Abstract: Apparatus for forming tapered spiral tubes from strips, is disclosed. The apparatus comprises a spiral tube forming system for forming a strip into a spiral tube; a strip infeed system adapted for feeding a strip to the pipe forming system; and computer-controlled means for continuously varying the angular orientation of the tube forming system relative to the strip infeed system to selectively vary the diameter of the forming tube. The selective variation of the diameter includes linearly tapered and curved profiles, as well as constant (unchanging) diameter profiles and combinations thereof.

Abstract: In a pipe forming process using bending rolls, load applied to an upper roll is reduced to suppress the deflection of the upper roll, thereby suppressing creation of large end gap at the longitudinal center of the pipe, thus enabling production of high-strength, thick-walled elongated pipes. This is achieved either by (1) setting the roll spacing L between lower rolls to a value greater than the sum of the diameter Dwu of the upper roll 34 and the diameter Dwl of each of the lower rolls 32, and setting the amount S of tightening of the upper roll 34 with respect to the lower rolls 32 to a value greater than the radius Rwl of each of the plural rolls; or by (2) effecting pipe forming work on the sheet material such that the spacing L of the lower rolls 32 satisfies the following condition: (Dp+Dwl)>L≧0.

Abstract: A rotary apparatus (20) for rotary forming of a web workpiece (12) and having a rotatable first roll unit (32) and corresponding rotatable second roll unit (34), a first die support (46) carried by the first roll unit (32), having a leading edge (51) and a trailing edge (52) respective to rotation of the first roll unit (32), a second die support (46) carried by the second roll unit (34), having a leading edge (51) and a trailing edge (52) respective to rotation of the second roll unit (34), the first and second roll units (32, 34) receiving a web workpiece (12) in a forming plane between the first and second roll units (32, 34), and in which each die support (46) includes a first part (46a) carried by the respective roll unit and including the leading and trailing edge and a second part (46b) having a platen surface for mounting a die, the second part (46b) being mounted on the first part (46a) for reciprocal motion transverse to the leading and trailing edges (51, 52).

Abstract: A process of forming an annular member from a cylindrical member, wherein a force is applied to the cylindrical member in an axial direction thereof, to thereby cause plastic deformation at one of opposite axial end portions of the cylindrical member, such that a flange extends in a generally radial direction from one of opposite axial ends of the cylindrical member which corresponds to the above-indicated one of the opposite axial end portions, and a shearing operation is effected on the flange to punch out the annular member.

Abstract: There is provided a method of deep drawing magnesium material, which material is superior in environmental compatibility and energy saving properties. The deep drawing method of the invention uses a die having a male mold 1 with a convex portion, and a female mold having a concave surface. In the method of the invention, a mounting table is placed between the male mold and the female mold for supporting a magnesium plate, and a layer of a plurality of thin resin films is placed on the magnesium plate. Further, a central portion of the magnesium plate is kept in contact with the convex portion 12 of the male mold, and the concave surface of the female mold is moved to cooperate with the convex portion of the male mold so that deep draw forming of the magnesium plate is achieved.

Abstract: In a process for determining the number of components involved in the formation of peaks, bands, and signals which are obtained in spectrograms where energy-correlated measurement values, such as extinctions, increase and decrease as a function of an evolving parameter, such as time, four different measurement values with at least three evolving parameter values are determined, three differences are formed from the four energy-correlated measurement values on the basis of the same evolving parameter, two quotients are formed from the respective differences and the two quotients are plotted over one another in a diagram, whereby a point is obtained if one component is responsible, a straight line is formed if two components are responsible and a curve is formed if more than two components are responsible for the formation of the peaks, bands, or signals.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting structural integrity and localizing leaks from fluid storage holding structures, such as fuel supply storage tanks and fluid carrying pipelines. The invention comprises at least one reference electrode or material and at least one sample collection container containing an absorbent/adsorbent material. The sample container is positionally moveable within at least one perforated pipe disposed below the fluid holding structure. Leaking substances from the holding structure flow into the perforated pipe, into the sample container, and are absorbed/adsorbed. By removing the sample container from the pipe, the quantity, quality and position of the leak is detected.

Abstract: A hot fill apparatus for use in the testing of hollow thermoplastic containers, the apparatus having a reverse osmosis filter system, a heater system and a fill head system. The reverse osmosis filter system removes chlorine and other particulates and contaminants from the water prior to the water entering the heater system. The heater system is designed to maintain strict temperature control of the water while maintaining a steady flow rate and pressure. The fill head system includes a manually operated spigot and an automatically operated fill head, the operations of which are mutually exclusive.

Abstract: A device and a method for pipeline leakage detection. A pipeline leak detector travels through the bore of a pipeline, applies a test pressure to a fluid contained within the pipeline, and measures the resultant rate of change of pressure in the pipeline by using back extrapolation of the test data to determine an initial pressure drop rate. The degree of leakage at a given position in the pipeline is then determined from the rate of change of pressure in the pipeline.

Abstract: In a method of analyzing a concentration of a target substance contained in a fluid using a quartz oscillator having a surface covered with a layer capable of absorbing the target substance, the temperature of the fluid and the quartz oscillator is controlled at substantially the same predetermined temperature selected according to the concentration of the target substance in said fluid, so that the analysis can be made with optimum sensitivity. A device for analyzing a concentration of a target substance contained in a fluid, includes a contacting chamber accommodating a quartz oscillator, a temperature controller, disposed in a feed passage for feeding the fluid into said contacting chamber, for adjusting a temperature of the fluid at a desired predetermined temperature; and a detector of a frequency of the quartz oscillator.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of determining a film thickness and comprises identifying a depth associated with a defect in an underlying material and forming the film over the underlying material. The method further comprises identifying a depth associated with the defect in the film and then using the identified depths to determine the film thickness. The present invention also relates to a system for determining a film thickness and comprises a defect inspection tool operable to identify a location of one or more defects in an underlying material and a topology measurement tool operable to measure a change in topology of a surface. The system also comprises a controller operably coupled to the defect inspection tool and the topology measurement tool.

Abstract: A pneumatic vehicle tire includes a carcass, a bead with a bead core arranged in the bead, and a first sensor located within the bead. The first sensor delivers signals which are correlated to frictional forces transmitted by the pneumatic vehicle tire during operation. This sensor has a first end and a second end, wherein the first end includes a heel attached to the bead core and the second end extends radially outward from the bead core within the tire. A plurality of such sensors can be included in each tire, some for measuring longitudinal forces in a circumferential direction of the tire and others for measuring lateral forces in an axial direction of the tire.

Abstract: An apparatus for identifying between summer tires and winter tires based on rotational information obtained from tires attached to a four-wheeled vehicle equipped with a limited slip differential device. The apparatus comprises a rotational information detecting means for detecting rotational information of each of the tires, a memory means for storing rotational information of each of the tires, an arithmetic processing means for respectively calculating reciprocals of turning radiuses based on rotational information of tires attached to a driving shaft as well as judged value based on rotational information of each of the tires, and an identification means for identifying whether the tires attached to the driving shaft are summer tires or winter tires from a relationship between reciprocals of turning radiuses and the judged value. It is possible to accurately perform detection of decrease in tire air-pressure since alarm is generated upon identification of the tires.

Abstract: A nanoindentation apparatus is used to measure adhesion strength of a hard, thin film to a soft substrate. A variably increasing load is applied to the indenter tip. The indenter tip penetrates into the thin film at a first penetration rate and causes the thin film to sink into the substrate thus causing a tensile stress at the film substrate interface. At a critical value of the applied load, the stress at the interface exceeds the delamination value, and the thin film partially delaminates from the substrate. This causes the indenter tip to sink into the softer substrate at a sudden second, higher penetration rate. A sensor detects the applied load and the indenter tip penetration depth at this point. A computer flags the critical value of the applied load that corresponds to the increased penetration depth rate at the point of delamination of the film.

Abstract: The present invention relates to magnetic flow meters comprising a floating member, made of magnetically responsive material and residing within a tubular conduit, through which the fluid flows. The flow meters are provided with a means for producing magnetic field in the conduit. A response signal is generated upon displacement of the float member within the magnetic field by the flowing fluid. Flow rate value is obtained by processing the response signal and comparing it with a calibration curve.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining the internal pressure of a sealed container are disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting ultrasonic energy generated by a mechanical device and for applying lubricant to the device is presented. The apparatus includes a lubrication tool, such as a grease gun, which has a lubrication delivery element for delivering lubrication to the mechanical device. An ultrasonic transducer is contained in a housing which is removably attached to the outside of the lubrication delivery element. The housing is configured to acoustically isolate the transducer from the lubrication tool. An acoustic waveguide depending from the housing is provided to carry ultrasonic energy from the device to the transducer when the lubrication tool is applied to the device. An electrical circuit, which may be attached to the lubrication device, produces an output signal which indicates the magnitude of detected ultrasonic energy.

Abstract: A force sensor has an elastically deformable carrier (10; 110) which absorbs the force to be measured and on which there are a first and a second strain measurement element (21, 31; 121, 131) arranged such that the elastic deformation of the carrier (10; 110) which is caused by the force leads to different elongations in the two strain measurement elements (21, 31; 121, 131). This difference in elongations is used as a measure for the force to be measured. The force sensor as claimed in the invention is largely immune to disruptive ambient influences such as temperature changes, electromagnetic interference, tensile, compressive and/or shearing forces in the lengthwise direction of the tube, shearing forces transversely to the lengthwise direction of the tube, etc. Wheel load scales with several force sensors as claimed in the invention have such a short response time that it enables measurement of the wheel loads of moving vehicles.

Abstract: A device for measuring fluid flow rates has a body defining a conduit for the fluid, the body having selectable first and second configurations, in the first configuration the body presents a first constriction in the conduit for measuring a first range of fluid flow rates, and in a second configuration the body presents a second construction in the conduit for measuring a second range of fluid flow rates, the second constriction being narrower than the first constriction, the body being arranged for operative connection to parts for determining the pressure difference between each constriction.

Abstract: A rolling contact bearing is fitted at one end thereof with a sealing device and a device for measuring the relative revolving speed between the bearing races. The sealing device comprises a metal insert (10) of annular shape fast for rotation with the rotating bearing race (11). The speed measuring device comprises a multipolar ring (18) mounted to the metal insert (10) and provided with magnetized segments of alternate polarity in the circumferential direction. The multipolar ring (18) is a ring of plastoferrite co-molded to the metal insert (10). Formed on the insert (10) is formed a plurality of radial recesses (21) adapted to yield, in the co-molding operation, a corresponding plurality of radial protrusions (22) in the multipolar ring (18). The radial recesses and protrusions (21, 22) are mutually engaged so as to prevent relative rotation between the multipolar ring (18) and the metal insert (10), but allow relative radial displacement owing to thermal variations.

Abstract: A process for sampling aldehydes and ketones contained in diluted exhaust gases from thermal combustion engines uses a sampling unit that has a specific trapping circuit and a simulation circuit that simulates the specific trapping circuit. The specific trapping circuit and the simulation circuit are arranged in parallel. The diluted gases are passed for some time in the simulation circuit (5) before they are passed into specific trapping circuit wherein aldehydes and ketones are trapped.

Abstract: A bulk sampling device for sampling mixtures of powder and semi-solid compositions. The sampling device comprises an apertured hollow outer tubular casing for receiving an inner receiving rod with adjacent non-communicating sample ports for holding sampled materials. The inner rod also contains removable partitions located between each sample port thereby forming non-communicating sample ports and diminishing the risk of leakage and contamination between each port. The removable partitions, located between the sample ports, are dimensioned and positioned within the partition receiving slots such that each partition remains trapped between the outer hollow tubular casing and the receiving rod when the device is assembled. The distal end of the device has a solid cone, and the proximate end has a handle to manipulate and rotate the inner receiving rod and sample ports to obtain volumetric sampling.

Abstract: The invention concerns a hypoid gear structure which includes a hypoid ring gear disposed coaxially with a rotation axis and a hypoid pinion gear provided with a rotation axis of an electric motor and engaging with the hypoid ring gear. The hypoid gear includes a first toothed portion disposed on the inner side and a second toothed portion disposed on the outer side, and one of the first toothed portion and the second toothed portion is urged by a spring to press the hypoid pinion gear.

Abstract: A shift lever apparatus comprises a shift lever connected to a gearbox of a vehicle, a rod integrally moved together with the shift lever within the shift lever due to shift-operation of the lever, a detent member having a detent hole formed therein, a restricting portion formed on the detent hole, and a base member supporting the shift lever in a pivotable manner. The shift lever, by being shift-operated to a predetermined shift position, changes a shift range to a predetermined shift range which corresponds to the predetermined shift position, among a plurality of shift ranges set at the gearbox. The rod has a projection portion toward an outer side of the lever and movable with respect to the shift lever due to a releasing operation. The projection portion penetrates and enters into the detent member located opposite the projection portion along a direction in which the projection portion moves as the lever is shift-operated. The restricting portion can be avoided by a releasing operation.

Abstract: A pair of five-bar mechanisms having their pivotal axes parallel are each mounted at one end to a base and are interconnected at their other ends by a crankshaft to obtain a manipulator generating three degrees of freedom planar motion of an end-effector. Redundant actuation may be used to generate an unlimited rotation range and an extensible link in the crankshaft may be used to provide adjustable torque capabilities during operation.

Abstract: In a steering column (1) which is telescopic in the event of a crash, an outer column tube (6) is connected to a stem (7) by means of a shearing body (10). This two-piece shearing body (10) has a shearing area which is reduced relative to its external dimensions and is determined by a projection connecting its two sections (11, 12). The shearing body (10) can therefore absorb relatively large axial forces, for example for assembly purposes, and yet permits maximum admissible shearing forces which can be set largely as desired and which at the same time can be reproduced with high accuracy.

Abstract: A pedal supporting structure in which a pedal is prevented from being moved in a direction toward a passenger compartment if a deformation occurs in a dash panel in the direction toward the passenger compartment. A pedal bracket pivotally supports a lever portion of the pedal. A connection mechanism disengageably engages a portion of the pedal bracket to a body member located near the pedal bracket. A guiding mechanism guides movement of the pedal bracket so that the movement of the pedal bracket causes movement of the pedal relative to the body member in a rear-to-front direction of the vehicle.

Abstract: A foot pedal for a cycle has adjustable components on its surface to alter the engagement of the pedal with the boot of a rider of the cycle. Pegs are threadably installed in bores in the pedal and are adjustable upwardly and downwardly to provide a variance in the surface of the pedal. In one embodiment, the frame of the pedal has replaceable support blocks for receiving the adjustable pegs. Another variation has upstanding teeth in combination with the adjustable pegs.

Abstract: A pneumatic control system for a range type compound transmission is provided including a first actuator valve that selectively connects a first range cylinder chamber to a pneumatic source when a high range shift is requested by the vehicle operator, and a second valve that selectively connects a second range cylinder chamber to a pneumatic source when the main transmission is in gear, but exhausts the second chamber when the main transmission section is in neutral.

Abstract: A hammerhead made of tool steel and having in combination a pair of asymmetric claws and a magnetic nail holder, the holder being in the form of a T-shaped notch and a permanent magnet having a very high field intensity as compared to the conventional permannet magnet.

Abstract: A roofing tool having a blade of generally quadratic shape with a front edge, a rear edge, and side edges joining the front and rear edges. The tool has two teeth extending forwardly from the front edge of the blade, at least the front ends of the teeth adapted to be easily slipped under roofing shingles. The inner sides of the teeth are beveled allowing the teeth to slip under the heads of shingle nails to be able to lift them. A nail receiving slot is provided in the blade between the teeth extending rearwardly from the front edge of the blade. This slot can be used to lift shingle or framing nails. At least the front ends of the teeth can be spaced apart a distance greater than the width of roof framing members so the teeth can straddle the framing member and the teeth can be used to lever sheathing boards up from the framing member.

Abstract: A tool for removing damaged fasteners and a method for making such tool wherein the tool (10) includes a first end (12) and a second end (14) with an outside surface (32) and an inside surface (40) defined between ends (12) and (14). A portion (46) of inside surface (40) is in the shape of an hexagonal frustum (54) that has a major end (58) and that includes spiral splines (25). Splines (25) have constant depth between the major end (58) and the minor end (56) of frustum (54) and the relief angle (£) of splines (25) decreases in the direction from minor end (56) toward major end (58). In the method for making the tool (10), a tubular section (118) is made from a tapered blank (91) by piercing one end of the tapered blank with a pierce punch (132). One end of the tubular section is then driven onto a splined punch (162) to provide splines in one end of the tubular section.

Abstract: A reversible ratchet wrench includes a casing fastened to a tool handle to hold a tool bit holder shank and a tool bit at the shank, a forward control ratchet wheel and a backward control ratchet wheel concentrically mounted in the casing and supported on a respective spring means, a stop control ratchet wheel coupled to the tool bit holder shank for synchronous motion and forced by spring means into engagement with the forward control ratchet wheel and the backward control ratchet wheel, and a rotary control knob mounted on the casing and turned between a first position where the stop control ratchet wheel is maintained meshed with the forward control ratchet wheel and the backward control ratchet wheel, a second position where the forward control ratchet wheel is disengaged from the stop control ratchet wheel for enabling the tool bit holder shank to be rotated with the stop control ratchet wheel in one direction, and a third position where the backward control ratchet wheel is disengaged from the stop cont

Abstract: The invention relates to an open-end wrench having a clamping jaw which is rigidly connected to a wrench handle in a fixed manner. A spring-loaded, moveable clamping jaw is pivotally mounted on the fixed clamping jaw. A recess, which recoils opposite the plane of the clamping surface, is connected to the clamping surface of the fixed clamping jaw on the gripping side. The moveable clamping jaw has a recess located in the area between the clamping surface of the jaw and the pivot point thereof. In an opened state of the wrench, said recess approximately corresponds to the recess behind the fixed clamping jaw. The wrench can be handled similarly to a fixed open-end wrench, whereby it enables a ratcheting action and has a self-clamping operation.

Abstract: An adjustable tool handle device includes a barrel slidably, and rotatably engaged on a handle. A channel is formed in the handle for receiving a rod and has two narrower ends. The barrel may be slided and adjusted relative to the handle when the rod is engaged in a greater middle portion of the channel of the handle. The barrel may be clamped between the barrel and the handle to secure the barrel and the handle together when the rod is engaged in either of the narrower ends of the channel of the handle. A catch may prevent the barrel from being disengaged from the handle.

Abstract: A protective tool cover for preventing damage to objects being worked upon with tools. The protective tool cover includes at least one cover member being adapted to cover the gripping and tool-working portions of a tool and also being made of plastic to substantially prevent certain objects from being scratched and dented during the use of the tool. A first embodiment of the cover member includes a pair of jaw-like end portions interconnected with a main portion and being fitted upon a wrench having jaw-like end portions. A second embodiment of the cover member includes a pair of cover members each having an object-gripping wall, end walls, an open side, and an open end and being fitting on the jaw-like portions of a pipe wrench. A third embodiment of the cover member includes a cylindrical member having a ratcheted outer surface and a ratcheted inner surface and being insertable in a socket.

Abstract: A tool is described for adjusting a slack adjuster. A slack adjuster includes an adjustment bolt and a sealing plate disposed about the adjustment bolt. The tool includes an end including a hex-shaped aperture for engaging the hex-shaped head of the adjustment bolt. The tool also includes an annular face including a pair of spaced apart pins for engaging the sealing plate. A hex is formed on the outer surface of the tool for engagement by a wrench.

Abstract: A cutting mechanism having a movable carriage and two cutters. Each cutter has an anvil that opposes a blade, and one of these is a roller that rolls against the other for progressively biasing material against the blades, producing cuts through the material. The rollers are rotatably mounted to the carriage, which is mounted to a lead screw that controls the position of the carriage. As the carriage moves across the material, the rollers roll, and the material is cut. The space between the anvil and the blade of at least one of the cutters can be varied to disengage that cutter so that the rolling of the roller will not cut the material. The engagement and disengagement of the cutter is dependent on the position of the carriage.

Abstract: In connection with this ammunition-feeding device, an axial transport device (19) with a conveyor chain (34) is provided between a conveyor (6) and a transfer station (20) for transferring cartridges (2) to a revolver drum (25) of a revolver cannon, by means of which the cartridges (2) are displaced in their longitudinal direction during transport vertically in respect to the movement direction of the conveyor chain (34). A buffer shaft (35) is provided for driving the conveyor chain (34), wherein the drive by means of the buffer shaft (35) takes place in such a way that, prior to being transferred to the transfer station (20), the cartridges (2) are brought into a buffer position.

Abstract: Pistons, which are reciprocated by a swash plate of a compressor, have two separate parts joined together. Each piston has a body and a coupler. The coupler is connected to the swash plate. The body is made of thermosetting resin. The body is molded to the coupler. Accordingly, the piston body to be firmly connected to the coupler.

Abstract: An automated coffee making process that uses a multi-stage combination coffee brewer and grinder that produces coffee of superb aroma and taste. The coffee making process is controlled by the consumer by means of a control panel located on the front of the coffee maker. Using the control panel, the consumer can select the time the coffee making process begins and the strength of the coffee prepared. The coffee making process is a closed loop cyclic process comprising a coffee making cycle and a self-cleaning cycle. The cleaning cycle cleans the filter and the cooking section of the coffee maker which ensures a delicious cup of coffee every time. The coffee maker comprises a motor section, a can section, a grinding section, a cooking section, and a pot section. The freshly prepared coffee is brewed in the cooking section. After a period of time that is selected by the consumer, the coffee residing in the cooking section is discarded, the coffee maker is cleaned, and freshly brewed coffee is prepared.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for processing large hay bales of approximately 750 kg to produce smaller recompacted manageable units to facilitate shipping in containers. The apparatus provides means for cutting the bales into at least two slabs, preferably three slabs, and means for cutting those slabs into two approximately equal pieces. Means are provided for each piece to be recompressed, strapped and cut again to provide units having an approximate weight of 35 kg.

Abstract: A bindery compactor receives and compacts simultaneously large particulate paper waste and pneumatically conveyed fine paper waste. The compactor operates with a platen cycling within a compactor chute, in which the platen is normally forward in the compacting position with a sealing plate attached to the platen extending to close the top of the chute and form the bottom of two waste paper receiving bins. A first of these paper waste-receiving bins is for large particulate paper waste loaded from a cart dumper. A second bin of these paper waste-receiving bins is for pneumatically transported fine paper waste from a cyclone separator. In the second bin, accumulation of fine particle paper waste occurs to a height where an electric eye triggers cycling of the compactor. When cycling is triggered, the compactor platen retracts from extension to the chute withdrawing the sealing plate and allowing the stored paper waste from either bin to fall into the chute ahead of the retracting platen.

Abstract: An inking cylinder or a dampening cylinder or roller for a rotary printing press is provided with a rubber cover that is adhered to the body of the cylinder or roller. A device for applying the rubber cover to the roller body includes a support table that is pivotably supported.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an ink supplying apparatus equipped with an ink tray capable of improving the productivity based upon the labor-saving of an cleaning operation and the shortening of a preparatory time at ink replacement or the like in a printing press, with the ink tray being desirably attachable/detachable to enhance the operational efficiency. In front of an ink fountain, there is provided a fixing device which, for fixing an ink tray in the interior of the ink fountain, presses a bracket of the ink tray against a stopping section situated in the ink fountain.

Abstract: The invention concerns on the one hand a gripping device (10), particularly for automatic printing and/or inserting machines, with a first and second gripping element (22, 24) of which at least one gripping element (22) can be moved relative to the other gripping element (24) to grab sheet-like materials such as printed pages as well as with a measuring device (42) for the recording of at least one position of the gripping elements (22, 24) towards each other, and on the other hand a method for recording a relative position of gripping elements within a gripping device.

Abstract: In a method for determining the axial position of an engraving element in an engraving machine used for engraving impression cylinders, the engraving machine has a fixed toothed comb in which a significant tooth flank of each tooth presents an axial distance which is a multiple of the tooth spacing of the toothed comb to a reference point. A photoelectric barrier which serves as axial reference mark is positioned on the engraving element and the toothed comb serves as black-out element for said photo-electric barrier. The engraving element is displaced by means of the photoelectric barrier from a momentary position to the nearest relevant tooth flank of the toothed comb. The approximate distance between the reference mark and the reference point is measured by means of a distance meter.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a small charge blasting system that provides a relief volume for a pressurized working fluid in the bore of a barrel that is inserted into a hole in the material to be broken, an end cap on the barrel to inhibit the entry of water and detritus into the bore, a stepped downhole end of the barrel to pressurize both the sidewall and bottom of the hole, and/or a thin barrel wall that flexes outwardly in response to pressure exerted on the wall by the pressurized working fluid to provide improved sealing of the fluid in the bottom of the hole.

Abstract: A device (1) for passing through pipes in the form of a pig (1) moving through the pipe and guided on the inner wall thereof has at least one pig body (16) and support elements (8a) on the outer periphery thereof for guidance within the pipe as well as drive elements (10a, 10b) in the form of collars for transport in the pipe. The device is distinguished by improved entrance into the pipe conduit in that at least one of the collars (10a, 10b) can be radially expanded.

Abstract: A radial end door that includes, in addition to the conventional inner and outer rollers for supporting the door, a door mounted support on the inner portion of the door, unsupported by the railcar body when the door is open, but supported by the railcar body when the door is closed. The door mounted support preferably comprises a roller that can be added as a retrofit or upgrade to the existing door, without altering the basic configuration, geometry or operational characteristics of the door, except to improve the performance of the door. The door mounted support preferably cooperates with a floor-mounted support comprising a wear bar having a ramp portion to raise the door mounted support and increase loading on the outer roller as the door is closed.