Abstract: Disclosed is a variably timed rotary valve mechanism for controlling the air/fuel intake into and exhaust gases out of an internal combustion engine. There are two rotary valve shafts, one intake and one exhaust, that contain two intake and two exhaust valve ports per engine cylinder. These rotary valve shafts are driven by and synchronized with the engine crankshaft via a conventional timing belt. The timing of each of these rotary valve shafts relative to the crankshaft can be varied individually through hydraulic servomotors under control of a computerized engine management system.

Abstract: In a one-cylinder or multi-cylinder internal combustion engine there is provided in the cylinder cover (7) a drainage duct (12, 14), which at one end opens radially inward of the annular gasket in the region of the inner rim of the cylinder liner (2), and whose outer end is in communication with the intake port (13) or exhaust port (15) in the cylinder cover (7).

Abstract: A low friction sliding element for reciprocating engine parts, including a sliding contact surface that is in sliding contact with a counterpart during relative sliding motion of the sliding element and the counterpart. The sliding contact surface has microscopic recesses and plateaus interrupted by the recesses. The recesses have depths regularly varying in a sliding direction of the sliding element.

Abstract: A cylinder block assembly for an engine comprises a cylinder block having a sidewall provided with apron attachment points and an apron mountable on the sidewall. The apron is adapted to receive engine components and comprises a tray-like cover which is dimensioned to substantially conform with the side of the cylinder block, thereby avoiding the need to machine the cylinder block to receive engine components. A cylinder block may be customized by the provision of an apron having appropriate components attached to the cylinder block, so that a single cylinder block can be used for a number of different engines.

Abstract: A cylinder block structure includes a plurality of mounting bolts extending through a plurality of bearing caps and through a crank case to fix a crank shaft in a cylinder block. During operation, the crank shaft transmits detrimental horizontal stress to the bearing caps, the mounting bolts, and the crank case. A bulge portion, a plurality of reinforcing ribs, boss portions, and reinforcing oil transport structures extend away from the cylinder block to resist the horizontal stresses and prevent deformation of the mounting bolts and the bearing caps. An engine mount bracket secures the cylinder block structure to an external position and provides additional rigidity. The bulge portion, reinforcing ribs, boss portions and other structures minimize vibration and allow close tolerances by providing rigidity to the cylinder block structure without increasing wall thickness.

Abstract: A lubricant conditioning system with a lubricant filtering subsystem mounted to a thermal conditioning subsystem. The lubricant filtering subsystem is in lubricant communication with a lubricant distribution subsystem. The thermal conditioning subsystem is in fluid communication with an internal combustion engine's cooling system. Upon activating or starting the engine 11 and activating the lubricant conditioning system via a switch, a thermally controlled conduit begins heating the lubricant in the engine's lubricant sump. The lubricant is pumped through the lubricant distribution subsystem and is circulated throughout the engine's lubrication system. As the engine is operated, the engine's lubricant is pumped into the lubricant filtering subsystem. The lubricant filtering subsystem filters the lubricant.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine connecting rod capable of preventing rotation or relative slippage of a slide metal piece even if the nail of the slide metal piece is not abutted. An internal combustion engine connecting rod comprising a hole in the end of the connecting rod main body, the end being divided into a plurality of parts circumferentially of the hole, and a slide metal piece (10) disposed on the inner peripheral surface of the hole, wherein the inner peripheral surface of the hole is provided with slits (L, L′) extending in one direction at an angle of 13-90° with respect to the circumferential direction.

Abstract: In a common rail system comprised of a first accumulator storing high-pressure fuel and a second accumulator storing low-pressure fuel, additional fuel is injected when a fuel pressure in a fuel passage or in the second accumulator (low inlet pressure of an injector) is reduced to a low pressure approximate to the pressure of the low-pressure fuel stored in the second accumulator after a switching valve is operated for disconnection from the fuel passage (switching valve drive signal OFF) at a point in time when a main injection control device finishes the injection of fuel (injector drive signal OFF) or after the main injection control device finishes the injection of fuel. This keeps the fuel pressure as low as possible during post injection to prevent the fuel from adhering to the wall surfaces of cylinder liners.

Abstract: When an engine rotates at a at a low speed, an injection of fuel is started immediately after a scavenging port of the engine has been closed, and all fuel is injected during the time when an exhaust port is opened, by which an idling operation of the engine is performed steadily. When the engine rotates at a middle speed, fuel is injected from an injector even for a period of time deviated from the period between a timing of closure of the scavenging port and the timing of closure of the exhaust port, by which the quantity of fuel required by the engine is injected. When the engine rotates at a high speed, the timing of start of the fuel injection is advanced as the rotational speed increases, and finally, the timing of start of the fuel injection is advanced to the timing of opening of the scavenging port or the timing immediately after opening of the scavenging port thereby to secure the required quantity of the fuel.

Abstract: An intake apparatus and methods of an internal combustion engine that controls an intake air current to the combustion engine. An intake current control valve has an open portion for passing intake currents, and has an external shape that has at least four corner portions corresponding to a shape of an intake pipe. Precise control of the amount of intake air can be accomplished if the open portion is closed, and then the amount of air leaking via the periphery of the valve is measured.

Abstract: In an engine control system (10) for an industrial internal combustion engine (12) driving a load (14) and desired to run at constant speed as controlled by an engine control unit (16) including a governor controlling an engine throttle (18), a governing system is provided for holding the engine (12) at relatively constant speed, notwithstanding load changes, by anticipating load change with pre-set loop modification control.

Abstract: A control system for a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine is provided. The engine is of the kind in which switching between a full cylinder operation with all cylinders in operation and a part cylinder operation with some of cylinders kept out of operation is selectively performed. The control system comprises a first calculator for calculating, at the part cylinder operation, a target air fuel quantity per one operative cylinder that enables the engine to produce a torque equal to that at the full cylinder operation, a second calculator for calculating a throttle valve target opening area at the part cylinder operation from the target intake air quantity per one operative cylinder, and a controller for controlling a throttle valve opening degree so that the throttle valve target opening area is obtained. A control method is also provided.

Abstract: The method for regulating knocking in an internal combustion engine, particularly of a motor vehicle, has the following steps:

Abstract: Manufacturing imperfections and component failures in the fuel system of an engine, can lead to non-uniform torque production among the cylinders. Non-uniform cylinder torques can be observed as small engine speed fluctuations about the average engine speed at any given operating point. Engine speed data contains fluctuations at different frequencies. The amplitude of fluctuations at some known frequencies tell about the health of the fuel injectors and the engine. In the present invention, the instantaneous engine speed data is filtered by discrete second-order band-pass filters to find the engine speed fluctuations at particular frequencies. The output of the filters is identical to power spectral density of speed signal at those frequencies. The amplitude of each filter output is then compared to a predetermined threshold value. If the amplitude is bigger than this threshold, it indicates the existence of low fueling or high fueling fuel injectors.

Abstract: In a fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine with a high pressure pump for supplying pressurized fuel to fuel injection valves and a multi-way valve disposed in the high pressure fuel line to the fuel injector for controlling the fuel flow to the injector, the multi-way valve is a spool valve which includes an actuator for positioning the spool to provide selectively a flow connection between the high pressure pump and the injection valve or between the injection valve and a fuel return line and which further includes an inflow throttle structure forming a pressure control device. A pressure sensor is arranged between the spool valve and the fuel injector and supplies the sensed pressure value to a controller which compares the value with predetermined set values and provides a correction value to the multi-way valve actuator for the correction of the pressure of the fuel supplied to the fuel injection valve.

Abstract: A high-pressure fuel supply system of an internal combustion engine is provided which includes a high-pressure pump driven by the engine and operable with a cycle consisting of an intake stroke and a discharge stroke. The high-pressure pump includes a valve selectively placed in an open position to allow the fuel to be introduced into the pump and in a closed position to allow the fuel to be fed under pressure to a high-pressure portion located downstream of the high-pressure pump. A controller of the fuel supply system generates commands for closing the valve to the high-pressure pump during starting of the engine before the cylinders are discriminated from each other, such that a period of the generated commands is shorter than a half of the cycle of operation of the high-pressure pump during starting of the engine.

Abstract: A hydraulically actuated fuel injector has an injector body including a barrel and defining a nozzle chamber, a needle control chamber, and a nozzle outlet that opens to the nozzle chamber. The injector body further includes an actuation fluid inlet and an actuation fluid drain. A barrel defines an actuation fluid cavity and a piston bore, which includes an upper bore and a lower bore. Fuel is hydraulically pressurized in the nozzle chamber. A piston with a stepped top slides in the piston bore and moves in between a retracted position and an advanced position. A needle valve member in the nozzle chamber moves between an open position and a closed position. The needle valve member includes a closing hydraulic surface exposed to pressure in the needle control chamber.

Abstract: A fuel pressure regulation system for an internal combustion engine to regulate fuel pressure using a two-state pressure switch. In addition to the pressure switch, the system includes a control circuit, a current sensor, and a fuel pressure control device such as a fuel pump. The control circuit uses the pressure switch to sense whether the downstream fuel pressure is above or below a desired reference pressure. When below the reference pressure, the control circuit drives the fuel pump at full on to increase the fuel line pressure to the reference pressure. Once the fuel pressure rises and increases to or past the reference pressure, the pressure switch changes state, at which point the current sensor is used to sample and record the magnitude of the electric current supplied to the fuel pump at the moment the switch state changes.

Abstract: A fuel injection system for direct injection of fuels into at least one combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine has at least one fuel injection valve for each combustion chamber which can be inserted at a spray section into a respective receptacle bore hole, which is designed on the cylinder head of the internal combustion engine and has a fuel inlet opening on an inlet section. This fuel injection system also has a fuel distributor line which has a fuel outlet opening for each fuel inlet opening of the fuel injection valve. A tubular transition piece is arranged between the fuel inlet opening of each fuel injection valve and the respective fuel outlet opening and can be snarlingly connected to the fuel inlet opening of the respective fuel injection valve and to the fuel outlet opening of the fuel distributor line so that it can move within predetermined limits.

Abstract: An engine with transport delay represented by a delay period is controlled with a controller in the feed-forward path and a compensator in a negative inner feedback loop around the controller. The controller generates a control signal so as to control the engine as if the engine was without the delay. A compensation signal is generated as the sum of the control signal only over the delay period. The control signal is based on an error signal generated as the difference between a desired input and the sum of a controlled engine output and the compensation signal.

Abstract: A method is described for operating a fuel injector for fuel injection systems of internal combustion engines, particularly for the direct injection of fuel into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, The fuel injector has a magnetic coil, an armature acted upon in a closing direction by a resetting spring, and a valve needle, frictionally connected to the armature, for actuating a valve-closure member which, together with a valve-seat surface , forms a sealing seat.

Abstract: A micro-pulsation metering fuel injection system, comprising a throttle body and at least one injection unit. The throttle body is mounted in an inlet pipe of a cylinder of an internal combustion engine for controlling a quantity of flow of air into a combustion chamber. The injection units are mounted on the throttle body and have each a plurality of micropumps. The micropumps suck in fuel and inject tiny droplets of fuel into an air inlet inside the throttle body, so that the droplets of fuel mix with air in the throttle body, creating a mixture, which enters the combustion chamber of the cylinder. A control unit senses operating parameters of the engine and drives the injection units via a driver unit. This allows precisely to control the quantity of injected fuel and flexibly to control the distributing fuel spray, resulting in higher fuel efficiency and lore exhaust emission.

Abstract: In a tank for a system for injection supply of LPG for internal-combustion engines, a number of hydraulic-connection elements associated to a service flange which closes the top opening of the tank are mounted on said flange by fixing to the bottom surface of the latter, without having any parts that are mounted via through holes of the flange. Provided inside the tank is an electrically operated pump which is fixed to the bottom wall of the tank structure and which in turn carries the structure of a level-sensing device of a capacitive type.

Abstract: A gas injection device in which an tunnel-like inner room is formed by surrounding with an inner wall, the inner room is communicated to the intake air flow passage of the intake pipe to allow the intake air to flow through the inner room, the inner wall is surrounded with an outer wall to form between the inner wall and outer wall an outer gas chamber into which fuel gas is introduced, and gas injection holes are provided in the inner wall to permit the gas in the outer gas chamber to sprout out from the injection holes into the air stream flowing through the inner room. The inner room may be partitioned into a plurality of tunnel-like rooms to correspond to the number of the intake air passages in the cylinder head.

Abstract: A valve shaft scraping and filtering device for use in an engine valve includes a woven mesh annulus disposed within a valve assembly and surrounding the valve shaft such that the annulus gently scrapes the valve shaft as the valve shaft reciprocates within the valve assembly without interfering with shaft actuation. The annulus may be made with a high density weave and utilized as a filter or particulate seal to trap loose particulates which may be present within the valve.

Abstract: Disclosed is a motor-operated flow control valve for internal combustion engines which has a longer useful life and does not cause a drop of torque generated by a motor at the start-up. A rotor shaft (9) is reciprocated with rotating motion of a motor (32), whereupon a valve head (2a) is moved to open and close an orifice for control of a flow rate. Specific frequency of a rotor unit (33) of the motor (32) is set to be higher than the secondary vibration frequency of rotation of a 4-cycle internal combustion engine. The rotor unit (33) comprises an integral magnet (25), a single ball bearing (27) and a resin-made magnet holder (26) for supporting these two members, the magnet, the ball bearing and the magnet holder being formed into an integral structure. The rotor unit is supported such that an outer race (27c) of the ball bearing (27) is held at its one end against an inner peripheral wall of a housing resin (14) and a preload is applied to the other end of the outer race (27c).

Abstract: An engine control unit having electronic components and various circuits for controlling an engine is mounted on a portion substantially just above an intake manifold of the engine. An ignition coil circuit and an injector circuit are formed integrally in a case of the engine control unit. A connector for connecting a sensor circuit to the engine control unit and a harness connecting connector are formed on a peripheral wall surface of the case of the engine control unit.

Abstract: A ball-throwing machine includes a camera connected to a computer vision unit and a microphone connected to a speech-processing unit. The computer vision unit processes images from the camera to determine a user's position, and to detect user gestures from a predetermined repertoire of gestures. The speech-processing unit recognizes user vocal commands from a predetermined repertoire of commands. A computer receives information from a control panel, from the computer vision unit, from the speech-processing unit, and from a file describing the ballistic properties of the ball to be thrown. The computer accordingly determines a ball trajectory according to the user's position and parameters indicated by a combination of control-panel settings, user gestures, and user vocal commands. The computer then adjusts the direction, elevation, ball speed, and ball spin to conform to the determined trajectory, and initiates throwing of a ball accordingly.

Abstract: A continuous firing structure is provided for color bullet of a cap gun. The cap gun has a main body with a machine unit. The continuous firing structure mainly comprises a bullet barrel at one end of the main body and a through hole between the bullet barrel and the unit for the operation of a pushing cylinder and a discharge pin.

Abstract: An oven device for use with a heat source and a cooking utensil is provided. The oven device is supported on a base and is positioned over or adjacent to the heat source. The oven device has at least a wall structure, an oven chamber and an oven support. The wall structure is made of a high temperature flexible, foldable fabric. The wall structure has at least a circumferential side-wall, a top and an open bottom. The side wall has a bottom edge. The top does not have a vent. The oven chamber is located within the wall structure and defined by the interior surface of the wall structure. The oven chamber has an enclosed volume suitable for cooking (baking) food in the cooking utensil. The oven support is for supporting the wall structure enclosing the heat source and cooking utensil such that the bottom edge is spaced above the base to provide an air gap to allow an in flux of air to the heat source.

Abstract: A vertical hearth barbecue grill having a removable, vertical firebox that is backwardly inclined so as to provide a combination of direct and indirect heating. Multiple cooking grids positionable at various heights across the firebox provide an substantial cooking area for grilling, broiling, and searing. Inclination minimizes ash avalanche during briquette burning. A top grid located directly over the firebox provides a surface for searing or high-temperature cooking (i.e., direct heating), a mid-level cooking grid provides medium temperature indirect and/or partial direct heating cooking, and a lower main cooking grid provides indirect medium temperature for broiling or baking. A pair of opposed insulated sidewalls help confine heat in and about the cooking grids and may also support a removable, hinged cover lid that establishes an oven-like enclosure about the mid-level and main cooking grids to provide a baking/broiling chamber.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for grilling and broiling food including a housing defining an upper cooking chamber for grilling food and a lower cooking chamber for broiling food. A heat source between the upper and lower cooking chambers supplies heat to the upper and lower cooking chambers. A heat reflector above the heat source reflects heat from the heat source downwardly into the lower cooking chamber.

Abstract: An ignition device for stove comprises a battery container projected from a housing of the stove and having a battery therein; a releasable ignition switch projected from an outer end of the battery container being capable of detaching the ignition switch for removing the battery from the battery container for replacement when the battery is used up; a high voltage generator within the stove being electrically coupled to the battery container through a first conductive line; and at least one second conductive line extended from the high voltage generator and having an arc tip proximal to a stove head of the stove. An electrical connection is established between the high voltage generator and the battery when the ignition switch is pressed for generating an arc in the arc tip by the high voltage generator for igniting gas flowed from the stove head.

Abstract: An orthotic trauma device is provided including an elongated orthosis body adapted to be wrapped around a portion of a body of a wearer of the device, the orthosis body being formed of a pliant material which is adapted to be easily cut with cloth-cutting scissors; a detachable fastening device provided at distal ends of the elongated orthosis body to releasably secure the distal ends to one another; and means for adjusting the tightness of the orthosis body operatively associated with the detachable fastening device.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a dual-cannister inhaler for effectively delivering medications by inhalation through the mouth of patients, having a spacer for more effectively mixing the medication and air, and easy to operate lever and canister selection mechanisms. A preferred embodiment of the invention has universal receptors for two metered dose inhaler canisters. A lever arm is provided that is opposed to the body of the inhaler, which allows a patient to use the entire hand to activate the metered dose inhaler canister. A simple and easy to operate sliding selector permits one-handed control of the canister selector. In a preferred embodiment a valve assembly and whistle are included in the inhaler to improve the consistency and effectiveness of delivery of medication to the lungs of a patient.

Abstract: Pulmonary surfactant is required in order to reduce surface tension in the lungs so that less effort is needed to reinflate the lungs after exhalation. A number of diseases and conditions exist that disrupt the normal flow of surfactant secretion, resulting in respiratory distress or failure. The present invention provides a method of treating a patient in respiratory distress syndrome wherein a surfactant deficiency has occurred, thereby restoring a normal respiratory function.

Abstract: Connecting apparatus for placing at least one single fluid flow path in fluid communication with at least two single fluid flow paths of a plurality of single fluid flow paths.

Abstract: A portable aspiration device using suction to clear a breathing obstacle or the like in conjunction with a commercially available flow-control member providing opposing operating mode objectives of progressively diminishing porosity in response to fluid contact and progressively increasing the volume of aspirated fluid in a reservoir so that ideally suction is cut off when the reservoir is full to avoid overflow, but in which assumed positions during use inadvertently cause splashing contact of fluid against the flow-control member and premature suction cut off by an unfilled reservoir to interrupt treatment. As a solution, a baffle in size and shape is disposed about the flow-control member and adjacent facing surfaces bound therebetween a compartment of such nominal width that splashing does not occur therein.

Abstract: The apparatus provides for the determination of the instantaneous phase in the respiratory cycle, subject's average respiration rate and the provision of ventilatory assistance. A microprocessor (16) receives an airflow signal from a pressure transducer (18) coupled to a port (17) at a mask (11). The microprocessor (16) controls a servo (19), that in turn controls the fan motor (20) and thus the pressure of air delivered by the blower (10). The blower (10) is coupled to a subject's mask (ii) by a conduit (12). The invention seeks to address the following goals: while the subject is awake and making substantial efforts the delivered assistance should be closely matched in phase with the subject's efforts; the machine should automatically adjust the degree of assistance to maintain at least a specified minimum ventilation without relying on the integrity of the subject's chemoreflexes; and it should continue to work correctly in the pesence of large leaks.

Abstract: A portable emergency breathing apparatus having an inflatable air bladder and a mouth piece. The mouth piece has a valve means for allowing a user to release air stored within the inflatable air bladder to the user's mouth.

Abstract: An expiration cassette is removably insertable in a receiving section of a ventilator and contains a gas passage, an expiratory valve and a flow meter. The expiratory cassette also has a locking mechanism for lacking and unlocking interaction with a receiving section in the ventilator.

Abstract: A dispensing system includes a vessel having an exit port in a first end wall and an open second end, a dispensing member capable of adopting a receiving position at which the exit port is open and discharge position at which the exit port is closed, the dispensing member having a substantially flat upper surface at least a part of which is in continuous sealing contact with the first end wall of the vessel, and an actuator for driving a proportion of a volume of gas through a powdered formulation to the exit port and into the metering chamber of the dispensing member in the receiving position.

Abstract: An aviation or similar headset having an ear cup includes an oximeter. In one embodiment, the oximeter is mounted to a cushion of the ear cup so as to be generally coplanar thereweith. When the headset is worn, the ear cup is located about the ear of the wearer and the oximeter is positioned proximal to or against the skin of the wearer near the ear. The oximeter obtains blood-oxygen content information. The oximeter output may be provided to an oxygen delivery control apparatus arranged to control the flow of oxygen to a user in an open-loop breathing system including an oxygen supply and a delivery apparatus for delivering supplemental oxygen to a user.

Abstract: The present invention allows a low-flow anesthesia method to be executed while hindering temperature increases in a carbon dioxide absorbent, thereby reducing evaporation of water from the carbon dioxide absorbent and the amount of condensation formed in an anesthetic circuit, but without increasing the amount of decomposed compounds.

Abstract: A low contact nasal mask assembly that includes a seal member defined from a unitary piece of elastomeric material. The seal member defines a nose receiving cavity and has a first end portion and a second end portion generally opposite the first end portion. A first open is defined in the first end portion to allow at least a portion of a nose of a patient to enter the nose receiving cavity such that the nares of the patient communicate with the nose receiving cavity. The seal member also includes a neck portion defined in the second end portion and a second opening defined in the neck portion in communication with the nose receiving cavity. In addition, an outside diameter of the seal member and an inside diameter of the seal member increase generally linearly from the second end portion to the first end portion to minimize contact of the seal member with a patient and to minimize dead space.

Abstract: An adjustable forehead support for a nasal mask. The present invention discloses an adjustable forehead support for a nasal or full-face mask wherein the forehead support may be adjusted for the different shapes and sizes of a facial profile. The forehead support utilizes a dual-arm system which adjusts the position of the forehead support vis-a-vis the mask and/or air flow tube. The angle of the mask to the face may be adjusted with the present invention.

Abstract: An arm holding device. The device includes a waist band, a groin strap fitted with an attachment/release buckle, and arms bands which are slidably attached to the waist band. The attachment/release buckle on the groin strap makes placing and removing the device on the patient a simple process. The slidably attached arm bands give the patient limited movement of their arms, while effectively holding the arms of the patient to prevent the patient from aggravating an injury. The device is made of flexible materials to provide as much comfort as possible for the patient, while still being effective.

Abstract: Disclosed is an esophageal bulking device for implantation below the mucosa in the vicinity of the lower esophageal sphincter. Preferably, the bulking device comprises an expandable hydrogel implant. Also disclosed are methods of treating gastroesophageal reflux disease, by implanting an expandable bulking device below the mucosa in the vicinity of the lower esophageal sphincter. The bulking device may be subsequently explanted from the vicinity of the lower esophageal sphincter.

Abstract: A catheter includes a plurality of expandable primary leads to deliver energy to a fallopian tube, a vein such as a hemorrhoid or an esophageal varix, or another hollow anatomical structure requiring ligation or occlusion. Each of the primary leads includes an electrode located at the working end of the catheter. Separation is maintained between the primary leads such that the leads can receive power of selected polarity. The primary leads are constructed to expand outwardly to place the electrodes into apposition with a hollow anatomical structure. High frequency energy can be applied from the leads to create a heating effect in the surrounding tissue of the anatomical structure. The diameter of the hollow anatomical structure is reduced by the heating effect, and the electrodes of the primary leads are moved closer to one another.

Abstract: A system and method of performing a medical diagnosis in real time that can diagnose a health condition of a mobile terminal user in real time is disclosed. Various sensors provided in the mobile terminal sense a body condition, and a server diagnoses the health condition of the user from the sensed condition information, and informs the user of the corresponding health keeping plan and medical treatment as well. Thus, the user can conveniently check his/her health condition any time and anywhere.