Abstract: Curable mixtures comprising(a) an epoxy compound having on average more than one epoxy group per molecule,(b) a metal complex salt of formula IM(L).sub.a X'.sub.b X".sub.c .cndot.dY (I),whereinM is a cation of a transition metal,L is a Lewis base,a is a number from 2 to 6,X' is an anion of an acid radical,X" is an cation of an acid radical differing from X'b is 0 or a number which, together with the number c, which is greater than 0, corresponds to the valency of the cation of the transition metal,Y is a solvent molecule, andd is 0 or a number from 0 to 5, and,as optional component(c) a hardener for epoxy resins,are distinguished by good solubility of the metal salt in the epoxy resin and achieve uniform crosslinking during the curing of the epoxy resin.

Abstract: The invention is a composition of an inorganic-organic polymer composite and a method of making it. The inorganic portion of the fundamental polymer composite polymer repeat is a speciated inorganic heterocyclic compound, and the organic portion of the polymer repeat is a cyclic organic radical anion compound having at least two charged sites. The composition of the present invention is made by combining a cyclic organic radical anion compound with a speciated inorganic heterocyclic compound by a nucleophilic substitution thereby forming a polymer of an inorganic-organic composite. The cyclic organic radical anion compound is preferably generated electrochemically. The nucleophilic substitution is alternately carried out chemically or electrochemically. A preferred embodiment of the present invention includes performing the nucleophilic substitution at the cathode of an electrochemical cell.

Abstract: A process for making polyetheresters is disclosed. A polyether is reacted with a carboxylic acid in the presence of a strong protic acid or a metal salt of a strong protic acid to promote insertion of the carboxylic acid into polyether carbon-oxygen bonds to produce a polyetherester. The polyetheresters are useful for various applications in the polyurethane and unsaturated polyester industries.

Abstract: This invention relates to melt processable copolymer of etherimideimide/etherimide herein-after identified as PEII/PEI copolymer of following structural formula(I). ##STR1## wherein, R and R' are independently selected from the groups of ##STR2## Ar and Ar' are independently selected from the groups of ##STR3## (wherein, R1 is H or C1-C6 alkyl group,R2 is II or C1-C4 alkyl group, andR3 is --O--, --CO--, --SO--, --SO2--.); andn and m are independently an integer between 5 and 500.

Abstract: The disclosure describes a multilayer article of manufacture comprising a substrate having adhered to it a terminally unsaturated adhesive polyimide, where the surface of the adhesive opposite the substrate is adhered to a polyimide, the article further characterized in having one set or a plurality of alternating layers of the terminally unsaturated adhesive polyimide and the polyimide. the bonding operation.A novel adhesive polyimide is also described which is an adhesive polyimide such as ODPA-APB terminated with unsaturated heterocyclic monoamines such as azaadenines, aminobenzotriazoles, aminopurines or aminopyrazolopyrimidines and optionally anhydrides, aminoacetylenes, vinylamines or amino phosphines. The novel polyimide may also contain unsaturated heterocyclic groups in the polymer backbone or chain, either as a partial or complete replacement for the aromatic diamines used in synthesizing the polyimide.

Abstract: There are provided a deproteinized natural rubber latex which comprises a purified product of proteolytically treated natural rubber latex and contains fine particles of natural rubber latex, a deproteinized natural rubber which comprises a dehydrated product of the deproteinized natural rubber latex, and a process for the production of deproteinized natural rubber latex which comprises subjecting a latex solution prepared by (1) adding water and/or a surfactant to a natural rubber latex and then proteolytically treating the resulting latex solution or (2) proteolytically treating a natural rubber latex and then adding water and/or a surfactant to the treated natural rubber latex, to purification using a rotary plate membrane separation apparatus.

Abstract: A cyclic octapeptide of the formula: ##STR1## wherein: A.sup.1 is D-Nal or D-Trp;A.sup.3 is Phe, F.sub.5 -Phe, or X-Phe wherein X is a halogen, NO.sub.2, CH.sub.3, or OH;A.sup.5 is --NH--CH(Y)--CO-- wherein Y is (CH.sub.2).sub.m --R.sub.4 --N(R.sub.5)(R.sub.6) or (CH.sub.2).sub.n --R.sub.4 --NH--C(R.sub.7)--N(R.sub.5) (R.sub.6);A.sup.6 is the D-- or L-- isomer of Thr, Leu, Ile, Nle, Val, and Abu;A.sup.8 is Nal or Trp;m is 1, 2, or 3;n is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5;each of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, independently, is H, E, COE, or COOE wherein E is C.sub.1-12 alkyl, C.sub.2-12 alkenyl, C.sub.2-12 alkynyl, phenyl, naphthyl, C.sub.7-12 phenylalkyl or alkylphenyl, C.sub.8-12 phenylalkenyl or alkenylphenyl, C.sub.8-12 phenylalkynyl or alkynylphenyl, C.sub.11-20 naphthylalkyl or alkylnaphthyl, C.sub.12-20 naphthylalkenyl or alkenylnaphthyl, or C.sub.12-20 naphthylalkynyl or alkynylnaphthyl, provided that when one of R.sub.1 or R.sub.2 is COE or COOE, the other must be H;R.sub.4 is C.sub.6 H.sub.4 or absent;R.sub.7 is .dbd.NR.sub.

Abstract: Centrally truncated NPY cyclic peptide analogs are described which have selective bioactivity for NPY Y1 receptors. Methods are provided for diagnosing physiological disorders manifested by abnormal levels of endogenous Y1 receptors, by means of measuring the amount of a NPY Y1 specific cyclic peptide analog which binds to a biological sample, and by means of administering a radiolabelled NPY Y1 specific cyclic peptide analog to a host subject followed by radiographic imaging. A method is further provided for therapeutic use of the cyclic peptide NPY analogs in clinical treatment of hypotension and anorexia.

Abstract: The present invention provides anti-obesity proteins, which when administered to a patient regulate fat tissue. Accordingly, such agents allow patients to overcome their obesity handicap and live normal lives with much reduced risk for type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer.

Abstract: The present invention provides anti-obesity proteins, which when administered to a patient regulate fat tissue. Accordingly, such agents allow patients to overcome their obesity handicap and live normal lives with much reduced risk for type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer.

Abstract: Peptide-chelator conjugates are provided that when labelled with a traceable metal are useful for diagnostic imaging of sites of inflammation. The peptide component is an antagonist of the naturally occurring tetrapeptide tuftsin while the chelator component serves as a labelling site for metals, in particular radionuclide metals such as technetium-99m.

Abstract: A process for making a metallocene, said process comprising the steps of (a) reacting an alkylsubstituted cyclopentadiene ligand, which contains a mixture of endo- and exo-isomers, with up to about a 10% excess over a stoichiometric amount of a deprotonation agent based on the amount of endo-isomers, so as to form a salt of said endo-isomers, (b) reacting the endo-isomer salt with a transition or actinide metal compound so as to form said metallocene and (c) optionally separating said exo-isomers and trace amounts of unreacted endo-isomers from said metallocene by distillation.

Abstract: Azo class reactive dyestuffs have been found which have the general formula (1) ##STR1## and in which Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 represent a reactive group from the pyrimidine series, X represents SR.sup.1, OR.sup.2 or NR.sup.3 R.sup.4, and the remaining substituents have the meanings given in the description, which dyestuffs are particularly suitable for dyeing hydroxyl- and amido-containing fibres, in particular cotton.

Abstract: There are described novel monoazo dyes of the below-indicated and formula (1) which have fiber-reactive properties and are used as dyes for dyeing hydroxy- and/or carboxamido-containing material, in particular fiber material, such as wool and synthetic polyamide and in particular cellulose fiber materials, such as cotton. ##STR1## X, Y, M and m are as defined in claim 1.

Abstract: An organic photoconductive material is represented by the following general formula [1]:A.sub.1 --N.dbd.N--B--N.dbd.N--A.sub.2 [1],wherein B is a divalent organic group bonded to nitrogen atoms forming azo groups, A.sub.1 and A.sub.2 are groups different from each other, A.sub.1 is represented by the following general formula [A1]: ##STR1## wherein X is an atomic group which is necessary for forming an aromatic hydrocarbon ring or an aromatic hetero-ring by condensation with the benzene ring, Y is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group or a halogen atom, m is an integer of 1 to 4, R is an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group or an aromatic hetero-ring group and n is 1 or 2, and A.sub.2 is a group represented by one of the following general formulae [A2] and [A3]: ##STR2## wherein a.sub.1 is a group selected from R, --N.dbd.CH--R and ##STR3## R, X, Y, m and n are the same as those in the general formula [A1] and p is 0 or 1.

Abstract: A room temperature vulcanizable silicone rubber composition with crack resistant properties with improvement during cure, comprising a silanol end-stopped diorganopolysiloxane polymer; a methyl tris-(methyl ethyl ketoximino)silane crosslinker, an aminohydrocarbyl substituted ketoximinosilane adhesion promoter; a reinforcing or non-reinforcing filler or filler mixture, and an optional catalyst and plasticizer. These compositions cure to elastic materials useful as caulking materials, adhesives, coatings and encapsulating materials for the construction and other industries.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new useful azo dyestuffs which are free from ionic groups, of the general formula I ##STR1## wherein X.sup.1, X.sup.2, X.sup.3, Y, R, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 have the meanings given in Claim 1, mixtures of dyestuffs of the general formula I, the preparation of dyestuffs of the general formula I and their use for dyeing and printing hydrophobic fibre materials.

Abstract: Light-colored lower alkyl oligoglucosides having a low polyglucose content can be obtained in short reaction times by a process in whicha) aqueous glucose sirup is added to a mixture of a lower alcohol and an acidic catalyst at elevated temperatures via an inline mixer,b) the water present in the reaction mixture and the water released are azeotropically distilled off continuously andc) after the addition of glucose sirup, the reaction mixture is subjected to heating until at least 99% of the glucose is reacted.

Abstract: Nucleic acid sequence probes are provided for the detection of lesions associated with neoplastic cells. The sequences can be used for identifying the locus associated with the lesion, for determining cancer susceptibility of cells, as well as categorizing and characterizing tumor cells for prognosis and therapy.

Abstract: The invention relates to small RNAs encoded within the nucleus of mammalian cells that specifically import to the mitochondria. The RNAs bind to several nucleolar peptides and thus provide potential carriers for import of biological molecules, including metabolites and proteins, into the mitochondrial compartment. Mitochondrial dysfunction in several maternally inherited human diseases may be correctable employing linkage of mitochondrial import signal to mitochondrial tRNA sequences expressed from nuclear trans-genes without requirement for direct genetic transformation of mitochondria.

Abstract: A new down-regulated gene called DRA, for down regulated in adenoma, maps to chromosome 7 and is believed to encode a tumor suppressor. The DRA gene encodes a highly hydrophobic protein with charged clusters located primarily in the carboxyl terminus. Additionally, the expression of the mRNA product appears to be strictly limited to the mucosa of normal colon and it is down-regulated early in colon tumorigenesis. Absence of the DRA polypeptide in tissue that usually expresses it can be used as an indicator of tissue abnormality. The DRA gene and cDNA may also have therapeutic capabilities as well.

Abstract: Chemically modified cyclodextrins such as hydroxypropyl cyclodextrins are purified by treatment with an activated carbon made from either coal or coconut shells. The amount of activated carbon used is 50% to 300% by weight of modified cyclodextrin. The treatment removes organic impurities such as glycol introduced during the chemical modification process of the cyclodextrin. The treatment step is conducted by passing an aqueous solution of the unpurified modified cyclodextrin through a column packed with the activated carbon or by adding the activated carbon to a container of the unpruified modified cyclodextrin and mildly agitating the contents of the container to remove the impurities.

Abstract: The present invention is based upon the discovery that a MeOH extract of Anabaena affinis strain VS-1 showed strong cytotoxicity to L1210 murine leukemia cells, and from that extract was isolated the compounds having the following structures, Compounds 1 and 2. These two compounds are believed to be responsible for the cytotoxicity of the marine organism. This is the first report of the isolation and characterization of pyrrolo[3,2-d] pyrimidine derivatives as biosynthetic products.

Abstract: A process for preparing metal-free phthalocyanines which can carry up to 16 halogen atoms, cyano groups, carboxyl groups, sulfo groups, C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 -alkyl groups and/or aryl radicals as substituents by reductive cyclization of ortho-phthalodinitrile substituted ortho-phthalodinitriles or mixtures thereof comprises effecting the cyclization in C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 -alkylene monoglycols, oligoglycols or polyglycols, their mono-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl or -aryl ethers or their mixtures in the presence of an aromatic compound of the formula I ##STR1## where the substituents X can be identical or different and each denotes hydroxyl, mercapto, amino or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkylamino, the substituents Y can likewise be identical or different and each denotes halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkoxy or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkoxycarbonyl, m is from 1 to 4 and n is from 0 to 5, subject to the proviso that m+n .ltoreq.

Abstract: The present invention involves water soluble hydroxy-substituted texaphyrins retaining lipophilicity, the synthesis of such compounds and their uses. These expanded porphyrin-like macrocycles are efficient chelators of divalent and trivalent metal ions. Various metal (e.g., transition, main group, and lanthanide) complexes of the hydroxy-substituted texaphyrin derivatives of the present invention have unusual water solubility and stability. They absorb light strongly in a physiologically important region (i.e. 690-880 nm). They have enhanced relaxivity and therefore are useful in magnetic resonance imaging. They form long-lived triplet states in high yield and act as photosensitizers for the generation of singlet oxygen. Thus, they are useful for inactivation or destruction of enveloped viruses, mononuclear or other cells infected with such viruses as well as tumor cells.

Abstract: A process for preparing nevirapine which comprises reacting 2-chloro-N-(2-chloro-4-methyl-3-pyridyl)-3-pyridine carboxamide with cyclopropylamine followed by cyclisation of the product, wherein the reaction with cyclopropylamine is carried out in the presence of an oxide or hydroxide of an element of the second main or sub-group of the periodic table of elements.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of sulfonylureasHerbicidal sulfonylureas of the formula I, ##STR1## in which X is --O--, --0--NR.sup.2 -- or --SO.sub.2 --NR.sup.2 --, Y is --N-- or CH,R.sup.1 is (substituted) alkyl, (substituted) alkenyl or (substituted) alkynyl, or else, where X.dbd.O, (substituted) phenyl,R.sup.2 is H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or cycloalkyl,R.sup.3, R.sup.4 are H, (substituted) alkyl or (substituted) alkoxy, halogen, alkylthio, alkylamino or dialkylamino andR.sup.5, R.sup.

Abstract: The disclosure describes an improved process for producing optically active compounds of Formula II or III, which compounds are useful as intermediates for preparing compounds active as inhibitors of retroviral protease enzymes: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.50 and Z are described in the specification. The improved process includes either synthesis of diastereomeric iodolactones which are separated prior to conversion to compounds of Formula II or III or synthesis of an epoxide which is converted directly to compounds of Formula II and III.

Abstract: Hydrazone compound useful as an excellent organic nonlinear optical material and a highly sensitive coloring chelation agent, represented by the following formula (1): ##STR1## wherein Ar is a substituted or an non-substituted 2-imidazolyl group, a 4-imidazolyl group, 3-pyrazolyl group, 3-pyridazinyl, 2-pyrimidinyl, 4-pyrimidinyl, 2-quinolyl, 1-isoquinolyl, 3-isoquinolyl, 1-phthalazinyl, 2-quinazolinyl, 2-benzimidazolyl, 2-benzothiazolyl, or 2-thiazolyl group,R.sup.1 is a nitro group, cyano group or trifluoromethyl group,R.sup.2 is a nitro group, cyano group, trifluoromethyl group or a halogen atom, or a substituted or an non-substituted alkyl group,R.sup.3 is a hydrogen atom, andn is an integer from 0 to 3.

Abstract: This invention relates to pharmaceutical N-benzyl dihydroindole compounds having the general formula: ##STR1## and their use as LTD.sub.4 antagonists.

Abstract: A process for controlling pests in which the pests or the plants threatened by attack with pests are treated with a 2-anilinopyridine of the formula I ##STR1## where the substituents have the following meanings: R.sup.1 is alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkylthioalkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, substituted alkyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyloxy, halogen, CN, SCN, formyl, CH.dbd.NOR.sub.5, CH.dbd.NR.sub.6, CH.sub.2 NHR.sub.6R.sup.5 is hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, COR.sup.7 or unsubstituted or substituted phenyl,R.sup.6 is hydrogen, alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or unsubstituted or substituted phenyl,R.sup.2 is alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl or cycloalkylR.sup.3 is hydrogen, CN, S(O).sub.n R.sup.8 or COR.sup.9,R.sup.8 is alkyl or substituted phenyl,R.sup.9 is hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl or benzyl,R.sup.

Abstract: A method for detecting a component of an aqueous liquid comprising adding to the liquid a luminescent dye selected from the group consisting of cyanine, merocyanine and styryl dyes containing at least one sulfonic acid or sulfonate group attached to an aromatic nucleus and reacting the dye with the component. The labeled component is then detected by an optical detection method.

Abstract: In order to prepare fluid, storage-stable ampholytic surface-active agents, (a) 1-hydroxyethyl-2-alkyl-2-imidazolines having formula (1), in which R.sup.1 stands for an alkyl residue with 5 to 21 carbon atoms, are quaternated or carboxymethylated with halogenated carboxylic acid salts at a pH range from 7.5 to 9, and at the same time hydrolyzed with aqueous bases, then (b) the pH value of the reaction final products is set between 5 and 7.

Abstract: This invention provides novel heterocyclic derivatives, their pharmaceutical formulations, and their use for antagonizing angiotensin II receptors in mammals.

Abstract: A process for preparing pyrazole and its derivatives of the formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each hydrogen, halogen, nitro, carboxyl, sulfonyl or C-organic radicals, from alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds of the formula II ##STR2## and hydrazine or hydrazine derivatives of the formula IIIH.sub.2 N--NHR.sup.4 IIIwherein, initially without additional diluent, an alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl compound of the formula II is reacted with hydrazine or a hydrazine derivative of the formula III, and the resulting reaction mixture is reacted in another step with a mixture of sulfuric acid and iodine or a compound which liberates iodine or hydrogen iodide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the production of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone by gas-phase reaction at atmospheric pressure. The method is characterized in that a gas-phase reaction is conducted by using N-.beta.-Hydroxyethyl-2-Pyrrolidones serving as raw materials, at a temperature of 300.degree.-450.degree. C., a space velocity of 500-4500 hr.sup.-1 in the presence of a mixed oxide of group IV elements, or an oxide of group IV elements, which has been modified by group I or group II elements.

Abstract: (Haloalkyl)dibenzooniumsulfonate represented by the following general formula (I): ##STR1## By using this compound as the haloalkylating agent, haloalkylated organic compounds being non-water-soluble as the objective product can very easily be separated in the post-treatment process. This haloalkylating agent can be produced from cheap materials on an industrial basis because those materials for compounding are industrially easily available or can easily be synthesized industrially.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a new process for the synthesis of 2-aryl benzo[b]thiophenes, and to novel intermediates therefor.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition represented by the formula ##STR1## (wherein x is an integer of 3 to 7, y is an integer of 0 to 50, and R.sub.a and R.sub.b are H, methyl group, or propyl group and each of the R.sub.a and R.sub.b groups may be replaced with any of the other groups simultaneously) and useful as a raw material or modifier for resins for use in coating compositions, adhesives, epoxy resins, and the like, and further provides a process for producing a composition comprising compounds represented by the above formula (I) which process is characterized in that a compound represented by the formula ##STR2## is reacted with a lactone at 30.degree. to 20.degree. C. or compounds represented by the formula ##STR3## (wherein x, y, R.sub.a, and R.sub.b have the meanings as defined above) are epoxidized at 0.degree. to 80.degree. C. using a peroxide.

Abstract: Chlorine-substituted olefins I ##STR1## (R.sup.1 =organic radical; R.sup.2 =--CN, --CO--R.sup.3, --CO--S--R.sup.3, --CO--O--R.sup.3 --CO--N(R.sup.4,R.sup.5); R.sup.3 =organic radical; R.sup.4, R.sup.5 =H, organic radical)are prepared by reacting oxiranes II ##STR2## in the presence of a carboxamide (IIIa) or of a lactam (IIIb) in liquid phase with a chlorinating agent (IV). The products I are important intermediates for dyes, drugs and crop protection agents.

Abstract: A process for separating dimethyldichlorosilane from methyltrichlorosilane in a mixture. The process comprises contacting a mixture comprising methyltrichlorosilane and dimethyldichlorosilane with silica gel, where the dimethyldichlorosilane is selectively retained by the silica gel. The process provides for the recovery of a methyltrichlorosilane fraction reduced in dimethyldichlorosilane concentration. The present process is especially useful for removing low levels of dimethyldichlorosilane present as a contaminate in methyltrichlorosilane.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of 4-fluoroalkoxycinnamonitriles.The invention relates to a process for the preparation of fluoroalkoxycinnamonitriles of the formula (I) ##STR1## in which n is 1 to 8 and m is 1 to 17, where m.ltoreq.2n+1, by reacting 4-fluorobenzaldehyde with a fluoroalkanol of the formula (II)H.sub.2n+1-m F.sub.m C.sub.n O--H (II)in which m and n are as defined above, in the presence of a base and, if appropriate, a solvent, and reacting the resulting 4-fluoroalkoxybenzaldehyde with cyanoacetic acid or an alkyl cyanoacetate in the presence of a base and, if appropriate, a solvent.

Abstract: Intermediates and processes are disclosed which are useful for the preparation of a substantially pure compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 are each hydrogen or R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 are independently selected from ##STR2## wherein R.sub.a and R.sub.b are independently selected from hydrogen, loweralkyl and phenyl and R.sub.c, R.sub.d and R.sub.e are independently selected from hydrogen, loweralkyl, trifluoromethyl, alkoxy, halo and phenyl; and ##STR3## wherein the naphthyl ring is unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substitutents independently selected from loweralkyl, trifluoromethyl, alkoxy and halo; orR.sub.6 is as defined above and R.sub.7 is R.sub.7a OC(O)-- wherein R.sub.7a is loweralkyl or benzyl; orR.sub.6 and R.sub.7 taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded are ##STR4## wherein R.sub.f, R.sub.g, R.sub.h and R.sub.i are independently selected from hydrogen, loweralkyl, alkoxy, halogen and trifluoromethyl and R.sub.

Abstract: A process for preparing a fluorine-containing dicarbonyl compound of the formula: R.sup.1 COCFR.sup.2 COR.sup.3 in which R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or aryl group; R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or aryl group; and R.sup.3 is a hydrogen atom, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, aryl, alkoxy or aryloxy group, provided that at least two of R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 may together form a part of a cyclic structure with or without a hetero atom, by reacting a dicarbonyl compound of the formula: R.sup.1 COCHR.sup.2 COR.sup.3 in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are the same as defined above with fluorine (F.sub.2) in at least one solvent selected from the group consisting of halogenated hydrocarbons having 1 to 5 carbon atoms and nitrile compounds, or in a solvent in the presence of a salt, or an acid having pKa of 6 or less.

Abstract: Compound mixtures varying from liquids to solids can be prepared via a Michael reaction so that (1) their molecules correspond to the formula Z--C(E)E').sub.p --Q.sub.s wherein Z is alkyl, cycloalkyl, or --(CTT'--CT"G).sub.w --CTT'--CHT"G; Q is --(CTT'--CT"G).sub.t --CTT'--CHT"G; T, T', and T" are independently selected from hydrogen, G', and hydrocarbyl or predominantly hydrocarbyl organic groups containing up to 10 carbons, with the proviso that at least one of T, T', and T" must be hydrogen; E, E', G, and G' are independently selected from --COOR, --C(O)R', and --CN electron withdrawing groups in which R and R' represent alkyl or cycloalkyl groups of up to 10 carbons; p is zero or one; s is respectively two or one; and each of t and w represents zero or a positive integer and (2) at least 25% of the molecules contain at least three G groups.

Abstract: Novel dialkyl 2-haloethyl malonates are prepared from a dialkyl cyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxylate by reaction with a hydrogen halide in the presence of a 1,2-dialkoxy ethane as a solvent and of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel process for preparing 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid hydrochloride (ACC.multidot.HCl) of the formula ##STR1## ACC.multidot.HCl is prepared from a cyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxylic acid diester via an 1-aminocarbonylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid ester intermediate and an alkali metal salt or alkaline earth metal salt of 1-aminocarbonylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid. The process represents a simplification and gives improved product yields.

Abstract: A process for preparing polyfluorochloro- and perfluorocarbonyl chlorides, for example for preparing perfluoropropionyl chloride, chlorodifluoroacetyl chloride or trifluoroacetyl chloride, in which starting materials are employed which have a CHCl.sub.2 group which is converted to a C(O)Cl group by photochemical oxidation with oxygen in the presence of added elemental chlorine and under exposure to activating irradiation by light having a wavelength .lambda..gtoreq.290 nm. The procedure is preferably unpressurized. Outstanding conversions with high selectivity are achieved using doped Hg light sources.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process to produce 1,3-diamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (DATB) or 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6,-trinitrobenzene (TATB) by:(a) reacting at ambient pressure and a temperature of between about 0.degree. and 50.degree. C. for between about 0.1 and 24 hr, a trinitroaromatic compound of structure V: ##STR1## wherein X, Y, and Z are each independently selected from --H, or --NH.sub.2, with the proviso that at least 1 or 2 of X, Y, and Z are hydrogen,with an amount effective to produce DATB or TATB of 1,1,1-trialkylhydrazinium halide wherein alkyl is selected from methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl and halide is selected from chloride, bromide or iodide.

Abstract: A novel sulfonium salt having at least one substituted aromatic group having acid labile groups and at least one nitrogenous aromatic group is provided. A chemically amplified, positive resist composition comprising the sulfonium salt as well as an alkali soluble resin and a dissolution inhibitor in an organic solvent has solved the PED problem.