Abstract: A cleaning fluid for use with an inkjet printer having orifices for injecting ink, the surface of the orifices at the injection point being formed by a predetermined material includes a liquid for cleaning the surface of the orifices, such liquid including a di or trihydroxysilane which acts as a biocide, surfactant, and humectant.

Abstract: A replaceable inkjet printhead cleaner service station system has separate replaceable cleaning units for each printhead in an inkjet printing mechanism, which has a pallet that moves the cleaning units translationally to service the printheads. Each cleaning unit has a printhead wiper, a printhead snout wiper, a capping system, a spittoon, and optionally, an ink solvent application system. The application system has a reservoir body impregnated with an ink solvent, and a solvent distribution member including a unitary applicator wick having a ramped portion located to apply the ink solvent to the printhead when an edge of the printhead is brought into contact with the wick. A wick support spring is preloaded to supply a substantially consistent amount of ink solvent to the printhead, regardless of vertical spacing or tolerance variations therebetween. A method is provided for cleaning an inkjet printhead, along with a printing mechanism employing such a system.

Abstract: A device for positioning an ink jet print head and a cleaning and sealing device may be used in a postage meter and/or addressing machine for print media guided along a printing window in a guide plate by a transport device. In order to improve printing quality, the print head stationarily disposed behind the guide plate and the printing window is adjustable out of a printing position to be set in a defined way, into a cleaning and/or a sealing position and back again, and a cleaning and sealing device adapted to the print head can be coupled to the print head in a positionally accurate and functionally appropriate manner. The print head is pivotably secured and the cleaning and sealing device is disposed behind the guide plate, but linearly adjustably toward and away from the print head. A common gear for adjustment of the print head and the cleaning and sealing device is driven by a motor running in only one direction of rotation.

Abstract: A recording head of an ink-jet-recording apparatus has a plurality of nozzles, a plurality of pressure chambers connected to the plurality of nozzles respectively, and an ink saving chamber connected to the plurality of the pressure chambers for supplying ink into the pressure chambers and for temporarily saving the ink. An ink way is connected to the ink saving chamber for supplying the ink into the ink saving chamber. A driver causes respective pressures in the pressure chambers to change in such a manner that the ink is jetted from the nozzles so as to carry out flushing operations of the nozzles. A flushing controller causes the driver to carry out the flushing operations so that a flushing operation for a pressure chamber arranged relatively further from the ink way is delayed in starting for a predetermined time with respect to a flushing operation for another pressure chamber arranged relatively closer to the ink way.

Abstract: A technique for producing high quality output on a mixed-resolution color printing device. Unlike current techniques that impose global ink-limit and dot scheduling constraints, the new method can improve the quality of text and line-art features by rendering the outline at the highest resolution yet maintaining an overall ink-limit by compensating the inside density. The new method uses a programmable unsharp mask filter to detect and outline these edges. The system uses bigger black drops than for the three colors, so the big drops have to be treated differently for avoid saturating the paper. The method allows a little saturation, selectively as necessary, and controls the drop spacing and color correction to minimize the problem for nearby pixels. The result is that the quality of rendering is superior to that of the current rendering methods, especially for text and fine line-art graphics. The technique also limits head heating.

Abstract: An ink-jet recording method which hardly causes ink to blur. To this end, there are provided a correction table (30) which contains the number of ejection ink dots of each color limited in advance according to the combination of the numbers of ejection ink dots instructed for respective colors in a unit area in such a way that the total number of ejection ink dots does not exceed a predetermined limit value, and an error table (31) which contains the errors which may be produced when determining the limited numbers of ejection ink dots of the colors and which are previously calculated and determined according to the combination of the numbers of ejection ink dots instructed for the colors in the unit area. Before printing, a corrected number of ejection ink dots for each color in each unit area is determined from the correction table (30) according to the combination of the numbers of ejection ink dots on which each head is instructed based on binary image data (S25).

Abstract: An ink jet recording head of high printing quality including a plurality of electro-thermal transducers arranged on a substrate corresponding to respective nozzles, wherein each protective layer placed on a resistor constituting each of the plurality of electro-thermal transducers has a thickness-reduced portion at a part thereof so as to increase the distance between the center point of the air bubble of each of the plurality of electro-thermal transducers to longer than the distance between the centers of gravity of each of the plurality of electro-thermal transducers. With the ink jet recording head, the relationship between the amount and the speed of ejected ink droplets can be optimized in accordance with the size of areas of the electro-thermal transducers.

Abstract: A print cartridge receptacle assembly including a first modular print cartridge receptacle for removably receiving and supporting a single first print cartridge, a second modular print cartridge receptacle for removably receiving and supporting a single second print cartridge, a separate locking mechanism on the first and second modular print cartridge receptacles for individually locking the first and second print cartridges in the modular print receptacles, and alignment surfaces on the first and second modular print cartridge receptacles for aligning and interlocking the first modular print cartridge with the second modular print cartridge. First and second print cartridge driver circuits are mounted on the first and second modular print cartridge receptacles and electrically connected with first and second electrical interconnects.

Abstract: An inkjet device having a plurality of ejection electrodes includes a gate electrode plate having a plurality of gate electrodes therein corresponding to the ejection electrodes, respectively. A voltage difference between the ejection electrode and the gate electrode is generated and is changed between a first value and a second value depending on an input signal. The first value is equal to or greater than a threshold value and the second value is smaller than the threshold value. The threshold value is a minimum value which can cause ejection of particulate matter from each ejection electrode.

Abstract: In a dye-vaporization thermal transfer method, a heater is configured of a high-resistance portion that is in contact with a low-resistance portion, image information is conducted to the high-resistance portion by electrodes connected to the low-resistance portion, thereby causing the high-resistance portion to generate heat. Consequently, irregularities in the resistance values of the heaters provided to the transfer portions are suppressed, thereby yielding images with high quality.

Abstract: A recording head records data by correcting a variation among recording elements without significantly increasing a size of a substrate of the recording head. The recording head includes a plurality of heat generating elements and a circuit for energizing the heat generating elements in accordance with record data to record data. Selection information for selecting one of a plurality of pre-heat pulse signals is non-volatilly stored in a ROM and one of the pre-heat signal pulses applied to an input terminal is selected in accordance with the selection information stored in the ROM to pre-heat the heat generating elements.

Abstract: A liquid jet recording head includes a plurality of ejection outlets through which droplets of liquid are ejected by thermal energy, a plurality of liquid passages communicating with the ejection outlets to supply the liquid, a plurality of supply inlets for supplying the liquid to the passages and a plurality of electro-thermal transducers provided for the respective ejection outlets to produce the thermal energy. Each of the electro-thermal transducers has a heating surface, on the bottom of a corresponding passage, for heating the liquid, and the width of each passage measured in the direction in which the passages are arranged is a maximum at a position between an end of the electro-thermal transducer element near the ejection outlet and an end thereof near the supply inlet, and the width decreases both toward the ejection outlet and toward the supply inlet. This allows the bubble created in the passage by the transducer to expand freely and provides energy-efficient droplet ejection.

Abstract: A system for intermittently refilling the cartridge reservoir in an ink jet printer from an off-board ink supply tests the ink flow path prior to initiating a refill operation. Air at a pressure greater than the ink feed pressure is applied to the ink flow path to check the integrity of the system. After venting the system to the atmosphere, a slow leak check is made by closing the system, pressurizing it at the feed pressure, turning off the pressure source and, after a short interval, checking the pressure to see if the feed pressure is being maintained. If the integrity check or the slow leak test should fail, the refill operation is aborted and an indicator is set to alert an operator that intervention is required. During the interval the system is being raised from atmospheric to feed pressure, the air displacement is measured and saved as an indication of whether the amount of ink in the off-board supply exceeds a given level.

Abstract: A method of refilling an ink bag of an ink cartridge for use in an ink-jet recorder. The method includes first removing the ink cartridge and ink bag from the ink-jet recorder. The ink bag may then be refilled by positioning the ink bag on a surface, inserting an ink needle into a port of the ink bag, and by discharging ink from the ink bag and charging the ink bag with a specified quantity of ink.

Abstract: An ink tank includes a housing and an ink absorbing member accommodated in the housing. The ink absorbing member is constructed using a water jet cutter. The ink absorbing member is a thermosetting foamed block having a porous three-dimensional divergent circuit network; the foamed block is molded of a condensate comprising a compound having an amino group and a formaldehyde. The foamed block is formed for placement in the housing by actuating the water jet cutter and worked by actuating the water jet cutter to provide slits or holes in the ink absorbing member different from pores of the foamed block.

Abstract: An ink jet recording apparatus for recording by discharging ink comprises an ink tank for retaining ink to be discharged, an ink jet head provided with a discharge port for discharging retained ink, an ink route connecting the ink tank with the ink jet head to form the ink flow from the ink tank to the ink jet head, a deaerator arranged on the way of the ink route to remove gas contained in ink. For this ink jet recording apparatus, at least the section in which the deaerator is connected with the ink jet head in the ink route is formed by material containing polyvinylidene fluoride resin. With the structure thus arranged, the sufficiently deaerated ink is supplied to the ink jet head for the stable discharges of ink without wasting ink, hence reliably forming precise images at lower costs.

Abstract: An ink jet printing process for improving the water-fastness of an ink jet image comprising the steps of: A) providing an ink jet printer that is responsive to digital data signals; B) loading the printer with an image-recording element comprising a support having thereon an ink-receptive layer comprising a cross-linkable polymer; C) loading the printer with an ink jet ink composition comprising water, an anionic, water-soluble dye and from about 0.1 to about 5% by weight of a hardener; and D) printing on the image-recording element using the ink jet ink composition in response to the digital data signals.

Abstract: A wet-dye hard copy apparatus is provided with a vacuum transport for moving print media from and input, through a print zone, to an output. In order to reduce paper cockle, the print media is subjected to a post-printing predetermined bending while the print dye thereon is drying. In an alternative embodiment, a post-ejection bending heating step is added prior to ejecting a printed print medium to the apparatus output.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an ink-jet printing method comprising ejecting inks by an ink-jet printing apparatus to conduct printing on a cloth, wherein a cloth having water absorption of at least 3 seconds as determined by a method (dropping method) prescribed by JIS L-1096 A is used as said cloth, a shot-in ink quantity per unit area of the cloth is changed to conduct gradation control, and a shot-in ink quantity per ink upon printing of the maximum color density is adjusted within a range of from not less than 8.0 &mgr;g/mm2 to not more than 35.0 &mgr;g/mm2.

Abstract: A color-filter manufacturing method which manufactures a color filter where occurrence of color mixture and colorless portion(s) are prevented while improving ink-arrival precision in applying ink onto a substrate. The method manufactures a color filter by discharging ink from an ink-jet head IJH on a substrate 53 so as to color respective pixels with a plurality of discharge ink. When ink I2 discharged from the ink-jet head IJH is applied not in the form of ink droplet but in the form of pillar onto the substrate 53, the ink I2 is applied at a position within a pixel, where the ink I2 is to mix with previously-applied ink I1.

Abstract: Fashion eyeglasses include a frame for removably securing at least one lens to the head of a wearer, and at least one lens secured to the frame for positioning each lens in front of a respective eye of a wearer. Each lens has a concave external surface remote from the wearer and a convex internal surface adjacent the wearer. Preferably, the center of each lens is adjacent a respective eye of the wearer, and the edge of each lens is remote from the respective eye of the wearer. The eyeglasses may be sunglasses wherein each lens is reflectively mirrored on its concave external surface, thereby to produce to a viewer a magnified and inverted reflection of the viewer.

Abstract: A clip-on sunglass assembly for positioning clip-on lenses with respect to spectacles worn by the consumer including a central body, a first pair of clamping arms extending from the central body with the first pair of clamping arms including a central region and arm extensions, a second pair of clamping arms extending from the central body, the second pair of clamping arms also including a central region and arm extensions in an opposed position with respect to the first pair of clamping arms, a support rail for supporting the lenses mounted on the central body and a spring for biasing the central regions of the first and second pair of clamping arms away from one another and the arm extensions of the first and second clamping arms toward one another for securing the clip-on sun glass assembly with respect to the spectacles.

Abstract: Color Changing Sunglass Frames include two temple support members hingedly attached to a frame assembly. The frame assembly includes a left lens frame and a right lens frame which are identically shaped and attached in the middle by a center support structure. Each lens frame holds a corresponding sunglass lens. The temple support members extend beyond the user's ears to hold the sunglasses on his or her head. The entire sunglass frame is treated with a photo-chromatic dye. As the sunglass frames are exposed to ultraviolet light the photo-chromatic dye will react to the light and the frames will change colors. When the sunglass frames are removed from the ultraviolet light exposure they will return to their original color.

Abstract: A pair of glasses includes a frame including two eyewires. A lens is removably received in each eyewire. A rod is pivotally mounted to a periphery of each eyewire and includes an end that is movable between a first position for retaining an associated lens in an associated eyewire and a second position allowing removal of the associated lens. In an alternative embodiment of the invention, a rod is pivotally mounted between the eyewires and includes two ends. Each end of the rod being movable between a first position for retaining an associated lens in an associated eyewire and a second position allowing removal of the associated lens. At least one protrusion is provided to prevent excessive pivotal movement of the rod.

Abstract: A multifocal artificial ocular lens has at least two corrective areas, namely a near vision area to correct near vision and a distance vision area to correct distance vision. The transparency of the lens varies in inverse proportion to its illumination. A photochromic substance is incorporated into the material of the lens, which improves optical performance. Applications include central near vision contact lenses.

Abstract: Improvement of visual acuity beyond the “20—20” standard or achievement of “super acute vision” is effected by means of either selective refractive surgery or by use of a centering corneal contact lens which non-refractively corrects for natural spherical aberrations of the eye.

Abstract: A fundus measuring apparatus which measures a three-dimensional configuration of a fundus on the basis of stereoscopic images of the fundus. With respect to a left image and a right image of inputted stereoscopic images of the fundus, integration data is obtained by integrating density information concerning at least one direction of its vertical direction and horizontal direction. Parallax information is measured on the basis of differential data obtained-by further differentiating the integral data. The height of each portion of the fundus is determined from left and right images extracted from the stereoscopic images of the fundus on the basis of this parallax information, so as to generate a three-dimensional configuration of the fundus.

Abstract: A corneal-shape measuring apparatus for measuring the shape of a cornea of an eye to be examined includes: a target plate formed of a transparent resin as its material and for projecting targets formed by light-transmitting portions and light-shielding portions onto a wide range of the cornea; a surface emitting plate for illuminating the targets from behind; an imaging optical system for picking up a target image formed on the cornea; a control unit and an image processing unit for analyzing the picked-up target image to determine the corneal shape; and an illuminating light source disposed to allow rays of light to be incident upon an end face of the target plate, wherein the target plate has the targets formed on its front surface facing the cornea, is provided with matte treatment of high reflectivity on a rear surface thereof, and is used jointly with the surface emitting plate.

Abstract: An autostereo projection system uses multiple projectors to form an essentially seamless and extended field of view. Each projector is registered to a CRT display. Shutter elements in each projector create multiple pupils for each CRT display. Each CRT display is driven with different images for each shutter pupil. Seamlessness is promoted by the use of a tunable optical diffuser as part of a common lenticular viewing lens.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a light valve image projector with a disposition for improving the contrast of an optical image projected on a screen by that projector. The projector comprises at least one illumination system, at least one field lens, at least one set consisting of a polarizer, an LCD and an analyzer and at least a projection lens, and presents at least one optical axis which includes an angle &agr; with the optical axis of the projection lenses. The invention consists in positioning the analyzer so that it includes an angle larger than &agr; with the LCD, at least for the light rays that pass through the contrast limited area of the LCD. The invention consists furthermore in placing the polarizer so that it includes an angle larger than &agr; with the LCD. Both the analyzer and/or the polarizer may have a flat or a curved surface.

Abstract: In a single path embodiment of a multimedia projector (30) of the present invention, the light emitted from blue, green, and red generally monochromatic LEDs (72) or LED arrays (70) is propagated through optical fibers (76) and then integrated through an optical integrator (40). A display controller (56) receives image data from a personal computer (58) and converts the data to color frame sequential data delivered to a common display device (44). The display controller (56) synchronizes the data with ON/OFF signals conveyed to an LED power supply (34). Because the synchronization is entirely electronic, the frame sequential information can be cycled much faster and more accurately than can be accomplished with a color wheel system (10).

Abstract: An optical illumination apparatus including a plurality of light sources, elliptical mirrors, a reflecting apparatus for reflecting light in a predetermined direction, a converging apparatus for accepting the light from the reflecting apparatus and sending out substantially parallel light, and two lens array plates, and an image projection apparatus using the optical illumination apparatus. It is possible to highly efficiently and uniformly illuminate an image forming apparatus with light from the plurality of light sources by regulating within constant values an eccentricity of each optical axis of the light coming from the plurality of light sources against an optical axis of the optical illumination apparatus.

Abstract: An off-axis backscreen visual display system having an increased vertical field of view (FOV) is disclosed. The lower edge of the backscreen member in the display system is contoured in accordance with the structure of the aircraft and the observer's point of view. The contouring of the lower edge of the backscreen increases the upward FOV coverage without changing the eyepoint/display relationship.

Abstract: A method for making retroreflective articles that have a layer of optical elements and a multilayer reflective coating disposed on the optical elements. The reflective coating reflects light back into the optical elements so that it can be returned toward the light source. The multilayer reflective coating has at least one polymer layer made by condensing a curing a pre-polymer vapor.

Abstract: A rear view mirror for a vehicle has a reflective member mounted for angular movement about a pivot axis perpendicular to a plane containing both a first line and a second line. The first line bisects the angle between an incident ray and a reflection of said incident ray extending to a first end of the major axis of a vertical section through the eyellipse, and the second line bisects the angle between said incident ray and a reflection of said incident ray extending to a second end of said major axis.

Abstract: A rotatable knob for a control apparatus which is less complex than similar devices and which provides greater self-illumination than do similar devices. In the case of the present rotatable knob, a total reflection surface (13) is established wherein the obverse side (14) of the total reflection surface (13) forms a mantle of a conical or cup-shaped frustum upon which segment-like 90° prisms (16) are radially arranged. Accordingly, the present rotatable knob may be used in operational components for radios, air conditioning units, and the like in motor vehicles.

Abstract: A transparent display panel such as an electroluminescent panel is overlapped on a part of a conventional instrument panel for use in an automobile. The overlapped display panel displays additional information such as navigation maps when required and is turned off under a normal driving condition. When the overlapped transparent display panel is turned off, the conventional instrument panel displays information such as a vehicle speed, an engine speed and so forth. In this situation, overall luminance on the combined display panel is made uniform throughout a whole surface including the area where the transparent display panel is overlapped. To realize the uniformity of luminance, brightness of back lamps for illuminating the instrument panel is adjusted or a filter having an adequate transparency is used. The combined display panel may be also made by combining a non-transparent display panel with a conventional instrument panel.

Abstract: An illumination panel comprises a light source, a photoconductor for guiding light from the light source, and an optical film for emitting light emitted from the photoconductor ahead of an observer. The photoconductor comprises a stepwise face having an incident end face onto which the light from the light source is projected, step faces, and step differentiating faces for emitting the light guided from the light source and connecting the step faces, and reflective films formed on the step faces. The optical film is arranged at the front side of the photoconductor, and has projected incident portions which are opposite to the step differentiating faces in a light emitting direction. The optical film emits the light emitted from the step differentiating faces ahead, and causes the light that is projected from the front to be reflected ahead on reflective faces on the step faces.

Abstract: A large distributed cold-light pattern device comprises from front to back a transparent plate, a color excited layer, a plurality of cold-light units, a plurality of soft cables, a back plate, a cold-light control circuit board, at least a converter, and a power supply. The color excited layer is capable of transforming electromagnetic wavelengths. The color excited layer covers on the back of the thicker transparent plate having supporting function. The luminous surface of each cold-light unit is mounted at the desired place on the color excited layer and is linked with the color excited layer. Each soft cable is individually connected to the lead-out line terminal of each cold-light unit. The overlapping part of each cold-light unit and each soft cable is then laminated. The back plate is installed fixedly on the back of each cold-light unit.

Abstract: A mobile phone in-call indicator for connecting to an antenna of a mobile phone is provided. The in-call indicator mainly includes a lower base having a lower bolt part and an externally threaded head, an upper base screwed to the threaded head of the lower base and having a light-emitting diode and a circuit board mounted thereto, and an ornamental cover rotatably fitted around the upper base to cover the upper base. In case the in-call indicator is mounted onto the mobile phone with the ornamental cover facing toward a direction not exactly the same as that of the mobile phone and therefore resulting in an inconsistent appearance, the cover may be adjusted in its direction simply by separating the upper base from the lower base and turn the upper base relative to the cover.

Abstract: Spring clips for holding lamp shades such as but not limited to fragile globe and funnel shapes, onto lamp fixtures include elongated types clips that connect to the stem beneath the socket of the lamp fixture. The longitudinal clips springably expand within the neck and lower interior expanding portion of the globe shade, securely holding the latter in place to the lamp fixture. The spring clips have great applicability to the light fixtures on ceiling fans offering a secure fastening system that prevents accidental dislodging of the fragile shade when vibrations from the spinning fan occur. The spring clips allow the shades to be more easily put in place over the overhead type light fixtures as compared to the traditional method of using side screws to support and secure the shades. The clips can have hook or barb ends which prevent the accidental release of the shade from the fixture.

Abstract: An improved surgical headlight assembly having a detachable video camera module. The present invention allows viewers at a remote location to observe an operation procedure on a video monitor from a surgeon's visual perspective. The headlight assembly which is secured via a headband placed around the surgeon's forehead, receives light from a light source via a fiber optic cable. The light is sufficient to illuminate the surgeon's area of operation. A video camera is removably affixed to the headlight assembly and, via the use of a roof prism residing within the video camera housing, deflects an erected and accurate image to the video camera, which in turn, transmits the image to a remote video monitor via a coaxial communications cable. A microphone may be provided to allow the surgeon to provide verbal comments to the viewers observing the procedure.

Abstract: A light assembly for attachment to a key, and a method of attaching a light assembly to a key are disclosed. The light assembly comprises a battery, a light source and a switch. The battery is inserted into a hole in the key. The light source is mounted on a notch on the key. The switch connects the light source to the battery. The method comprises the steps of punching a hole into a core area of the key, mounting a light source onto the key, inserting a battery into the hole, and connecting a switch from the light source to the battery.

Abstract: A tool includes one or more batteries received in a handle, and one or more light bulbs secured on a housing. The housing is pivotally coupled to the handle and an electric coupling couples the batteries to the light bulbs and to energize the light bulbs when the housing is rotated relative to the handle. Two conductors are coupled to the light bulbs, and two further conductors couple the batteries to the light bulbs via the conductors of ring-shaped. A ratchet mechanism is disposed in the housing for controlling the driving direction of a driving stem.

Abstract: A Christmas tree ornament spotlight that decoratively illuminates ornaments by means of a miniature spotlight. When not in operation, the present invention is itself a tree ornament. When in operation it both enhances the decorative effect of other ornaments and itself has decorative effect, both in its inherently ornamental housing, and in the patterns of the beams of light cast by its spotlight. The direction of the light beam relative to the vertical and horizontal axes may be adjusted and fixed so as to particularly illuminate neighboring ornaments and/or for creating a distinctive pattern of light beams.

Abstract: A festive decorative lighting system for trees which features a collar that encompasses a circular power bus that is connected to a plurality of light strings that protrude through the sides of the collar and radially descend down the sides of the tree to positions remote from the collar. The user places the collar onto the crown of the tree by using a telescopic pole with a hook that reversibly engages a hoop attached to the top of the collar.

Abstract: A light covering system for use in permanently attaching a holiday light string onto a building structure, and selectively seasonally displaying or concealing the light string. A housing includes a fixed portion and a cover. The fixed portion includes a back plate which is mounted directly to the building structure, a hood, and end plates. The string light extends taut between the end plates so that it does not contact any other portion of the housing. The cover is hingeably attached to the fixed portion so that it may selectively enter a closed position wherein the light string is concealed, and an open position for displaying the light string. A latch selectively holds the cover in the closed position until it is released by pressing a release button.

Abstract: A canopy luminaire (10, 110, 210) for mounting by a single individual in a canopy comprises a luminaire housing (12, 112, 212) having a bulbous body (14, 114) configured to receive the light-emitting section of a lamp and a narrow neck (16, 116). Spring clips (26, 124) are secured to opposing sides of the narrow neck (16, 116) and are adapted to support the luminaire (10, 110) from a canopy. A locking component (31) may be attached to the narrow neck (16, 116) to fixedly secure the luminaire (10, 110, 210) to the canopy. The luminaire (10, 110, 210) may also include externally mounted control gear (80), such as the ballast. Further, the luminaire (10, 110, 210) may include a hingedly attached glass lens (42) to permit quick and easy replacement of lamps. Alternatively, luminaire (210) may include a rotatably attached glass lens (240).

Abstract: A hollow carrier having a handle in the shape of a jack-o-lantern or the like is provided with a light and diffuser assembly. When the light is activated, a portion of the light is reflected onto a path external to the carrier while another portion is reflected back into the carrier illuminating the carriers interior allowing the person holding the carrier to be visible from all directions.

Abstract: A flashlight includes a battery. There is a helical spring at the base of the body. A light emitting element is mounted relative to the body. There is a switching element for opening and closing a circuit between the battery and the light emitting element. There are at least three elements for releasably securing the light to a support, each element permitting the body to be located with the support in a different manner. An electric circuit permits for periodic flashing of the light emitting element, LED.