Abstract: A composition for electrophoretic deposition of a protective coating. The composition comprises a cationic resin emulsion; and a curative mixed with the cationic resin emulsion. The composition after electrophoretic deposition and curing provides the protective coating that has a concentration of extractable ionic contaminants less than about 200 nanograms/cm2; and a concentration of labile components less than about 36,000 nanograms/cm2.

Abstract: A composition capable of forming a metal ruthenium film and a ruthenium oxide film by a simple application/baking process, a process for forming a metal ruthenium film and a ruthenium oxide film from the composition, a metal ruthenium film and a ruthenium oxide film formed by the process, and electrodes formed of the films.

Abstract: A cable comprising at least one conductor and at least one coating layer based on a composite material comprising:

Abstract: A roll of flexible web having on its surface a plurality of reactive vinylsulfonyl groups fixed to the web via a linking group is favorably employable for manufacturing analytical elements to be used for analysis of biochemically active substances, for instance, analytical elements to which nucleotide derivatives or their analogues are attached.

Abstract: In one embodiment, composite constructions of the invention are in the form of a plurality of coated fibers bundled together to produce a fibrous composite construction in the form of a rod. Each fiber has a core formed from a hard phase material, that is surrounded by a shell formed from a binder phase material. In another embodiment of the invention, monolithic sheets of the hard phase material and the binder phase material are stacked and arranged to produce a swirled composite in the form of a rod. In still another embodiment of the invention, sheets formed from coated fibers are arranged to produce a swirled composite. Inserts for use in such drilling applications as roller cone rock bits and percussion hammer bits, and shear cutters for use in such drilling applications as drag bits, that are manufactured using conventional methods from these composite constructions exhibit increased fracture toughness due to the continuous binder phase around the hard phase of the composites.

Abstract: In an intermediate coating composition comprising high-acid-value polyester resin, low-acid-value polyester resin, melamine resin containing an imino group and pigments, a ratio (AV1/AV2) of acid value (AV1) of high-acid-value polyester resin to that (AV2) of low-acid-value polyester resin is adjusted to be 1.25 ˜5. A method for forming multilayered coating films using this intermediate coating composition and multilayered coating films prepared using said method.

Abstract: An optical biaxially oriented polyester film, an adhesive film and a colored hard coat film, which can be adhered to the image display surface of a CRT or liquid crystal display device to improve the contrast and color purity of the CRT or the liquid crystal display device without deteriorating the brightness, can be provided.

Abstract: The 4-methyl-1-pentene copolymer multi-layer film according to the present invention is a three-layer laminate or a five-layer laminate, which comprises a layer (A) comprising 4-methyl-1-pentene, a layer (B) comprising polypropylene or polyethylene, and optionally, a layer (C) comprising an adhesive resin, said layer (A) being provided on each surface of the layer (B) in the three-layer laminate or being provided on each surface of the layer (B) through the layer (C) in the five-layer laminate, and this multi-layer film is uniaxially stretched in a stretch ratio of not less than 2 times or biaxially oriented in a stretch ratio of not less than 1.5 times in each of the machine direction and the transverse direction.

Abstract: This invention concerns a composite plate from which an insert for sanitary articles, in particular bath tubs, shower bases, flush bowls and wash basins can be produced by deep drawing, wherein a coating of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA, acrylic glass) is arranged on a support in particular of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS).

Abstract: A shock absorbing material comprising an Al—Mg—Si series aluminum alloy having high strength and showing excellent energy absorbing property when compressed in the axial direction of extrusion is obtained. The shock absorbing material of the invention has a hollow cross section, mainly comprises a fibrous structure and can be manufactured by press quenching just after extrusion followed by aging. In the press quenching, press quenching under air-cooling advantageous in view of the dimensional accuracy or the cost can be adopted. Further, the shock absorbing material of the invention has excellent cracking resistance to a compressive load in the lateral direction as well as in the axial direction. The shock absorbing material of the invention is suitable as side members or bumper stays in the frame structures of automobiles.

Abstract: A method for forming a thermal barrier coating system on a turbine engine component includes forming a bondcoat on the turbine engine component and depositing a thermal barrier coating so as to overlie the bondcoat. The bondcoat is formed by thermally co-spraying first and second distinct alloy powders on the turbine engine component forming an oxidation-resistant region, and thermally spraying a third alloy powder on the oxidation-resistant region to form a bonding region.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for applying a heat shielding coating system on a metallic substrate. The coating system comprises at least three individual layers selected from the group of barrier layer, hot gas corrosion protection layer, protection layer, heat barrier layer, and smoothing layer. The coating system is applied to the metallic substrate by low pressure plasma spraying in a single operation cycle. This process enables the layers to be applied in an arbitrary sequence. The process is preferably used in applying a coating system to a turbine blade, particularly a stator or a rotor blade of a stationary gas turbine or of an aircraft engine, or to another component in a stationary or aircraft turbine that is subjected to hot gas.

Abstract: A film is formed on the surface of a soft metal portion (2) such that the film contains phosphorus and either platinum or palladium, and further, at least one element having homogeneous solubility with platinum or palladium, with the content of the phosphorus being in a range of about 15 to 25 atomic %, or contains boron and iron with the content of the boron being in a range of from about 15 to 25 atomic %. Thus, a soft metal is made up by turning the film into a hard layer (3) made of an amorphous alloy.

Abstract: Disclosed is a composite sliding material having a steel plate and a sintered copper alloy layer which is bonded to the steel plate. The copper alloy contains, 1.5 to 15 mass % Sn, 1.5 to 15 mass % Bi, 1.5 to 20 volume % of a solid lubricant, and balance of Cu and incidental impurities. The volume ratio of Bi to the solid lubricant is in a range of 0.5 to 2.0. Bi and the solid lubricant improves the copper alloy in sintering property, since Bi melts when sintering because of a low melting point resulting in improved sintering property, and the solid lubricant ensures good anti-seizure property, and deterioration of mechanical strength is prevented by virtue of a phenomenon that the solid lubricant is entrained in Bi.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for forming an article having a protective ceramic coating which reduces radiation heat transport through the ceramic coating. The protective ceramic coating includes one or more embedded reflective metallic layers for reducing the radiation heat transport. The method for forming the protective coating broadly comprises the steps of forming a ceramic coating on a substrate and embedding at least one reflective metallic layer within the ceramic coating.

Abstract: A welded steel pipe is formed by heating or soaking an untreated welded steel pipe having a steel composition containing, on the basis of mass percent: about 0.03% to about 0.2% C, about 2.0% or less of Si, not less than about 1.0% to about 1.5% Mn, about 0.1% or less of P, about 0.01% or less of S, about 1.0% or less of Cr, about 0.1% or less of Al, about 0.1% or less of Nb, about 0.1% or less of Ti, about 0.1% or less of V, and about 0.01% or less of N; and by reduction-rolling the treated steel pipe at a cumulative reduction rate of at least about 35% and a final rolling temperature of about 500° C. to about 900° C. The welded steel pipe exhibits excellent hydroformability, i.e., has a tensile strength of at least about 590 MPa and an n×r product of at least about 0.22. The treated steel pipe is preferably reduction-rolled at a cumulative reduction rate of at least about 20% below the Ar3 transformation point.

Abstract: An Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) includes as active material a conjugated poly(N-alkyl-2,7-carbazole) derivative described by the formula: 1

Abstract: The invention provides an organic EL device with improved luminous efficiency. The device has a structure comprising an inorganic non-degenerate semiconductor layer 12, an organic light-emitting layer 14 and a counter electrode 16 as formed in that order on a lower electrode 10, in which the inorganic non-degenerate semiconductor layer 12 is formed of an amorphous material of In—Zn—Al—O and its band gap energy is 2.9 eV.

Abstract: An organic luminescence device is constituted by a pair of an anode and a cathode, and at least one organic layer disposed between the anode and the cathode.

Abstract: A white electroluminescent polymer having a 3,3′-bicarbazyl group incorporated into a polymeric main chain of polyarylene, represented by the Formula 1: 1

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium, comprising: a substrate; an underlayer formed on the substrate; and a spinel-type iron oxide thin film comprising maghemite as a main component formed on the underlayer,

Abstract: In a thin film magnetic disk, a crystalline CrNi pre-seed layer is sputtered onto a substrate such as glass, followed by a RuAl seed layer. The CrNi pre-seed layer reduces grain size and its distribution, and improves in-plane crystallographic orientation, coercivity (Hc) and SNR. In a preferred embodiment the RuAl seed layer is followed by a Cr alloy underlayer. In a preferred embodiment the Cr alloy underlayer is followed by an onset layer and a magnetic layer, or by two or more magnetic layers antiferromagnetically coupled through one or more spacer layers. The crystalline CrNi pre-seed layer allows use of a thinner RuAl seed layer which results in smaller overall grain size, as well as a reduction in manufacturing cost due to relatively high cost of ruthenium. The CrNi pre-seed layer also allows use of a thinner Cr alloy underlayer which also contributes to reduce overall grain size.

Abstract: A thin film magnetic media structure with a pre-seed layer of CrTi is disclosed. The CrTi pre-seed layer presents an amorphous or nanocrystalline structure. The preferred seed layer is RuAl for use with the CrTi pre-seed layer. The use of the CrTi/RuAl bilayer structure provides superior adhesion to the substrate and resistance to scratching, as well as, excellent coercivity and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and reduced cost over the prior art. One embodiment of the invention sputter-deposits a CrTi pre-seed layer and a RuAl seed layer followed by at least one underlayer and at least one magnetic layer on a circumferentially polished substrate structure to achieve an Mrt orientation ratio greater than one. Two methods according to the invention allow the Mrt orientation ratio of the disk to be adjusted or maximized by varying the thickness of the RuAl seed layer and/or altering the atomic percentage of titanium in the pre-seed layer.

Abstract: A structure containing a ferroelectric material comprises a substrate such as silicon, a buffer layer formed on the substrate, and a non-c-axis-oriented, electrically-conductive template layer formed on the buffer layer. The template layer comprises a perovskite oxide compound. An epitaxially a-axis-oriented ferroelectric layer is formed on the template layer, and has a vector of spontaneous polarization oriented perpendicular or at least substantially perpendicular to the film normal.

Abstract: A new capping multilayer structure for EUV-reflective Mo/Si multilayers consists of two layers: A top layer that protects the multilayer structure from the environment and a bottom layer that acts as a diffusion barrier between the top layer and the structure beneath. One embodiment combines a first layer of Ru with a second layer of B4C. Another embodiment combines a first layer of Ru with a second layer of Mo. These embodiments have the additional advantage that the reflectivity is also enhanced. Ru has the best oxidation resistance of all materials investigated so far. B4C is an excellent barrier against silicide formation while the silicide layer formed at the Si boundary is well controlled.

Abstract: A body is at least partially coated with one or more refractory layers of which at least one layer is of a finegrained &kgr;-Al2O3. Said &kgr;-Al2O3 layer has equiaxed grains with an average grain size of <0.5 &mgr;m. The Al2O3 layer also has at least one sublayer containing Al, Si and O. The finegrained &kgr;-Al2O3 microstructure is obtained by periodically introducing a silicon halide, preferably SiCl4, during the Al2O3-process.

Abstract: A method of producing a ceramic multilayer substrate comprising the steps of:

Abstract: The trend in personal and light commercial transportation vehicle choices is heading toward electric or fuel cell vehicles capable of zero emission. Their demand for electricity to re-charge batteries or hydrogen to operate fuel cells can best be met by variable onsite production of electricity and hydrogen from conventional transportation fuel by an on-site energy supply system employing a conversion device. This approach can result in minimum changes in the present day infrastructure of the automobile and truck service station industry and can avoid any disturbances to the normal operation of the electric power industry. The onsite hydrogen/electricity hybrid conversion device is a reformer and/or a fuel cell. The output of the system can be varied to either meet the demand of hydrogen fuel for fuel cell vehicles or to provide electricity for charging batteries used on the electrical vehicles.

Abstract: A cogeneration fuel cell system and associated methods of operation are provided that accommodate a demand for heat as well as a demand for electric power. The system is operated among various modes to balance heat and power demand signals. In general, a fuel cell system is coupled to a power sink and a heat sink, and a controller is adapted to respond to data signals from the power sink and the heat sink. As examples, such data signals from the heat sink may include a temperature indication or a heat demand signal (such as from a thermostat), and such data signals from the power sink may include a voltage or current measurement, an electrical power demand signal, or an electrical load.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fuel cell operation method in which a fuel cell that generates power using hydrogen gas and oxidant gas as reaction gas is operated at an operating pressure that corresponds to a required power generation state. A hydrogen sensor that detects hydrogen density is provided in a vicinity of the fuel cell, and based on values detected by the hydrogen sensor and on the amount of hydrogen leakage at the current operating pressure and on the characteristics of the fuel cell 11, an operating pressure is predicted at which the hydrogen leakage amount from the fuel cell will not exceed a predetermined value, and the fuel cell is operated while limiting the operating pressure to below the predicted operating pressure.

Abstract: A feedstock mixing apparatus for fuel processing systems, and fuel processing and fuel cell systems incorporating the same. A fuel processing system according to the present invention includes one or more fuel processors adapted to produce a product hydrogen stream from a feed stream containing water and a carbon-containing feedstock. The fuel processing system further includes a feedstock delivery system adapted to mix the components of the feed stream at a determined mix ratio and to deliver this feed stream to the fuel processor(s). The fuel processing system may also include one or more fuel cell stacks that are adapted to produce an electric current from the product hydrogen stream produced by the fuel processing system. When the fuel processing system includes at least one fuel cell stack, it may be referred to as a fuel cell system.

Abstract: For the stabilization of the reaction, especially, for maintaining reaction temperature, the feedback control by the feedback unit is performed for to the supply of air (, oxygen, or oxidizing agent), whereas other materials are supplied by the open-loop control according to the instruction of the flow selection unit which indicates a preset value depending on the required hydrogen production volume. In addition, the continuous flow setting unit capable of changing the flow continuously is employed for the supply system of the air, whereas the flow control of the other materials is performed by use of the discrete flow setting units each of which provides the discretized flow by use of the on-off combination of two or more on-off valves.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fuel cell power supply device which can accurately determine a requested output current of a fuel cell depending on an electric energy requested by a load even if output current/voltage characteristics of the fuel cell change. A power supply management control unit 14 has an I-V characteristics estimating unit 52 for estimating output current/voltage characteristics (I-V characteristics) of a fuel cell by substituting a linear function (V=F(I)) in which a gradient indicates an internal resistance (Rfc) of the fuel cell and an interception of an axis representing a voltage (V) indicates an open-circuit voltage (Vfc_o) of the fuel cell calculated by a fuel cell open-circuit voltage calculator 51 for the I-V characteristics.

Abstract: A humidifying system for a fuel cell includes: a fuel cell having an anode and a cathode, the anode being supplied with a fuel gas and the cathode being supplied with an oxidant gas so that the fuel gas and the oxidant gas chemically react within the fuel cell to generate electricity; a first humidifier transferring moisture of cathode exhaust gas discharged from the cathode of the fuel cell to the fuel gas through hollow fiber membranes; a second humidifier transferring moisture of cathode exhaust gas discharged from the first humidifier to the oxidant gas through hollow fiber membranes; and a reduced pressure generating device arranged downstream of the first humidifier and between the first humidifier and the fuel cell to mix part of anode exhaust gas discharged from the anode of the fuel cell with the fuel gas using negative pressure resulting from a flow of the fuel gas.

Abstract: A solid acid material is used as a proton conducting membrane in an electrochemical device. The solid acid material can be one of a plurality of different kinds of materials. A binder can be added, and that binder can be either a nonconducting or a conducting binder. Nonconducting binders can be, for example, a polymer or a glass. A conducting binder enables the device to be both proton conducting and electron conducting.

Abstract: Methods are provided to make acid functional fluoropolymers by: a) dehydrofluorinating a starting fluoropolymer with a dehydrofluorinating agent to form an unsaturated fluoropolymer; b) adding an acidifiable nucleophilic functionalizing agent to a double bond of the unsaturated fluoropolymer; and c) acidifying the added acidifiable function. Acid functional fluoropolymers and ion conducting membranes thereof are also provided, including acid functional fluoropolymer having pendent groups according to the formula: —X—Ar—An, wherein X is selected from O, S or NR, where R is selected from H and C1-C30 alkyl or aryl, which are optionally substituted, wherein Ar is a C6-C30 aromatic group, which is optionally substituted, wherein A is an acidic function or salt thereof, wherein a can be independently chosen to be 1, 2 or 3.

Abstract: A fuel cell is used to create pressure by reverse biasing the fuel cell. A voltage is applied across the fuel cell to change the liquid near the fuel cell into gas, and expand its volume. The volume expansion is used for work function, either to expand a housing or move a piston or the like. By removing the voltage, the fuel cell can regenerate by absorbing the gas to again create energy, thereby retracting the volume expansion. In an embodiment, water may be the electrolyte which is electrolyzed to form hydrogen and oxygen gas, and then recombined into water.

Abstract: A fuel delivery system for a liquid fuel cell particularly useful for portable electronic devices includes (a) a container defining a volume for holding a liquid fuel; (b) a reservoir structure positioned within the volume and into which at least a portion of the liquid fuel wicks and from which said liquid fuel subsequently may be metered, such as by pumping. The reservoir structure is formed from a material with a free rise wick height greater than at least one half of the longest dimension of the reservoir structure. Among materials with such wicking capability are foams, bundled fibers and nonwoven fibers, including particularly felted and unfelted reticulated polyurethane foams. The container may have a generally flat and thin profile, formed as a pouch or envelope with substantially planar top and bottom faces of flexible film material, such that the container holding the reservoir structure and filled with liquid fuel can be bent or shaped.

Abstract: A manifold for a fuel cell system comprises a plurality of first ports for connecting to fuel cell peripherals; a plurality of ports for connecting to a fuel cell stack; and a plurality of fluid passages within the manifold in communication with the said plurality of ports connecting to the fuel cell peripherals and with the first and second ports for providing, communication of fluids between the fuel cell stack and fuel cell peripherals. The manifold provides a higher degree of system integration, considerably reduced piping, fittings and associated hardware and hence generally reduces the size and weight of the fuel cell system. Thermal-fluid related system losses are also minimized.

Abstract: Fluid diffusion layers, as well as methods and compositions for making such fluid diffusion layers, include a loading material comprising both carbon black and graphite particles in a weight ratio of less than about 50:50. The fluid diffusion layers have favorable mechanical and electrical properties, such as air flow and through-plane resistance.

Abstract: The invention relates to a fuel cell (1) having two electrodes (2) and an ion exchanger membrane (6), where the electrodes (2) are each provided with an electrocatalytic layer (4) and at least one gas channel for a reaction gas (7). The fuel cell has at least one additive which prevents the formation of peroxides and/or destroys peroxides. The invention furthermore relates to the use of at least one additive in or on electrodes (2) of a fuel cell (1) having an ion exchanger membrane (6), where the electrodes (2) are each provided with an electrocatalytic layer (4) and at least one gas channel for a reaction gas (7). The at least one additive serves for the prevention of the formation and/or for the destruction of peroxides on or in the electrodes (2).

Abstract: An improved noble metal alloy composition for a fuel cell catalyst, the alloy containing platinum, ruthenium, and nickel. The alloy shows methanol oxidation activity.

Abstract: A process for producing a membrane-electrode assembly for solid polymer electrolyte fuel cells, which comprises bonding electrodes having a catalyst layer containing a catalyst as a cathode and an anode onto both sides of a cation exchange membrane as a solid polymer electrolyte membrane, wherein the cation exchange membrane is formed from a dispersion having a fluorinated polymer having sulfonic acid groups as an ion exchange polymer and a fibrilliform fluorocarbon polymer dispersed in a dispersion medium.

Abstract: An electrocatalyst based on a highly electroconducting polymer and a transition metal, in which transition metal atoms are covalently bonded to heteroatoms of the backbone monomers of the polymer. The covalently bonded transition metal atoms are nucleation sites for catalytically active transition metal particles. The complex is prepared by complexing a highly electroconducting polymer with transition metal coordination ions and then reducing the transition metal ions to neutral atoms. An electrode for a fuel cell is made by impregnating an electrically conducting sheet with the catalytic complex and drying the impregnated sheet. A fuel cell with a liquid anolyte uses the electrode as its cathode. The anolyte includes an aqueous solution of conjugate polybasic acids buffer, such as H3PO4—NaH2PO4—Na2HPO4, and an alcohol such as methanol as a reductant.

Abstract: A polymer electrolyte fuel cell comprising a cell having a solid polymer film separators disposed on both sides of the cell so as to interpose the cell therebetween, and diffusion layers disposed between the cell and the separators and each having a substrate comprising an electrically conductive porous material and a slurry layer disposed on the substrate, wherein at least a part of each diffusion layer is provided with a gas barrier for preventing the permeation of gas in a direction parallel to the major surface of the diffusion layer.

Abstract: A method for recycling a battery pack is provided that enables a degraded battery pack to be replaced at a low cost while maintaining the advantages of a conventional sealed-type nickel-metal hydride secondary battery as being free from maintenance or leak of an electrolyte. The battery pack accommodates a battery module having a plurality of cells, which are a sealed-type nickel-metal hydride secondary battery, combined with each other. When the battery pack is judged as being degraded in a market, the battery pack is collected from the market as a battery to be replaced; a cell or battery module judged as being degraded is renewed by adding an electrolyte thereto; the battery module is installed in the battery pack again; and the battery pack is supplied as a replacement battery.

Abstract: A method and system for accurately reporting battery capacity is disclosed herein. The disclosed method and system prevent the reporting of discontinuous capacity values resulting from starting or stopping recharge cycles. The disclosed method and system prevent over or under reporting of battery capacity due to the transition between charge and discharge curves in a battery model.

Abstract: A leak detection system for a flowing electrolyte battery comprising a containment member associated with at least one of a stack of a flowing electrolyte battery and an electrolyte reservoir of a flowing electrolyte battery and a sensing member for sensing a fluid leak within the containment member.

Abstract: A leak detection system for a flowing electrolyte battery comprises a manifold leak containment member associated with at least one manifold which provides flowing electrolyte to at least one stack of a flowing electrolyte battery and a provision for sensing a fluid leak within the at least one manifold leak containment member.

Abstract: A battery system of the present invention includes one or more cell groups, each having a positive electrode, a negative electrode and a solid electrolyte layer, and one or more heat mediating structures adjacent to the cell groups. The cell groups and the heat mediating structures are alternately stacked. A solid electrolyte is applied to the electrolyte layer. The respective cell groups have a thin plate shape, and adjacent thereto, the heat mediating structures are provided.