Abstract: A chair back comprises a rear surface, a front surface spaced from the rear surface and a side extending between the front and rear surfaces; a lumbar support member positioned between the front and rear surfaces and mounted for vertical movement with respect to the chair back and for forward movement with respect to the front surface; a first control member positioned on the rear surface of the chair back for adjusting the forward movement of the lumbar support member; and, a second control member positioned adjacent one of the sides of the chair back for adjusting the vertical height of the lumbar support member.

Abstract: A seat includes a base having a block extended rearward for forming a pair of notches. The block has two side extensions extended inward of the notches of the base. A plate has an opening formed between two legs for receiving the block and has two pins engaged into the extensions for rotating the plate relative to the base between a vertical position and a folded position. The pins may be engaged into the notches of the base for securing the plate at the vertical position. The legs each has a stop engaged with the extensions for retaining the plate to the base.

Abstract: A seat comprising side uprights (110, 110′), a seat (120) and a back (130). It also includes a primary interlocking system (111, 111′) to attach the side uprights in a roughly perpendicular fashion to the seat, a second interlocking system (122) to attach the seat in a roughly perpendicular fashion to the back, a wedge system (150) positioned between the back and the side uprights, and fasteners to lock the wedge system to the back and side uprights. Once the seat, uprights and back are interlocked, the whole assembly is held together by assembling the wedge system and fixing it in position using the fasteners.

Abstract: A seat frame supporting a seat cushion pad formed in a predetermined shape and engaging a skin for covering the pad includes a first roll formed frame having a closed rectangular cross sectional shape and formed so as to extend along the front edge and both side edges of the pad and a second roll formed frame having a closed rectangular cross sectional shape and formed so as to extend along the rear edge of the pad. Both end portions of the first roll formed frame and both end portions of the second roll formed frame are connected to each other. Accordingly, the strength of the seat frame is improved without increasing the weight of the seat frame.

Abstract: This invention comprises a laterally extending spreader pan having a short longitudinal dimension of about six inches, pivotally mounted on a lateral shaft secured to a trailer or truck box adjacent to the rear edge of the box floor. The spreader pan is pivotable between an operating position where the pan is substantially co-planar with the floor of the truck or trailer box and a non-operating position where the spreader pan is pivoted downward to a position that is substantially normal to the box floor and which does not extend beyond the rear edge of the truck or trailer box. An operating lever is provided on the lateral shaft with the free end of the lever connected to the plunger of a pneumatic cylinder controlled from the cab of the truck. When the plunger is extended the shaft and spreader pan is rotated or pivoted upwardly into its operating position, co-planar with the floor of the box.

Abstract: The go kart wheel assembly comprises a hub assembly, including a hub, a tire mounted on the hub and a hub cover. The hub includes an outboard peripheral flange and a single hole for receiving a first fastening fastener and at least one projection for cooperating with corresponding projections on the hub cover. The hub cover has at least one projection for cooperative engagement in abating relation internally with each of the at least one projections on the hub. The hub cover is adapted to be visually distinguished from a sidewall of a tire adjacent to the hub cover. Finally, the hub cover is positioned thereby to prevent entering of water into the hub assembly of the go kart wheel assembly at least approximately in a plane which includes the outboard peripheral flange on the hub and is securely held.

Abstract: A metal spoke for a cycle wheel having a tapered body and two ends respectively for the fastening to a hub and a rim. The tapered portion of the spoke is smooth and exempt from threading over its entire length; the spoke has at each of its ends an enlarged head; and a recessed fastening screw is mounted in free rotation between the two enlarged heads. The spoke is made from a light alloy shaped in the annealed state, then heat treated by tempering. The invention also relates to a wheel having a rim, a hub and spokes.

Abstract: A wheel mounting arrangment, which includes a wheel shaft having a locating block at one end fitted into a locating hole on a leg at a golf club carrier, and lever turned about a pivot at the leg and engaged into a transverse positioning groove at the locating block of the wheel shaft to lock the wheel shaft, wherein the pivot is disposed in parallel to the wheel shaft, and the lever is turned about the pivot in direction perpendicular to the wheel shaft, the wheel shaft has two guide slopes at two opposite lateral sides of the transverse positioning grooves for guiding the locking block of the lever into the locking position; the locating hole of the leg has a diameter gradually increased toward the outside of the leg, and the locating block of the wheel shaft has an outer diameter fitting the diameter of the locating hole.

Abstract: A conversion system enables a locomotive equipped with a conventional pneumatic brake control system to control braking on a train whose railcars each have electrically controlled pneumatic (ECP) brake equipment. The conversion system includes a power conversion mechanism, a signal conversion mechanism and two pressure reduction circuits. The power conversion mechanism converts battery voltage received from a power trainline of the locomotive to a predetermined nominal voltage. Made available to an ECP trainline that runs along the railcars, the predetermined nominal voltage is used to power the ECP brake equipment on each railcar in the train. The signal conversion mechanism converts the pneumatic brake commands carried in the brake pipe of the locomotive into electrical brake commands corresponding thereto. Transmitted along the ECP trainline, the electrical brake commands control the ECP brake equipment on each railcar and the braking effort deliverable thereby.

Abstract: A brake system for a motor vehicle includes a pedal unit through which activations of a brake pedal are sensed, two central units and electromechanical brake actuators assigned to wheels. Sensor signals are transmitted to the central units by the pedal unit. In the central units, brake engagement setpoint values are calculated and serially encoded together with the sensor signals, and control signals for supplementary brake functions are generated. The encoded signals are each transmitted to two respective brake actuators through data buses. The control units of the brake actuators make a majority decision and control the brake actuators accordingly.

Abstract: An hydraulic braking system of the brake-by-wire type has an hydraulic pressure source comprising an hydraulic accumulator adapted to be charged by a pump. An accumulator isolating valve is so positioned and biased to correspond to the direction of flow from the accumulator to a solenoid-operated proportional valve. The valve is biased into a closed position in opposition to the flow from the pump to the accumulator.

Abstract: A hydraulic brake system includes a solenoid valve with a pressure-limiting function to such effect that a stroke movement of a valve tappet, which can be fulfilled in response to the electromagnetic control force, is variable by the action of a hydraulic control force. A first pressure fluid channel is connected to the hydraulic pressure generator and opens into the valve housing proximate the valve tappet, and a second pressure fluid channel opens into the valve housing remote from the valve seat and the valve tappet. The second pressure fluid channel is connected to a pump and at least one wheel brake and is connectable to the first pressure fluid channel depending on the position of the tappet. The hydraulic pressure of the braking pressure generator acts upon an actuating member which counteracts the closing movement of the valve tappet.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hydraulically actuated cutoff valve which is provided as an intake valve for switching between a master cylinder and an intake side of a feed pump of a slip-controlled vehicle brake system. The invention sets forth that the cutoff valve is embodied with a valve closing body that has a valve tappet which passes through an annular actuating element and is in engagement with a rocker element embodied as a cup spring, which rests on an annular pivot bearing. If the actuating element is acted upon by pressure, it presses down an outer edge of the rocker element, and as a result a middle of the actuating element executes a pivoting motion in the opposite direction that closes the cutoff valve. The invention has the advantage of an economical cutoff valve that has only a small number of components, and the invention can be used in a hydraulic vehicle brake system.

Abstract: A rodlike magnet valve having a magnetic part which is surrounded by a coil for actuating the valve. The magnet valve can be inserted into a receiving bore of a hydraulic block of a slip-controlled vehicle brake system. For fast, economical manufacture of the magnet valve, the magnet valve has a rotationally symmetrical base body, which has a through bore and a securing flange, as an extruded part without undercuts or tapered features. Along with the advantage of enabling fast, inexpensive manufacture of its base body, the magnet valve has the further advantage that the base body can be made from an economical reforming steel, which can be readily welded for fluid-tight mounting of a valve dome.

Abstract: A braking force control apparatus adapted to generate a braking force, which is larger than that generated in a regular case, when a predetermined braking operation is carried out, this apparatus aiming at preventing the occurrence of an unnecessarily large sensible deceleration during a low-speed travel of a vehicle. ECU (10) is adapted to judge whether or not an emergency braking operation has been executed on the basis of a master cylinder pressure (Pmc) and its rate of change (dPmc). When a judgement that an emergency braking operation has been carried out is given, a wheel cylinder pressure (Pwc) is quickly increased by supplying an accumulator pressure to the wheel cylinder. When a vehicle speed exceeds a predetermined level during the execution of the emergency braking operation, the wheel cylinder pressure (Pwc) is speedily increased (116, 118) by a braking assist regular control operation.

Abstract: This relates to a brake force control apparatus that executes a brake assist control, which generates, when a driver performs an emergency braking, a brake force greater than that generated at a normal time. The brake force control apparatus is inhibited from being unnecessarily executed at the time of traveling a rough road or passing a step. When it is determined, based on an operation of a brake pedal, that an emergency braking is performed, it is determined whether the road on which the vehicle is traveling is a rough road (step 114). If the road is not rough, it is further determined whether the vehicle is passing a step (step 116). The brake assist control is executed only when it is determined that the vehicle is not passing a step (steps 118-126).

Abstract: A switching cabinet with two side walls, a back wall, a bottom side and a cover side and with frame pieces which, at least in part, are formed by multiple beveling of the side walls, the back wall, the bottom side or the cover side in the inner space of the switching cabinet, where the sections formed by beveling have a section which is inclined or parallel to the plane of the corresponding side wall, the back wall, the bottom side or the cover side and is at a distance from these. Extended mounting capabilities are offered by the fact that the inclined or parallel sections of two bordering walls standing perpendicular to one another or of a wall and a side of the switching cabinet are assigned to one another in such a way that they form a deepened inside receptacle in the inside space of the switching cabinet.

Abstract: An ink jet printing apparatus has a station for dyeing a thread for embroidering by discharging ink onto the thread from an ink jet head. According to one aspect of the invention, a printing controller controls the amount of ink discharged per unit time onto the thread according to the speed of relative movement of the thread and the ink jet head. Another aspect of the invention accounts for the length of non-usable thread per unit time between an ink jet printing unit and the tip of an embroidery needle in an embroidery machine.

Abstract: An apparatus for leaving space between paper and a head of an ink-jet printer includes a plurality of paper insertion angle change ribs located in front of a paper guide for controlling the paper raised. The paper guide is mounted at the front side of a deflector guide of the head. Therefore, the angle of the paper inserted to the head is changed, as the place where the paper curls up is changed. As a result, maximum space between the paper and the head is attained. The head is not contacted with the paper, and thus is not stained with ink on the paper so that there is the improvement of reliability of products.

Abstract: Ink jet printing apparatus for forming an ink image on a receiver in response to a digital image includes at least one moveable ink jet print bar which is adapted to deliver ink to the receiver at an image transfer position to print at least a portion of a line at a time across the width of the receiver. The receiver is moved along a path past the ink jet print bar at the image transfer position. A detector unit disposed adjacent to the path detects receiver skew relative to the ink jet print bar and producing a signal representative of the receiver skew. Alignment structure coupled to the print bar is responsive to the signal for adjusting the position of the print bar to compensate for receiver skew, and a control unit is responsive to the digital image after the ink jet print bar has been positioned for actuating the ink jet print bar to form an ink image on the receiver. The alignment structure may also position the print bar to change the image resolution.

Abstract: An ink jet printer performs adjustments such that even if the ink ejection speed decreases, the ink droplet landing position on a recording sheet will not deviate. Based on the ink droplet transit time between ejection of an ink droplet and the landing thereof on the recording sheet, and the moving speed of the print head carriage, a control unit controls the time of applying a drive voltage to a piezoelectric element of a print head so that an ejected ink droplet lands at a predetermined position on the recording sheet being conveyed. During printing, the control unit receives a pulse signal from an encoder and detects the reception time thereof. The control unit then determines the next reception time by adding to the previous time, an encoder signal period based on the signals received. The control unit also determines an ink droplet transit time which depends on the characteristics of the piezoelectric elements, the power-on time, and the like.

Abstract: A liquid ink printing system for printing images having different grayscales through control of a printhead carriage velocity and the number of drops deposited per pixel location. The liquid ink printing system prints from print data an image on a recording medium including pixel locations being deposited with liquid ink drops. The printing system includes a printhead, including a plurality of drop ejectors, for depositing the liquid ink drops, a scanning carriage, coupled to the printhead, for moving the printhead across the recording medium, and a print driver, operatively coupled to the scanning carriage and to the printhead, for controlling the scanning carriage to move at a plurality of velocities, each of the plurality of velocities being associated with one of a plurality of grayscales. Each of the plurality of grayscales is characterized by a maximum number of ink drops deposited at one of the pixel locations.

Abstract: A method for determining an integrated nucleation probability in a jet recording method using thermal energy, wherein a nucleation rate dependent on a temperature of ink is integrated with time from start of heating of the ink in a predetermined region on a heater for heating the ink.

Abstract: A replaceable inkjet printhead service module is provided for each separate inkjet printhead. When the printhead for a particular color ink such as cyan has reached the end of its life cycle and requires replacement, the corresponding printhead service module can also be replaced. The printhead service module includes a handle to facilitate manual mounting in a service station carriage which includes identical individual spring-loaded slots with datum guides for securely holding the service module. The service station carriage moves from a user-accessible position for mounting/removing the service module, to various other printhead servicing positions in the path of the printhead carriage.

Abstract: A recording apparatus includes a recording head having an ink ejection outlet for ejecting ink in response to recording data received from a main body of an information processing apparatus. A recover operation is performed on the recording head for restoring ink ejection and for preventing ink ejection failure, in response to a command from the main body of the information processing apparatus.

Abstract: An ink jet recording apparatus includes a carriage on which is mountable a recording head provided with discharge ports to discharge ink and which is movable to move the head, a movable cap to cover the discharge ports, and a pump to suck ink from the discharge ports through the cap when the cap covers the discharge ports. A controller controls the recording head to wait for a given period of time in a position facing the cap before the carriage is moved to carry the recording head, subsequent to suction by the pump and separation of the cap from the recording head. This arrangement reduces the possibility that a recording material will be stained by ink following a suction of ink by the pump.

Abstract: A recovery device is described for use with a recording head of an ink jet recording apparatus. The recording head is mounted on a carriage which can reciprocate. The recovery device includes a cap for capping an ink discharge portion of the recording head when not in use, and a wiper for wiping out the ink discharge portion with a movement of the carriage. The wiper is disposed outside the cap relative to the recording area. The recording head does not pass through an area occupied by the wiper when the recording head performs a predischarge with respect to the cap during recording.

Abstract: A multi-tiered, multi-faceted, anti-flicking wiper scraper system cleans an inkjet printhead wiper without flicking or splattering ink residue onto other components in an inkjet printing mechanism. This system includes a scraper apparatus supported by a service station frame to contact the wiper through relative motion of the wiper and scraper apparatus. The scraper apparatus may take the form of two scraper bars which extend into the path of the wiper, with the first scraper bar being shorter than the second scraper bar, and with the first scraper bar being rigidly or pivotally supported by the frame. The scraper apparatus may be a unitary body defining two ramped wiping surfaces joined at an apex portion of the body, or a body having a scraping surface covered with a series of ridges. A method is also provided to clean ink residue from an inkjet printhead.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method and apparatus for accomplishing inkjet printing. One aspect of the present invention is an inkjet printhead for use in an inkjet printing system for depositing ink on media. The inkjet printhead has a plurality of drop generators disposed on the printhead that are responsive to first and second select signals for selectively depositing ink on media. The inkjet printhead includes a plurality of contacts for receiving first and second select signals from the inkjet printing system.

Abstract: The sub-scan feed is carried out by a fixed amount of F dots. When is set equal to k dots (where k is an integer of not less than 3), a number of used nozzles N in the course of one main scan (where N is an integer of not less than 3) and parameters Na, Nb, Nb, m, and L satisfy Equations: (1)−(4), (1) N=Na+Nb, (2) Na=m×k±1, (3) Nb=Rd(L×Na÷k), (4) F=Na, where Na is the number of basic nozzels, Nb is the number of additional nozzels, m is an integer of not less than 1, L is an integer satisfying a relation of 1≦L<k, and an operator Rd( ) denotes an operation of rounding a decimal fraction in parentheses.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved ink jet pen for an ink jet printer. The pen includes a pen body having raised end walls, a recessed substantially planar portion between the end walls containing two or more printheads and flexible circuits therefor, the flexible circuits being attached to the pen body in the recessed portion between the raised end walls. A polymeric material is disposed between adjacent flexible circuits in the recessed portion having a height sufficient to protect a wiper from damage from exposed edges of the flexible circuits between adjacent printheads during a printhead cleaning operation. The improved pen lends itself to simplified manufacturing processes yet provides enhanced mechanical protection of the wiper and critical electrical structures and enhanced corrosion resistance from ink.

Abstract: An electrostatic actuator comprising opposing electrode members displaced relatively by an electrostatic force is provided with improved durability so that electrostatic attraction between opposing members does not drop and the opposing electrode members do not stick together. Hydrophobic films of hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) are formed on a surface of segment electrode and a bottom surface of a diaphragm (common electrode) of an eletrostatic actuator wherein the diaphragm forms a wall of an ink chamber in an ink jet head. HMDS molecules are smaller than PFDA molecules, and a uniform, variation-free hydrophobic film can therefore be formed even when the gap between opposing electrodes is narrow. Durability and film stability of a HMDS hydrophobic film are also high. An electrostatic actuator with high durability and operating stability can thus be achieved.

Abstract: An inkjet recording apparatus includes a plurality of ejection electrodes and a counter electrode which are controlled at predetermined intervals such that a first voltage pulse is applied to a selected ejection electrode depending on input data and a second voltage pulse is applied to the counter electrode in synchronization with the first voltage pulse. The first and second voltage pulses produce a voltage difference between the selected ejection electrode and the second electrode, wherein the voltage difference is not smaller than a predetermined threshold voltage which is a minimum value which causes ejection of particulate matter from the selected ejection electrode.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing plural liquid jet recording heads, each head having a substrate with ejection energy generating elements corresponding to liquid passages and a liquid supply groove for supplying liquid to the liquid passages, by preparing a base member on which the ejection energy generating elements are disposed corresponding to the substrates, forming in the base member by dicing a groove common to the plural substrates, and cutting the base member into the substrates such that each of substrates has the liquid supply groove, and the liquid supply groove of each of the substrates is a portion of the common groove.

Abstract: Segment terminal electrodes for connecting to the segment terminals of TCP and common terminal electrodes at both ends in a direction in which these segment terminal electrodes are arranged are formed on the surface of an actuator unit and the common terminal electrodes at both ends of each row are connected via conductive members. Each grounding conductor on TCP is mutually connected via each common terminal electrode component on the actuator unit. Therefore, the common terminal electrodes on plural actuator units can conduct to grounding conductors.

Abstract: A printhead carriage for an ink jet printer having a plurality of printhead stalls therein and a printhead holddown cover having spring biased printhead holddown plungers on the underside of the cover and equal volume fluid passageways in the cover for conducting fluid from fluid inlets on said cover exposed to atmosphere to printheads in the stalls. An arcuately moveable air pump is engageable with one of a number of arcuately positioned inlets to the passageways in the carriage cover to enable a single pump to selectively apply positive pressure to prime each of the printheads in a desired sequence.

Abstract: When bubbles affecting the performance of spitting ink are generated in an ink reservoir, the bubbles are completely removed to attain a state full of ink without bubbles of the ink reservoir. An inkjet head comprising an ink tank, an ink reservoir having a nozzle array, and an ink supply path for introducing ink from the ink tank into the ink reservoir is characterized in that, with the ink supply path being closed and with a vent hole for making the ink reservoir in communication with the external being open, an ink suction device introduces the outside air via the vent hole into the ink reservoir to which negative pressure is applied by the suction of ink, while ink in the ink reservoir is sucked out to the external via a suction path.

Abstract: An ink lyophilic layer 6c is formed on the upstream face of a filter member 6, so that an air bubble B1 will form a contact angle that is larger than one that is formed at the downstream face and that is substantially a right angle, and so that the retention force of meniscuses M formed at small holes 6b in the filter member 6 is reduced, enabling an air bubble B1 to more easily pass through the filter member 6.

Abstract: A carriage for housing an ink cartridge as a source of supply of ink to an ink-jet printhead for an ink-jet printer comprises a snap hook for locking engagement with a lock lever that is pivotally supported by a case. The hook includes a cantilever fixed at one end to a sidewall of the case and a head for engagement with the lock lever. The cantilever is elastically inclined by said lock lever and allowed to snap back toward its unstressed state to put the head into a window of the lock lever into frictional engagement with a predetermined surface of a knob of the lock lever. For releasing this engagement, manually pressing the cantilever to incline the cantilever causes the head to move the knob until the window comes into registry with the head.

Abstract: An ophthalmic apparatus comprising a detecting device for detecting information of an eye to be examined, a first memory which is capable of storing a plurality of calibration information which is used for calibrating a result detected by the detecting device, and a second memory for storing the eye information, with associating the calibration information at the time of detecting with the eye information which is detected by the detecting device.

Abstract: To provide a cornea shape measuring apparatus which is possible, without making the entire apparatus larger-scaled, to increase the number of transparent ring-shaped patterns and project the ring-shaped patterns over the wide range of the cornea of the subject's eye, and the distance between the outermost transparent ring-shaped pattern and the cornea of the subject's eye is made substantially the same as the distance between the inner transparent ring-shaped pattern and the cornea of the subject's eye to enable obtainment of sufficient illuminating quantity of light with a minimum light source.

Abstract: A projector includes: imaging members producing primary color light images; an illumination optical system for illuminating the imaging members; an image combining optical system for combining the color light images; and a projection optical system for projecting a combined color light image onto a screen. The illumination optical system includes a beam splitter for splitting a visible light beam into two components having perpendicular polarization directions; a converter for making the polarization directions of the components coincide; and a color separator for separating light from the converter into rays of the plurality of primary colors. The beam splitter can have a first transparent base; a second transparent base; and a polarizing multilayered film placed between the first and second transparent bases.

Abstract: A projection display apparatus comprises a modulator, an analyzer, and projecting optical system. The modulator includes two-dimensionally arrayed pixel units and it modulates an incident light and emits the modulated light. The analyzer analyzes the emitted light from the modulator. The projection optical system projects the analyzed light from the analyzer. The analyzer includes a polarized beam splitter having a pair of prisms and an adhesive layer held between the pair of prisms. The difference in thickness between thin and thick portions of the adhesive layer is set equal to a predetermined value or less, based on a pixel pitch of the modulator.

Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid crystal display projector with a lens protecting device capable of protecting and positioning lens of liquid crystal display projector. The lens protecting device of the invention comprises a cover, a top housing, a bottom housing, an actuating device, a plurality of springs and a mirror, where the lens is secured in the top housing and the actuating device also is connected to the top housing. Moreover, the mirror is located in the cover, and the top housing and the bottom housing are connected to each other by said springs. Further, the cover can be connected to the top housing or the projector with at least one hinge and projection of the projector is adjusted by only rotating the cover around the hinge. When the top housing is gradually covered by the cover, the actuating device will touch the top housing and deform these springs such that the top housing is located into the LCD projector and the lens is located in the protecting position.

Abstract: Uniform irradiation of an entire region to be irradiated with polarized light for optical alignment of a liquid crystal cell element using a small polarization element is achieved by light, which contains UV radiation emitted from a lamp, being focused by an oval focusing mirror, and being incident via a first planar mirror and a polarization element using a multilayer film on an integrator lens which makes a uniform distribution of the portion of unpolarized light or the distribution of the illuminance of the polarized light in a certain direction and the distribution of the polarization direction. The extinction ratio of the polarized light emerging from the integrator lens is therefore made uniform over the entire region to be irradiated even if scattered light is incident on the polarization element. The light emerging from the integrator lens is incident on a bandpass filter via a shutter.

Abstract: An improved structure of electric luminescence night lamp comprises a main housing body, a electric luminescence piece and a top cover. The main housing body is provided with a receptacle at its front face for reception of the electric luminescence piece, and a plug on its back for connecting with power supply to lighten the electric luminescence piece. A rectangular opening formed at somewhere decent in the housing body is provided with lateral grooves and is sealed by a top cover with lateral tracks. The top cover is combined to the housing body by slipped the tracks into the grooves and is movable to open or close the rectangular opening, and moreover, the top cover is also provided with a plurality of anti-slip strips on its front face to prevent a finger from slipping when push it to move. In virtue of the top cover, a neighboring socket can be protected, or happening of unexpected dangers.

Abstract: A flashlight having a power source and a light source having a high intensity positioned in a power source frame. The flashlight further includes a power source frame housing that encloses the power source frame. The frame and the housing cooperate to secure and protect the internal components of the flashlight. The flashlight is further provided with side covers that have flat surfaces to receive markings or engravings. A switch is provided to activate the light source, the switch preferably providing tactile feedback to the user.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing an visual effect of increased depth is provided. The apparatus provides a reflection of an image applied to a substantially transparent panel to create the effect of increased distance between the panel and the reflective surface. The apparatus may be advantageously employed in terrariums, vivariums, aquariums, merchandise displays, timepieces, instrument panels, display boards and the like.

Abstract: A light producing source for a collimating reflector type flashlight is explained. At least one light emitting diode acts as the light producing source wherein produced light is dispersed away from a central axis. This provides for utilization of the collimating reflector for collimation of the produced light into a beam of light for projection from the flashlight. Various diffusion methods are explained. A bulb assembly is capable of housing the required light production and dispersion components while retaining a sizing and outer shape which permits eventual usage in existing flashlights having incandescent lamps (bulbs) without requiring modification to the flashlight. Means are also explained to utilize a collimating reflector attachable to, or incorporated into, the bulb assembly wherein the produced light does not interact with an existing collimating reflector on the flashlight.

Abstract: A lamp holder having two ribs perpendicularly raised from the periphery thereof at two opposite sides, and two smoothly arched clamping plates respectively connected to the ribs, the smoothly arched clamping plates each defining with the periphery of the lamp holder two clamping holes at two opposite sides of the ribs for holding a respective lead wire.