Abstract: A positioner (or gimbal assembly) for a compact antenna assembly is disclosed. The positioner provides accurate pointing of the antenna assembly (typically a narrow beam radio frequency (RF) radiating assembly) mounted on a rapidly moving platform. The positioner is comprised of a first, second, and third axis assemblies which support the antenna assembly and allow rotation of the antenna assembly about first, second, and third axis. The axis assemblies are arranged so the first, second and third axis are non-orthogonal and intersect at the approximate geometric center of the antenna assembly allowing continuous and independent rotation of the antenna assembly about each axis within a confined volume.

Abstract: A waveguide antenna apparatus which allows accurate and independent control of RF amplitude and phase characteristics while maintaining small, narrow dimensions and a constant external cross-sectional shape. The waveguide antenna apparatus comprises a waveguide section having first and second opposing broad faces, with the first broad face having a continuous curvilinear slot therein, and the second broad face having a continuous ridge thereon. The ridge may vary in width along the length of the waveguide and may also vary in height. The waveguide section generally includes first and second narrow faces. The slot in the first broad face is generally positioned off-center with respect to the waveguide section and is elongated, curvilinear or meandering in shape. Conventional feed and load may be coupled to the waveguide antenna.

Abstract: A broadband partial fan cone direction finding antenna and array disclosed. The antenna includes a radiator having a partial cone shape. The radiator substantially occupies a spatial area defined by a portion of a cone and the cone is defined by a cone axis, a cone height, and a cone angle. The cone has a base and an apex, and the portion of the cone is defined by a cone sweep angle. The cone sweep angle is determined as the angle subtended by a projection of the portion of the cone projected onto a plane that is perpendicular to the cone axis. The cone sweep angle is less than 360° so that the portion of the cone is bounded on its sides by edges which extend radially from the apex of the cone outward to the base of the cone.

Abstract: Variable beamwidth antenna systems for use on spacecraft that is capable of changing their beamwidths while the spacecraft in on orbit. The variable beamwidth antenna systems include a main reflector, a subreflector, a feed horn, a main reflector displacement mechanism and a feed horn (or subreflector) displacement mechanism. For broaden the beamwidth, the RF feed horn and the subreflector are moved close together by proper distance. The main reflector is moved away from the subreflector along a line through centers of their respective surface by a distance given by a predetermined equation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a transmission or reception device. The device comprises several layers having openings such that the stack thereof produces one or more antennas. Microwave circuits are implanted on internal layers.

Abstract: A satellite communications antenna includes a low-windload reflector so that the antenna may be used on high windload locations, such as on a ship. The reflector has a support structure which includes a grid-like structure having relatively large apertures therein to allow wind to pass therethrough. The reflector further includes reflective radiators, such as dipoles, mounted to the support structure for focusing at least one desired frequency of operation. The reflector is also formed in component parts for easy assembly/disassembly should it be necessary to deploy the system elsewhere.

Abstract: An antenna control system enabling the remote variation of antenna beam tilt. A drive means (5, 30) continuously adjusts phase shifters (1, 2, 3; 36, 39, 40) of a feed distribution network to radiating elements to continuously vary antenna beam tilt. A controller (80) enables the beam tilt of a number of antenna at a site to be remotely varied.

Abstract: The present invention is an artificial potted flower and plant television and radio antenna. The antenna is in the shape of a flower pot with flowers in it. The base emulates a flower pot and the antenna ears resemble the stems and petals of flowers. An optional signal amplifier may be installed within the base for improving signal strength.

Abstract: According to the present invention an antenna support structure for at least three directional antenna sub-systems provided, wherein the antenna sub-systems can be preferably planar antenna arrays. The antenna support structure (1) comprises at least four panels (3, 4) adapted to support respectively one of the antenna sub-systems (2). The panels (3, 4) include a main panel (3) and at least three secondary panels (4) respectively adjacent to the main panel (3). The secondary panels (4) can be respectively attached by hinge means (5) to the main panel (3). Therefore the secondary panels (4) can be individually adjusted in a predetermined angle to the main panel (3). The antenna support structure according to the present invention can be particularly used in combination with wide-band printed dipole antennas for micro-wave and millimeter-wave applications.

Abstract: An antenna reflector for a spacecraft includes a radial slot which facilitates stowage of the reflector in the spacecraft. When the reflector is in a folded position, opposing edges of the radial slot overlap in such a way that the reflector assumes an at least approximately conical shape, thereby allowing the reflector to be housed in a casing so as to be oriented vertically in line with the spacecraft.

Abstract: Disclosed is a computerized data display system including a computer operating in accord with a window display management system for the display and control of a plurality of data windows on a display screen of a display device. The data windows are displayed on the display screen in a spatial relation corresponding to the field of view seen from a preselected viewing location selected by means of a control signal provided as an input to the computer. A head coupled image display device, coupled to the display screen of the display device, is adapted to display the data windows appearing on the display screen of the display device separately to each eye of a user to create a binocular, stereoscopic virtual screen image to the user that has a virtual screen size independent of the size of the display screen of the display device.

Abstract: In a method of driving an AC-type plasma display panel in which a first insulation substrate and a second insulation substrate are disposed so as to be opposed to each other, pairs of scanning electrodes and sustaining electrodes covered with a dielectric layer and a protective layer are arranged on the first insulation substrate and at least data electrodes are arranged on the second insulation substrate so as to be orthogonal to the pairs of scanning and sustaining electrodes, immediately after termination of application of a sustaining pulse voltage to one of the scanning electrodes and the sustaining electrodes, the sustaining pulse voltage is applied to the other.

Abstract: An active matrix type liquid crystal display system having a plurality of switching elements, the active matrix type liquid crystal display system including a pair of substrates, signal electrode lines and scanning electrode lines formed on one of the pair of the substrates and crossing each other in a matrix form. A plurality of pixels are delimited by the signal electrode lines and the scanning electrode lines and a liquid crystal layer is interposed between the pair of the substrates. Each pixel of the pixels includes an electrode structure for generating an electric field having a component substantially in parallel with one of the substrates upon application of at least one predetermined voltage thereto, and an optical structure for obtaining a voltage vs. brightness characteristic where the voltage to obtain a minimum brightness is greater than zero.

Abstract: A low pass filter is provided for limiting a frequency band of an oscillating signal. A CPU is provided for producing a control signal for setting a cutoff frequency of the low pass filter so as to change an amplitude of the output signal of the low pass filter in accordance with a refractive index at each of the unit electrode of the liquid crystal panel.

Abstract: A nonmechanical fully electronic multifunctional digital indicator useful for providing elapsed time indications or as event counters is disclosed. The event counter uses a ChLCD-type matrix array and requires unique steps to properly erase and place new information on the display without inadvertently changing the status of individual array elements.

Abstract: A method is provided for displaying an original high-resolution digital color image on a low-resolution color dot-matrix display such as a liquid crystal display (LCD). Generally speaking, the method is used to display an original digital color image of a resolution of A×B on a color display of a resolution of C×D, where A, B, C, D are positive integer numbers and A>C and B>D. The first step is to group the pixels of the original digital color image in a unit of E into a plurality of groups equal in number to the pixels in the color display, where E is a ratio value obtained by rounding up the result of the division of A by C to the nearest integer number. Each of the groups is matched to one pixel in the color display. From each group, a set of RGB values is respectively extracted from selected pixels in the group, in a featured RGB extraction method. The final step is then to drive each pixel in the color display to display a specific color corresponding to the assigned RGB values.

Abstract: An apparatus having various on-screen display (OSD) functions and methods for each function are provided. The apparatus includes an on-screen display device for receiving serial data having a RAM write address, a ROM address, and the on-screen display functions. The apparatus synthesizes a character signal corresponding to serial data with a background color signal or an external composite video signal in response to an internal or external composite synchronous signal and provides the result to a monitor. The apparatus also includes a synchronous signal generating device for generating internal horizontal and vertical synchronous signals upon receiving a main clock signal, synthesizing means for synthesizing an internal equalization pulse with the internal horizontal and vertical synchronous signals, and means for determining the internal composite synchronous signal or the external composite synchronous signal extracted from the composite video signal. A control device is also part of the OSD apparatus.

Abstract: A apparatus to generate gray scale shading data in response to input color data that is cost efficient and programmable is presented. The present invention allows up to 16 brightness-levels to be generated per color (e.g., Red, Green, and Blue). Under the present invention, each color pixel can be programmed to have one of the 16 brightness-level waveforms stored in a memory by dynamically changing a number of variables such as pixel color offsets, frame offset, column offset, row offset, pixel mapping data, etc. An accessing waveform index is generated from the above variables which is then used to select a brightness-level waveform from the memory. The brightness-level waveforms stored in the memory are also programmable.

Abstract: A digital input device for entering data into a digital system, comprises at least two remote sensors and a control unit. A working area is set up in proximity to the sensors and the position of an object within the working area is detected by the input device based on data provided by each sensor and transmitted, by said control unit, to said digital system. The position of an object outside said working area, if detected by said input device, is rejected by said control unit and is not transmitted to said digital system. The sensors can be ultrasonic sensors and the object can be a part of the body of a user. Use of a third sensor allows three-dimensional detection of the object.

Abstract: A multi-axis controller for use as free hand-held joystick is described. The controller includes a handle having an inner surface. Disposed within the handle is a dual shaft having a first arm rotatable about a first axis and a second arm rotatable out a second axis. First and second transducers detect rotation of the first and second arms about the first and second axes, respectively. The first transducer and the first end of the first arm are fixedly attached to the inner surface of the handle. A frame is fixedly attached to the second transducer. When a weight is attached to the frame, it causes the first and second arms to center in the absence of user input.

Abstract: A system-integrated input device for manipulating objects on the display of a computer screen. The device is integrated as a pointer stick, which may be located on an existing keyboard, on an existing mouse device, or elsewhere. Both 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional user input are supported. In a first embodiment, the device is easily convertible between 2D and 3D input mode. Preferably, this conversion occurs by pressing down on the pointer stick, which is implemented as a spring-loaded device. The device supports input in the X and Y direction while in 2D mode, and adds the Z direction while in 3D mode. Movement in the Z direction is indicated by rotating the pointer stick to the left or right. In a second embodiment, movement in the Z direction is indicated by pushing and pulling on a sliding, or telescoping, pointer stick.

Abstract: A desktop operated computer control mouse including a housing, electronic circuitry within the housing, a user manipulable rotatable ball for pointing control, a plurality of finger depressible buttons exposed on the housing and interfacing with sensors electrically connected with the circuitry. At least some of the finger depressible buttons are for user selection of signals to be sent to the computer for window or screen scroll control, and are associated with sensor(s) which are pressure-sensitive analog sensors structured for varying electrical conductance through at least three readable states or values. The readable states are dependant upon depressive pressure applied to the sensor(s) through the finger depressible button(s). The circuitry is structured to read the at least three readable states of the pressure-sensitive analog sensor(s) and to produce signals representing the state or value of the sensor(s).

Abstract: A compact electronic keyboard having full-size keys arranged in the standard QWERTY or DVORAK pattern but with a reduced width of the keyboard due to the elimination of the standard modifier keys normally positioned at opposite sides of the alphanumeric keys. The function of such modifier keys are incorporated into some of the alphanumeric keys, or modifiable character keys, the function of which is controlled by means of separate portions of a split, thumb-operable spacebar below the lower row of alphanumeric keys. Such portions are the space key and the special key. The space key incorporates the standard shift function and can control the function of the modifiable character keys by simultaneous pressing of the space key and the desired modifiable character key. The special key can control the function of the modifiable character keys in a similar manner, but which can remain activated for a preset period of time such that simultaneous pressing of a modifiable character key is not necessary.

Abstract: A touch operation information output apparatus is provided in a position at which a driver can operate it, and detects a touched position with respect to the input pad and outputs its coordinate data to the display device. Here, protruding brackets are provided at 16 positions on the input pad. A first group of protruding brackets that are in 4 positions at a center of the input pad are formed in a “+” shape, a second group of protruding brackets that are in four corners of the input pad are formed in an “L” shape and a third group of protruding brackets are formed in a “T” shape. Because of this, the driver can recognize the touched position with respect to the touch operation information output apparatus and blind operation becomes possible.

Abstract: A method of and system for driving a plasma display panel (PDP), which is designed to increase the amount of data processed in unit time. The method includes the steps of dividing row electrodes into at least two groups, splitting the field, and applying driving pulses to each split field with a phase difference. Also, the present invention uses a lower bit preceding scanning method where the bits of a digital picture signal are aggregated by bits of a kind from the most significant bit to the least significant bit and divided into a plurality of pairs of upper and lower bits as (lower bit, upper bit), the lower bit in each pair of bits being successively scanned, followed by a scanning of the upper bit in each pair of bits. Thus, the efficiency of the AC PDP is enhanced with the reduction in the time needed to construct the field, and readily driving a field even when the amount of data to be scanned is increased.

Abstract: An architecture for performing real-time image processing on multiple image data streams using compressed or uncompressed image data includes a switch for forwarding data from multiple input sources to multiple destinations on a video processing device. The video processing device includes two independent processing pipelines for processing two different data streams. The switch may couple one or both input data stream to be multiple different destinations. Multiple video processing devices may be coupled via the switch to increase the number of data streams capable of being processed at any given time. Mixers are coupled in a cascaded fashion using the switch, thereby providing selective keying capability and allowing for multiple keying events to be entered during one phase of processing. Each of the processing pipelines on the video processing device includes dedicated processing logic, compression logic and frame buffer storage. Logic is provided with each frame buffer to support motion effects.

Abstract: A CATV transmission center apparatus, a subscriber terminal device, a CATV distribution system, and a method of distributing a program, will solve the problems of the need to change transmission facilities for handling more channels, the costly CATV infrastructure per program, the expensive subscriber terminal devices, and the tedious and time-consuming process of selecting desired programs. When there is a request to view a program which is not being distributed from the subscriber terminal device to the CATV transmission center apparatus, an empty channel is searched for. If an empty channel is found, the requested program is distributed via the empty channel. All subscriber terminal devices are notified that the program which has started to be distributed is being distributed. The CATV transmission center apparatus distributes only those programs which are actually viewed by subscribers.

Abstract: A method and system for commanding and controlling diverse home devices on a home network to perform a service is provided. According to the method, a client device that is capable of displaying a user interface is connected to a home network. A software agent is executed on the client device to cause a user interface to be displayed on the client device. First and second home devices connected to the home network are selected from the user interface, and control and command data are sent from the client device to the first and second home devices to cause these devices to communicate with each other to perform the service.

Abstract: A system and method for displaying representations of tag sources representative of corresponding component devices is disclosed herein. The present system includes a tag dictionary for defining the tag sources in a predefined object-oriented format. The tag dictionary is comprised of tag definition objects, each containing information relating to a given tag source and each being associated with a tag type object. A tag browser allows for display and editing of the tag source representations in accordance with the tag definition objects. In a preferred implementation each of the representations includes information relating to a predefined set of parameters characterizing the tag sources. The tag browser also optionally includes a tag filter for causing display of those tag source representations comporting with tag selection criteria, and for suppressing display of all other tag source representations.

Abstract: The present invention is to offer a remote control transmission apparatus which permits learning of control data for a plurality of devices without increasing the number of operating areas (kn) on the operating panel and provides a clear indication of the relationship between each operating area (kn) and the contents of control at the time when that operating area (kn) is pressed. In the learning mode, control data detected from a received remote control signal are stored in correspondence with a predetermined operating area (kn), and a predetermined one of plural icons is stored in correspondence with a predetermined operating area (kn). In the transmission mode, the contents of control at the time when the operating area (kn) is pressed can be displayed by the selected icon, providing a clear indication of their relationship and hence preventing a user from erroneous remote control operation.

Abstract: A parameter display part including a single upper-hierarchical parameter screen displaying only a selected parameter and a number of lower-hierarchical parameter screens corresponding to respective units displaying all parameters for the respective units, and providing switchable display capability. When selecting a parameter to be displayed on the upper-hierarchical parameter screen, moving the cursor to the parameter on any of the lower-hierarchical parameter screens and pressing the function key to select a display, the selected parameter is displayed on the upper-hierarchical parameter screen. When the parameter is selected again, the function key is pressed, and the display on the upper-hierarchical parameter screen is canceled.

Abstract: A data viewing terminal for displaying graphical indices pointing to elements of a database of information in a way that takes into account properties of the human visual perception system so as to maximize the amount of information that the user can absorb. The system has an interface with a processor that displays the graphical indices as images moving across a viewing screen. The screen is divided into viewing segments, each of which displays graphical indices in motion in a direction predetermined for that segment where the information in at least one pair of adjacent viewing segments moves in anti-parallel directions.

Abstract: According to the present invention, there is provided a stereoscopic display system for displaying a model stereoscopically using a pair of images seen from two different viewpoints and adapted for the right eye and the left eye, comprising P, gaze range determining means for determining a range to which a viewer is likely to fix his or her eyes with respect to the model, model move means for moving the model in a direction perpendicular to a display screen so that the gaze range determined by the gaze range determining means comes in a region in which stereoscopy is easy by changing data of the model, model enlargement/reduction means for enlarging/reducing a size of the model moved by the model move means according to a distance over which the model is moved by changing data of the model changed by the model move means, and image data creating means for creating image data to be displayed on the display according to data of model which has been moved by the model move means and whose size has been changed b

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method and apparatus for providing three-dimensional (3-D) input data to a computer. A marker is moved in a 3-D work place. The marker has at least one unique feature distinctive from other objects in the 3-D work place. The movement of the marker in the 3-D work place is sensed by at least two sensors in a stereo imaging geometry to produce stereo images containing the marker. The stereo images are processed to produce marker images. The 3-D coordinates of the marker are computed from the marker images to provide the 3-D input data to the computer.

Abstract: Generating a multi-resolution mesh from an original mesh representing a scene or object is achieved by collapsing edges of the original mesh in a first order defined by a surface area error metric to produce a modified mesh, and collapsing edges of the modified mesh in a second order defined by a combination quadric and surface area error metric to produce a multi-resolution mesh. The transition from using the surface area error metric to the combination of the surface area error metric and the quadric error metric occurs when a cost for removing one of the edges from the mesh as determined by the surface area error metric exceeds a threshold. A volume error metric may be used in conjunction with the surface area error metric in collapsing edges of the mesh to allow an edge collapse only when the volume error metric for the edge indicates collapsing the edge will not substantially alter the shape of the mesh.

Abstract: A method for manipulating a first three-dimensional object, in a computer system including a display, a first software application, and a second software application. The present method includes the step of creating a model of the first three-dimensional object with the first software application, which has a first three-dimensional object with the first system. A step of storing the model of the first three-dimensional object in a model format is also included. The present method further includes the step retrieving the model of the first three-dimensional object in the model format into a second software application, the second software application having a second coordinate system. The present method also includes the step of manipulating a view of the model of the first three-dimensional object with the second software application and within the second coordinate system.

Abstract: A graphics pipeline system is provided for graphics processing. Such system includes a transform module adapted for being coupled to a vertex attribute buffer for receiving vertex data. The transform module serves to transform the vertex data from object space to screen space. Coupled to the transform module is a lighting module which is positioned on the single semiconductor platform for performing lighting operations on the vertex data received from the transform module. Also included is a rasterizer coupled to the lighting module and positioned on the single semiconductor platform for rendering the vertex data received from the lighting module.

Abstract: A watercolor model based on an ordered set of translucent glazes, which are created independently usinig a shallow water fluid simulation. A Kubelka-Munk compositing model is used for simulating the optical effect of the superimposed glazes. The computer generated watercolor model is used as part of an interactive watercolor paint system, or as a method for automatic image “watercolorization.

Abstract: A color printer capable of detecting and correcting color registration error.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus for effecting an image exposure on an electrophotographic photosensitive member by a digital optical system device, having a charging device for charging the photosensitive member, an electrostatic latent image forming device for forming a minute dot pattern corresponding to image data, a developing device for developing the latent image on the photosensitive member with a developer, a transfer device for transferring the developer image onto a transfer material, a fixing device for fixing the developed image on the transfer material, a photosensitive member surface cleaning device for cleaning residual developer remaining on the photosensitive member after transferring, a detector for detecting the fixing device's temperature, and a detector for detecting a water vapor amount in a surrounding environment, and wherein, when a power supply of the apparatus is powered ON and if a fact that the detected temperature of the fixing device is a predetermined temperature or lower and a

Abstract: The opposing electrode has an opposing portion facing the peripheral surface of the toner support and a brush portion formed of a partial circumferential surface continuous to both ends of the opposing portion. The opposing electrode is rotated about a rotary axis disposed at the center of the partial circumference forming the brush portion. When the opposing electrode rotates, the brush portion comes into contact with the undersurface of the control electrode. The opposing electrode is applied with a high voltage, e.g. 2 kV from a high-voltage power source so that the brush portion can remove the toner adhering to the control electrode.

Abstract: A dot data generator receives print data from a host apparatus and generates dot data from the print data. Dots have different diameters according to a gradation level. A drive frequency setting section sets a drive frequency in accordance with the print data. A drive signal generator generates a timing in timed relation with the drive frequency. A recording head is driven at the generated timing to form a plurality of dots on a print medium. An operation circuit determines a total drive time forming dots for each line in the main scanning direction. The drive frequency is set on a line-by-line basis in accordance with the total drive time. The timing may be delayed so that dots are formed always at accurate print positions irrespective of the scanning speed in the main scanning direction and in the sub scanning direction.

Abstract: In a color image recording apparatus provided with plural print heads and a conveyor, each print head includes a plurality of recording elements aligned along at least a single line in a primary scanning direction and the plural print heads are arranged in parallel to each other in the primary scanning direction so that plural component images of the color image are formed parallel respectively by the plural print heads. A reference component image forming device controls the plural pieces of print heads so as to form and superimpose plural reference component images based on the reference component image data and timing setting values. A timing correcting unit analyzes positional deviations in the secondary scanning direction among the plural superimposed reference component images and corrects the timing setting values on the basis of the positional deviations in the secondary scanning direction.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image carrier, a laser diode for generating a plurality of light beams, and a rotating polygonal mirror for simultaneously scanning the image carrier in a primary scanning direction along respective lines which are parallel to each other in a secondary scanning direction. The image carrier is scanned once for each of a plurality of different colors to thereby form a color image on the image carrier. A photosensitive sensor is provided for detecting an amount of deviation of the plurality of light beams in the primary scanning direction with respect to a first color of the plurality of different colors, and deviations among the plurality of light beams in connection with scanning for each of the plurality of different colors are corrected according to the detected amount of deviation with respect to the first color of the plurality of different colors.

Abstract: A printer includes LED heads and head controllers. Each head controller transfers items of data to a corresponding head over a set of common buses. The LED head has a receiver activated by a corresponding head selecting signal. In one configuration, the common buses may include a selector bus over a data bus. Image data and a group of signals are alternately transferred over the data bus, the group of signals including a latch signal for latching the image data into a corresponding head and a strobe signal for driving a corresponding head in accordance with the image data. The selector signal allows the receiver to direct the image data and the group of signals into separate data paths. In another configuration, the control signals may further include an image clock and a control clock.

Abstract: A first embodiment of an adjustment circuit for a laser diode output power compensator includes a feedback circuit for adjusting the laser diode output power compensator so that the output power of the laser diode is substantially constant. The feedback circuit includes a photodiode for measuring the output power of a VCSEL diode. The signal from the photodiode is coupled to a first amplifier. The difference between the signal from the photodiode and a first reference value is amplified and coupled through electronic switches to selectively charge one of multiple capacitors. The multiple capacitors are each coupled to one of a drive current source, a compensation current source, and a voltage controlled resistor, each of which are voltage controlled. A second amplifier is used for amplifying the difference between the signal from the photodiode and a second reference value to charge a capacitor coupled to a voltage controlled bias current source.

Abstract: A communication system (100) processes forward signals generated by headend equipment (105) and reverse signals generated by subscriber equipment (135). A communication medium (110, 120), such as fiber optic cable or coaxial cable, couples the headend equipment (105) and the subscriber equipment (135), and amplifiers (400) are positioned at various locations along the medium (110, 120) to amplify the forward and reverse signals. The amplifiers (400) include a dual forward/reverse test circuit (FIG. 5) having a forward test point (406) coupled to the forward signal, a reverse test point (408) coupled to the reverse signal, and a single directional coupler (404) connected to the forward test point (406), for providing the forward signal thereto, and to the reverse test point (408), for providing the reverse signal thereto.

Abstract: Structure is provided to realize transmission of video with no transmission error over a transmission line having a low transmission performance. A video communication video terminal device which is provided with a video transmission adapter includes a transmission video-frame disassembling portion for correcting a transmission error in video-data, detecting an error in the corrected video data after correction of transmission error therein and extracting only errorless video-frame data, a transmission video frame generating portion for generating a video frame composed of video frame data to be transmitted, a control signal for controlling the other terminal to be communicated and an error-correction code attached the data and a video control portion for instructing extraction of errorless video-frame data from the received video data and controlling the video frame data to be transmitted according to the control signal.

Abstract: A multi-point conference system includes a plurality of conference terminal devices coupled to each other, image information and voice information being transmitted among the plurality of conference terminal devices so that users of the plurality of conference terminal devices are in conference with each other. A coding process unit of a transmission side conference terminal device codes image information by switching an intra-frame coding operation and an interframe coding operation and transmit coded image information when the each of the plurality of terminal devices is specified by a speaker specifying information item. The coding process unit of the transmission side conference terminal device which is specified again by a speaker identifying information item codes image information by an interframe coding operation starting from a head frame.

Abstract: A military range scoring system with a plurality of imagers capable of viewing reference points and impact points for ordinance aimed at the reference points, imager position controllers, and data processors and video monitors for processing and viewing data received from said imagers; and communication links between the components. The imagers are preferably infrared or near-infrared, and the system manually and/or automatically scores impacts by digital signal processing of imager data.