Abstract: A rolling stand having a stand casing, a first cylinder holding packing having a rolling cylinder rotatably mounted therein, a second cylinder holding packing having a rolling cylinder rotatably mounted therein with a rolling axis in parallel relation to the rolling axis of the rolling cylinder of the first cylinder holding packing, and four tie rods positioned at respective comers of the stand casing and each having a right-hand screw and a left-hand screw threadedly connected respectively to the cylinder holding packings so as to move at least one of the packings relative to the other. One of the cylinder holding packings includes an external bridge part coupled to the tie rods at either the right-hand screw or the left-hand screw, an internal part directly receiving the cylinder therein and coupled to the tie rods along an unthreaded portion of each of the tie rods, and a fluid dynamic cylinder connected to the external bridge part and to the internal part.

Abstract: A calibration sample for a particle analyzer comprises a deposition tube containing a known distribution of submicron size particles. The sample is produced using a microwave discharge in a microwave chamber to generate particles from a feedstock gas at subambient pressure, transporting the particles downstream from the microwave chamber and depositing them on the tube. The downstream tubing can then be removed, stored, transported and used as a calibration sample. In subsequent use, gas flowing through the tube entrains particles from the inner wall, producing a particle-laden gas whose particle size distribution and composition are identical to that produced originally--even after storage for months. The sample, requiring no special equipment, can be used at remote sites to prove-in and calibrate particle analyzers.

Abstract: A digital bond tester operating at frequencies in the kHz range and relying upon vibrational modes which can excite all or substantial portions of the test object.

Abstract: A reliable gaseous hydrogen detection and measuring device which is simple, easy to use, does not require any reference gas supply, and which can be of reasonably rugged construction. The device utilizes a disc comprising a solid state ceramic hydronium conductor of the general formula Na(H.sub.3 O)Zr.sub.2 Si.sub.x P.sub.(3-x) O.sub.12 together with a silver based electrode system on one side, and a catalytic noble metal electrode, such as platinum, on the other. By measurement of the output voltage across the electrodes, both the presence, and the amount, of hydrogen in a gaseous system can be determined.

Abstract: A dewpoint sensor comprises a pressure vessel having an entry port, an exit port, and a temperature controlled plate. A quartz crystal resonator is housed within the pressure vessel and disposed in intimate contact with the temperature controlled plate. A temperature sensor is disposed to generate signals representative of the quartz crystal resonator temperature. Circuitry is coupled to the quartz crystal resonator and the temperature sensor, which circuitry is configured to control the temperature of the quartz crystal resonator, to measure the frequency of the quartz crystal resonator and to monitor the temperature signals and the frequency of the quartz crystal resonator when exposed to a flow between the entry port and the exit port so as to calculate a dewpoint value of the flow.

Abstract: A method of moisture measurement wherein a moisture responsive element is subjected to the measuring environment and its thermal capacitance or resistance temperature coefficient is measured. A system operates by cycling a sensor element between a first temperature and a second temperature and determining the sensor capacitance at each temperature. The sensor capacitance difference, corresponding to its temperature coefficient, is then compared to a previously compiled table of gas humidity or dew point versus capacitance increment values. The differential measurement thus made automatically corrects for systemic error originating in equipment drift, cable capacitance change and various aging and slow hysteresis or sensor capacitance variations.

Abstract: A method and device for sampling the pressure of inert purge gas flowing in two pipes to be welded at a joint comprising a sleeve for encircling the pipes during their coaxial alignment in end to end abutment, and an associated element with the sleeve forming a sealed chamber surrounding the joint and receiving gas that leaks out from the joint at the same pressure as the gas in the pipes, and a connection for connecting the chamber for measuring the pressure of the gas therein as an indication of the pressure of the gas flowing in the pipes; the method includes clamping the device around the pipes or sliding the pipes into the device.

Abstract: Microfluidic analyzers are used to sense a plurality of analytes in whole blood, diluted blood, plasma or serum. Additionally in the rapidly growing fields of cell culture growth and fermentation, it is often necessary to measure glucose, glutamine, lactate, NH3, phosphate and iron in micro-scale fluid flow analysis systems. The present application is directed to a fluid flow module that allows for analyte sample flow therethrough while providing a site for the location of a sensing element or elements therein to detect analyte presence and/or concentration. The module is designed for microfluidic flow rates and volumes and can be discarded after use with simple replacement by another module.

Abstract: A device for measuring the viscosity of a fluid includes a viscosensitive unit through which the fluid flows under laminar flow conditions, a first turbulent flow flowmeter in series with the viscosensitive unit, and a second turbulent flow flowmeter shunting at least the viscosensitive unit. The flowmeters are adapted to determine the head loss .DELTA.p and the flowrate q of the fluid through the viscosensitive unit, the dynamic viscosity .mu. being given by the equation .mu.=.DELTA.p/kq where k is a constant dependent on the viscosensitive unit. The device is applicable to accurate measurement of fluid volumes.

Abstract: A torsional cantilever is microfabricated for reduced size to increase its resonance frequency, increase its scanning speed, and permit fabrication of large numbers in an array to provide parallel scanning. The cantilever may incorporate a tip for highly sensitive force detection. The device preferably includes a cantilever arm and a counterbalance mounted on opposite sides of a laterally extending torsional beam fixed at its outer ends. Sensors detect rotation of the cantilever arm and may provide control of sensor locator through a feedback loop.

Abstract: There is disclosed a scanning probe microscope capable of producing a topographic image at a high resolution with a cantilever of a large spring constant and, at the same time, a surface potential image at a high resolution. This microscope can take the form of an atomic force microscope that detects the surface potential of a sample, using a gradient of the force acting between the probe tip and a sample. The gradient is represented by the output from a frequency-to-voltage converter. The frequency of an AC voltage applied across the probe tip and the sample is so set that a z-signal fed back to the cantilever to maintain constant the shift in the resonance frequency of the cantilever can sufficiently follow the AC voltage.

Abstract: A glide head for detecting anomalies on a flat surface of a recording disk includes a slider having a sensing edge extending generally radially of the disk and a piezoelectric transducer element attached to one face of the slider and extending therefrom in cantilever fashion. The transducer element is of segmented shape and has a pair of opposed surfaces facing towards and away from the disk surface with spaced electrodes being provided thereon so as to provide stress readings only at specific locations on the body of the transducer element chosen to accentuate particular vibrational modes induced by anomalies on the disk surface.

Abstract: A method of leak detection for an evaporative emission control system is provided which determines if a potential leak is present in a portion of the system. The method includes the steps of monitoring an engine shut-off event and subsequently sealing the evaporative emission control system atmospheric vent such that the evaporative emission control system's internal pressure is isolated from external influences, absent a leak. After sealing the system, the internal pressure of the system is monitored for changes which should occur upon the cooling of the evaporative emission control system components. That is, when the components cool, the pressure within the sealed system should decrease. If the internal pressure of the evaporative emissions control system reduces so as to create a vacuum, the methodology assesses that no leaks in the system are present.

Abstract: The subject matter of the present invention is a method and a device for capacitive liquid level measurement which are particularly suitable for determining liquid level between adhesive media 10, 11 of different conductivity. The known sensor principle is based on the fact that the environmentally dependent capacitance is measured between neighboring electrodes 13, 4; 4, 5; 5, 6 of a rod-shaped probe 1. According to the invention, the probe 1 has electrodes 4, 5, 6, 13 with covers 7 of different thicknesses d.sub.i. The effective thickness d.sub.s /.epsilon..sub.s of an insulating pollutant film 14 can then be determined by capacitance measurements between at least two pairs of electrodes 4, 5, 6, 13. The influence of a conductive pollutant film 14 on the capacitance signal can be eliminated by selection of at least one suitable measuring frequency.

Abstract: A system for assessing a user's movement capabilities creates an accurate simulation of sport to quantify and train several novel performance constructs by employing: proprietary optical sensing electronics for determining, in essentially real time, the player's positional changes in three or more degrees of freedom; and computer controlled sport specific cuing that evokes or prompts sport specific responses from the player. In certain protocols of the present invention, the sport specific cuing may be characterized as a "virtual opponent", that may be kinematically and anthropomorphically correct in form and action. Though the virtual opponent could assume many forms, the virtual opponent is responsive to, and interactive with, the player in real time without any perceived visual lag. The virtual opponent continually delivers and/or responds to stimuli to create realistic movement challenges for the player.

Abstract: The present invention is a compensation accelerometer comprising a separable housing, a sensitive element mounted in the housing on an elastic suspension element, an angle sensor, a servo amplifier and a momentum sensor. In the proposed accelerometer, the blade of the sensitive element, the elastic suspension element and the frame for securing the sensitive element in the housing (support frame) are all made from a single block of monocrystalline silicon. In addition, the two halves of the separable housing, between which is situated the support frame for the sensitive element, each take the form of a block and a cup-shaped magnetic circuit for the momentum sensor. The block is formed from silicon monocrystal of the same orientation as the sensitive element block. The coils of the momentum sensor are secured on the blade of the sensitive element via intermediate plates formed from a silicon monocrystal of the same orientation as the sensitive element block.

Abstract: The exact spring height as well as the spring pressure can be determined with a single arrangement for the optimal utilization of the axle loads of a multi-axle air spring suspended vehicle and to control the distance between the chassis and the axle. An air spring (2) is equipped with an ultrasonic pulse/echo measuring system. The air spring (2) includes a transmitter/receiver component (14) arranged on the chassis and a first reference electrode (20) and a reflector component (16) fixed to the axle. The air spring height can be determined in a conventional manner from the relative value of the running times of the ultrasonic pulses which are traversed on the reference path and the measuring path. A second reference reflector (22) is mounted at a different distance to the first reference reflector (20).

Abstract: An ultrasonic sensor includes an ultrasonic transmitter, an ultrasonic receiver and a support structure. First and second elongated tubes are mechanically coupled to and extend from the support structure. A first elongated waveguide is operably coupled to the ultrasonic transmitter and extends through the support structure and a bore in the first tube. The first waveguide is acoustically isolated from the support structure and first tube except at a distal portion of the first waveguide. A second elongated waveguide is operably coupled to the ultrasonic receiver and extends through the support structure and a bore in the second tube. The second waveguide is acoustically isolated from the support structure and the second tube except at a distal portion of the second waveguide. A measurement gap is located between the distal portions of the first and second waveguides.

Abstract: In a method of diagnosing the fatigue life of structural steelwork according to the present invention, a Barkhausen noise measurement is performed under the condition of 5 .mu.m.ltoreq.d.ltoreq.1 mm where d is the detection depth of Barkhausen noise, by using a magnetic head constituted by an air-core coil detection head and a magnetic excitation head obtained by winding a copper wire such as an enameled wire on a U-shaped core made of a soft magnetic material such as a silicon steel sheet or an amorphous magnetic material. The degree of fatigue damage of a target measurement portion is diagnosed using the root-mean-square (RMS) voltage or voltage amplitude value of the Barkhausen noise. According to this method, the degree of fatigue and degradation by stress and strain in the structural steelwork can be accurately diagnosed prior to development of cracking without any limitation on diagnostic locations.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for measuring a mass flow of a fluent material using the Coriolis measuring principle. The apparatus comprises an inlet tube positioned and configured to allow the fluent material to flow therethrough and into the apparatus. An impeller wheel rotates about a rotational axis. A motor is operatively connected to the impeller wheel and rotates the impeller about the rotational axis thereof. The impeller wheel is positioned with respect to the inlet tube such that the fluent material flowing through the inlet tube into the apparatus flows into a central area of the impeller. The impeller has vanes that redirect the fluent material flowing from the inlet tube into the central area of the impeller in a generally radial direction away from the central area as the impeller is being rotated by the motor.

Abstract: In order to raise the measuring accuracy of a Coriolis-type mass flow rate meter in a cost-effective fashion, the latter comprises a measuring tube (4), a subcircuit measuring circuit and a subcircuit exciting circuit. Two vibration sensors (17, 18) and a vibration exciting (16) are arranged on the measuring tube. The vibration sensor (17) is assigned the amplifier (v1) in the subcircuit measuring circuit, and the vibration sensor (18) is assigned the amplifier (v2). Downstream of the two amplifiers are the summing stage (ss1) with a downstream integrating stage (ig), and the difference stage (ds). Downstream of the integrating stage (ig), the difference stage and the amplifier (v1) are the A/D converters (aw1, aw2, aw3), following which the digital processor (dp) is connected; it supplies the digital mass signal (m) and/or the digital density signal (d), as well as the gain control signal (v) for the amplifier (v2).

Abstract: A hoisting apparatus, includes a handle positioned above a load-engaging member for grabbing by an operator to manually move and guide a load, a lifting mechanism positioned above the handle and operatively connected to the handle via a flexible transmission member, and a control unit for adjusting a lifting force generated by the lifting mechanism.

Abstract: A high-resolution pressure-sensing device is disclosed. The device includes an insulating flexible matrix having a plurality of filler particles. Application of a force to the matrix causes compression of the matrix. This results in the filler particles occupying a greater amount of space within the matrix relative to when no force is applied. A detector attached to the matrix detects or measures the volume of the filler particles relative to the volume of the matrix, and therefore determines the force applied to the matrix. Preferably, the resistivity of the matrix is inversely proportional to the volume percent of the filler particles, in which case the detector is a resistance-measuring circuit.

Abstract: A fluid sampling system has a fluid enclosing element, such as drift cell (60), enclosing a volume of a first fluid. A body of a second fluid, for example in an inlet chamber (62), communicates with the body of first fluid via a small orifice (74). A series of negative pressure pulses is applied to the first fluid by an electromechanical transducer (92), each negative pulse causing a sample of the second fluid to be drawn in through the orifice (74). The sample is then entrained into the air flow of a closed loop circulatory system, and can be detected or measured by any appropriate equipment such as an ion mobility spectrometer.

Abstract: A portal is provided for use with a detector for detecting trace amounts of contraband that may be retained on skin or clothing of the human subject. The portal relies upon the continuous process by which microscopic flakes of skin continuously separate from human subjects. The portal further relies upon the existence of a human thermal plume consisting of a layer of warm air adjacent the all human subject. The warm air rises in the cooler surrounding air and transports the microscopic flakes of skin upwardly. The portal capitalizes on this phenomenon by providing at least a partial enclosure with a funnel-shaped collector above the human subject. A low speed flow of relatively dense cool air may be introduced into the portal to buoyantly lift the warmer air of the human thermal plume upwardly. The air stream defined by the human thermal plume and the skin particles therein moves to a trap in the funnel-shaped collector above the portal.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for providing ultra accelerated natural sunlight exposure testing of samples under controlled weathering without introducing unrealistic failure mechanisms in exposed materials and without breaking reciprocity relationships between flux exposure levels and cumulative dose that includes multiple concurrent levels of temperature and relative humidity at high levels of natural sunlight comprising:a) concentrating solar flux uniformly;b) directing the controlled uniform sunlight onto sample materials in a chamber enclosing multiple concurrent levels of temperature and relative humidity to allow the sample materials to be subjected to accelerated irradiance exposure factors for a sufficient period of time in days to provide a corresponding time of about at least a years worth of representative weathering of the sample materials.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are presented for performing a wafer fabrication operation upon each of a plurality of semiconductor wafers which facilitate determination of a source of semiconductor wafer contaminants or defects. A wafer fabrication tool of the present invention includes a process chamber for processing a semiconductor wafer and a wafer handling system for transporting the semiconductor wafer between a wafer cassette and the process chamber. Semiconductor wafers contained within the wafer cassette are assigned numbers and processed one after another in a predetermined order. The wafer handling system is configurable to remove semiconductor wafers from the wafer cassette for processing in the predetermined order. One embodiment of the wafer handling system includes a mechanical hand for gripping a semiconductor wafer and a mechanical arm coupled to the mechanical hand for positioning the mechanical hand.

Abstract: A power takeoff of compact dimension yet capable of high horsepower output which includes a shifting mechanism, air actuated internally to connect internally aligned banks of splined gear members yet assures against inadvertent rotation of the output shaft without the need for a drag brake.

Abstract: A cam device comprises a cam, a follower and elastic means for causing the follower to follow the cam. The cam is in the form of a disk and has in a side surface thereof a cam groove having opposite open ends at the outer periphery of the cam. The cam outer periphery has a portion interconnecting opposite ends of a cam groove-defining inner side face which serves as a cam contour face. The follower carries a roller which fits in the cam groove and moves into contact with the cam contour face. The roller can be retained as positioned in contact with or away from the cam contour face.

Abstract: A drive unit provided with an end position recognition device includes a radially projecting cam (27) connected to a driveshaft (20) of the drive unit, for reducing the stroke travel of the unit. The radially projecting cam engages, from tooth to tooth, into the inner toothing of a ratchet wheel (110), rotatable about an axis of rotation (111) that is offset and parallel to an axis of the driveshaft (20). The end position recognition device can be retrofitted and is preferably capable of operating even in the case of emergency manual actuation. The cam (27) has a sufficient axial stroke lift such that, in the case of emergency manual actuation, it nonetheless meshes with the ratchet wheel (110) even when the driveshaft (20) is displaced axially.

Abstract: A coupling includes a sleeve (E) engaged to a lead screw .COPYRGT. on one end and to a power take-off shaft from an electric motor (D) on the other end. The lead screw (C) extends into an elongated housing (A) and is threadably received for rotation within a piston (B). An insert (F) is mounted in the sleeve (E) for maintaining respective opposite overlapping ends (G) of the lead screw and the power take-off shaft. The insert is constructed of machinable plastic capable of compensating for slight misalignment while providing resiliency and reduced problems resulting from thermal expansion and contraction of the parts.

Abstract: A multiple countershaft transmission including a housing containing at least two countershafts having parallel axes of rotation and being fixed against all movement except rotative with respect to the housing. The housing mounts an input shaft and a mainshaft having a common axis of rotation. The input shaft is free to rotate relative to the mainshaft. The input shaft and mainshaft are fixed against all movement except rotative with respect to the housing. The input shaft mounts an input gear for rotative movement therewith. The mainshaft extends through and mounts a plurality of mainshaft gears which are free to rotate with respect to the mainshaft. The rotational axes of the countershafts are parallel to, equidistant from, and preferably symmetrically spaced about the common input shaft, mainshaft rotational axis. Each mainshaft gear and the input gear meshes with an axially aligned gear on each countershaft. The gear tooth count within each set of axially aligned countershaft gears is identical.

Abstract: A shift control unit is provided in an electric-power-assist transmission which offers good operatability. A shift disabling unit employs a neutral-position detecting unit, a vehicle-speed judging unit, an engine-rotational-speed judging device, an OR circuit and an AND circuit. The neutral-position detecting unit is used for outputting an "H"-level signal to indicate that a gear is placed at a neutral position. The vehicle-speed judging unit generates an "H"-level signal for a speed of a vehicle equal to or higher than 10 km/h. On the other hand, the engine-rotational-speed judging device generates an "H"-level signal for a rotational speed of an engine equal to or higher than 3,000 rpm. The OR circuit generates an "H"-level signal when the vehicle-speed judging unit generates an "H"-level signal or the engine-rotational speed judging device generates an "H"-level signal.

Abstract: A column shift adapter is provided for a robotic test driving mechanism. The shift adapter includes first and second clamp blocks adjustably mounted to a base plate. The clamp blocks receive the shift lever through openings provided therein and are tightened down in order to securely mount the shift adapter to the shift lever. The base plate is designed to give way under excessive forces so that damage to the robotic test driving mechanism or the shift lever of the vehicle is avoided.

Abstract: The operation of a clutch in the power train of a motor vehicle is regulated by an electronic control unit which receives signals from sensors and effects an engagement or partial or full disengagement of the clutch by way of an actuator. One of the sensors can monitor one or more parameters of a gear ratio selecting device for the change-speed transmission in the power train, and another sensor can monitor one or more parameters of an adjusting device which shifts the transmission into a selected gear. The control unit processes the incoming signals to ascertain the selected gear of the transmission and/or the driver's intent to shift the transmission into a particular gear, and operates the actuator for the clutch accordingly.

Abstract: A gear-drive assembly between an input shaft (17, 117) and an output shaft (10, 110) comprises a ring gear (12, 112) having a peripheral portion provided with corresponding and opposite toothings (14, 15, 114, 115) on the two faces thereof. Meshing with each toothing (14, 15, 114, 115) is a pinion of a pair of pinions (16, 25, 116, 125) carried by parallel shafts (17, 22, 117, 122) interconnected with each other by a driving gear (20, 21, 120, 121) to rotate at the same speed and in opposite ways. One of said parallel shafts is the power-input shaft (17, 117). The ring gear (12, 112) is carried by the output shaft (10, 110) in a floating manner to vary the distance of its toothings (14, 15, 114, 115) from the axis of the pinions (16, 25, 116, 125).

Abstract: A tip of the shift lever 5 is connected with the head member 10 and is freely swingable in the up and down directions around the second swing center axis 12 and is made integrally with the head member 10 to swing freely in the right and left directions around the first swing center axis 6. While the click ball 18 in a tip of the head member 10 is pushed against the click groove 19, the rotating position of the shift lever 5 is engaged with any one position of the neutral N, the first forward position F1, the second forward position F2, the first reverse position R1, or the second reverse position R2 and the shift switch is changed corresponding to each position by the tip of the head member 10.

Abstract: A manual quick change tool changer, said tool changer including a master plate. The master plate connected to a rotatable sprocket with the sprocket having a plurality of teeth. A thrust bearing engaging the sprocket. A handle connected to the sprocket such that the handle moves a predetermined distance. The tool changer further including a secondary plate that mates with the master plate. The secondary plate further including a plurality of leaves such that the plurality of teeth from the master plate locks underneath the leaves of the secondary plate to secure the master plate to the secondary plate.

Abstract: A parking brake control having an improved release rod assembly comprising a release rod and a pawl. The pawl can be retained by the release rod so that the release rod and pawl can be stored and transported as a subassembly. Compression force is transmitted coplanarly from the release rod to the pawl. The release rod can be molded as a single piece and can dampen any rattling noise caused by contact between the release rod, the pawl and other parts of the parking brake control.

Abstract: A steering wheel is provided having a frame structure which is lightweight and excellent at absorbing shocks. The steering wheel comprises a boss mounted to a steering shaft, an annular-shaped grip frame which the driver gripped to steer the vehicle, and a base frame provided with the boss. A plurality of spoke frames extend from the grip frame toward the base frame. The plurality of spoke frames comprise first, second and third spoke frames. The first and second spoke frames are connected directly to the base frame. A connection member connects the third spoke frame and the base frame to each other. The connection member comprises a straight portion which extends to intersect the third spoke frame and is provided with first and second ends. Intermediate sections extend from the first and second ends of the straight portion, respectively, toward the base frame. Bent elbows connect the respective intermediate sections to the base frame.

Abstract: An adjustable foot support for an automotive vehicle, having at least one adjustable actuating foot pedal movable between forward and rear pedal adjustment positions to accommodate varying leg lengths of various operators, includes a normally stationary foot rest for optionally resting a foot of a vehicle operator during periods of inactivity and foot rest adjusting means for selectively adjusting said foot rest between stationary forward and rear foot rest adjustment positions to position the foot rest in a comfortable position that accommodates the varying leg lengths of various operators. The adjusting means may be a powered linkage and is optionally movable in concert with the adjustment linkage of an associated pedal, such as a brake pedal.

Abstract: A multi-functional cam system for controlling movement of a portion of a machine performing repetitive operations. A cam has a contour designed to control at least two different sequences of motion for a mechanism driven by the cam. The desired sequence of motion is obtained by registering the cam on its shaft to the position corresponding with that sequence of motion, then locking the position of the cam relative to the shaft. The mechanism that attaches the cam to the shaft includes a two-part hub, the two parts being axially clampable, a sleeve attached to the cam, the sleeve having a portion that is clamped between the hub parts, and a radially expandable locking device operating between the first hub part and the shaft. The clocking mechanism includes a sleeve tab extending axially from the sleeve, and at least two hub tabs extending radially from the first hub part.

Abstract: Connection piece for connecting a housing (4) of a drive unit (2) with a housing (5) of a compressor element (1). The connection piece is provided with ribs (12) over at least a part of its wall, the height of the ribs (12) being at least equal to one and a half times a thickness of the part of the wall upon which the rib is standing and the thickness of the ribs (12), half-way up the height, being equal to at least half of the thickness of the part of the wall. The ribs (12) form a pattern which divides the wall into adjacent wall segments (13) which have a first characteristic mode for bending that has a resonant frequency which excludes excitation by substantially all excitation frequencies up to and including a highest of the compressor element (1).

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a drill bit or other drilling-related structure used for drilling into subterranean formations is herein disclosed where a blank is formed by placing a ferrous metal powder such as steel into a mold, sintering the ferrous metal powder to form a preformed blank, packing an abrasion- and erosion-resistant material such as tungsten carbide powder around the preformed blank, and infiltrating the preformed blank and tungsten carbide with a common binder such as a copper-based binder. For some materials, during sintering, the preformed blank may shrink in size relative to the mold enough to provide space between the mold and the preformed blank for a layer of abrasion- and erosion-resistant material. With other materials, a separate blank mold may be used to form the sintered blank which can then be inserted into the mold for infiltration.

Abstract: A portable corkscrew has a body provided with an axial stepped hole where a plunger assembly has been housed and provided with a housing in which a cap appears which, at its lower end, supports a helicoidal rod, while at its upper face it leans against a spherical surface housed in a hole formed in a piece internal to the plunger and provided with a transverse hole to which a manually actuable external lever has been articulated by a pin, the plunger being further provided with two lateral holding elements which at its upper side end are pivotally articulated by means of respective axles against the action of associated springs while the lower ends of these holding elements have been shaped as hooks with their spikes being outwardly directed, this assembly being capable of longitudinal displacement when the mentioned external lever is manually operated.

Abstract: A wrench for removing stud bolts that are damaged in place, lost the bolt head and/or the bolt shank is broken, basically including a socket assembly having a housing with upper and annular walls, a tubular handle assembly and gripping toothed dog members removably mounted inside the socket assembly. The annular wall has an inner cam-shaped surface with cam members inwardly protruded that limit the angular displacement of the gripping toothed dog members when a user actuates the handle assembly. The gripping toothed dog members are arcuate including a plurality of inwardly projected gripping teeth that grasp the exposed surface of the damaged stud bolt when the user pushes and rotates the wrench assembly.

Abstract: A main valve and a manual operating valve cooperatively control the compressed air supplied to an air motor and a piston. The main valve is responsive to the compressed air supplied from the manual operating valve via an air passage. An orifice is provided in the air passage to reduce the speed of the compressed air supplied to the main valve so that the shift movement of the main valve is delayed when the manual operating valve is closed.

Abstract: An adjustable socket has a number of selectable socket size openings available. It includes a drive member, an indexing collar positioned within the drive member, and an axially moveable drive core positioned within the drive member that is manually rotatable to different positions corresponding to the selected socket size openings. There are a series of teeth on the drive core and the drive core has a cam surface with guide elements. Jaw members mounted to the drive member to move laterally between fixed lateral positions upon rotation of the drive core, each fixed lateral position corresponding to a selected socket size opening.

Abstract: A screw-driving apparatus has a sprocket (21) causing the belt (70) to intermittently advance, and the sprocket is rotatably held on a transverse shaft (26) supported in a side wall of a slider (2) perpendicularly to a driver bit (7). The sprocket (21) is driven by a ratchet wheel (22) rotated by a pawl (24) swingably connected to a bell crank (23), the ratchet wheel (22) coaxial with the sprocket rotating only in one direction along with the sprocket. The bell crank (23) located near the sprocket is rockably held on the slider (2) and its one arm normally protrudes upwards to engage with a shoulder (35) formed in an upper wall of a casing (1), and the pawl (24) is pivoted to the bell crank's other arm.

Abstract: A boring tool for use with compacted graphite iron materials includes at least one self-propelled rotating cutter insert. The insert is carried in a cartridge in which the insert is rotatable about is axis which is a secondary axis relative to a boring tool body in which the cartridge is mountable and which is rotatable about a primary axis. In the tool, the insert has its cutting point most distant from the tool axis that is the location at which axial and radial rake angles are defined to assure that the insert rotates during boring about its axis in the correct direction and at sufficient speed to assure cooling of the insert.