Abstract: An inflator apparatus and a method are provided using a quantity of a compensatory material to supplement a stored pressurized gas.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a low temperature autoignition composition for safely initiating combustion of a main pyrotechnic charge in a gas generator or pyrotechnic device exposed to flame or a high temperature environment.

Abstract: A process for producing an article having a three-dimensional optical effect comprising a transparent substrate provided with a translucent simulated ice crystal formation having a controlled amount of fern-like patterns along with articles produced by a glue chip process.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing thermoplastic tubes from hollow thermoplastic sleeves by a variety of different manufacturing processes. The machine used in the method is a single apparatus having an indexing device with a plurality of mandrels for holding hollow thermoplastic sleeves for the purpose of transporting the same around a closed manufacturing path. The method involves advancing sleeves around the closed manufacturing path to form tubes from the sleeves.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for fabricating a plasma display panel with increased efficiency and productivity is provided. A glass panel assembly P1 constructed from two glass plates W1, W2, which are joined together by a jig 10 with a sealant S applied along a periphery of one or the other of the opposing surfaces of the two glass plates W1, W2, is supported on an evacuating cart 20 in such a manner as to be positioned inside a furnace 1. The exhaust pipe Pa provided in any one of the glass plates W1, W2 is connected switchably between an evacuating system 25 and a discharge gas supply system 26. After evacuating the interior of the glass panel P2, a discharge gas is filled into the glass panel P2 and finally the exhaust pipe Pa is sealed and cut.

Abstract: Polyester-containing multilayer biaxially-oriented polypropylene films are provided. According to the invention, a two- or three-layer polyester-containing cap layer is bonded to a monoaxially oriented polypropylene core, followed by orientation of the resulting composite in a direction transverse to the direction of orientation of the core layer. At least one tie layer is interposed between the core and the polyester. Advantageously, the polyester contains silicone fluid as a processing aid.

Abstract: Individual carton blanks formed from a lamination of a continuous strip of a relatively rigid material and a relatively flexible fluid impervious material and in some instances from spaced apart continuous strips of a relatively flexible material wherein all of the cut and fold lines are formed in the continuous strip of a relatively rigid material and then conveyed to the nip between two rotating laminating rolls where all of the continuous strips are secured together by an adhesive at desired locations. In some instances, the continuous strip of a relatively flexible fluid impervious material and the spaced apart continuous strips of a relatively flexible material are cut at a location spaced from the leading edge of the individual carton blanks.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for reducing screening defects on ceramic greensheets which includes placing additional vias in the kerf that will be eventually discarded during the sizing operation. Also disclosed is a ceramic substrate laminate article with reduced screening defects.

Abstract: Two electroluminescent substrates, each emitting light having different color, are laminated and bonded together with adhesive layer interposed therebetween. An insulation film such as an epoxy film is placed between two substrates and deformed into an adhesive layer under pressure and heat. The adhesive layer serves as a bonding material and a humidity-protection layer as well. Electrical connection between electrodes of the electroluminescent substrates and outside driving circuits is made at the same time two substrates are bonded by the adhesive layer by bonding wiring sheets together. To further improve the humidity-protection ability of the adhesive layer, the surface of the electroluminescent substrates may be covered by resin which is hardened by radiating ultraviolet light at the same time the insulation film is deformed into the adhesive layer. Thus, the electroluminescent display panel having two substrates can be manufactured in a simple and inexpensive manufacturing process.

Abstract: A device for automatically placing fastening bolts on support surfaces. The fastening bolts (1) have a disc plate (5) covered on their bottom side with a dry, hot-melt-type adhesive (6) receivable by heat application. The device consists of an elongated housing (3) having a bolt-catching device and a bolt feeding channel (37), which is connected to a flexible feeding tube (4) on an end projecting out of the housing. The adhesive bolts (1) with disc plate (5) are fed by air pressure into the housing (3) and through the bolt feeding channel (37) to the catching device (56, 57). There is a cylinder (11) with an induction coil (27) at the end of the bolt feeding channel (37). Upwardly from the inductor are means to press the adhesive bolts (1), which are inside the inductor (11), in the assembly position (29) on the supporting surfaces (2).

Abstract: A method for improving the adhesion of an elastomeric, polymeric material to a support element while being shaped and vulcanized thereon, in which the support element is wetted in the region of the adhesion zone with a liquid composition of an adhesion promoter, the coating thus formed is solidified, and the elastomeric material is subsequently shaped on and solidified by vulcanization, an aqueous and/or alcohol solution of a thiocyanatosilane being used as the adhesion promoter.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for solid bonding without using a bonding agent are provided. A surface of metal, glass, or other bond members 16a and 16b is fluorinated by exposure to a mixture of HF gas from a HF gas supply unit 24 and water vapor from a vapor generator 26 in a fluorination process section 12. The bond members 16a and 16b are then placed in contact at the fluorinated surface on table 36 in bonding process section 14. Argon is then introduced to bonding chamber 34. Pressure is then applied to the first bond member 16a and second bond member 16b by a cylinder 46, and heated to below the melting point by a heater 48, to bond the first and second bond members together.

Abstract: Environmental stabilizing agents are stored in an adhesive adjoining, directly or indirectly, a film or membrane that requires protection from the environment. Such stabilizing agents include ultra-violet protectors and anti-oxidants. Migration of such environmental stabilizing agents from an adhesive to a film or membrane permits the use of new and different materials for such films and membranes because their method of manufacture no longer needs to accommodate the heat and processing sensitivities of the stabilizing agents.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for removing an adhesive bonded pad from a backing plate are disclosed. The apparatus and the method are particularly suitable for removing a polishing pad in a chemical mechanical polishing apparatus, however, they can be used for removal of any other adhesively bonded pad on a rigid surface. The removal apparatus can be advantageously used without causing any danger to a machine operator even when a slippage of the tool has occurred. The T-shaped removal tool can be operated in a rotational motion such that an adhesive bond existed between a pad and a backing surface may be broken by shear force. A minimal amount of force is required due to the large T-shaped handle used for the removal operation.

Abstract: The present invention provides an instrument for production of a semiconductor device, which consists essentially of a vitreous carbon derived from a polycarbodiimide resin, and a process for producing an instrument for production of a semiconductor device, which comprises molding a polycarbodiimide resin or a composition composed mainly of a polycarbodiimide resin, into a shape of an instrument for production of a semiconductor device and then carbonizing the molded material in vacuum or an inert gas atmosphere. Said instrument for production of a semiconductor device is free from the problems of conventional instruments and can be produced easily at a high purity and at a low cost.

Abstract: Present invention provides a method of holding substrate and a substrate holding system where the amount of foreign substances on the back surface can be decreased, and a little amount of foreign substances may be transferred from a mounting table to a substrate. The substrate holding system comprises a ring-shaped leakage-proof surface having smooth surface on the specimen table corresponding to the periphery of the substrate, a plurality of contact holding portions against the substrate on the specimen table between the corresponding position to the periphery of the substrate and the corresponding position to the center of the substrate, and electrostatic ttraction means for fixing the substrate by contacting the back surface of the substrate to the ring-shaped leakage-proof surface and the contact holding portions. The substrate contacts to the cooling surface at the ring-shaped leakage-proof surface and the contact holding portion placed on a position inside the ring-shaped leakage-proof surface.

Abstract: Plasma containment is achieved within a region by a containment plate while gas is allowed to flow through this region by openings in the plate. The openings in the plate are larger in two of the cross-sectional dimensions parallel to the plate surface than the thickness of the dark space or plasma sheath. The openings of the plate are wider nearest the source of the electromagnetic energy in order to attenuate the electromagnetic fields and thereby prevent build up of deposits which would block the flow gas through the plate.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling temperature of a process chamber which includes a plurality of heating elements mounted juxtaposed to a cylindrical chamber sidewall of the process chamber for heating the chamber, and a plurality of thermal sensors with one mounted juxtaposed to each of the plurality of heating elements such that the temperature of the chamber cavity can be more uniformly controlled. The method may be carried out by first forming a substantially air-tight chamber cavity by a cylindrical chamber sidewall, a top enclosure and a bottom enclosure, and then positioning a plurality of heating elements juxtaposed to and surrounds the cylindrical chamber sidewall and then mounting a plurality of thermal sensors to the plurality of heating elements with one sensor juxtaposed to each heating element, and then controlling the temperature of the process chamber by inputting signals from the plurality of thermal sensors into a controller and then outputting signals to the plurality of heating elements.

Abstract: A stackable processing chamber apparatus includes a processing chamber unit and a driving device for driving said transmitting shaft to rotate. The processing chamber unit includes a body defining a chamber. The processing chamber unit is provided with an evacuating pipeline passing through the processing chamber unit and communicating with the chamber, a draining pipeline passing through the processing chamber unit and communicating with the chamber, a chuck rotatably mounted within the processing chamber unit, a transmitting mechanism for driving the chuck to rotate, and a transmitting shaft passing through the body and driving the transmitting mechanism.

Abstract: The temperature of a dry etch process of a semiconductor substrate in a plasma etch chamber is controlled to maintain selectivity while also providing a high etch rate by introducing one or more cooling steps into the etch process. To maintain selectivity of the etch as well as a high rate of etch, the formation of plasma is terminated prior to exceeding a predetermined maximum temperature at at least one selected location in the chamber. The temperature at the selected location is reduced prior to the resumption of plasma flow and etching. The plasma etch is then continued, and may optionally be terminated again to permit cooling, as needed, until etching has been completed.

Abstract: Methods for oxygen delignification of a pulp are disclosed, including initially delignifying the pulp at a delignification temperature of less than 90° C., adding oxygen to the pulp so that the oxygen is present during the initial delignification step, and further delignifying the pulp at a delignification temperature of greater than 90° C., the difference between the two delignification temperatures being less than about 20° C., and the pressure being greater in the initial delignification step. The method also includes adding alkali solely to the initial delignification step in order to obtain high alkalinity therein.

Abstract: Methods for oxygen delignification of chemical pulps are disclosed including contacting the chemical pulp with oxygen first in an upstream reactor vessel and then in a downstream reactor vessel. The upstream reactor vessel is maintained at pressures of greater than about 3 bar, and the downstream reactor vessel is maintained at temperatures of between about 90 and 120° C. and corresponding predetermined pressures. Heating of the partially delignified chemical pulp between the upstream and downstream reactors is accomplished by contacting the partially delignified chemical pulp with low pressure steam.

Abstract: A method for treating a fiber pulp suspension, which comprises transporting the fiber pulp suspension from a maintenance vessel, in which there is atmospheric pressure or at most 1 bar overpressure and in which the pulp suspension is at a temperature which does not exceed 95° C., to a bleaching reactor and introducing the suspension into the bottom part of the reactor, which is at least 10 m high and at the top of which there is an overpressure which exceeds the steam saturation pressure, in which reactor the pulp is subjected to a bleaching treatment under pressure at a reaction temperature exceeding 100° C., in addition to which the pulp suspension, during the transportation from the maintenance vessel to the reactor, is heated to at least reaction temperature. The pulp suspension is pumped to a mixer with the aid of a first pump which provides 1.5-3 bar overpressure. Low-pressure steam, which is at a pressure of 3-8 bar above atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 135-155° C.

Abstract: Process for bleaching a chemical paper pulp to a brightness of at least 89° ISO, consisting in subjecting the pulp to a treatment sequence of several stages including a final bleaching stage with hydrogen peroxide in alkaline medium carried out in the presence of at least one stabilising agent and at a consistency of at least 25% by weight of solids, the stages preceding this final stage having purified the pulp so that its manganese content does not exceed 3 ppm by weight with respect to the solids and that the pulp has been delignified beforehand to a kappa number not exceeding 5.

Abstract: The present invention relates to transfer paper in electrophotography that shrinks by no more than 0.45% in a direction crossing a flow in making paper process and which has a two sideness shrinkage difference in a crossing direction ranging 0.02 to −0.02%. The present invention also relates a process for producing electrophotographic transfer paper comprising the steps of feeding pulp suspension liquid onto at least one wire to form a paper layer in making paper process, in which a ratio between feeding speed of the pulp suspension liquid and moving speed of wire is controlled to cause a propagating velocity ratio of longitudinal waves of a produced transfer paper in the range from 1.1 to 1.5.

Abstract: A multi-ply tissue contains an internal indicia, such as a printed pattern applied to the center ply, which is visible through the outer plies of the tissue and which indicates the presence of some unique ingredients within the tissue product.

Abstract: A cardboard with great rigidity and low grammage, as well as a package made thereof, is described. The cardboard consists of a core, which is surrounded by at least one, preferably 1-3 outer plies, on each side. The cardboard has a grammage of 100-300 g/m2, a bending resistance index of at least 25 Nm6/kg3, and a Scott Bond z-strength of at least 100 J/m2. The core of the cardboard consists of chemi-thermomechanical pulp and has a density of 200-450 kg/m3 and the core constitutes 55-80% of the total grammage of the cardboard. The outer plies have a tensile stiffness index of 7.0-9.5 kgNm/g and mainly consist of chemical pulp.

Abstract: The invention refers to a process for measuring spacing at a paper machine headbox. It is primarily characterized by constant magnetic fields being generated at the headbox slice gap area, the intensity of these fields being measured and these measurements being used to determine the gap between the individual lips. The invention also refers to a measuring device to determine spacing in the headbox 1 area of a paper machine, where a magnetic field generator 10 for a constant magnetic field is provided in one of the two elements 11 that determine the gap and a measuring device for magnetic fields 9 is contained in the second of the two elements 7, 8 determining the gap.

Abstract: A wet section of a machine for producing a fibrous material web that includes at least one press. The press includes a nip through which the fibrous material web is guided. The fibrous material web is preformed in a web forming zone. At least one press is an elongated nip press that is elongated in direction of the web travel. This nip is positioned in a region where the dry matter content of the preformed fibrous material web that comes into the nip is less than or equal to about 15% and, preferably is less than or equal to about 12%. A method for treating a fibrous material web in a wet section of a machine for producing the fibrous material web. The wet section includes at least one press including an elongated nip, at least one press and the elongated nip are elongated in a web travel direction. Further, the elongated nip is positioned in a region of the machine where the dry matter content of the fibrous material web, as it enters the elongated nip, is less than or equal to about 15%.

Abstract: Suction device and process for at least one of conditioning and drainage of an endless felt. The device includes a housing having at least one vacuum chamber, and a plurality of suction slits located on a suction surface of the housing that is adapted to face the endless felt. The plurality of suction slits are oriented to extend at least one of in and obliquely to a travel direction of the endless felt. The process includes guiding the endless belt over a suction surface of a vacuum chamber, and suctioning a surface of the endless belt with a plurality of suction slits located in the suction surface of the vacuum chamber. The plurality of suction slits extend in a direction that is at least one of in and oblique to a belt travel direction.

Abstract: Commercial sterilization of the interior surfaces of containers, cups or bottles by the use of energetic electrons is accomplished by directing electrons of moderate energies through the open mouth of such containers. Electrons which would normally illuminate the container beyond the inner diameter of the neck opening may be absorbed by a suitable electron-absorbing and cooled mask positioned above the container neck.

Abstract: A magnetron sputtering system is provided that uses cooling channels in the magnetron assembly to cool the target. The magnetron sputtering system also generates low pressure region in the magnetron assembly such that the backing plate sees a pressure differential much lower than atmospheric pressure. In one embodiment, the backing plate includes a center post to support the backing plate during operation. The backing plate is reduced in thickness and provides less of a barrier to the generated magnetic field.

Abstract: An inductive write head includes a first pole and a second pole that form a yoke having a write gap between the first pole and second pole. The second pole is formed of a particular Co100-a-bZRaCRb compound. More specifically, the second pole is formed where “a” is in the range of about 2 atomic percent to about 18 atomic percent, and “b” is in the range of about 0.5 atomic percent to about 6 atomic percent. The magnetic write element also includes a conductive coil which lies between the first pole and the second pole. The inductive write head also includes a first yoke pedestal attached to the first pole, and a second yoke pedestal attached to the second pole, with the write gap formed therebetween. Further, the first yoke pedestal has a pedestal width that defines the write element trackwidth and that is smaller than the pedestal width of the second yoke pedestal.

Abstract: A magneto-optical medium comprises a light-transmissive substrate, a third magnetic layer formed on the light-transmissive substrate, a first magnetic layer formed on the light-transmissive substrate, the first magnetic layer having lower domain wall coercivity and allowing higher domain wall mobility than the third magnetic layer at or around an ambient temperature and a second magnetic layer held between the first magnetic layer and the third magnetic layer, the second magnetic layer having a Curie temperature lower than that of the first magnetic layer and the third magnetic layer, wherein the surface roughness, Ra(d), of the first magnetic layer is smaller than the surface roughness, Ra(m), of the third magnetic layer.

Abstract: A self-contained, portable device for decomposing ions present in a liquid includes a housing shaped to be held within a human hand; a source of electric current; an anode that is comprised of an inert material, attached to the housing and in electrical communication with the source of electric current; a cathode that is comprised of an inert material, attached to the housing and in electrical communication with the source of electric current; and a switch for electrically connecting the anode, the cathode and the source of electric current.

Abstract: Apparatus providing a low impedance RF return current path between a shield member and a pedestal in a semiconductor wafer processing chamber. The return path reduces RF voltage drop between the shield member and the pedestal during processing. The return path comprises a conductive strap connected to the pedestal and a conductive bar attached to the strap. A toroidal spring makes multiple parallel electrical connections between the conductive bar and the shield member. A support assembly, attached to a collar on the chamber wall, supports the conductive bar.

Abstract: The present invention provides a reference electrode solution containing ammonium salts and phosphonium salts for the potentiometric measurement of pH and method of using the same. The use of the ammonium salts and the phosphonium salts to replace potassium chloride or sodium chloride as reference electrolytes in a standard reference electrode minimizes the formation of precipitates in sample solutions containing cation-sensitive compounds. Disruption of ion flow through the reference electrode is eliminated, and accurate pH measurements may be obtained in solutions that contain compounds having a strong affinity for hard cations.

Abstract: Quantitative analysis for thuringiensin by capillary electrophoresis (“CE’) was demonstrated. CE is a suitable separation technique for thuringiensin because of its high resolution, great efficiency, rapid analysis and small consumption of sample. Tryptophan, an aromatic amino acid sharing a similar UV absorptive spectrum as thuringiensin, was used as an internal standard to avoid some inaccurate results caused by the questionable stability of purified thuringiensin. A mixed amount of tryptophan was mixed with varied amount of newly made thuringiensin standards for CE analysis. The electropherograms showed that the peak of tryptophan appeared around 8 minutes, which is 6 minutes earlier than the peak of thuringiensin. The peak area ratio between thuringiensin and tryptophan is proportional to the amount of thuringiensin in the mixture. The linear regression has been established to assess the peak area ratio that can be used to quantify the concentration of thuringiensin.

Abstract: A system for managing fluids used during electroremediation of contaminants in a porous medium, such as soil is disclosed. The system monitors the fluid gain and loss from the electrode wells and maintains optimal fluid levels in the wells on an individual basis. The system may use a sensor element for measuring the metal ion content of the electrode well fluid. A method for using the fluid management system is also disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus and process produces salts by an electrodialysis operation. The basic electrodialysis apparatus is a cell having a number of compartments separated by ion exchange membranes. A DC source is connected to drive a current through a feed stream passing through the cell which splits the salt stream into an acid and a base. The incoming feed may be nanofiltered to remove divalent metal. The base loop may be in communication with an ion exchange column packed with a material that removes multivalent cations. Monovalent selctive cation membranes may be used to effect preferential treatment of the monovalent cations to the base loop. Depending upon the material being processed and the desired end result either or both the nanofiltration and the ion exchanged column may be used in the apparatus.

Abstract: The present invention generally provides methods and systems for monitoring and controlling electroosmotic flow rates in microfluidic systems. Generally, such methods and systems monitor flow rates in electroosmotically driven microfluidic systems by flowing signaling elements within these channels and measuring the flow rate of these signals. The methods of monitoring flow rates are also applied to methods and systems for continuously monitoring and controlling these flow rates in electroosmotically driven microfluidic systems.

Abstract: A microfabrication process comprises the swelling of at least a hydrophilic polymer in order for shrinking each cavity size of a micromachined microstructure pattern from three-dimensional orientations, whereby upon filling or deposition of metal into each cavity of the pattern when performing an electroforming step, a supermini microstructure with slim, fine, thin and small size can be obtained as geometrically miniaturized from three-dimensional orientations.

Abstract: A part fabricating method comprises the steps of machining an object to fabricate a part cast mold, depositing a first metal on a surface of the cast mold to form a first metal layer, and depositing a second metal different in kind from the first metal inside the cast mold to form a part. The first metal layer is then selectively removed to take out the part formed inside the cast mold.

Abstract: In order to form metallic conductor patterns having connection regions that can be soldered and/or bonded on electrically insulating substrates, firstly a metalization is applied to the substrate and is then removed again, at least in those regions adjoining the desired conductor pattern. There then follows the electrolytic deposition of a final surface which can be soldered and/or bonded to the connection regions. Clean-room conditions are not necessary.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forming a layer of plating on a base material and a method for manufacturing a three dimensional object. The plating apparatus includes a nozzle for delivering a stream of plating fluid and an electric source for applying a voltage between the base material and the nozzle. The nozzle has an outer wall and a stem located at its center. The nozzle delivers plating fluid from the opening of the nozzle in an annular manner to produce a stream that has a substantially uniform flow velocity when the stream hits the base material. In an another embodiment, the nozzle has surrounding conduit for conducting air. The air increases the velocity of a peripheral portion of the stream. To manufacture a three dimensional object, a plating layer is deposited, and the nozzle is moved to form a desired shape while piling the layer.

Abstract: A method for depositing a multi-layered protective and decorative coating on an article comprising first depositing at least one coating layer on the article by electroplating, removing the electroplated article from the electroplating bath and subjecting it to pulse blow drying to produce a spot-free surface on the electroplated article, and then depositing, by chemical vapor deposition, at least one chemically vapor deposited coating layer on the electroplated article. The electroplated layers are selected from copper, nickel and chrome. The chemical vapor deposited layers are selected from non-precious refractory metals, non-precious refractory metal alloys, non-precious refractory metal compounds, and non-precious refractory metal alloy compounds.

Abstract: An electrolytic refining method for gallium by depositing refined gallium on a cathode in an electrolytic solution using a melted raw gallium material as an anode in an electrolytic cell is disclosed, comprising applying a centrifugal force to the melted raw gallium material and discharging out a scum gathered in the central portion of the cell.

Abstract: The smelting of aluminum from alumina in the Hall-Heroult process can be dramatically improved by lowering power consumption and in the use of carbon free anodes by using a feed of positively charged alumina. Laboratory experiments have shown that the apparent solubility and reactivity of alumina in molten fluoride baths is surprisingly increased by altering the negatively charged aluminum hydroxide Al(OH)4− particles, at about pH of nine, to positively charged particles containing Al+++ with a pH of less than two, by using acid solutions. The alumina thus produced is referred to as Al+++ alumina, or positively charged alumina. In particular, sulfuric acid is used to convert aluminum hydroxide using the Bayer process to a family of basic aluminum sulfates, 3Al2O3.4SO3.9H2O, which are dehydrated and calcined to produce Al+++ alumina.

Abstract: A method for pickling products in a metal alloy containing iron, and products in titanium and alloys thereof, in the absence of nitric acid as an oxidizing agent, and for the recovery of the exhausted solutions, characterized in that the recovery of the exhausted solutions deriving from pickling comprises the following steps: sending of the pickling solution, both as catholyte and as anolyte, in an electro-chemical cell optionally of the membrane type to separate the Fe2+ (or Ti2+) ions to be disposed of, from the Fe3+ (or of the Ti3+ and Ti4+) ions to be recovered, obtained by reduction at the cathode of the Fe3+ ions which are in the catholyte to Fe2+ (or of the Ti3+ and Ti4+ ions to Ti2+) and of oxidation at the anode Fe2+ (or Ti2+) ions which are in the anolyte to Fe3+ (to Ti3+ and Ti4+); treating the catholytic solution coming out of the cell and enriched in Fe2+ (or Ti2+) ions as to allow the separation in two phases, a

Abstract: A sacrificial cores in castings of metallic or non-metallic materials is made from a metal that can be electrolytically dissolved, and is removed from the casting by electrochemical machining. The sacrificial core may be a hollow shell incorporating an integral electrode within the shell and electrically insulated from the shell.