Abstract: A method for producing a hard metallic ring body is presented in which a stock material of a ring-shape is roll formed between a pair of inner and outer forming rolls, one of which is provided with a shape change section (shaping roll). Roll forming operations are performed in three fabrication stages; initial, intermediate and final fabrication stages. A gap between the inner and the outer rolls is maintained at all times during the three processing stages. Early in the initial fabrication stage, a depression region is formed in the stock material by engaging with the shape change section of the shaping roll, and this engagement is maintained throughout the fabrication stages. The shaping roll and the forming roll are designed so as to cause the stock material to flow in the axial direction by the radial compression forces between the shaping and forming rolls.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for leveling of metal sheets conveyed through leveling gaps formed by several adjustable upper and lower leveling rollers and adjusted as a function of the sheet cross-section and the nominal sheet strength is disclosed. After initial maximum deformation, the sheets are subsequently repeatedly bent in alternate directions with a greatly diminishing degree of deformation resulting in an improved operational mode if the leveling range of a leveling machine is expanded toward the thicker metal sheets by a smaller quantity of leveling rollers in engagement, and thus a larger roller pitch, in case of sheet thicknesses exceeding the nominal sheet thickness of the leveling range.

Abstract: An installation for replacing live rolls in a rolling mill, comprising a drum which rotates about an axis parallel to the axes of the rolls in the tightening plane passing through these axes. The drum comprises at least two compartments, each symmetrical with respect to a median plane passing through the axis of rotation, and which can be placed, alternately, by rotating the drum, in a roll replacement position in front of the working zone of the mill stand. Each compartment has two pairs of guide rails which, in the roll replacement position of the corresponding compartment, are aligned, respectively, with two pairs of fixed rails in the stand. One of the compartments is vacant, while each of the other compartments holds in store a pair of live rolls, which have chocks bearing on the corresponding rails of the compartment. The drum is associated with a mechanism for transferring live rolls into the vacant compartment of the drum and replacement rolls into the working position in the stand.

Abstract: In a roller guide apparatus for guiding a steel material to be rolled into a rolling mill machine, a ratio (K/M) of an elastic constant (K [N/mm]) of the roller guide portion of a roller guide apparatus to a gradient (M [N/mm]) in a plasticity characteristic curve obtained when pressing the steel material nipped between the guide rollers in rolling is determined to be 0.5 or more, to thereby prevent the steel material from tilting between the guide rollers. As a result, dimensional accuracy in sectional shape and size of an end product can be improved, and miss-rolling can be prevented, thus producing high-quality rolled steel products without surface defects with remarkably high yield rate and productivity.

Abstract: A tool for use in preparation of signs of the type having a base section and sign elements engaging therewith comprises two members (7, 8) movable with respect to each other. These members comprise on one hand edge components (9, 10) for cutting the base section off, and on the other components (11) for deforming the base section so as to create obstacles for the sign elements to leave the engagement with the base section.

Abstract: The gasket and method of the present invention can be used for creating thinner surfaces on structures, including gaskets, without necessarily damaging such structures during formation, and without the need to resort to the undesirable practice of chemical milling. An annular ring is stamped to create an axially offset concentrically outward ring. The side of this ring which is displaced above the remainder of the annular ring is lathed off while the annular ring is securely attached to a lathe. The annular ring is secured at its inner and outer diameter during the facing operation to insure good support and that the work piece will not be harmed during processing. Further punching operations form apertures in the gasket while a small portion of axially offset material is left at the radial extent of the gasket. Finally, this axially offset material is punched away, and the gasket is made available for further finishing operations such as sand blasting.

Abstract: A method of producing seamless pipes by carrying out a plug rolling procedure includes expanding and stretching a hollow ingot into a bloom by carrying out at least two consecutive passes in a roll stand having a box-groove and by using a stationary plug supported by a rod. The bloom is pulled after each pass from the rod in a direction opposite the rolling direction. The bloom is turned after each pass by 90.degree. C. about a longitudinal axis thereof and the plug is exchanged after each pass. The method further includes the step of adjusting in one of the passes a wall thickness of the bloom in a wall portion of the bloom at the groove bottom by changing the roll distance in order to thin-stretching the wall portion such that the wall thickness of the finish-rolled bloom is uniform over the circumference thereof.

Abstract: A universal airborne-particle size-selective inlet (10) for separating particles (82) larger than a cut size from particles (84) smaller than the cut size is disclosed. The larger particles (82) are separated by inertial collection as they are drawn into the apparatus (10) in an air stream (78) which exits jet orifices (46) aligned with collector holes (34) leading to closed stagnation chambers (24). The larger particles (82) pass through the collector holes (34) and into the stagnation chambers (24) where they remain. The smaller particles (84) are carried by the flowing airstream (78) that turns at, and passes by, the collector holes (34) to an external downstream small particle collection device.

Abstract: For continuous measurement of the air permeability of a moving or stationary cloth web, the latter is guided over a measuring orifice which opens at the end of a measuring tube through a convexly curved outer surface of a measuring head. This convexly curved surface deflects the web. As a result of the tensile stress in the web, the web thereby automatically sealingly clings to this surface around the measuring orifice. In the measuring tube, air is sucked by a pump through the web part extending across the measuring orifice. The flow speed of the air sucked through a test sample is measured in a flowmeter, is indicated as the air permeability of the test sample by an indicator instrument, and if appropriate is used for regulation.

Abstract: In a turbo machine, for example, a turbo compressor, the rotor shaft extends through and is sealed relative a housing via dry gas seals in which a seal clearance is achieved between a rotating, sealing body and a non-rotating sliding body in which the inner side of the dry gas seal is charged with a barrier gas, with the leakage of the dry gas seal being dammed via a back-up plate and the dynamic pressure is monitored via a pressure inspection device, wherein due to increasing dynamic pressure an alarm is given off or the turbo machine is automatically shutdown without delay so that the exit of gas, particularly of toxic or explosive gas from the inner area of the housing of the turbo machine is avoided, wherein, via the use of multiple seals the leakage pressure of one of the inner dry gas seals can initiate a warning or alarm signal and via the leakage pressure of the outer dry gas seal, the turbo machine can be shut down.

Abstract: A leakage test apparatus and method whereby a test part may be tested for leaks using either a dynamic flow method or a pressure decay method. The apparatus includes an air supply and first, second and third conduits arranged in parallel with each other and extending from a first manifold pipe connected to the air supply to a second manifold pipe connected to the test part. The first conduit is adapted to fill the part with air from the air supply at a high flow rate, the second conduit includes a flow restriction orifice and is adapted to fill the part at an intermediate flow rate less than the high flow rate of the first conduit and the third conduit includes a flow meter adapted to measure flow from the first manifold pipe to the second manifold pipe during flow through the first conduit in a fill mode of operation and is further adapted to measure flow from the first to the second manifold pipe during flow through the second conduit in a stabilize mode of operation.

Abstract: An apparatus and method determines the dissolution of a drug from a dosage form, most particularly a swellable dosage form. An inert, transparent cylindrical vessel having a hemispherical bottom contains a fluid medium. The dosage form is placed into the vessel. A disk carried in the vessel has a pair of annular rings for engaging the vessel walls spaced above the bottom of the vessel. The disk has a screen mesh circumferentially sandwiched by the rings for passage of the fluid medium through the disk. A dosage form retaining space defined between the disk and bottom of the vessel retains the dosage form. The disk restrains the dosage form from floating to the top of the fluid medium. A stirring mechanism having a vertical shaft and a blade at a lower end of the shaft is inserted into the vessel. The stirring mechanism rotates the fluid medium. The drug concentration in the fluid medium is sampled at selected time intervals.

Abstract: An atomic force microscope in which a probe tip is oscillated at a resonant frequency and at amplitude setpoint and scanned across the surface of a sample in contact with the sample, so that the amplitude of oscillation of the probe is changed in relation to the topography of the surface of the sample. The setpoint amplitude of oscillation of the probe is greater than 10 nm to assure that the energy in the lever arm is much higher than that lost in each cycle by striking the sample surface, thereby to avoid sticking of the probe tip to the sample surface. Data is obtained based either on a control signal produced to maintain the established setpoint or directly as a function of changes in the amplitude of oscillation of the probe.

Abstract: An apparatus for testing and evaluating the spray pattern of high pressure fuel injector elements for use in supplying fuel to combustion engines. Prior art fuel injector elements were normally tested by use of low pressure apparatuses which did not provide a purge to prevent mist from obscuring the injector element or to prevent frosting of the view windows; could utilize only one fluid during each test; and had their viewing ports positioned one hundred eighty (180.degree.) apart, thus preventing optimum use of laser diagnostics.

Abstract: A mounting tube is arranged to be received in a snug interfitting relationship a support post and is, accordingly, readily detachable from the support post. The mounting tube includes a cup member having a top wall rotatably mounting an L-shaped rod through a bushing, such that the L-shaped rod projects radially beyond the mounting tube to support a windsock member. The L-shaped rod is maintained within the cup member by spaced abutment washers mounted to a first leg of the L-shaped rod, with the second leg of the L-shaped rod projecting beyond the cup member to support the windsock.

Abstract: The flow velocity of the medium is determined with the aid of a temperature-dependent resistor. The measurement probe is located in a partially open measurement chamber. The measurement chamber has an inlet port and an outlet port of different sizes. Only if the flow enters through the smaller inlet port and exits through the larger outlet port, is the actual flow velocity measured. When the flow enters through the outlet port, the measured value is less by about 30%. From this difference the direction of flow can be clearly determined.

Abstract: The present invention details several embodiments of a vessel speed measuring and indicating system, having a pressure intake port within a leading edge of a lower outboard portion of a vessel propulsion arrangement, which is structured to prevent debris, such as driftwood or the like, from entering and becoming lodged within the pressure intake port during operation of the vessel, so that the vessel speed can be accurately measured and displayed. The constructions detailed herein include a projection which is formed in the vicinity of the pressure intake port. The projection may be slightly above the pressure intake port, below the pressure intake port, or both above as well as below the pressure intake port.

Abstract: A digital ratiometric tracking filter provides superior measurement of the magnitude and phase of vibration of a rotating body, at uniform or non-uniform rotational speed. The sensed speed and vibration signals are concurrently processed and subsequently combined to produce the absolute magnitude and relative phase measurements. The concurrent processing of the sensed signals assures that any system-introduced errors are found in both signals and can be uniformly eliminated by the ratiometric processing thereof.

Abstract: An accelerometer device comprises a silicon semiconductor member having a mass mounted on a support by integral beams extending between the mass and support to permit movement of the mass in response to acceleration. Piezoresistive sensors are accommodated in the beams for sensing strain in the beams during movement of the mass to provide an output signal from the device corresponding to the acceleration. The beams each have an end secured to the support and an end secured to the mass and taper intermediate the beam ends to provide a high and substantially uniform strain throughout the tapered section of the beam. The piezoresistive sensor is accommodated in the tapered beam section to be responsive to that high, uniform strain.

Abstract: A cantilever beam has a proof mass arranged at its distal end so as to cause the beam to resiliently deform into an S-shape when the accelerometer is subjected to acceleration intended to be detected. Strain gauge elements are placed at the two knees of the S-shape.

Abstract: An acceleration sensor includes a silicon substrate with a micromechanical bender bar constituting a testing mass having one end mounted the silicon substrate and a free end opposite the one end. A ferromagnetic core is mounted on the free end of the micromechanical bender bar. An excitation coil is supported on the ferromagnetic core for furnishing an inhomogeneous magnetic field when supplied with an alternating current. A cooled superconducting quantum interference detector (SQUID) arrangement is mounted adjacent the ferromagnetic core for detecting changes in the inhomogeneous magnetic field produced by the excitation coil and produces a useful signal in dependence of changes in the inhomogeneous magnetic field.

Abstract: Buried fluid containing conduits, such as natural gas lines, are located by providing variable frequency sinusoidal excitation acoustic signals over a broad frequency range to the fluid content of the conduit so that the conduit will vibrate and cause elastic vibration in the media in which such conduit is buried. A plurality of measurements of said vibrations are taken on the surface of the media or ground in which such conduit is buried. The measurements are taken laterally of the estimated position of the conduit. The position of the conduit is determined by changes in the characteristics of the vibrations caused by the differences in distances between the pipe and the measurements.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining the setting time of a cement slurry. An acoustic shear wave signal is generated and introduced at a first location in the slurry. The signal is monitored at a second location for direct transmission of the shear wave signal. The time of first detection is determined at the second location which is taken as the setting time of the slurry.

Abstract: A shaker table (10) for testing and quality control of devices attached to the table is shown. The mounting table has pneumatic exciters (50) attached thereto. The mounting table (20) provides uniform distribution of forces applied by the pneumatic exciters (50). The forces are evenly distributed in all directions from the impact of the exciters on the mounting table. The mounting table (20) is supported on a foundation (2) by adjustable supports (4). The exciters are supplied with pressurized air from a source (12) through an airline (14).

Abstract: A differential pressure sensor is disclosed, and in particular, there is disclosed a multiple function type differential pressure sensor capable of reducing a zero-point-change and a span change of means for detecting a differential pressure when applying a static pressure and being readily manufactured at high accuracy. The multiple function type differential pressure sensor is constructed by a semiconductor chip 1 for detecting a differential pressure, a fixing base 2 which has a joining part 21 joined to a thick part of the semiconductor chip 1 and which has a thickness less than or equal to that of the semiconductor chip 1, and also which has at least one thin part 22 in an outer periphery other than the joining part 21, and a housing 4 joined to the fixing base.

Abstract: A pressure detection gage for a semiconductor pressure sensor includes a gage portion, a pair of lead out portions, and an isolation layer. The gage portion is formed on the upper surface of a semiconductor substrate of the first conductivity type, has a predetermined sheet resistance, and serves as a piezoelectric region. The pair of lead out portions are formed as heavily doped semiconductor regions of the second conductivity type on the surface of the semiconductor substrate and are electrically connected to two ends of the gage portion. The isolation layer is formed from a lightly doped semiconductor region of the second conductivity type formed in the semiconductor substrate to surround the lead out portions.

Abstract: A pressure sensor is provided in which the pressure sensing components are isolated from a portion of an attached buffer member which is connected to a fluid conduit. The offset characteristic of the pressure sensor isolates stress from being transmitted between an attached external fluid conduit and the sensitive components of the pressure sensor. One embodiment of the pressure sensor solders a fluid conduit structure to a buffer member that is attached to a pressure sensor die. An alternative embodiment of the present invention avoids the need for making solder connections between the sensor structure and external components by utilizing elastomeric conductors and pressure seals in association with the pressure sensor composite structure and first and second housing structures. These elastomeric conductors also provide improved stress isolation. The housing structures are used to compress to the seal and the elastomeric conductor against selected portions of the composite sensor.

Abstract: A single-ply roof cover fatigue tester includes an adjustable platen to which a roof cover sample is attached. Movement of the platen relative to a support frame adjusts the angle at which a tension force is applied to the sample by fluid pressure cylinders. The platen is long enough to accommodate the roof cover sample and three associated fasteners in a straight line at a spacing commonly used in actual roof cover installations. A control system controls the flow of pressure fluid to fluid pressure cylinders on opposite sides of the sample to alternately increase the tension on one side and then the other, while maintaining a minimum tension on the opposite side. A counter is provided to indicate the number of times the increasing tension alternates from one side to the other.

Abstract: A testing machine includes a pair of spaced side-by-side rails spanned by a carriage and opposite thereto a piston/cylinder mechanism between each rail and an associated crosshead. A wire cable, sling or the like is connected between the carriage and the crosshead and when the pistons of the piston/cylinder mechanisms are forcefully extended from the cylinders the sling is brought under tension loading upwardly to 3,000,000 lbs. Each side rail is formed of a plurality of sections with each section being defined by relatively long metal rail members joined by tubes and carrying studs and a first series of rebars. A second series of rebars spans a joint between adjacent rail sections. The metal rail members of adjacent sections are spaced from each other to define a gap therebetween. Concrete is poured into the sections to eventually surround, embed and unitize the sections upon subsequent solidification of the concrete.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a test system for non-destructively testing the attachment strength of a plurality of electric wires each connected to a corresponding input/output (I/O) port in an integrated circuit (IC) dice. The test system comprises a test bench for placing said integrated circuit dice thereon. The test system further comprises a force asserting means including a testing pin for asserting a controlled amount of pressing force along a predefined direction to each of the electric wires near said corresponding I/O ports on said IC dice. The test system also includes a control means including a testing arm connecting to the testing pin for controlling and positioning the testing pin to apply the controlled amount of force to each of the electric wires. The control means further includes a force measurement means for measuring the amount of force applied to each of the electric wires.

Abstract: A torque measuring system can detect the magnitude of a torque applied to a torque sensing shaft and output a torque signal with respect to the torque. A torque sensor of the system has a measurement mode for producing torque signals and a correction mode for correction of its detection characteristics. An external signal for selection of one of the two modes is supplied to the torque sensor by a characteristic check device. The correction mode enables the correction of the torque sensor characteristics to be effected accurately and in a short time period without requiring manual labor.

Abstract: A device for monitoring both position and torque variations in a torque carrying member such as a shaft or flywheel functions by using a magnetostrictive torque sensor to monitor both torque variations and rotational position. The torque carrying member is structured with cutouts, protuberances, or material variations which cause the path reluctance for the flux produced by the magnetostrictive sensor to be different for different rotational positions of the shaft. This manifests as an output signal variation in the sensor which is dependent on position, and which can be used in conjunction with the magnetostrictively induced variations in signal to permit monitoring of both torque and position. The device is suitable for use with automotive engines and provides cost and space savings.

Abstract: The present invention provides a waste removal assembly used in conjunction with a sampling system which provides access to a sealed container. The assembly includes a lifting mechanism which moves a sample container against a hollow cleaning needle. The needle penetrates the stopper of the container, and its penetrating end moves into the container proximate the inside surface of the stopper. The assembly also includes a pump and tube arrangement in communication with the needle for removing or displacing entrapped serum or other debris from the bottom surface of the stopper and placing it in a waste container. After removing the debris from the container, the cleaning assembly vents the cleaned container to atmospheric pressure, and the sampling system performs sampling operations through a puncture tube which defines a temporary opening in the stopper of the container.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method and apparatus for sampling gas from a hot dust-filled gas stream using a gas probe so arranged as to protrude into a gas- and dust-filled atmosphere, wherein the probe samples a gas portion of said gas stream, wherein the sample gas portion is sucked through the probe by a gas pump connected to the probe, and wherein at least a portion of the sample gas portion is first separated from suspended impurities and then fed to an analysis apparatus. The method and apparatus are further characterized in that the clogging or forming of bakings in the probe of dust suspended in the sample gas portion is prevented by activating said dust in the probe by means of a dust activation device comprising at least one of a laser emitter or means for deionization of the dust particles prior to filtration of the sample in the probe.

Abstract: A sampler for flowing liquid in, for example, a pipeline, said sampler comprising, a pump assembly situated, in use, within the flowing liquid, sampling means connected to said pump assembly to provide a sample of said liquid, drive means to operate said pump assembly, said drive means including driver means, mounted, in use, within said flowing liquid to be driven by the flowing liquid, whereby flowing liquid drives the driver means which in turn drives the drive means and the pump assembly.

Abstract: There is disclosed an apparatus and method for collection of both dry and wet precipitation. The invention involves the use of a dynamic flowing fluid surface for the collection of precipitation for temporary storage and subsequent analysis. The use of a dynamic system prevents exposure of the collected precipitation to other meteorological conditions which may alter, volatilize or destroy the precipitation material.

Abstract: A coal sampling device is provided for the efficient extraction of a core sample of coal from a container, such as a coal truck or railroad hopper car, and crushing of the extracted coal sample into particles useful for laboratory analysis. Uncrushed pieces of extracted coal are transported to a separating device that allows most of these extracted coal pieces to fall back into the container through several open windows. The separating device also includes an additional window through which extracted coal pieces fall into a crushing device, where the coal pieces are crushed to pebble-sized pieces. The crushed coal pieces are allowed to fall out of the bottom of the coal crushing device, and a portion of the crushed pieces are collected by a sample collecting receptacle, which accumulates portions of the crushed coal throughout the core extraction process so that a true representative sample of the total extracted core is collected.

Abstract: A funnel is operationally mountable on the downstream side of a weir positioned in a wastewater stream which contains oils, fats and/or grease. The funnel has a sample port near the discharge neck and tubing is connected to the funnel in communication with the sample port. The opposite end of the tubing is connected to a pump. Wastewater flowing over the weir flows into the funnel and is agitated and mixed. Operation of the pump causes a homogeneous and representative sample to be withdrawn from the stream.

Abstract: A pipette body extends along a longitudinal axis and a piston mounted in sliding fashion along this axis inside the said pipette body so as to define a chamber of variable volume emerging at a sampling orifice, said piston being driven over a limited distance of travel in the direction of the sampling orifice by means of pressure manually exerted on a push rod mounted in sliding fashion in the pipette body, and in the opposite direction by the reaction of elastic return means until it abuts against an axial extremity of a metal sheath extending along the said longitudinal axis in side the pipette body. The sheath has an external thread which works by engaging with a thread inside the pipette body in such a way as to move the sheath longitudinally when driven in rotations, in order to adjust the distance of travel of the piston in the opposite direction and the volume of the chamber.

Abstract: A gauge mounting assembly for attachment to a motorcycle handlebar includes a housing in which an engine monitoring gauge such as an oil pressure gauge is positioned. The gauge is positionable within the housing for optimum visibility and lockable thereto. A bracket is attachable to a motorcycle handlebar at selected positions about the handlebar. An arm couples the housing to the bracket and permits adjustment of the housing in relation to the bracket. A modified form of the gauge assembly includes a bracket with the gauge housing disposed above the bracket by an arm member located perpendicular to the handlebar axis.

Abstract: A mechanism for adjusting the space or gap between a rigid, spherical boot and the periphery of an opening in a console trim plate through which the shift lever of the shifting mechanism extends. The mechanism provides both radial adjustment for providing a uniform gap and also allows for the assembly to be easily adjusted up or down with respect to the opening in the console trim plate.

Abstract: A new type of gear is provided which endorses a new type of slide pin gear having a plurality of holes within which a plurality of rounded pins travel traversely. The slide pin gear travels in combination within two corresponding exterior ruffled plates as they turn. The gear provides a positive infinitely variable speed assembly. The two wheels, each having a face of each wheel with ruffles extending from the center to peripheral edge. The ruffled surfaces are flat across the diameter, and from the center to the peripheral edge, the depth of each valley is equal to the crest of the ruffles, forming a smooth blending wave into one another. The speed radio of the gears depends upon the distance between the axle centers of the slide pin gear and the corresponding pair of ruffled wheel plates. Alternately, the gear assemblies may be provided with auxiliary locking features, to insure the locking of each of the pins at the desired position for maximum interface with the ruffled wheel plates.

Abstract: A multi-freedom electric motor has a broad operational range and a wide space for accommodating an article. The electric motor includes a spherical rotor, a plurality of magnets disposed on an outer surface of the rotor with polarities of the respective adjacent magnetic poles being different from one another, a stator provided along the outer surface of the rotor, and a plurality of magnets opposed to the magnets disposed on an inner surface of the stator. The rotor is supported by a spherical bearing provided on the stator. Either the magnets on the rotor or the magnets on the stator are electromagnets. Electric current are supplied to the electromagnets as controlled by a controller. The multi-freedom electric motor can be employed in a space stabilizer for maintaining the spherical attitude of an article, a control moment gyro for performing an attitude control in space, and an agitating apparatus.

Abstract: A positive, variable speed transmission system comprising a pair of beveled plates and a plurality of slidable balls which are moved between said plates, the position of said slidable balls determining the speed variation of said transmission system.

Abstract: A control system/method for controlling the shifting of automated mechanical transmission systems (10) is provided. The control system/method (FIG. 4 ) defines the synchronous window ((OS*GR.sub.T)+X.gtoreq.IS.sub.E >(OS*GR.sub.T)-Y) for jaw clutch engagement (for shifts other than compound upshifts) where X and Y are each greater than zero and the total synchronous window (X+Y) equals the greater of a function (fGR.sub.T) of the numerical value of the target ratio (GR.sub.T) or a minimum value ((X+Y) min).

Abstract: A sand molding machine comprises an elongated tie rod with a removable bearing sleeve portion at its distal end. The distal end of the rod where the sleeve is attached has a reduced diameter end spindle portion with multiple stepped support sections on its outer surface. The sleeve is of generally hollow cylindrical configuration and fits over the spindle end portion of the rod. The sleeve has an outward cylindrical bearing surface, and an inward surface with stepped support sections corresponding to and contacting the outside support sections on the rod when the sleeve is attached. The respective supporting sections on the rod and the sleeve provide a strong tight attachment of the sleeve to the rod without requiring excessive force in order to attach and/or remove the bearing from the rod.

Abstract: In a construction of a vehicle power train in which a crankshaft of an engine and a shaft of a transmission are arranged in a car-width direction and a differential is disposed near the transmission, a power transmission element composing a part of a power transmission passage from the engine to a drive wheel is reinforced. An extension part extending to the cylinder block side of the engine is provided with respect to a bearing part of a back idle gear of the transmission provided at a cylinder block upper of the engine, and an extreme end of the extension part is connected to a rear side part of the cylinder block upper. The bearing part of a front-wheel differential is arranged so as to contact to a side of the bearing part of the back idle gear. Accordingly, rigidity of the power train is enhanced and an open/close mode movement caused between the engine and the transmission is prevented.

Abstract: A differential assembly having a driving case enclosing a pair of driving members operably coupled with a pair of driven members. The driven members are secured to output shafts and the driving members are forcibly driven by a driving shaft having its opposite ends in engagement with the driving case. The mid-section of the driving shaft passes through an eccentric or angled aperture formed by cooperating arcuate surfaces provided in opposing surfaces of the driving members. The driving members and the driven members are urged together respectively by double oppositely wound concentric springs bearing against a pin carried in an elongated hole coextensively provided in opposing surfaces of adjacent driving members of both pairs. Inspection and access openings are provided in passageways and in the oblong cross-section of part of the passageways.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing tools having attached thereto cutting plates with a cutting edge coated with a hard cutting material, the cutting plates are first positioned on the cutting tool body in a desired position and fixed on the cutting tool body in that desired position by electric spot welding. Subsequently, the soldering material is applied to each cutting plate. Soldering of the cutting plates to the cutting tool body is performed at a temperature of 720.degree. C. to 850.degree. C. in a vacuum of 10.sup.-4 to 10.sup.-6 mbar. In a final step, the cutting tool body with the cutting plates soldered thereto is slowly cooled in the vacuum oven.

Abstract: A paper tail ripper having a pair of rotatably mounted knives, air motors which counter-rotate the knives and a deflector which deflects the paper tail toward the knives. The knives traverse closely spaced overlapping circles as they counter-rotate. The deflector sweeps the paper tail onto a transfer mechanism, which transfers the paper tail away from the ripper, so that the tail may be threaded through a calender stack, etc. The ripper is pivotally mounted on the transfer mechanism for movement between storage and operating positions.