Abstract: A method of optimising the operation of a cellular radio communication system in which the demands made by users of the system are monitored and resources are allocated to the users accordingly.

Abstract: A radio telephone for communicating in a spreadspectrum communication system having a plurality of radio channels of different frequencies; the radio telephone comprising communication means for establishing over one of said radio channels a communication link over which is communicated data and associated error correction data; a receiver operable to alternatively receive for a period a radio channel other than the established channel and processing means for measuring the radio signal characteristics of the other channel; the processing means being operable to use error correction data received over the established communication link to calculate the contents of the established communication link data of the radio channel signal during the period.

Abstract: A receiving apparatus is used in a mobile communication system transmits and receives spread spectrum signals between a base station and a mobile station, in which the timing detection region of a spread spectrum signal is set in accordance with the intermittent receiving period. If it is difficult for the mobile station to establish synchronization with the base station over a long intermittent receiving period due to errors accumulated in the oscillator of the mobile station, the window serving as the search area is expanded. Accordingly, the capability of detecting the timing is increased, and errors of the oscillator are compensated. Thus a, re-synchronizing operation and intermittent receiving operation are reliably performed. As a consequence, even by the use of a low-precision and simple-structured oscillator in the mobile station, a low-powered receiving apparatus in which an intermittent receiving operation having a longer period is provided.

Abstract: A back haul architecture enables efficient primary transfer (i.e., transfer of the designation of primary base station from one base station to another). A frame selection/distribution (FSD) function queues packets of forward-link data—to which sequence numbers have been assigned—for packet-mode transmission over the back haul only to one base station—the current primary base station—where the packets are again queued for over-the-air transmission to the mobile unit. If and when it becomes appropriate to transfer the designation of primary base station to another base station, there may still be packets of data queued at the old primary base station awaiting transmission to the mobile unit. The old primary base station sends a message to the new primary base station indicating a particular sequence number that identifies the remaining packets of forward-link data queued at the old primary base station.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for data transmission in two-way communication via low-voltage systems that are linked to a higher order telecommunication network. Data transmission takes place within the low-voltage system at a high-frequency range of up to 30 MHz using band spreading of data signals and a transmit level below the specified radio interference or noise voltage limit, in that said band-spread data is given a direction coding to specify a logical direction within the low-voltage system using different sequences of a family of pseudo-random numbers to enable multiple-user operation, and in that the binary sequences of data with their user-specific spreading and direction-specific coding are identified by correlation using specified sequences at attenuation-dependent intervals within the low-voltage system, then said data sequences are regenerated and assigned new direction codes for forwarding.

Abstract: Spreading sections 104 and 105 of the base station spread the respective distributed data using mutually orthogonal spreading codes and they are transmitted from antennas 106 and 107. Despreading sections 202 and 203 of the mobile station despread the received signals using the same spreading codes as those used at the base station, demodulation sections 204 and 205 demodulate the despread signals, received signal power measuring sections 207 and 208 measure their received signal powers from the demodulation result, received signal power measuring section 209 combines the measured received signal powers and transmit power control section 212 controls transmission power based on the combined received signal power. When carrying out diversity reception through a plurality of antennas at the base station, this suppresses transmit power control errors to a small level at the mobile station.

Abstract: The present invention is an apparatus and a method for sharing a communication channel among two or more base stations connected to a base station controller via a common transmission line in a channelized format. The present invention allows each of the base stations to receive data transmitted over a shared communication channel from the base station controller, to determine whether the data transmitted from the base station controller is intended for that base station, and to insert its data into the communication channel without interfering with data transmitted by other base stations over the communication channel. In one embodiment, each of the base stations is configured to bridge onto the transmission facility such that signaling messages being transmitted over a signaling channel may be received by all of the base stations. The signaling messages has associated identifiers for specifying particular base stations to which the signaling messages are intended.

Abstract: In a mobile communication system using a code division multiple access (CDMA) method, spreading code detection and frame/slot timing synchronization (cell search) is conducted by using a long code masked symbol. The spreading factor of the long code masked symbol is set to a value lower than spreading factors of other ordinary symbols. As a result, it becomes possible to reduce the circuit scale and power dissipation of the mobile terminal and raise the speed of cell search.

Abstract: Voice and media services are provided over an IP network incorporating a plurality of nodes and in which connection oriented traffic is transported in tunnels via said nodes. SS7 signalling is provided between nodes. The voice and media components are multiplexed to form a point to point protocol (PPP) session which is switched end to end across the network under the control of the signalling.

Abstract: An ISDN primary rate interface circuit having a plurality of communication channels, includes a channel division controller. According to predetermined conditions, the channel division controller selects a communication channel out of the plurality of communication channels when generating or receiving a call. The channel division controller provides private branch exchange by enabling allocation of the selected communication channel to an extension group according to a predetermined condition when generating or receiving the call.

Abstract: A switching system for switching data with rate conversion between a high speed bus and a low speed bus, comprising a double-buffered data memory having a read-only port and a write-only port, a plurality of registers and selectors for receiving and storing successive frames of data from one of either the high speed bus or low speed bus into the data memory via one of the write-only port or said read-only port, respectively; and a connection memory containing a plurality of entries each having a first bit indicating channel ON/OFF status, an additional plurality of bits identifying connection addresses for the received frames of data; and a further plurality of index bits for addressing and reading the data memory via the other one of the write-only port or read-only port in the event the first bit is set and thereafter outputting the data to the other one of the high speed bus or low speed bus.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of controlling a call between nodes in a distributed node exchange network having interconnections of plural exchanges, wherein a distributed node has a channel switch, a subscriber circuit, a trunk circuit accommodating local lines and private lines and a processor for controlling a call of the nodes. In a case of connections between the nodes, the node call control processor accommodating call extension lines and the other node call control processor accommodating receiving extension line in correspondence to the call extension lines carry out distributed processings of the call control for providing substantially the same connection services as the interconnection in the node.

Abstract: A crosspoint switch includes a large number of ports and a separate pass transistor linking each possible pair of ports. When a pass transistor is turned on or off, it makes or breaks a signal path between the pair of ports it links. Each port can process signals passing through the port in any one of several operating modes, with a current operating mode being selected by input mode control data. The crosspoint switch also includes a random access memory (RAM) having a separate addressable storage location corresponding to each port. Each RAM storage location stores routing data for controlling the pass transistors connected to a corresponding port and also stores mode control data controlling the mode of the corresponding port. A memory controller responds to a parallel command from a host computer by concurrently writing routing and mode control data to two storage location of the RAM, thereby quickly making and/or breaking a signal path between two ports and selecting the operating mode of both ports.

Abstract: An improved method and system for transmitting a stream of data bytes through a channel whose capacity may change during transmission. By utilization of selective regions of sequence number space, the enhanced radio link protocol (RLP) provides the benefits of large byte sequence numbers while transmitting a fraction of the sequence number bits in the majority of over-the-air frames. Frame header sequence numbers are shortened by dividing the byte sequence number by a page size, and by performing a modulo function on the byte sequence number.

Abstract: An arbitration system used with digital switching apparatus for coupling with a plurality of data signal sources, includes a plurality of bus slave arbitration systems in a one-to-one relationship with the data signal sources, a switch core assembly includes a shared bus subsystem having an arbitration control bus, a processor control bus with a plurality of shared cell buses is operatively connected to a bus master arbitration subsystem that arbitrates between a respective one of the data signal sources and the switch core assembly.

Abstract: An ATM switch that can be expanded to form a large scale ATM switch with minimal hardware additions. The ATM switch includes a plurality of ATM switch units arranged in parallel, a plurality of cell distributors arranged on the input side of the ATM switch units, and a plurality of cell assemblers arranged on the output side of the ATM switch units. Each of the cell distributors distributes ATM cells received from a plurality of incoming highways to a buffer memory having a plurality of queues corresponding to the output ports of the ATM switch units, namely destinations of the ATM cells, and stores the ATM cells to the queues in the buffer memory. Each cell distributor reads ATM cells having the same destination information, and outputs such ATM cells to respective ones of the ATM switch units in parallel. Each of the ATM switch units independently exchanges the received ATM cell in parallel with the other ATM switch units.

Abstract: A LAN Adapter device having a frequency domain equalizer. The LAN adapter device allows LAN computing devices to connect to the LAN medium. The adapter devices are internal or external to the LAN devices and provide a transceiver and protocol stacks for the LAN devices to communicate with each other. The physical layer of the transceivers includes transmitter having a DMT modulator and demodulator that is dynamically configurable with respect to data rate and spectrum usage. Within the receiver is an equalizer for equalizing the received signal with a simple yet effective equalizer training method, thereby obviating the need for extensive equalizer training and long-term coefficient storage. The equalizer trains on known symbols transmitted in one frame of a transmitted packet to determine an estimate of the channel response.

Abstract: Data transmission system comprising a single transmitter and a plurality of receivers and in which the transmitter sends a group Gi of data items to the plurality of receivers over a one-way channel, wherein each data item to be transmitted is divided in blocks which are encapsulated to form datagrams, each datagram including a block sequence number, a data item identifier, a timestamp reflecting the age of the data item, and a group directory GD is regularly sent by the transmitter) to each one of the plurality of receivers, the group directory containing information for all groups Gi of data items being sent enabling each one of the plurality of receivers to select the group of data items it wants to receive.

Abstract: A slot assignment technique for assigning slots to a video communiction source in a slotted communication channel entails, in embodiments, using a slot from the channel to issue a coded request message containing a bit pattern indicative of a number of other slots that the video communication source requires for transmitting video information. At the receiver, the number of slots that the video communication source requires for transmitting video information is identified from the coded request via a lookup table. The requiste number of slots in the communication channel can then be allocated to the video commuinication source to transmit the video information. The bit pattern indicative of the number of slots that the video communication source requires generally comprises less data than would an uncoded request for the same number of slots. In this way, request limitations imposed by request slot size may be overcome.

Abstract: An integrated services digital network (ISDN) terminal adapter comprises: a terminal adapter board within a personal computer (PC), the terminal adapter (TA) board including a digital signal processor (DSP) for carrying out modulation-demodulation of a modem and data processing for ISDN and a dial access arrangement (DAA) utilizing DSP as a modem function; and a digital service unit (DSU) outside the PC, employing a plurality of analog port interfaces and a plurality of S/T interfaces, the analog port interface and the S/T interface being connected to the TA board and, in addition, performing interfacing with the U point of an ISDN circuit, where various functions of the DSU analog port interface re controlled by a tone generation function of the TA board through a telephony application interface (TAPI) between a communication application and an operating system (OS).

Abstract: Techniques for routing messages to addressable portions (e.g., processes) within an apparatus are disclosed. The techniques can be performed by a variety of apparatus including, for example, a gateway, a proxy server or a mobile device. After receiving the messages routed thereto, the addressable portions are able to process the messages and perhaps return a reply message. Often, the apparatus is a gateway or proxy server coupled between a network containing remote computers storing information and a wireless communication system including a plurality of mobile devices. The processing of the message will typically act to produce a message that forwards certain of the information from one or more of the remote computers on the network to a mobile device coupled to the wireless communication system.

Abstract: This invention relates w a method of data transfer via a radio telephone network between a LAN (1) and a Mobile Station and to a data interface unit that applies the method. According to the method the LAN's data packets are formed, and the RLP control is stripped away from them, in the LAN-controller that is permanent connected to it; the data is packed into date packets in accordance with a data communications protocol and the data communications data packets are inserted into data frames of the radio telephone network when the data is transferred between the radio telephone units. The data interface unit (15) according to the invention is connected to a LAN-controller (14) on the side of the LAN (1).

Abstract: A novel method of operating physical layer devices in a local area network, such as one conforming to Ethernet protocol, in which there are a plurality of repeaters of respectively different data rates for communicating with a link partner on a network medium via the physical layer devices. Each physical layer device is prevented from communicating with the repeaters, when a change in the operating speed of the physical layer device is detected. Then, status information of the physical layer device is determined, and the physical layer device is enabled to communicate with a selected one of the repeaters having a data rate conforming to the operating rate of the physical layer device. In a preferred embodiment, each physical layer device has a variable operating speed selected depending on the operating speed of the link partner. A plurality of busses corresponding, respectively, to the speeds of operation of the repeaters, are provided for interconnecting the repeaters and the physical layer devices.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus and a method which facilitate a flexible management of data packets in a Time Division Multiplexed System for data communication. The present invention also provides an apparatus which can rapidly be adapted to evolving communication protocols, and as such provide short time-to-markets for new and/or enhanced apparatuses. Consequently, the present invention is capable of rapidly providing comparable e.g. cable modem to the market in response to revisions of existing communication protocols and to development of new communication protocols.

Abstract: A laser for delivering laser radiation at a selected one of a plurality of equally-spaced frequencies extending over a frequency range includes a laser resonator defined by two end mirrors. The resonator includes a surface-emitting semiconductor multilayer gain-structure in optical contact with one of the mirrors. A third mirror located in the laser resonator forms an etalon with that mirror. The third mirror is movable for adjusting a peak transmission frequency of the etalon to align with the selected frequency. The resonator end mirrors are spaced apart by an optical distance selected such that the frequency and frequency-spacing of possible longitudinal lasing modes of the resonator correspond with the plurality of equally-spaced frequencies. When the peak transmission frequency of the etalon is aligned with the selected frequency the laser resonator delivers radiation in a single longitudinal mode at the selected frequency.

Abstract: An optical device structure includes a first substrate structure and a second substrate structure. The first substrate structure includes a first substrate, at least an active region formed on the first substrate, and at least a first electric connector portion provided corresponding to the active region for injecting a current into or applying a voltage to the active region. The second substrate structure includes a second substrate, and at least a second electric connector portion formed on the second substrate corresponding to the first electric connector portion. The first and second substrates are bonded to each other using an anisotropic electrically-conductive adhesive containing electrically-conductive particles and having an elctrically-conductive characteristic only in a direction perpendicular to the first and second substrates, such that the corresponding first and second electric connector portions on the first and second substrates are electrically connected to each other.

Abstract: A vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser device (VCSEL) comprises a plurality of VCSEL elements arranged on a common substrate, each VCSEL element comprising first mirror means and second mirror means, each having a predefined reflectivity at a predetermined wavelength, for forming an optical resonator for said wavelength, and a laser active region disposed between said first and second mirror means. In addition, the VCSEL device comprises a grid layer having a plurality of openings corresponding to the respective VCSEL elements and a contact layer having a predetermined thickness, said contact layer being interposed between each of said first mirror means and said grid layer, wherein an optical thickness of said contact layer and a reflectivity and an absorption of said grid layer is selected so as to provide an effective reflectivity of each of said first mirror means depending on said grid layer and being different for areas covered by the grid and areas corresponding to said grid openings.

Abstract: The amount of pre-ionization by the pre-ionization electrode provided on the gas outflow side of the main discharge space, out of at least one pair of pre-ionization electrodes, is adjusted so as to attain the desired beam profile. As a result, the pre-ionization intensity of the laser gas remaining on the gas outflow side of the main discharge space is made lower than the pre-ionization intensity of the laser gas flowing into the main discharge space. In other words, the intensity of the laser light on the gas outflow side of the main discharge space is made weaker than the intensity of the laser light in the center of the main discharge space. Accordingly, the location of the maximum light intensity of the beam profile does not deviate from the center of the discharge width.

Abstract: Multiwavelength laser source transmitting a luminous flux including as many amplifier wave-guides as potential transmission wavelengths, a collimation optic system for collimating the beams transmitted by the wave-guides, a network and a retroreflector making up the network, a dispersive retroreflecting device that defines with each wave-guide, an external resonating cavity, whereas each wave-guide has an inner face and an outer face with respect to its associated cavity. A Fabry-Perot interferometer with reduced fine adjustment is placed in the cavity between the collimation optic system and the network, whereby the interferometer is tilted with respect to the axis of the cavity and forms a little selective filter, whose variation law of the wavelength transmitted in relation to the angle of incidence is identical with that of the dispersive retroreflecting device.

Abstract: An induction heating furnace includes a furnace body having a side wall extending so obliquely as to increase in radius from the bottom to the top edge portion and formed by a plurality of longitudinally split, conductive segments arrayed circumferentially and insulated from each other, a first induction heating coil arranged at an outer periphery of the side wall for subjecting a to-be-heated material accommodated in the furnace body to induction heating and a melt-use power source for supplying AC power to the first induction heating coil.

Abstract: An induction heating furnace includes a furnace body having a side wall extending so obliquely as to increase in radius from the bottom to the top edge portion and formed by a plurality of longitudinally split, conductive segments arrayed circumferentially and insulated from each other, a first induction heating coil arranged at an outer periphery of the side wall for subjecting a to-be-heated material accommodated in the furnace body to induction heating and a melt-use power source for supplying AC power to the first induction heating coil.

Abstract: The present invention is a communication system and method having a base station for communication with multiple remote units. The system comprises a base station which utilizes a plurality of sets of frequencies for selectively communicating with remote units in a predefined coverage area. The coverage area is divided into N concentric regions, where each concentric region is assigned one of the plurality of frequency sets such that for any given concentric region a different frequency set is assigned than the frequency sets assigned to all other adjacent concentric regions. The base station includes a means for communicating data to a remote unit over the set of frequencies associated with the respective concentric region as the remote unit travels from one concentric region to another.

Abstract: A code-division-multiple-access (CDMA) system provides a collision avoidance mechanism for packet communications. When mobile stations attempt to establish links with a base station, the base station selects one mobile station to transmit data over an intended uplink channel. The base station transmits a predetermined sequence, during the first frame of the data transmission over the downlink control channel that corresponds to the intended uplink channel. If several mobile stations detect or mis-perceive successful access attempts, those stations begin data transmissions via respective desired uplink channels. At the same time, the mobile stations listen for the known sequence over the various corresponding downlink channels. Upon successful detection of the known sequence, one mobile station continues transmission of its data over the intended channel. However, any contending mobile station that does not detect the known sequence on the appropriate downlink channel immediately stops its data transmission.

Abstract: A receiving apparatus comprises a receiver receiving signals via multiple propagation paths having different propagation delays and converting the signals to digital samples for processing. A channel estimator is operatively coupled to the receiver for correlating periodically selected groups of the digital samples corresponding to known symbols and periodically producing numerical estimates related to amplitudes and phases of the delayed propagation paths. A filter system filters the numerical estimates using filters periodically adapted to center frequencies of variations of the numerical estimates. A data decoder is operatively coupled to the receiver and the filter system for decoding data using the filtered estimates and the digital data.

Abstract: In a CDMA receiver for receiving a signal containing data that has been spread by a predetermined spreading code sequence, calculating a correlation value between a reference code sequence and a spread data sequence obtained by sampling the received signal at a predetermined sampling rate, and adopting, as despread start timing, the timing at which the correlation value is maximized, a reception-state detector detects the state of reception, a sampling controller decides sampling rate in conformity with the state of reception, a correlator calculates a correlation between a reference code sequence and a spread data sequence, which is obtained by sampling a received signal at the above-mentioned sampling rate, and a timing detector obtains the despread start timing at which the correlation value is maximized.

Abstract: An apparatus for performance improvement of a digital wireless receiver, having a plurality of signals, has a processing circuit and a weight generation circuit. The processing circuit provides a processed signal, wherein a plurality of weights is applied to a plurality of signals producing a plurality of weighted signals and the plurality of weighted signals are combined to provide the processed signal. In the weight generation circuit the plurality of weights are generated as a function of a conjugate of channel estimate of a corresponding signal of the plurality of signals and a variance of the corresponding signal. A method implementing the present invention is also described.

Abstract: A baseband spread modulation signal is input to a matched filter (131). The matched filter (131) despreads the spread modulation signal using the output of a spreading code replica generator (132). The matched filter (131) outputs the despread signals at L timings. The output signals are multiplied by multipliers (201) by corresponding weighting factors output from a weighting factor controller. The multiplied outputs are demodulated by demodulators (202), and RAKE combined by an adder (118). A data decision section (203) generates from the RAKE combined signal a data decision signal. An error signal generating section (204), receiving the RAKE combined output and the data decision signal, obtains an error signal.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for asymmetric digital subscriber loops.

Abstract: A portable data carrier includes a radio frequency (RF) receiving circuit tuned to receive power signals on a carrier frequency, fc. The portable data carrier further includes a processor that uses a clock signal for operation thereof. A method of recovering the clock signal includes the steps of receiving timing information on a first sub-carrier frequency, fs1, that is offset from fc by a predetermined frequency. The timing information is then demodulated and the clock signal is extracted therefrom.

Abstract: A system and method are disclosed for transmitting data over multiple twisted pairs and receiving the data at a single receiver. In one embodiment, data is transmitted over an additional channel existing as the difference between the average voltages of two twisted pairs.

Abstract: A mechanism that captures and reports interrupt events occurred in various portions of a network interface controller. As different clocks control these interface controller portions, the interrupt request signals corresponding to the interrupt events are created in different clock domains. The first stage of the mechanism for capturing and reporting interrupt events detects interrupt events having different duration, and produces an interrupt synchronizing signal asserted during at least one period of a local clock signal. The second stage serves as a positive edge detector to produce an interrupt positive edge detect signal asserted during three clock periods. The third stage supports a read operation performed by a host signal corresponding to the detected interrupt event to read an interrupt request.

Abstract: A cordless modem system where a mobile station unit (MSU) is located in the computer and a base station unit (BSU) is connected to the telephone line. A radio frequency (RF) link is developed between the two units to allow a cordless connection. A series of commands are used between the two units to allow the MSU to request a channel, the BSU to grant a channel, the BSU to notify of a ring, and the MSU to request the BSU to go off hook. In addition, there is preferably a command sequence to allow authorization of a particular MSU or BSU. There are two full duplex channels in each MSU and BSU. This allows multiple BSUs and MSUs to be utilized in a small area. Communications between the two units are secure based on address values for each unit contained in the various commands. The communications software utilized in the computer is not even aware of the presence of the cordless connection.

Abstract: The invention intends to decode and reproduce digital audio signals in real time. A transmission rate of a transmission line is detected, and a selection instructing unit instructs, to an encoding selecting circuit, a coding method which can provide coded data having a bit rate corresponding to the detected transmission rate. In response to the instruction from the selection instructing unit, the encoding selecting circuit controls a switch so as to select one of a plurality of encoders for encoding an audio signal with different coding methods. Each frame of the audio signal cut out by a frame cutting circuit is supplied to the encoder selected by the switch for encoding thereof. Resulting coded data is outputted after an ID representing the instructed coding method has been added to the coded data in a header inserting circuit.

Abstract: A bus control circuit of the present invention, which is connected to a request source through a bus, includes a first element which detects a fault of one part of the bus when data is sent through all parts of the bus and a second element which outputs a signal showing that it is impossible to send data through all parts of the bus to the request source when the first element detects the fault. A bus control system of the present invention has a host device, a control circuit, and a bus which connects the host device and the control circuit and includes a first part and a second part. The system includes a first element which is provided in the control circuit and detects a fault of the first part when the host device sends data through the first and second parts. A second element is provided in the control circuit and outputs a signal showing that it is impossible to send data through the first and second parts to the host device.

Abstract: The invention proposes a digital filter adapted to transform an input digital signal into two output digital signals. The input digital signal includes input samples (xi). The first output digital signal includes output samples (y2i+1) of odd ranking, each equal to the input sample (x2i) of the same ranking decreased by the approximate value of a sum of input samples of even ranking respectively multiplied by first filtering coefficients (pk). The second output digital signal includes output samples (y2i) of even ranking, each equal to the input sample (x2i) of the same ranking decreased by the approximate value of a sum of output samples of odd ranking respectively multiplied by second filtering coefficients (uk). The second filtering coefficients (uk) are chosen from all the following sets of coefficients: (5/16, 5/16), (−1/16, 5/16, 5/16, −1/16) and (1/256, −15/256, 78/256, 78/256, −15/256, 1/256).

Abstract: An efficient digital video (DV) decoder process that utilizes a specially constructed quantization matrix allowing an inverse quantization subprocess to perform parallel computations, e.g., using SIMD processing, to efficiently produce a matrix of DCT coefficients. The present invention utilizes a first look-up table (for 8×8 DCT) which produces a 15-valued quantization scale based on class number information and a QNO number for an 8×8 data block (“data matrix”) from an input encoded digital bit stream to be decoded. The 8×8 data block is produced from a deframing and variable length decoding subprocess. An individual 8-valued segment of the 15-value output array is multiplied by an individual 8-valued segment, e.g., “a row,” of the 8×8 data matrix to produce an individual row of the 8×8 matrix of DCT coefficients (“DCT matrix”).

Abstract: A video signal processing apparatus and a video signal processing method can switch resolution effectively and efficiently. The video signals coming from an imaging apparatus is converted into digital signals by an A/D converter 2 an compressed by a compressor 3. The compressed video signals are written into a recording medium 5 by means of a write device 4. The compressor 3 encodes the video signals for each group of pictures comprising a plurality of pictures and the camera compression control unit 6 controls the compressor 3 so as encode the pictures of a first group of pictures and those of a second group of pictures arranged temporally adjacent to the first group of pictures, while maintaining the number of pictures of two temporally adjacent groups of pictures that contain a resolution change point of video signals to a constant value, and change the resolution of the pictures of the two groups of pictures.

Abstract: A video signal coding method is provided which finds proper decision curves according to characteristics of input frames and encodes the optimal macroblock by using the decision curves instead of a fixed motion/no-motion compensation curve and intra/inter coding curve. The optimal mode is selected for each macroblock of input frame and it is determined through a step of judging whether the input frame is intra mode using a given function, a step of judging whether the input frame is inter mode when it is not intra mode using a given function, a step of controlling quantizer using a predetermined critical value when it is not inter mode, and step of performing skip when the quantizer controlling step is not carried out.

Abstract: This invention relates to a system for compression of video sequences that is using motion compensated prediction. The key part of such system is motion vector field coding. The goal of motion vector field coding is to minimize the number of bits necessary for representation of the motion vector field while retaining at the same time very low prediction error. This invention discloses new matrix operations in the motion analyzer of the motion field coder.

Abstract: In a MPEG or other video system, regions of each frame may be independently coded for later, independent extraction directly from a compressed bit stream. An encoder/transcoder receives raw video, standard compressed video or compressed video already having independently coded regions (“ICRs”) that are to be edited in some manner. A resultant signal may be used downstream for logo insertion or other video editing or processing without having to completely decode the entirety of each frame of a video sequence; rather, only those portions upon which editing or processing is to be performed are decoded. Once modified, substitute data may be inserted back into the compressed bit stream to take the place of decoded, edited data.