Abstract: Foams made from a ternary blend of a alkenyl aromatic polymer such as polystyrene, an &agr;-olefin polymer such as polyethylene, and a compatibilizer, are used as acoustical insulation in building constructions. These foams exhibit an unusual combination of low creep and low dynamic stiffness. They are especially useful in floating floor installations.

Abstract: A very lightweight tubular building element for the construction of reinforced concrete floors and roofs; providing the formwork for the casting in place of the structural concrete and a high quality finished ceiling at the same time. It is a single component that can be installed easily and efficiently without heavy equipment or special craftsmanship; afterward the component is not removed, but stays permanently integrated in the concrete floor or roof. It forms a deck that is impervious, eliminating cumbersome cleaning during construction and leakage afterward, saving the common need of a costly waterproofing membrane over the slab. The formwork deck, composed of a plurality of the invention component, weighs less than four (4) pounds per square foot; and a single component for a common 15 feet span weighs less than 30 pounds, which can be easily handled by only one laborer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a shielding apparatus installed over a machine in a clean room to protect the machine. The shielding apparatus comprises at least two supporting beams, and a plurality of rectangular-shaped plate flaps in parallel to each other. The flaps are connected to the supporting beams at an angle, and each flap has areas overlapping with its neighboring flap along a vertical cross-section. Each flap is an anti-acid zinc-plated steel plate with a drain piping connected its bottom to collect and deliver processing liquids.

Abstract: A multi-piece clamp for installation on a standing seam is disclosed. One component of the clamp is a clamp body with a clamp body slot formed therein. This slot may be mounted on a standing seam without having to slide the clamp body onto an end of the seam. Another component of the clamp is an insert(s) that may be disposed within the clamp body slot between a clamp body slot wall and the standing seam. One or more seam fasteners may be directed through the clamp body and a clamp body slot wall to secure each of the inserts within the clamp body slot by a compression of the same, and further to secure the clamp to the standing seam.

Abstract: The Truss-Lift Correction Plate and the Truss-Lift Correction Bracket that I have invented, if installed to my specifications, will correct the Truss-Lift problem that is well known to those in the building industry who use wood trusses as supports for the roof system. Both, the plate and the bracket will facilitate movement when Truss-Lift occures and therby eliminate unwanted noise or other stress factors.

Abstract: A containment system for particulate materials comprises a substantially vertical annular wall defining a substantially cylindrical storage area. A plurality of membrane supports are each attached near an outer end thereof to an upper edge of the wall and extend inwardly and upwardly to a central location above a central portion of the storage area where inner ends of each membrane support are secured to each other. An impermeable flexible membrane is attached at an outer edge thereof to the wall and extends over the membrane supports to enclose the storage area. Curved membrane supports are provided that reduce flapping of the membrane in the wind, and the supports may also be provided with a lower tensioner, thereby increasing strength.

Abstract: The present invention is a method of making a building wall panel or building wall panel system. The building wall panels are made by taking a standard panel of metal roof decking having alternating ridges and channels and attaching a length of board stock, such as a concrete board. These panels are then able to be attached to a steel frame or other type building shell.

Abstract: A method of building a log structure using naturally-shaped logs is provided. The method involves stacking layers of the log structure upon one another in a rough approximation of the final desired positioning, determining the distance of the greatest gap existing between the pairs of logs at each layer, determining groove cuts to be made for every log in the same layer using the same vertical groove dimension, determining a dimension of a final notch cut to be made in the logs of the lowest layer stacked according to this invention, and determining the final notch cuts to be made at layers above according to a relationship among the vertical groove dimensions that were marked for each of the grooves in a single layer and the dimension of the final notch cut determined for the lowest layer of logs stacked according to the present invention.

Abstract: A system to form, fill and seal (FFS) flexible bags including the steps of a total printing of the film as lit winds off the supply reel; a dry cleaning; a gimballed aligning for the folding of the printed and washed film; a hot-bar welding of the folded film; a valve welding controlled by an algorithm;humidification treatment of the valve cavity; a shaping of the bags by hot tools also controlled by an algorithm; and a high precision dosage of the filling liquid.

Abstract: Form-fill-seal machine comprising means for moving a web of packaging material through the machine according to a process path and means for transforming the web into filled bags, furthermore comprising a zipper strip applicator device having means for supplying a zipper strip for each bag transverse to the process path, which supply means comprise a first and a second conveyor, which in the supply direction of the zipper strip are placed one behind the other and are both provided with means for retaining the zipper strip during supply, a blade being placed between the first and the second conveyor for cutting the zipper strip and the first and the second conveyor being provided with their own first and second drive means.

Abstract: A packing machine comprising a rotary assembly (2) which is adapted to receive articles (4) travelling along a path which is adjacent one region of the periphery of the assembly, and means (26) for receiving foil (14) or other wrapping material, at a different peripheral region, the foil then being oriented in a tangential plane; the assembly further comprising means for reorienting the foil into a plane which is perpendicular to said tangential plane (20) at a subsequent rotary position, where it is suitably aligned with a cooperating article wrapping means (40, 32).

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a candle packaging system that is comprised of a three part assembly. The first part is a clear box having a slightly frosted appearance. The candle packaging apparatus has a separate internal top and bottom cap units that are designed to be placed on top of and at the base of the candle in order to protect the top and bottom edges of the candle. The top and bottom caps are also constructed of a clear, frosted material. The third part of the construction is a printed insert that is designed to highlight the purpose and design of the candle itself. The box is designed to provide ease of access to allow the prospective buyer to smell the aroma of the candle and, at the same time, provide protection and keep the candle clean and fresh. A method of producing the candle packaging system is also disclosed.

Abstract: A pattern former for assembling wrapped bakery products into predetermined patterns includes a vacuum turntable comprising a perforated plate which is driven by a belt extending around the periphery of the vacuum turntable and actuated by a motor. A first transfer apparatus includes a pusher plate which moves groups of wrapped bakery products onto the vacuum turntable and which retracts to facilitate the formation of a subsequent group of wrapped bakery products as a previous group is being transferred to the vacuum turntable. A second transfer apparatus includes a pusher plate which moves assembled patterns of wrapped bakery products from the vacuum turntable into bakery trays and which is retractable to the facilitate the assembly of a subsequent pattern of wrapped bakery products as a previous pattern is being transferred to a bakery tray.

Abstract: A carton manipulating device for rotating a carton in a packaging machine, which apparatus comprises carton pick up means adapted to engage at least one carton from the infeed stream and to convey the carton through a working reach of the apparatus and wherein the pick up means is rotatable intermittently along the working reach to cause the carton to be rotated during continuous forward movement.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for providing a precisely controlled amount of dry material to a container. In one embodiment, a system is provided for automated container filling. The system includes a container handling mechanism that includes a container block defining a container receptacle, and a cap carrier defining a cap receptacle. The system also includes a dosing portion having a dosing plate defining a dosing hole. The dosing plate is movable between two positions so that when the dosing plate is in the first position the dosing hole is positioned to receive a dose of powder. When the dosing plate is in the second position, the dosing hole is positioned to dispense the dose of powder into the container receptacle.

Abstract: A rotary screen assembly rotatable about a rotational axis for filtering air entering an air inlet of a work machine, the screen assembly having an axially facing screen surface including an outer circumferential edge disposed around the rotational axis in radially spaced relation thereto, an elongate brush having bristles disposed along a longitudinal extent thereof in contact with the axially facing screen surface for brushing collected material and contaminants therefrom, the longitudinal extent or axis of the brush forming a chord of the outer circumferential edge spaced a distance from the rotational axis or being skewed relative to the rotational axis such that when the screen is rotated about the rotational axis in a predetermined direction a force is imparted to the collected material and contaminants by the bristles of the brush sufficient to move the collected material and contaminants radially outwardly past the circumferential edge.

Abstract: A dirt cup assembly for a vacuum cleaner includes a dirt cup having a dust collection chamber, a first inlet duct, and a second inlet duct spaced from the first inlet duct. A dirt cup lid can be removably secured to the dirt cup, or can be associated with the vacuum cleaner upper assembly. The dirt cup lid includes a center portion extending over the dust collection chamber, a first wall portion extending over the first inlet duct, and a second wall portion extending over the second inlet duct. A filter assembly is removably positioned within the dust collection chamber.

Abstract: A filter apparatus (10) for use in a hopper section (11) of a sweeper truck includes: (a) a horizontal, rectangular, screened main frame portion (20) for attachment within the hopper section (11), (b) a mechanism for attaching the filter apparatus (10) to the hopper section (11); and (c) at least one V-shaped filter section (26), which extends downwardly to a point from the main frame portion (20) in a vertical direction, an upper portion of the V-shaped filter section being attached to the main frame portion, the V-shaped filter section being covered with a screen.

Abstract: A stand-alone filtering apparatus for use with indoor barbecuing includes a base configured for the reception of a heating assembly and a filter unit which is selectively positionable in a vertical direction relative to the base. The filter unit includes a filtering element for removing contaminants from a medium as the medium passes therethrough and a ventilation system for creating an air flow for drawing the medium and the contaminants through the filtering element.

Abstract: A separator for liquid, in particular for removing oil from crankcase gases, having a cover (11) into which a mount (13) for a cylindrical separating cartridge (14) is incorporated. The separating cartridge is composed, for example, of a non-woven separating material (20) wound around a support body (22) having end plates (33) on the end faces (32) of the support body. The end plates (33) may be composed, for example, of a two-component synthetic resin material. This results in a stable component which can be sealed utilizing the elasticity of the end plate (33) when pushed into the mount (13). This results in a cost effective exchangeable part in which several seals are saved in the complete structural component and yields a structural unit having increased economic effectiveness.

Abstract: An air treatment appliance for treating surrounding air, comprising a body. A spider-mount mounted to the body has a motor mounted thereto in cantilever fashion. A fan attached to the motor may be a radial fan, and is operable to draw in surrounding air and cause it to flow through the appliance. A grommet between the motor and the spider-mount dampens vibrations from the motor. A filtering mechanism in the path of the airflow helps filter out undesirable material from the surrounding air. A radial airflow guide downstream from the fan efficiently guides the airflow to be expelled in a predetermined direction. The motor is at least partially accommodated by the spider-mount and the fan. The apparatus results in reduced noise and vibration during operation of the appliance.

Abstract: A filter system for removing pollutants such as soot and unburned hydrocarbons from exhaust of an exhaust producing device. The system includes: a housing including an opening; a replaceable filter section sized to fit through the opening, the filter section including a reinforcing ceramic coating. The housing is attachable to an exhaust port or muffler of the exhaust producing device to remove pollutants.

Abstract: The apparatus applies to a basket having an upstanding wall structure defining an upwardly facing opening and a lid structure disposed over the opening and positionable in a retracted position close to the wall structure and in an extended position spaced a predetermined distance above the wall structure, at least one lifting element being present having a member extendable for lifting the basket relative to the frame to a lifted position and retractable for lowering the basket from the lifted position, the apparatus including at least one leg mounted to the lid structure and engageable with a portion of the lifting element when the basket is in the lifted position and the lid structure is in the retracted position so as to hold the lid structure relative to the portion of the lifting element engaged therewith while the basket is lowered from the lifted position to move the lid structure to the extended position, the at least one leg being engageable with the lifting element with the lid structure in the exte

Abstract: An improved cotton harvester having a plurality of harvesting mechanisms, each harvesting mechanism having at least one light grease receiving area including a picker bar having a plurality of rotatably driven picker spindles, and at least one heavy grease receiving area including a cam and a roller arrangement and a gear arrangement for drivingly oscillating the picker bar, and an automatic lubrication system for periodically lubricating the light grease receiving area with a light grease at a first pressure, the improvement including a heavy grease reservoir on the harvester for receiving a quantity of a heavy grease; a pump on the harvester having an inlet connected to the heavy grease reservoir and a discharge, the pump being operable for drawing the heavy grease from the heavy grease reservoir and discharging the heavy grease from the discharge at a second pressure which is substantially greater than the first pressure, the discharge being connected to one end of at least one high pressure lubricant line

Abstract: A foliage mower and height adjustment assembly for a foliage mower are provided. This is a foot-operated adjustment assembly which has a plurality of pivot lugs from which a cutter deck assembly is suspended. Each pivot lug pivots in unison in order to thereby raise or lower the cutter deck. Movement of a foot pedal raises the cutter deck to a transport height, at which the foot pedal is latched in place and the deck height is maintained. A stop mechanism has an adjustable component by which the extent of downward movement of the suspended cutter deck is selected upon release of the latched foot pedal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling a machine for false twist texturing a plurality of synthetic filament yarns and which includes a plurality of side by side processing stations. The plurality of processing stations are divided into a plurality of sections, with each section comprising a plurality of processing stations. The processing stations of each of the sections are monitored and controlled independently of the processing stations of adjacent sections, so that the processing of the yarns in each section is independent of the processing of the yarns in adjacent sections.

Abstract: Flow control in pulse detonation engines is accomplished using magnetohydrodynamic principles. The pulse detonation engine includes a tube having an open forward end and an open aft end and a fuel-air inlet formed in the tube at the forward end. An igniter is disposed in the tube at a location intermediate the forward end and the aft end. A magnetohydrodynamic flow control system is located between the igniter and the fuel-air inlet for controlling detonation in the tube forward of the igniter. The magnetohydrodynamic flow control system utilizes magnetic and electric fields forward of the igniter to dissipate or at least reduce the ignition potential of the forward traveling detonation flame front.

Abstract: In order to prevent that a liquid reducing agent in a selective catalytic reduction system freezes, there are provided additional resistor heating elements on the pressure sensor diaphragm of the pressure sensor that is present in the reducing agent feed system. The same technique is applied in the production of the heating sensors as in the production of the sensor resistance network. The use of the sensor diaphragm surface for the electrical heating of the liquid reducing agent (e.g., aqueous urea solution) eliminates the need for additional installation space, sealed areas, and connectors for the electrical supply and triggering mechanism.

Abstract: A process produces hot combustion waste gases, in particular for a gas turbine system. In a burner, a combustion produces hot combustion waste gases. A portion of the combustion waste gases is branched off and fed to a first inlet of an oxygen separation device. An oxygen-containing gas is fed to a second inlet of the oxygen separation device. The oxygen separation device is provided with at least one oxygen separation means that removes oxygen from the oxygen-containing gas and feeds it to the branched-off waste gas, producing an oxygen-containing gas whose oxygen content has been reduced as well as an oxygen-enriched, branched-off waste gas. The oxygen-enriched, branched-off waste gas and a fuel or a fuel/steam mixture are fed to the burner and form a combustion mixture that burns in the burner while forming the hot combustion waste gases. In order to improve the efficiency of such a method, the burner contains a catalyzer that initiates and/or stabilizes the combustion.

Abstract: An environmentally non-intrusive multiple turbine unit for adjustable deployment in water. Counter-rotating turbines are captured in a shroud to define the turbine unit. The counter-rotation arrangement of the turbines effectively counteracts the rotational counter-torque of individual turbines, thereby enabling greater stability of the turbine unit in the flow of water without requiring rigid stabilizing structures.

Abstract: An axle driving system which houses in a housing thereof a hydrostatic transmission, axles, and a driving gear train for connecting output means of the hydraulic transmission and axles, so as to transmit power from a driving source to the hydrostatic transmission and to change the speed, thereby driving the axles. A first chamber therein contains the hydrostatic transmission and a second chamber therein contains the driving gear train. Both the first and second chambers are independent of each other so as to prevent a foreign object, such as iron powder produced in the driving gear train, from entering the hydrostatic transmission. The system includes an L-like-shaped center section on which the hydrostatic transmission is offset such that an imaginary plane which includes a motor mounting surface passes in proximity to the axis of a pump shaft. The pump shaft is disposed perpendicular to the axles. The motor shaft is disposed in parallel thereto.

Abstract: An out-of-plane thermal buckle-beam microelectrical mechanical actuator is formed on a planar substrate of semiconductor material (e.g., silicon). The actuator includes first and second anchors secured to the substrate and multiple elongated thermal buckle beams that are secured between the anchors. The buckle beams are formed of semiconductor material, such as polysilicon. In one implementation, the buckling beams are coupled together by a pivot frame that includes a frame base secured to each buckle beam and at least one pivot arm that is coupled to the frame base at one end and includes a free end that pivots out-of-plane when the actuator is activated. A cyclic current source directs cyclic electrical current through the thermal buckle beams via the anchors to impart thermal expansion of the buckle beams and hence a cyclic buckling motion of them out of the plane (i.e., away from) the substrate.

Abstract: An aircraft control system includes a propeller governor in which a stepper motor is used to apply a compression force on a speeder spring, and a turbocharger in which a stepper motor is used to actuate a needle valve associated with a diaphragm cell. An electronic control unit may be used to control the stepper motor in the propeller governor and the stepper motor in the turbocharger. The integration of the propeller governor and the turbocharger into a single control system decreases the number of individual adjustments that must be performed manually by the pilot.

Abstract: In a method of limiting the charge pressure of an internal combustion engine charged using an exhaust gas turbocharger, a control unit performs an actual value/setpoint value comparison of a controlled variable with a predefined limit value and generates or limits actuating signals for an actuator drive of an actuator acting upon the controlled variable. The setpoint value is taken from a characteristic map memory as a function of the instantaneous operating state of the internal combustion engine. In order to allow the internal combustion engine to operate at the highest possible charge pressure and corresponding power output, measured values of the temperature and of the pressure upstream and downstream, respectively, from a compressor of the exhaust gas turbocharger are used for reading the limit value from the characteristic map memory.

Abstract: An arrangement for feeding air in a supercharged piston engine includes at least a supercharging device arranged for feeding air to more than one cylinder, an air chamber in connection with the supercharging device, and a channel arrangement leading from the air chamber to each cylinder of the piston engine. A resonator system is in connection with the air chamber for attenuating the pressure pulsation in the air chamber. In a method of operating the supercharged piston engine, combustion air is fed by means of the supercharging device at a pressure higher than ambient pressure into the air chamber, air is led from the air chamber to the cylinders through the channel arrangements, and a pressure pulsation is formed in the air chamber, which pulsation is half-wavelength shifted from the pulsation in the air chamber, appearing at frequencies at or below the third harmonic of the rotational speed of the engine.

Abstract: A method for controlling a supercharging device for an internal combustion engine includes controlling a variable (x) using different control characteristics in each of at least four sub-ranges defined by a gradient (dx/dt) of the variable to be controlled (x) and a difference (x) between the variable to be controlled (x) and a control variable (xs). An apparatus for controlling a supercharging device for an internal combustion engine includes a controller having a range of control that includes at least four sub-ranges devided in accordance with a gradient (dx/dt) of the variable to be controlled (x) and a difference (x) between the variable to be controlled (x) and a control variable (xs).

Abstract: The invention discloses a method of reducing emissions in the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine having at least one cylinder to which an air/fuel mixture is supplied when a crankshaft of the internal combustion engine rotates, at least one inlet valve, at least one exhaust valve, control members for controlling the opening and closing of the inlet and exhaust valves, and a piston reciprocating between a top dead-center position and a bottom dead-center position in the cylinder. The method includes the steps of supplying an air/fuel mixture with lambda value greater than 1 to the cylinder, controlling the internal combustion engine so that it works at high load, and controlling the inlet valve so that it opens after the piston has passed the top dead-center position. According to an embodiment of the invention, the internal combustion engine is controlled so that the crankshaft rotates at an essentially constant speed within a range of about 1000 to about 2000 rpm.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine, particularly suitable for a motor vehicle, is provided with a plurality of combustion cylinders, at least a first exhaust manifold and a second exhaust manifold and at least one intake manifold. Each exhaust manifold is coupled with a plurality of the combustion cylinders. Each intake manifold is coupled with a plurality of the combustion cylinders. A first turbocharger includes a first turbine having at least one inlet and an outlet, and a first compressor having an inlet and an outlet. The at least one first turbine inlet is fluidly coupled with the first exhaust manifold and includes a controllable, variable intake nozzle. A second turbocharger includes a second turbine having an inlet and an outlet, and a second compressor having an inlet and an outlet. The second turbine inlet is fluidly coupled with the second exhaust manifold. The first compressor outlet is fluidly coupled with the second compressor inlet.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine, particularly suitable for a vehicle, is provided with a plurality of combustion cylinders, at least a first exhaust manifold and a second exhaust manifold and at least one intake manifold. Each exhaust manifold is coupled with a plurality of the combustion cylinders. Each intake manifold is coupled with a plurality of the combustion cylinders. A first turbocharger includes a first turbine having at least one inlet and an outlet, and a first compressor having an inlet and an outlet. Then at least one first turbine inlet has a controllable, variable intake nozzle fluidly coupled with the first exhaust manifold. A second turbocharger includes a second turbine having an inlet and an outlet, and a second compressor having an inlet and an outlet. The second turbine inlet has a controllable, variable intake nozzle fluidly coupled with the second exhaust manifold. The first compressor outlet is fluidly coupled with the second compressor inlet.

Abstract: A power station is formed of a plurality of mobile modules. One of the mobile modules is a connecting module which has only connecting lines, control equipment, cut-off equipment and measuring equipment installed therein. The connection module can be used for different power stations, which allows a cost-effective construction of power stations. Further, fittings which have to be monitored and operated are concentrated in the connecting module, which reduces operating costs of the power station.

Abstract: A gas turbine combustor in which a part or all of the wall of the combustor disposed within an intake chamber is formed as an acoustic energy absorbing member that can absorb the acoustic energy of a combustion variation generated within the combustor. The acoustic energy absorbing member is constructed of a thin corrugated plate in a circumferential direction, a high-temperature-proof perforated material, or a back plate disposed at the outside of a perforated plate in a radial direction with a distance from the perforated plate. It is also possible to provide a covering member at the outside of the acoustic energy absorbing member in a radial direction, for covering the acoustic energy absorbing member with a distance from the acoustic energy absorbing member. It is preferable that the acoustic energy-absorbing member and/or the covering member are reinforced with a frame that extends in a circumferential direction and/or a longitudinal direction.

Abstract: A duplex fuel injector has concentric arrangement of an inner air swirler, an inner fuel injection port, an intermediate axial air filmer, a second air swirler, an outer fuel injection port and an outer air swirler. The intermediate air filmer produces a curtain of air separating an outer air and fuel spray from an inner air and fuel spray. The outer spray is used in a pilot combustion zone whereas the inner spray is used in a main combustion zone.

Abstract: In an improved system for recovering heat from a combustion gas produced by burning wastes, the combustion gas or combustible gas produced by partial burning of the wastes subjected to dust filtration in a temperature range of 450-650° C. at a filtration velocity of 1-5 cm/sec under a pressure of from −5 kPa (gage) to 5 MPa before heat recovery is effected. The dust filtration is preferably performed using a filter medium which may or may not support a denitration catalyst. Heat recovery is preferably effected using a steam superheater. The dust-free gas may partly or wholly be reburnt with or without an auxiliary fuel to a sufficiently high temperature to permit heat recovery. The combustion furnace may be a gasifying furnace which, in turn, may be combined with a melting furnace.

Abstract: A nitrogen compressor in an IGCC (integrated gasification, combined cycle) system provides gaseous nitrogen to be directly injected into the combustor of a gas turbine in the IGCC. The nitrogen is injected at substantially the same pressure as the output pressure from the nitrogen compressor. The compressor is controlled to adjust the output pressure of the nitrogen to match a nitrogen injection pressure for the combustor. By controlling the flow (pressure) of the nitrogen injected to a combustor of a gas turbine at the nitrogen compressor, the compressor is relieved of having to overcome the pressure loss through the nitrogen injection valves (which valves are run at or near full open throughout the operation of the nitrogen injection process), and does not need to provide nitrogen at a pressure substantially greater than the nitrogen pressure injected into the combustor.

Abstract: A vibration isolation system for mounting a Stirling cooler on a base. The system may include a number of cushioning elements for connecting the Stirling cooler to the base. The system also may include balance mass spring connected to the Stirling cooler and a balance mass connected to the balance mass spring.

Abstract: A defrost control system for a self-defrosting refrigerator is configured to monitor a compressor load, determine whether at least a first defrost cycle is required based on the compressor load, execute at least one defrost cycle when required; and regulate the defrost cycle to conserve energy. A controller is operatively coupled to a compressor, a defrost heater, and a refrigeration compartment temperature sensor. The controller makes defrost decisions based on temperature conditions in the refrigeration compartment in light of other events, such as refrigerator door openings, completed defrost cycles, and power up events. Defrost cycles are automatically adjusted as operating conditions change, thereby avoiding unnecessary energy consumption that would otherwise occur in a fixed defrost cycle.

Abstract: The air conditioning system for conditioning of an airflow stream uses a fluid flow system to control operational modes of heating, cooling, freeze protection and defrost. The fluid flow system allows an air conditioning system to operate using a hot fluid source without the need for a gas or oil direct heat air stream heat system. The fluid flow system circulates fluid through a reheat coil and a precooling coil or a bypass conduit thereof depending on the operating mode of the system. Routing of fluid flow is controlled by a hot water control valve and a bypass valve under control of a controls fluid pressure and minimizing formation of gas bubbles in the fluid which condition may degrade system performance.

Abstract: The present invention provides a controlling apparatus and a controlling method for a mode change type refrigerating system allowing the most appropriate temperature control even with respect to various heating loads. When a person sets a target temperature setter and a fan setter in a motor vehicle as desired, a unit to be connected with a mode change condition circuit 101 is determined from among control units and from among calculation units of speed revision. A capacity control instruction value (Duty 1) calculated by controlling a temperature and a capacity control instruction value (Duty 2) calculated by revising a speed are added, then the capacity of a variable capacity type gas compressor is controlled with reference to a capacity control instruction value (Duty 3) as the added signal.

Abstract: An electric compressor includes a motor and a compression mechanism that is driven by the motor. The compressor forms part of the refrigerant circuit of an air conditioner. A control apparatus of the compressor adjusts the rotation speed of the motor for controlling the amount of compressed refrigerant gas discharged from the compression mechanism, or the displacement of the compressor, per unit time. When the energy efficiency of the motor is lower than a predetermined level, the control apparatus performs on-off control by alternately turning off the motor. During the on-off control, a required amount of refrigerant gas discharged per unit time is obtained, and the energy efficiency of the motor in the on time is higher than the predetermined level.

Abstract: Apparatus for cooling a conventional oil filled electrical transformer by using a conventional refrigeration unit. The transformer liquid coolant may be either circulated through a remotely located heat exchanger cooled by an electrical refrigeration unit, or the heat exchanger may be directly located within the transformer's housing and within its liquid coolant.