Abstract: A method and apparatus for depositing a layer having improved film quality at an interface. The method includes the steps of introducing an inert gas into a processing chamber and forming a plasma from the inert gas by applying RF power to the chamber at a selected rate of increase. After RF power has reached full power, a process gas including a reactant gas is introduced to deposit the layer. In a preferred embodiment, the reactant gas is tetraethoxysilane. In another preferred embodiment, the process gas further includes fluorine.

Abstract: A medium for coloring live bait worms comprises a cultivation bed containing one or more worm storage media and a non-toxic amount of a colorant. Live bait worms are incubated in the medium at a temperature and for a time sufficient to allow the bait worms to become colored by ingesting the medium. The colorant is preferably a D&C coloring additive such as a xanthene dye, most preferably D&C Yellow No. 8, and/or D&C Yellow No. 7, and the worm storage medium is preferably peat loam. The worms become colored during an incubation period of up to about one week and retain their color for a prolonged period of time after being removed from the coloring medium.

Abstract: A milking equipment comprises a milking member (1) having teatcups (3) and a milk hose (4) connected to the milking member. A balancing device (6, 10, 11), which carries the milking member and at least a portion of the milk hose, is adjustable to an application position (FIG. 1), at which the balancing device is arranged to balance essentially the weight of the milking member and the weight of said portion of the milk hose in order to permit a milker to apply the teatcups to the teats of an animal without the need for the milker to carry the whole weight of the milking member. Furthermore, the balancing device is adjustable to a milking position, at which essentially the whole weight of the milking member acts on the teats of an animal when the teatcups are attached to the teats.

Abstract: Device for dispensing and/or storing animal food, consisting of at least two parts to be detachably connected to each other, at least one part having a recess so that the parts in assembled condition define a cavity located within, serving to accommodate animal food, and in that the parts to be detachably connected to each other are loosed under the influence of biting and/or chewing movements and/or manipulations of the device with the extremities and/or aids by the animal to be fed, thus enabling access to the animal food to be found in the interior of the device.

Abstract: A device for transporting solid animal waste including a collection member, a drive mechanism, and a storage member. The collection member is orientable between a first position and a second position, wherein in the first position, the collection member receives the waste therein. The drive mechanism is mounted to the collection member for moving the collection member between the first position and the second position. The storage member receives the waste from the collection member and stores the waste therein, wherein in the second orientation, the collection member is disposed adjacent the storage member and transfers the waste to the storage member for storage therein.

Abstract: A fowl attraction device for causing fowl to be distributed within an enclosure includes a support stand for placement in or on the ground or flooring surface within the enclosure and a mesh screen attached to the support stand to be generally vertically oriented. Fowl will be attracted to the attraction device, so one or more attraction devices are placed within the enclosure to for example move fowl inwardly of outer walls of the enclosure.

Abstract: A device for detachably connecting a flashlight to a retractable leash. The device includes a flexible elongated base member having a top and a bottom side. An elastic member attached to the top side of the elongate member creates an aperture there between for removably inserting a flashlight. Two straps are attached to the bottom of the based member for detachably connecting the elongated base member to a handle of the retractable leash.

Abstract: An exhaust heat recovery boiler in which an exhaust gas discharged from a gas turbine into a boiler duct to recover a heat of the exhaust gas and ammonia is injected to and mixed with the exhaust gas to reduce nitrogen oxide contained in the exhaust gas, the exhaust heat recovery boiler comprising: a boiler duct of a horizontal installation type having an inner hollow portion along which an exhaust gas flows from an upstream side to a downstream side; a superheater; an evaporator; a denitration reactor; and an economizer, which are disposed inside the boiler duct in this order from the upstream side to the downstream side of the exhaust gas flow therein. A drum is disposed outside the boiler duct and connected to the evaporator and a downcomer pipe extending from the drum into the boiler duct.

Abstract: A multi-stage heating apparatus having a first stage combustion chamber, a second stage combustion chamber, a primary porous matrix chamber disposed between the first and second stage combustion chambers, a secondary porous matrix chamber, heat exchanger tubes for transfer of heat from the combustion products to a working fluid, a recirculation device for recirculating combustion products in the first and second stage combustion chambers to the root of flames therein. A mixture of fuel and primary oxidant is introduced into the first stage combustion chamber, and the products of combustion therein are conveyed to the porous matrix chamber disposed between the first and second stage combustion chambers. After undergoing intensive heat transfer in the porous matrix chamber, the cooler products of combustion flow into the second stage combustion chamber forming additional products of combustion.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for heating water to one of a plurality of predetermined temperatures and for generating steam. A burner with a water jacket receives water from a pump which obtains water from a water source flowing through one of plurality of different flow circuits. The burner provides heat for heating the water to one of the predetermined temperatures as selected by an operator. The water flow through the burner is regulated by a temperature sensor which senses the temperature of the water within the water jacket. The water flow changes if the temperature sensor senses a temperature which is higher or lower than the predetermined value. Steam may further be generated though a further steam flow circuit to maintain water temperatures with the containers or to heat the water within the containers to desired temperatures.

Abstract: A marine propulsion system is provided with a pump, a filter, and a water injector for injecting a spray or mist of water into the charge air of an internal combustion engine. Water is drawn from a body of water in which a marine propulsion system is operated, in conjunction with a marine vessel, and the water is pumped through a filter before being injected into the charge air of the engine. The filter can be a reverse osmosis device. The engine can be a turbo-charged or normally aspirated engine. The water injection system is suitable for use in association with the 4-cycle or 2-cycle engines.

Abstract: A circulation pump for pumping a fluid, for example for heat interchange, by way of a rotating impeller is included in a circulation system that includes a first feeder liner from a heat source to a cooling device, a return line from the cooling device to the pump and a valve for shunting the outflow from the heat source via a bypass line back to the pump. The bypass line is connected to the pump in such a way that a flow essentially from this line produces and/or increases a pre-rotation of the inflow to the impeller, which pre-rotation results in a reduction of the power required by the engine.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes a siamese engine block having cylinders defined by cylinder walls arranged in series with adjoining cylinders sharing a common wall. The engine block has a coolant jacket defined by a coolant jacket wall radially positioned parallel to and outboard of the cylinder walls to define a coolant passage for coolant flow through the engine block. The coolant passage includes an arc passage and a V-bend passage where the V-bend passage is adjacent the common wall of the adjoining cylinders. The V-bend passage is configured as a narrow rectangular portion having a coolant pocket projecting inboard from the rectangular portion into the common wall to provide heat transfer from the common wall of the cylinder. The cylinder wall includes a protrusion extending into the arc passage and disrupts flow from about the upper one-half of the coolant pocket.

Abstract: A stratified scavenging two-cycle engine is capable of doing away with emission of a mixture into the atmosphere and of reducing intake resistance of air. For this purpose, an air intake port (11) is provided at a position which is a predetermined distance away from scavenging ports (51) toward a crank chamber (20) parallel to the axial direction of the cylinder block (1), and the scavenging ports (51) are connected to the air intake port (11) through a piston (3) to thereby supply air to scavenging flow passages (50) from the air intake port (11) through the scavenging ports (51) at the time of an intake stroke.

Abstract: A reciprocating engine having an engine housing defining a power cylinder, a power piston in the cylinder including a connecting rod extending through the engine housing, a motion transfer mechanism in the engine housing at the end of the connecting rod for translating reciprocating motion of the piston rod to rotary motion of a torque output shaft, and a displacement adjusting mechanism having portions that are common to the motion transmitting mechanism for adjusting the displacement of the engine to effect a variable compression ratio.

Abstract: An electromagnetic actuator for operating a driven component includes first and second electromagnets having respective first and second pole faces oriented toward one another and defining a space therebetween; an armature disposed in the space and movable back and forth between the first and second pole faces; a driving component attached to the armature for moving therewith as a unit; and a resetting spring assembly coupled to the armature and exerting forces opposing movements of the armature caused by electromagnetic forces generated by the electromagnets. The resetting spring assembly is in a relaxed state when the armature is in a mid position between the first and second pole faces. A coupling device connects the driving component with the driven component for effecting a transmission of pushing and pulling forces from the driving component to the driven component to cause displacements of the driven component as a function of displacements of the armature and the driving component.

Abstract: A V-shaped internal combustion engine in which banks of cylinders are V-shaped relative to each other and in which an intake manifold 40 is disposed between the V-shaped banks of cylinders, wherein a hydraulic pressure control valve 50 for controlling hydraulic pressures that are supplied to a hydraulic pressure control device is disposed at an end of a cylinder block 4 in a direction of a crankshaft between the V-shaped banks of cylinders.

Abstract: An assembly for controlling the phase relationship between a crankshaft and a camshaft of an internal combustion engine with an outer ring member which is connectable to the crankshaft for receiving rotating torque therefrom and a hub which is connectable to the camshaft for transmitting torque from the outer ring member utilizes at least one elongated, centrifugally-responsive lever member which is pivotally connected to the ring member for pivotal movement relative thereto between radially inwardmost positions and radially outwardmost positions. Moreover, each lever member is connected to the hub so that movement of the lever member between the radially inwardmost and outwardmost positions effects a rotational shift of the hub relative to the outer ring member about the axis of rotation which alters the phase relationship between the crankshaft and the camshaft driven thereby.

Abstract: Three embodiments of twin overhead camshaft internal combustion engines employing variable valve timing mechanisms for each camshaft. In each embodiment, the variable valve timing mechanisms are supplied with hydraulic fluid from the engine lubricating system through a common supply passage that is formed in the cylinder head and disposed between the variable valve timing mechanism control valves. These control valves are, in turn, disposed between the camshafts at the front of the engine to provide a very compact assembly.

Abstract: A locking mechanism for a device (1) to modify the control timing of cylinder valves of an internal combustion engine, in particular for a vane-cell positioning device. The device (1) consists of a drive wheel (2) driven by a crankshaft of the internal combustion engine, said drive wheel having a cavity (6), and an impeller (8) permanently connected to the camshaft (7) that has at least one vane (12). In the cavity (6) of the drive wheel (2), at least one working chamber (15) is formed by intermediate walls (14) and each of these chambers is divided by an associated vane (12) into two hydraulic pressure spaces (16, 17). When pressure is applied by means of a hydraulic pressure medium, the pressure spaces (16, 17) effect a pivoting motion of the impeller (8) with respect to the drive wheel (2), whereas when the pressure is not applied to one of the pressure spaces (16, 17) the impeller (8) and the drive wheel (2) are mechanically coupled together.

Abstract: An intake manifold has a plurality of branch tubes each joined by brazing in a furnace at one end to a flange on the engine side and at the other end to a surge tank on the throttle chamber side. The surge tank is separated into two pieces or a brazing side member and a non-heating side member. Branch tubes are fixed in position relative to the brazing side member by peen locking with a peening tool or the like and are then joined to the brazing side member by brazing in the furnace. The non-heating side member is not subjected to the brazing in the furnace but is joined to the brazing side member by bolts or the like.

Abstract: The invention relates to an intake manifold arrangement for an internal combustion engine, in particular for a direct injection diesel oil combustion engine, with at least one region with an intake manifold having a flexible manifold wall, with the flexible manifold wall being formed by an inflatable element. In order to achieve a control of the swirl in the easiest possible manner without having a disadvantageous effect on the intake flow it is provided that the inflatable element is arranged in a recess of the intake manifold wall.

Abstract: An oil pick-up tube for carrying oil from an oil reservoir to an oil pump, comprises an oil pick-up end disposed in the oil reservoir, a pump end disposed in the oil pump, and a transporting tube portion to deliver oil from the oil pick-up end to the pump end. The pump end includes an insert cylinder having outer diameter D and an oil outlet, an outer diameter d tube portion, and a flared portion tapering from the insert cylinder to the outer diameter d tube portion. The pick-up tube further comprises an o-ring seal disposed about the outer diameter d tube portion, wherein the diameter D of the insert cylinder is greater than the diameter d of the outer diameter d tube portion for keeping the o-ring seal about the tube prior to assembly with the oil pump.

Abstract: A snorkel duct passes a side of a lower portion of a fuel tank to extend to a front side thereof and an inlet at a front end of the snorkel duct is connected to an intake cover disposed in the area of the front side of the fuel tank. The intake pipe cover is a box shape member substantially in an L-like shape, integrally provided with a side chamber deviated to the left side of a vehicle body and a rear chamber extended therefrom to the center of the vehicle body. An intake port of the intake pipe cover is opened rearwardly from a front end side of an extended portion of the rear chamber. The rear chamber faces a space on a lower side of a stepped portion constituted at a front portion of a bottom portion of the fuel tank and sucks outside air from an optimum position having negligible water, dust or the like content.

Abstract: A rotary engine having a pair of nested rotors positioned with a housing to define a central combustion chamber and four subchambers having variable volumes. Rotors are mounted about a driveshaft extending through the housing. The rotary engine utilizes tunable gas compression and expansion in order to manage emissions without needing exhaust gas recirculation or a complicated and expensive fuel injection system. The rotary engine is relatively simple and inexpensive to manufacture, has no valve train, is vibrationless, has high power density, and has a wide speed range.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for the creation, placement and control of an area of electrical ionization within an internal combustion engine combustion chamber. This area of electrical ionization is positioned so that all of the fuel being injected into the combustion chamber must pass next to or through the area of electrical ionization to ensure that combustion has been initiated for all of the fuel as it is injected. This area of electrical ionization can be kept on as long as it is necessary to insure that the all of the fuel that is injected into the combustion chamber can be completely combusted. An engine equipped with this electrical ionization device has its fuel economy enhanced by timely, controlled, and complete combustion of all of the fuel injected into its combustion chamber. Furthermore, the pollutant emissions of both oxides of nitrogen and unburned hydrocarbons are reduced dramatically.

Abstract: An electromagnetic fuel ram-injector and an improved fuel ignitor are disclosed for independent as well as cooperative use. The injector includes the use of two opposing radially slotted disc armatures attached to a single tubular ram rod to supply fuel to the injector. The ignitor includes the use of heated wire in conjunction with ceramic to provide an ignition source.

Abstract: A direct fuel injection, spark-ignition internal combustion engine wherein fuel mainly proceeds toward a spark plug side wall of a cavity along a bottom wall, is deflected by the spark plug side wall and is led to the vicinity of a spark plug. In the engine, the spark plug side wall of the cavity is provided with a deflecting portion inclined toward the inside of the cavity. A first part of the deflecting portion provided on both sides of the spark plug side wall functions to lead the fuel to the vicinity of the spark plug. A second part of the deflecting portion on the central portion of the spark plug side wall functions to lead the fuel to a region neighboring the side of the fuel injection valve from the vicinity of the spark plug.

Abstract: A method for controlling and adjusting the delivery of liquid pilot fuel to each cylinder of a dual fuel engine during a dual fuel operating mode so as to both minimize the quantity of liquid pilot fuel being delivered to each individual cylinder while, at the same time, ensuring that such minimum quantity of liquid pilot fuel provides complete combustion performance within each such cylinder wherein certain cylinder performance parameters such as exhaust port temperature or cylinder pressure are evaluated on a per cylinder basis in order to determine cylinder performance. The present method establishes certain predetermined incremental changes in the selected cylinder performance parameters, which changes are indicative of poor or deteriorated combustion performance within any particular cylinder, and thereafter varies the amount of liquid pilot fuel delivered to such cylinder based upon an analysis and evaluation of changes occurring in the selected cylinder performance parameters.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine is provided including at least one cylinder having a conventional valvetrain. The valvetrain consists of at least one camshaft, at least one intake poppet valve per cylinder activated by the camshaft and at least one exhaust valve per cylinder activated by the camshaft as well. Rotably disposed within the engine block is a rotatable cylinder liner which is supported from the block with at least two journal bearings. A piston is mounted in each liner for reciprocating movement therein. A connecting rod connects each piston to a crankshaft converting the reciprocating motion to crank rotation. The sleeve rotates with the objective of improving the lubrication conditions of the piston rings and piston. The reduction in friction coefficient between the piston rings and liner at certain portions of the cycle will result in significant frictional benefits.

Abstract: A system and method for controlling operation of an engine during a bog condition is provided. The method allows for monitoring values of a commanded engine RPM signal and of an actual engine RPM signal. The method further allows for determining whether the difference between respective values of the commanded engine RPM signal and the actual engine RPM signal exceeds a predetermined threshold RPM value. An inflection determining step allows for continuing to monitor values of the actual engine RPM signal to determine an inflection RPM point. A varying step allows for controllably varying the commanded engine RPM signal from a predetermined point about the inflection RPM point towards a desired commanded speed value.

Abstract: A throttle control system including a throttle body, an air intake coupled to the throttle body providing air flow to the throttle body, a fuel supply apparatus coupled to the throttle body, where the air intake and the fuel supply apparatus, in conjunction, provide a combustible fuel-air mixture, a throttle plate coupled to the throttle body, an actuator coupled to the throttle plate to move the throttle plate within the throttle body to control at least the air flow to the throttle body, and a fuzzy logic controller controlling the actuator position and speed to provide for a desired air flow.

Abstract: In order to prevent a damage on a component forming a pressure feed fuel passage and to reduce a fuel injection pump in size and weight, the pressure feed fuel passage having fuel discharge passage, fuel chamber and accommodation hole formed in respective cylinder heads is formed straightly in respective cylinder heads, and has communication port for communicating with fuel pressure chamber and fuel outlet which has an opening at an outer peripheral wall of the cylinder heads. Fuel pressurized in fuel pressure chamber at the cylinder head side is introduced into fuel chamber of cylinder head via fuel passage and fuel lines. Fuel pressurized in both fuel pressure chambers is merged at fuel chamber of cylinder head, and is supplied to a common-rail via fuel passage.

Abstract: A clamping device for clamping a fuel injector to the cylinder head of an internal combustion engine, the fuel injector having a fuel injector body including a injector nozzle tip includes a hold down device for clamping to an object and a seal device for effecting a fluid seal with a plurality of fluid passageways defined in the cylinder head, the sealing device associated with each fluid passageway being compressible by a unidirectional force applied to the hold down device. A fuel injector for an internal combustion engine, the fuel injector having a fuel injector body including a injector nozzle tip includes a hold down device for clamping to an object and a seal device for effecting a fluid seal with a plurality of fluid passageways defined in the object, at least one seal device having a dimensional range in which an effective seal is made, the dimensional range being at least as great as the range of manufacturing tolerances existing is between the fuel injector and the object.

Abstract: A gaseous-fueled reciprocating internal combustion engine includes a carburetor having a throttle valve that is controlled by a speed governor. A proportional fuel control valve is disposed intermediate a fuel supply and the carburetor, and is controlled by an air fuel computing device. The computing device generates a control signal to adjust the fuel control valve based on a governor sensed variable indicative of engine speed, sensed engine torque, a governor output signal from the governor indicative of an opening position of the throttle valve wherein 100% corresponds to a wide open throttle position, and 0% corresponds to a closed position, and a lean combustion control map containing predetermined set point values stored in memory.

Abstract: An engine comprises an engine housing. A first engine fluid sub-system that includes a first pump and the engine housing defining a first fluid passage is also included in the engine. The engine also includes at least one additional engine fluid sub-system that includes a second pump and the engine housing defining a second fluid passage. A rotating shaft is at least partially positioned in the engine housing, the first pump and the second pump.

Abstract: A recirculating valve for the fuel system of an internal combustion engine includes a valve body with a fuel supply passage and a fuel return passage. An air separation chamber and a restricted orifice are provided in the fuel return passage. A pressure valve allows excess heated return fuel in the air separation chamber to recirculate with the fuel in the fuel supply passage. The valve also directs return air back to the tank and prevents the air from passing to the engine. A thermal actuator maintains the pressure valve in a closed condition when the fuel increases above a predetermined temperature. A relief valve can be provided in the fuel return outlet port to allow fuel to easily pass back to tank during normal operating conditions.

Abstract: A fuel vapor purge system has an apparatus for detecting leakage. The apparatus detects leakage based on a detected pressure in the tank. A remaining amount of fuel indicating a capacity of air in the tank and an introducing time of a negative pressure indicating an evaporated amount of fuel are taken into consideration of a detecting process. Therefore, the leakage detection is carried out accurately by compensating influences on the detected pressure by the remaining amount of fuel and an evaporated amount of fuel.

Abstract: A conversion system for converting a spark ignition engine to operate on gaseous fuel is disclosed. The conversion system includes an electronic controller which operates on several novel principles to provide superior performance/responsiveness and to reduce exhaust emissions. The controller in accordance with the invention assumes complete control of spark ignition timing when gaseous fuel mode is enabled and generates independent spark ignition signals tailored to the gaseous fuel. The controller also generates an independent pulse width modulated gaseous fuel injection signal that controls a high performance electronic solenoid injector valve to supply gaseous fuel to the engine. Variable injector speed is used to compensate for the dynamic range of the engine. A novel dual array block learn scheme is used to provide efficient fuel control in engines equipped with closed-loop monitoring systems and exhaust gas recirculation.

Abstract: A supercharger clutch system has a clutch housing (52) in which a clutch pack (84) is disposed to transmit torque from an input, such as a pulley (66), to one of the timing gears (58). The clutch pack (84) is disposed within a cage (92), having a spring seat member (98) adjacent thereto. A set of springs (104) biases the seat member and the clutch cage (92) to engage the clutch pack (84). On the opposite side, axially, of the clutch pack there is a piston (76) including a portion (80) surrounding the clutch cage (92) and engaging the seat member (98). The piston (76) and the clutch housing (52) define a pressure chamber (106) which, when pressurized, causes movement of the piston in a direction compressing the springs (104) and disengaging the clutch pack. The invention provides a method of controlling the clutch system by means of an electrohydraulic valve (110) which can communicate the pressure chamber (106) to either high pressure (112) or low pressure (132).

Abstract: An exhaust gas recirculation control system for bringing an actual amount of air that is detected by an air flow sensor to a target value by feedback controlling a valve lift of an EGR valve throttles down a throttle valve immediately before an exhaust gas inlet port of an intake passage when a large amount of exhaust gas is intended to be recirculated. When the largest actual amount of air is reduced due to closing the throttle valve, the target amount of air is changed smaller so as to ensure the actual amount of air to reach the target value through the feedback control.

Abstract: A method and system for the intake air separation within an internal combustion engine is disclosed. The disclosed embodiments of the intake air separation system includes an intake air separation device adapted for separating the intake air into a flow of the oxygen enriched air and a flow of nitrogen enriched air; an intake air circuit adapted to deliver intake air to the air separation device, and a purge air circuit adapted to deliver a flow of sweep air or purge air to the intake air separation device to increase the effectiveness of the air separation. The intake air separation device includes a first outlet in fluid communication with the intake air separation device and adapted to receive a flow of the oxygen enriched air and purge air as well as a second outlet also in fluid communication with the intake air separation device and adapted to provide the glow of nitrogen enriched air to the intake manifold for use in the combustion process.

Abstract: A heating plate for a heat storage range cooker which is mounted in an aperture in a surrounding surface, on a base in connection with a heat source. The heat source heats the heating plate. In addition, an adjustment mechanism is provided between the heating plate and the base to allow relative movement of the heating plate with respect to the base.

Abstract: A side terminal for a direct vent operably connected to the outside wall of a structure within which a fireplace is located. The side terminal is configured such that the exhaust duct carrying combustion gases is located a predetermined distance away from a curved surface. The combustion gases impact the curved surface and are smoothly dissipated along the curved surface to atmosphere thereby reducing backpressure in the exhaust duct and enhancing combustion efficiency.

Abstract: An artificial campfire device is disclosed and is fueled by a pressurized fuel source. The device includes a base receptacle which defines an open top, the base receptacle being adapted for placement on a ground surface. A burner member is positioned within the receptacle and is adapted to provide a flame of variable height. A fuel control mechanism is adapted for coupling a pressurized fuel source with the burner member for controlling the flow of fuel to the burner member and the size of flame emitted by the burner member. Finally, a plurality of artificial refractory log members are adapted for assembly in crisscross fashion to form a log cluster in the base receptacle.

Abstract: A portable heat generating device in which fuel vapor and an oxygen supply (e.g. air) are directed through channels contained within a. thin, flexible and compliant elastomeric sheet of material. Elongated catalytic heat elements, placed strategically within the channels, spontaneously interact with the fuel-air stream liberating heat energy. Means and methods are defined that permit flameless catalytic combustion to be uniformly extended over the length of each heat element, lowering power density but maintaining the overall power generated, permitting the use of many types of low temperature materials like plastics, polymers, and elastomers in the construction of the heater. The heat generation process is started by pumping an air stream into a reservoir containing a fuel source (e.g. methanol) thereby saturating the air stream with fuel vapor.

Abstract: Improved heaters and self-heating packages that function without application of external energy. Heat is generated by contact of a heat-producing composition, such as calcium oxide, and an activating solution which is typically water. The heater contains multi-compartments containing heat-producing composition and activating solution. The heater is activated by application of hand pressure to rupture a frangible seal which allows the heater components to mix. The heater compartments are at least in part formed from flexible walls. The self-heating package has one or more products or product containers in thermal contact with one or more heaters. In preferred packaging embodiments, the heating package has one or more product containers or pouches in thermal contact with one or more heaters. In a specific embodiment, the product container is integrally formed with the heater. Preferred self-heating packages are constructed entirely of flexible packaging materials.

Abstract: A portable rescue breathing device provides people with minimal training with the ability to assist victims who are breathing inadequately or not at all. The portable rescue breathing device provides a pressurized source of air at a controlled and varying rate. The portable breathing device also provides voice instructions to people using the device to assist a victim and monitors pressure to provide diagnostic data.

Abstract: A safety system prevents inadvertent mixing of different anaesthetic agents, during replenishment wherein a new anaesthetic is replenished from a container to an anaesthesia machine containing a flow channel for the delivery of liquid anaesthetic, with a first anaesthetic being present downstream from the flow channel. Inadvertent mixing of different anaesthetics is avoided because the safety system has a measurement unit for identifying the new anaesthetic before the new anaesthetic comes into contact with the first anaesthetic. The measurement unit is arranged upstream from the first anaesthetic.

Abstract: The present invention includes a method for treating a patient in need of facilitated oxygen delivery through the lungs, additional lung surfactant, removal of material from inside the lung, or inflation of collapsed portions of the lung, comprising the step of introducing into the lung of the patient an effective therapeutic amount of a fluorocarbon liquid, the amount not exceeding the functional residual capacity of the lung of the patient upon exhalation taking into account any positive and expiratory pressure applied to the patient's lung. The method may also comprise the additional step of providing an oxygen-containing breathing gas to the patient while the fluorocarbon liquid is in the lung.