Abstract: A method and a device for compensation of nonlinearity appearing in optical fiber links due to the positive Kerr effect created by optical fibers, the method comprises conveying an optical signal via one or more such compensating devices, each being capable of creating the negative Kerr effect for one or more optical wavelengths.

Abstract: On the basis of a known process for the production of a preform for an optical fiber for optical data transmission technology, the productivity of the process for the production of complex refractive index profiles is to be improved by providing a quartz glass substrate tube which exhibits different doping in radial direction, introducing a core glass made of synthetic quartz glass into the substrate tube and covering the substrate tube with a jacket tube. A substrate tube suitable therefor is also being provided which tube requires less core glass material for the production of the preform, whether during the internal deposition or for the core glass rod in the rod-in-tube technique.

Abstract: Disclosed is a photonic band-gap crystal waveguide having the physical dimension of the photonic crystal lattice and the size of the defect selected to provide for optimum mode power confinement to the defect. The defect has a boundary which has a characteristic numerical value associated with it. The ratio of this numerical value to the pitch of the photonic crystal is selected to avoid surface modes found to exist in certain configurations of the photonic band-gap crystal waveguide. Embodiments in accord with the invention having circular and hexagonal defect cross sections are disclosed and described. A method of making the photonic band-gap crystal waveguide is also disclosed and described.

Abstract: A waveguide for guiding electromagnetic radiation of a given range of wavelengths includes a transparent substrate made from non-polymer material, preferably glass, into which at least one elongated channel is etched. A polymer material with a higher refractive index than that of the substrate is deposited within, and extends along, the channel, so as to define a waveguide. The regions of the substrate adjacent to the ends of the channel are preferably treated, such as by ion-exchange, to form secondary waveguide portions, optically coupled to the polymer waveguide, for input and output optical coupling with the waveguide. Also disclosed is a production method for such waveguides.

Abstract: A fabrication method reduces minimum waveguide spacing in an integrated optical device. Core regions of the waveguides are etched into cladding material and then filled with core material, instead of etching the spacing between the core material first and then filling the spacing. This allows the spacing between the core regions to be made arbitrarily small, without being constrained by an aspect ratio associated with a conventional etch and deposition/re-flow process used to form waveguide spacings.

Abstract: A cable clip with cable segregator includes ends and a side defining an open space, a series of open ended slots for holding and organizing telecommunications cables defined in the open space and outer grooves for mounting the cable clip with segregator into a mounting opening. The slots can be deep enough to hold two cables and may have an interior profile with a narrow opening, a nominal width, and one or more widened portions for receiving cables of different sizes and shapes. The cable clip with cable segregator can also include trumpet flares around the edges of the ends and side to provide bend radius protection for cables passing through the clip. The present invention also relates to a cable riser with cable clips with segregators mounted in a wall of the riser to hold and organize telecommunications cables that pass into the riser.

Abstract: A cable swivel is provided for maintaining optical fiber bend limits at entry portals of a optic fiber shelf for the shelf's entire range of motion, from being fully closed to being fully open. Bend limits are maintained as optical fiber is directed on paths through a shelf entry portal between the shelf interior and wire brackets on the shelf exterior. Fibers are retained, organized and strain relieved by the cable swivel such that directed fiber is maintain at a minimum bend radius on such fiber paths. The curved surface of the cable swivel allows the shelf to be accessed without excessive bending of so routed optical fibers. In this manner, optical signal degradation and/or total loss is avoided by limiting the bending of routed optical fiber to radii in excess of a predetermined minimum bend radius.

Abstract: A corner wall-mount fiber optic connector housing includes an enclosure having a back plate for mounting in a corner between two walls. The enclosure is provided with at least one provider port for entry of a fiber optic provider cable having a plurality of optical fibers and at least two customer ports for entry of a fiber optic customer cable having a plurality of optical fibers. At least two fiber optic connector panel mounts located within the enclosure have an aperture for receiving a plurality of connectors to optically interconnect the fibers of the provider cable with the fibers of the customer cable. The back plate is formed in two planes at an angle to each other for mounting in the corner, and one of the customer ports and one of the connector panel mounts is positioned adjacent a respective one of the two planes of the back plate.

Abstract: An optical module comprises a support (T) on which an optical fibre (F) is mounted. Introduced on the support (T) is a V-groove (VG) that serves only to fix the fibre (F). Applied perpendicularly to the groove (VG) is a strip-shaped contact layer (CL). The fibre (F) is pressed into the groove (VG). When the fibre (F) is pressed into the groove (VG), the contact layer (CL) forms a mechanical joint with the fibre (F) in the form of a cold weld. This functions particularly well in the case of glass fibres having a contact layer of aluminium (Al). The contact layer (CL) is preferably composed of a plurality of narrow strips extending perpendicularly to the groove (VG).

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical attenuator comprising an optical attenuator module, an optical splitter, a detector and a control unit. Input radiation (Pi) is received at the attenuator module which is operable to attenuate the input radiation to generate corresponding attenuated radiation (Po). The detector is operable to receive a portion of the attenuated radiation (0.1Po) and generate a corresponding electrical signal T1. The signal T1, is applied by the control unit via a first feedback loop to regulate the attenuator module so that radiation power of the attenuated radiation is maintained to a predetermined level. In a situation where an interruption of the input radiation (Pi) occurs, the control unit is operable to monitor temperature of the attenuator module using a thermistor sensor and to regulate the temperature of the module using a second feedback loop to a predetermined temperature during the interruption.

Abstract: Unique multi-diffraction structures using electronically controlled Bragg diffraction devices such as acousto-optic (AO) devices to accomplish optical beam attenuation control functions. These variable optical attenuator (VOA) modules can be fully inertialess as they can use electronically programmable sub-microsecond speed AO devices to implement optical gain controls. These VOAs deliver desirable capabilities in one optically reversible unit, making high dynamic range, low loss, high power handling, ultra-fast, high optical isolation, broadband operation, self-aligning robust modules. These VOAs can be made essentially independent of the optical polarization of the incident light by the use of a unique fixed waveplate compensation technique within the VOA configuration that suppresses polarization dependent loss. Broadband gain control operation over several wavelengths can be achieved by controlling the frequency and electrical drive power of the chosen frequencies feeding the acousto-optic devices.

Abstract: A variable optical attenuator is disclosed having a waveguide modification. Light coupling from an input waveguide to an output waveguide is electrically controllable through an electrically variable refractive index region, wherein attenuation of the device is dependent upon the applied voltage to the electrically variable refractive index region.

Abstract: A photosensitive composition having low absorption loss at 1,300-1,610 nm and is suitable for practical waveguide devices. The composition comprises at least one (meth)acrylate prepared from a fluorinated monomer or polymer having minimum two hydroxyl groups, at least one multifunctional non-fluorinated (meth)acrylate and at least one photoinitiator. An optical coating on a variety of substrates is obtained by exposing the photosensitive composition to actinic radiation such as UV light. An optical waveguide device is fabricated by patterning the photosensitive composition on a substrate.

Abstract: According to a copy protection method of the present invention, as for a component video signal which is composed of a luminance signal and two color-difference signals, copy inhibition information is superimposed upon a first color-difference signal and information indicating that the copy inhibition information is included in the first color-difference signal is superimposed upon a second color-difference signal. Or copy inhibition information is superimposed upon the luminance signal, a vertical blanking interval, or a horizontal blanking interval.

Abstract: A method and system to automatically detect and isolate segments of interest from sports programs is provided. Accordingly, the method includes the steps of: segmenting incoming video programs into a plurality of segments; detecting a slow moving object between the frames; computing the corresponding gravity level of the detected segments representing the slow moving object; and, comparing the computed gravity level to a predetermined threshold. The system includes a segmentation circuit for segmenting each frame of incoming video programs into a plurality of segments, and a motion detection circuit for detecting the slow moving object between successive frames and for determining the gravity level corresponding to the slow moving object.

Abstract: Video and voice from a video device 5 are taken in a computer 1. The video and voice taken in the computer are converted into digital data, and become to be a file in which a video data and a voice data are associated with each other for every frame, and after a frame number for discriminating each frame is allocated thereto, the data are stored in a hard disk 12. A frame that will be a SHOW point is designated, and a number of this frame is acquired. Subsequently, an IN point frame and an OUT point frame are set, and frame numbers corresponding thereto are acquired. Video and voice between the IN point and the OUT point are reproduced, and a text is input while the voice is heard. After completion of the input, a time code of the IN point and a time code of the OUT point are calculated based on a frame number of the SHOW point, a frame number of the IN point and a frame number of the OUT point, and a set of the time code of the IN point, the time code of the OUT point and a text data are stored as a data.

Abstract: Fast-forwarding and rewinding within a compressed video stream and a corresponding content stream of pages are disclosed. The compressed video stream is made up of intra frames, predictive frames, and bi-directional frames. The content stream has a number of trigger pages and/or script pages. An intra frame is skipped to within the video stream, and the trigger page closest to this frame is skipped to within the content stream. Alternatively, the script page closest to the frame that is not further ahead of it is skipped to within the content stream. This page is executed until the content stream is aligned with the video stream.

Abstract: An audio and/or video generation apparatus comprises a recording processor which is operable to record audio and/or video signals on a recording medium, a meta data generation processor which is operable to generate meta data identifying the content of the audio/video signals, and a communications processor which arranged to communicate the meta data separately from the recording medium.

Abstract: When moving pictures are recorded onto an optical disc, not only is text data recorded, but also video-recording start date and time, video-recording end date and time, and source name or channel number serving as primary text data are recorded in alphanumeric characters program by program or cell by cell, a program or a cell being used as a unit of video-recording. Other text data is recorded together with language code. Since the primary text data used to select video data is expressed in alphanumeric characters, a program or cell to be reproduced can be selected, regardless of language, and the text information in the same language as that of the apparatus can be searched for.

Abstract: When moving pictures are recorded onto an optical disc, not only is text data recorded, but also video-recording start date and time, video-recording end date and time, and source name or channel number serving as primary text data are recorded in alphanumeric characters program by program or cell by cell, a program or a cell being used as a unit of video-recording. Other text data is recorded together with language code. Since the primary text data used to select video data is expressed in alphanumeric characters, a program or cell to be reproduced can be selected, regardless of language, and the text information in the same language as that of the apparatus can be searched for.

Abstract: This invention allows the user to insert an entry point (bookmark) at an arbitrary recording position of video data, audio data, and the like as if he or she placed a bookmark between pages of a book. Information RTR_VMG that manages recorded objects includes movie cell entry point information M_C_EPI. M_C_EPI includes entry point playback time information EP_PTM and text information PRM_TXTI that pertains to an entry point. PRM_TXTI can store text information that pertains to its contents together with type information and date information of an entry point.

Abstract: A spread code string containing a plurality of chips per interval in one horizontal interval or containing a plurality of chips per interval in one vertical interval is generated synchronously with the vertical sync signal at the generation star timing having a period of one vertical period or having a period of a plurality of vertical periods. The generated spread code string repeats over a plurality of horizontal intervals or a plurality of vertical intervals so that the chips having the same data are arranged in spatial direction of the vertical-direction or the time axis direction in picture unit. The additional information is spectrally spread so that the chips having the same data are arranged at least in the interval in each 1 horizontal interval or in each 1 vertical interval of the above-mentioned repetition interval, and the generated spectral spread signal is superimposed on the video signal.

Abstract: At least one musical composition is transmitted via a digital video disc together with bonus information relating to the musical composition and an approved interactive data required when a user accesses the bonus information. An arbitrary interactive data is entered by the user accessing the bonus information. The transmitted musical composition is reproducible regardless of the entered interactive data. However, a reproduction of the bonus information is allowed only when the entered interactive data agrees with the approved interactive data.

Abstract: An information recording medium according to an aspect of this invention includes a data area (A2) for recording user data and an address area (DMA address area) for recording address data that indicates the position of a defect management area that manages a defect present in the data area.

Abstract: An apparatus for automatically adjusting the recording quality of incoming video data is provided. The apparatus includes a content analyzer for evaluating an incoming stream of video programs; a recording manager for determining the target recording bit rate according to the type of video programs received by the content analyzing device, a bit rate controller for adjusting the recording bit rate of the incoming video stream, an encoder/transcoder device for transforming the incoming video programs into a video stream at a specified bit rate designated by the bit rate controller, and a disk storage medium for storing video programs provided by the encoder/transcoder device.

Abstract: When a recording menu screen is selected by a remote controller 13, a control unit 10 enters a recording programming mode to display the recording menu screen on a monitor 8. When any optional video file is selected from the list on said recording menu screen by a user, the area of the selected video file is registered as a recordable area and a recording programming screen is displayed on the monitor 8 to enable recording programming. Upon completion of the recording programming, when the control unit 10 enters a recording operation mode, it records the video data in a selected area on an HDD 10, and if the recording operation is not completed even when the video data is recorded until said area becomes full, continuously records the video data in a vacant area of the HDD 5.

Abstract: A digital image enhancer includes a deinterlacing processor receptive to an interlaced video stream. The deinterlacing processor includes a first deinterlacer and a second deinterlacer and provides a deinterlaced video stream. The digital image enhancer also includes a video output processor receptive to the output of the deinterlaced video stream to provide a scaled, deinterlaced video stream. A portable DVD player including the digital video enhancer has a generally thin prismatic enclosure having a first major surface, a second major surface separated from said first major surface, and side surfaces connecting the first major surface to the second major surface. At least a portion of the first major surface includes a video display, and the enclosure includes a DVD entry port such that a DVD can be inserted into the enclosure.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to automatically reverse the motor of a dispensing gun or similar tool. The invention includes a controller that automatically reverses the direction of plunger movement and removes the plunger from contact with the back wall of a cartridge. The controller has a trigger switch that is coupled to a power source, such as a battery, and includes a main power on/off switch and a potentiometer. A protection or secondary switch is coupled in parallel to the main power on/off switch. A power supply circuit and a commutator are each coupled to the main and secondary switches. An overload sensor is coupled to the commutator. The controller includes a programmable device that is coupled to the power supply circuit, the potentiometer, the commutator, and the overload sensor.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the fastening of a fluid transport mechanism to a fluid reservoir, and optionally, to various mechanisms which increase the effectiveness of the vaporizing units within which such devices may be employed. For example, the fluid transport mechanism is suitably fastened to the reservoir and removal of the transport mechanism is substantially inhibited by a retaining force provided by one or more fastening features. That is, the transport mechanism is fabricated or suitably augmented such that once it has been inserted into the reservoir, it is not easily removable without significant force or through the use of tools.

Abstract: The invention relates to a floor heating device comprising an electric heating cable extending backwards and forwards underneath a floor surface to be heated. Metal rectangular or square panels are provided with channels extending in parallel in the direction of deposition of the panels. Each metal panel is fitted on its reverse side with an insulating panel in a sandwich construction so that the channels of the metal panel penetrate into the insulating panel material. The assembled panels are deposited on the support of the floor in juxtaposed relationship in the longitudinal and transverse directions such that each channel of one metal panel continues into another channel formed in the adjacent metal panel at the end edge sides of the first metal panel. The heating cable is arranged inside the channels so as to extend from one metal panel to the next backwards and forwards across the floor.

Abstract: A temperature maintenance heater assembly 10 for maintaining the temperature of a heated fluid circulating through piping of a bath, including a pipe section 70, base plate 40, control device assembly 30, base plate cover 80, and a heating element 20. The pipe section has an outer wall 72, an inlet 74, and an outlet 76. The control device assembly 30 has a first and second pressure switch 32A and 32B, wherein each of the first and second pressure switches have first and second electrical terminals 34A, 36A, 34B and 36B, pressure sensors 38A and 38B, and switch mechanisms 39A and 39B activated by the pressure sensor 38A and 38B. The base plate 40 has an upper surface 42 and a lower surface 52, wherein the control device assembly 30 is attached to the upper surface 42 of the base plate 40, and the base plate 40 is attached to the outer wall 72 of the pipe section 70. The base plate cover 80 is removably attached to the base plate 40, and wherein the cover 80 encloses the control device assembly 30.

Abstract: A device for keeping a portion of a body of water free from ice includes a heating element and a buoyant enclosure to contain the heating element.

Abstract: An FPC mounting structure for a lens shutter having a lens-shutter unit having therein a photographing lens and a shutter, and an FPC which is adapted to connect the lens-shutter unit to a control circuit, includes a circumferentially extending FPC which is supported along an outer surface of the lens-shutter unit, and an axially extending FPC which extends in the optical axis direction and which is connected to the control circuit. The circumferentially extending FPC and the axially extending FPC are constructed separately and are connected to each other in a press-contact state.

Abstract: A lens assembly includes an exposure control unit having an exposure control member; a lens drive unit including a lens drive mechanism which moves a photographing lens group in an optical axis direction; center apertures which are formed in the exposure control unit and the lens drive unit, respectively, at the center portions thereof, which define a lens movement opening when the exposure control unit and the lens drive unit are connected to each other; and a lens support frame which supports the photographing lens group, the lens support frame being provided in the lens movement openings so as to move in the optical axis direction and driven via the lens drive mechanism.

Abstract: A lens displacing mechanism for an objective lens comprising an actuator movable to displace the objective lens, and a shaped memory alloy (abbreviated to SMA) wire which when heated contracts to a memorized shape to move the actuator to displace the objective lens, is characterized in that the SMA wire has opposite ends that are fixed in place and an intermediate movable portion between the opposite ends that directly contacts the actuator to move the actuator when the SMA wire is heated to contract.

Abstract: A camera provided with a body having an opening for object light to enter, a photographic optical system having an inclined surface for refracting object light entering from the opening to form an image of the object light, and an image sensing element for sensing the object image formed by the photographic optical system, wherein the photographic optical system is disposed within the body so as to form a space between the body and a reflective surface of the inclined surface relative to the object light entering from the opening, and some of the structural parts of the camera are arranged adjacent to the inclined surface in the space.

Abstract: A sub-mirror which deflects a focal point detection light flux passing through an area off the optical axis of a photographing optical system toward the optical axis and a second deflection member that deflects the focal point detection light flux deflected by the sub-mirror to allow it to advance roughly parallel to the photographic optical axis are provided. A pair of light fluxes achieved by deflecting the focal point detection light flux twice are guided to an image sensor to form a pair of subject images on the image sensor. The focal adjustment state is detected based upon the extent to which the pair of subject images are offset.

Abstract: An exposure control method and apparatus for a camera having a two-area divided brightness measurement system. A central light value is determined based on a central area brightness of a photographic scene, and a peripheral light value is determined based on a peripheral area brightness of the scene. After determining by comparison between the central and peripheral light values whether the scene is back-lighted or front-lighted, a correction coefficient specific to back-lighted scenes or that specific to front-lighted scenes is read from a memory.

Abstract: A camera including a photographing optical system and a finder optical system, includes an objective optical system and an ocular optical system, the optical axes thereof being parallel with each other; a reflection surface which reflects a light bundle in the vertical direction of the camera; a reflection surface which reflects the light bundle in the horizontal direction of the camera toward an light-emitting optical axis of the ocular optical system; and a reflection surface located on the light-emitting optical axis to make a connecting optical axis coincident with the light-emitting optical axis of the ocular optical system. The connecting optical axis is inclined with respect to the horizontal direction of the camera so that the optical axes of the objective optical system and the ocular optical system are close to each other with respect to the vertical direction of the camera.

Abstract: A lock device is provided for locking an accessory-grip to a camera body. A lock lever is movably supported by a housing. The lock lever is moved and can be stopped at a lock position, a partial release position, and a complete release position. First and second connecting members are movably supported by the housing, and can be displaced in association with the lock lever. When the lock lever is positioned at the lock position, the first and second connecting members are engaged with the camera body. When the lock lever is positioned at the partial release position, the first connecting member is released from the camera body and the second connecting member maintains the engaged state.

Abstract: A camera includes a lens support frame which supports a photographing lens group; an outer lens barrel which is provided on the front end thereof with a photographing aperture through which the lens support frame is moved; a lens barrier mechanism which opens and closes the photographing aperture of the outer lens barrel; a lens drive mechanism which moves the lens support frame in the outer lens barrel between a forward movement extremity in which the front end of the lens support frame is located in front of the photographing opening in an optical axis direction, and a rearward movement extremity in which the front end of the lens support frame is located behind the photographing aperture; and a barrier detection device for detecting the opening state of the lens barrier mechanism, based on an amount of movement of the lens support frame in the optical axis direction via the lens drive mechanism.

Abstract: A camera focal plane shutter according to the invention comprises a shutter blade for opening and closing an exposure aperture to carry out an exposure operation; an electromagnetic actuator for directly driving the shutter blade, and a positioning means for positioning the shutter blade at an operation starting position. This positioning means is comprised of a swing arm supported in a manner enabling it to swing so as to comes into contact with and separate from a drive pin of a rotor, a torsion spring for applying a pushing force so as to push one end of the swing arm against the drive pin, and an eccentric pin which stops the swing arm at a position with a predetermined angle against the pushing force of the torsion spring. Therefore, an impulse force caused by the movement of the shutter blade is eased, and the shutter blade is easily positioned with high accuracy at the operation starting position.

Abstract: A lens shutter mechanism includes a support frame having a photographing aperture; at least three shutter sectors which open and close the photographing aperture via rotating axes which extend parallel to the optical axis; and at least three diaphragm sectors which vary an aperture diameter formed by the diaphragm sectors to restrict the diameter of the photographing aperture, independently from the shutter sectors, via rotating axes which extend parallel to the optical axis. The support frame is provided with rotational center portions spaced from each other at equi-angular intervals about the optical axis, the number of the rotational center portions being same as each of the number of the shutter sectors and the number of the diaphragm sectors. Each of the rotational center portions rotatably and coaxially supports a one of the shutter sectors and one of the diaphragm sectors.

Abstract: A waterproof case for containing a portable device including at least one operation part offset in a direction perpendicular to an inserting direction of the portable device into the case body of the waterproof case, includes at least one operation part that operatively cooperates with the at least one operation part of the portable device, and a moving and holding device that moves the portable device in a direction perpendicular to the inserting direction of the portable device after the portable device is inserted into the case body and that holds the portable device in a moved position so as to operatively cooperate the at least one operation part of the portable device with the at least one operation part of the case body.

Abstract: An apparatus for forming transitioned edges in patterns formed by a scanning laser in a dyed textile material is disclosed. The transition rate between the untreated material and the treated material is controlled by passing a scanning laser beam through a mask prior to the laser beam reaching a focal point. An apertured mask can be employed to control the transition rate, wherein the location of the aperture relative to the focal point of the laser beam and configuration of the aperture periphery are manipulated to effect the transition rate.

Abstract: This invention relates to a Web-based imaging system that provides print job assurance. Such systems of this type, generally, warm the user, prior to printing, whether or not the print job will be able to be printed, as expected.

Abstract: The density of an image read by a scanner unit 1 is recognized. A consumption of tonor required for development in each of development units 69y, 69m, 69c and 69k is detected according to the results of the recognition. The detected consumption is displayed on a liquid crystal display unit 44.

Abstract: A developing apparatus of the present invention is provided with a developing roller for supplying a developing agent to an image carrier by rotation, a layer regulation blade for regulating the layer thickness of a developing agent supplied to the developing roller, a thermistor for sensing the temperature of either the developing roller or the layer regulation member, and a control section for controlling the rotation of the developing roller in accordance with a temperature sensed by the thermistor.

Abstract: A fixing device is provided in the middle of a conveyance path for conveyance of a sheet on which a toner image is transferred. A fixing roller round which an endless fixing belt is put is provided on a top surface side of the sheet, i.e. on one side of the conveyance path. The fixing belt is longer than an outer periphery of the fixing belt. A pressurizing roller for pushing the sheet on the fixing belt is provided on a back surface side of the sheet, i.e. on the other side of the conveyance path. A halogen lamp is arranged on an outer side of a part of the fixing belt where the fixing belt is not put round the fixing roller. The toner image on the sheet is heated and fused, and pressurized on the sheet by the fixing belt, which is heated by the halogen lamp, and the toner image is fixed on the sheet.

Abstract: This image forming device is arranged such that desired functions and their respective setting details can be allocated to shortcut keys, and titles and icons representing the functions allocated to the shortcut keys can also be designated for the shortcut keys and displayed on the shortcut keys. Accordingly, when executing a function allocated to a shortcut key, the operator can select the desired function according to the indication on the shortcut key without having to refer to the operations manual or the like. Also, the operator can start the image forming operation for executing the function together with its setting details only by a pressing operation on the shortcut key, being spared operations for setting such details of the selected function. As a result, the number of times of key operations by the operator is reduced, thereby improving the operability.