Abstract: A studless tire which is provided in the tread portion with one or more circumferential portions provided with V-shaped sipes, the total width of the one or more circumferential portions is in a range of from 10 to 25% of the tread width, each V-shaped sipe is composed of two parts extending from its vertex located in a central region of the circumferential portion, and the V-shaped sipes in each circumferential portion are oriented towards the same direction and arranged at intervals in the tire circumferential direction.

Abstract: The present invention provides an accessory for a flap for use with an inner tube and wheel, comprising a base of oblong shape whose upper face is provided with a rigid insert in the form of a hollow cylinder, said accessory being made by molding a single material that resists creep up to a temperature of 180° C., to prevent the flap creeping through an orifice in the wheel.

Abstract: The pneumatic tire has a single carcass ply reinforced with parallel metallic cords, each cord composed of at least one filament having a tensile strength of at least (−2000×D+4400 MPa)×95%, where D is the filament diameter in millimeters. The turnup portion of the single carcass ply 12 in the bead portion of a pneumatic tire is interposed between the bead core 11 and a toe guard 18, and the radially outer edge of each turnup portion being in contact with the main portion of the carcass ply and extending to an end point 0.5 to 4.0 inches (12.7 to 101.6 mm) radially outward of the bead core as measured along the main portion of the carcass ply of the tire. A toe guard 18 associated with each bead core 11 has a first and second end and each end is disposed directly adjacent to the carcass ply. The first end 18a of the toe guard is located on the axially inner side of the main portion of the carcass ply at a location about 0.4 to 3.

Abstract: A particle cassette for a needleless syringe is provided, the manufacture of which avoids the potentially detrimental use of heat when affixing a final membrane to the cassette or otherwise sealing the cassette after a filling procedure has been carried out. The particle cassette is assembled using first and second cassette parts that are attachable together so as to create a chamber for the confinement of particles between two membranes. A third cassette part may be used to provide for a locking attachment of the first and second parts. A kit of parts for use in the manufacture of a particle cassette is also provided, as is a method of assembling a particle cassette. In certain cassette embodiments, one or both of the first and second cassette parts can be annular, tapered and/or have detents or recesses to provide for a snap fit.

Abstract: The present invention overcomes the shortcomings of the foregoing prior art devices and meets the foregoing needs by providing an apparatus and method for accurately sealing a multi-purpose reclosable zipper strip to a web of flexible film in an airtight manner. Moreover, the inventive apparatus and method is capable of repeatedly performing the steps necessary to seal tape to web with high throughout and with low cycle times. Generally, the apparatus and method utilizes a zipper tape having airtight splotch seals fused in series along desired lengths of the zipper tape. The zipper tape is dispensed through a feeding mechanism and, when an optical sensor detects one of the splotch seal portions of the zipper tape, a desired length of zipper tape is advanced over an elevator platform. A knife is then signaled to descend and sever the advanced portion of zipper tape, which is thus deposited onto the elevator platform.

Abstract: A releasable bonding system especially suited for releasably bonding impermeable floor coverings (6) such as vinyl and linoleum in tile and sheet form to a floor surface (5). On preparing a suitable surface (5), a quantity of a first water-based adhesive (4) is applied, into which a porous intermediate membrane (7) can then be laid and brushed over carefully. Once a convenient area of the porous intermediate membrane (7) has been laid, a second adhesive (2) may be applied, into which the impermeable covering (6) can then be laid and rolled in the usual manner. The second adhesive (2) dries through the porous intermediate membrane (7) to the floor surface (5). At a time of replacement or repair, when the floor covering is removed (6), the porous intermediate membrane (7) is also removed, leaving an undamaged floor surface (5) with an adhesive residue which may either be washed away to remove it or have fresh adhesive applied over it.

Abstract: An ultrasonic vibration method and an ultrasonic vibration apparatus which do not have a directional property in the direction of vibrations are disclosed. A pair of ultrasonic horns (11), (12) each having an ultrasonic vibrator (13), (14) provided at an end portion thereof are disposed in an intersecting relationship to each other, and composite vibrations of transverse vibrations produced by the pair of ultrasonic horns (11), (12) when the other ultrasonic horns (12), (11) are excited to generate longitudinal vibrations are extracted at the intersecting point of the pair of horns (11), (12) and applied to a contact object member through a presser (22).

Abstract: Voids (26) at the interface of a printed circuit board (10) bonded to a heat sink (24) which impede heat transfer from a heat generating electronic component (12) mounted on the printed circuit board (10) to the heat sink (24), and thus limit the density of electronic components (12) that may be mounted to a given printed circuit board (10) are avoided by a method wherein the adhesive securing the printed circuit board (10) to the heat sink (24) is formed of a pressure sensitive adhesive layer (22) and a thermosetting adhesive layer (28). The latter fills the voids and thus provides for greater thermal conductivity from a heat generating component (12) to the heat sink (24) with the result in increase in heat rejection (30).

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of manufacturing a low-temperature sintering multilayer ceramic wiring board comprising the steps of: forming a wiring layer by printing conductive paste (4) on an unfired green sheet (1); forming a laminate by laminating, on at least one side of a ceramic substrate, the unfired green sheet having the wiring layer; and firing the laminate. The present invention also provides paste for use with this method. In the firing step, after an adhesive layer (8) or binder resin in said green sheet used for lamination burns, glass ceramic in the green sheet starts to sinter, and upon or after the start of sintering of the glass ceramic, conductive particles in the conductive paste starts to sinter. This manufacturing method can provide an precise wiring board without pattern deformation and also provide a low-temperature ceramic multilayer wiring board that has no cracks in the glass ceramic on the periphery of electrodes and has electrodes of a dense film structure.

Abstract: A thermally conductive adhesive sheet which has electric insulation, a high conductivity and a small thermal expansion coefficient, obtained by impregnating an inorganic continuously porous sintered substrate having a thermal conductivity of 20 W/(mk) or more and a thickness of 0.1 to 2 mm with an organometallic compound, heat-treating the organometallic compound to decompose the organometallic compound and to form an oxide or a complex oxide on continuous pore surfaces, then impregnating a resin liquid into the inorganic continuously porous sintered substrate.

Abstract: A cord is supplied continuously and on demand by a suitable distributor. The apparatus is used with a revolving form (1) on which the reinforcement is progressively built up by depositing sections of the cord along a desired trajectory for the cord on the surface of the form. The apparatus comprises an element for depositing the cord on the surface of the form (1), describing an alternating path between two turning points, pressers close to the turning points in order to apply the cord to the form at the ends of the trajectory, acting synchronously with the depositing element, a mobile guide (5) disposed opposite the form, in the space between the form and the path described by the depositing element, a fixed guide (6) substantially parallel to the mobile guide (5), control means for moving the mobile guide (5) in a circumferential direction, and motorization means for synchronously piloting the depositing element, the pressers, and the control means of the mobile guide (5).

Abstract: A roof membrane welding apparatus capable of applying a weld to a first membrane and an overlapping second membrane. The apparatus includes a movably supported chassis, a welder attached to the chassis for heating the top membrane to at least the vicant softening point to weld the overlapping second membrane and the first membrane, and at least one weld wheel rotatably attached to the chassis and located rearward of the nozzle relative to the direction of movement of the apparatus, the weld wheel including a marker having an indicia thereon that is transferred to a top surface of the second membrane only where the first membrane and the second membrane have undergone a phase change during heating.

Abstract: A method for forming complexly shaped composite laminate assemblies. A pair of dry fiber preforms are placed on a tool with a thin film adhesive layer therebetween. A vacuum bag encloses the preforms and the adhesive layer. The preforms are heated to a temperature sufficient to cause the adhesive to become viscous and to wet several plys of each of the preforms. The preforms are then allowed to cool slightly before resin is infused via a vacuum source through each of the preforms to thoroughly wet each of the preforms. The resulting joint formed at the bond line of the two preforms is stronger than what would be formed simply by adhering two otherwise completely formed preforms together because the dry fiber preforms, in connection with the heating of the preforms, allow wetting of several plys of each of the preforms at the joint area, rather than just the surface ply of each preform.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention include a method comprising disposing a thin metallic layer having a low melting temperature between one end of a conductive post on a substrate and a conducting structure on an opposing substrate. Heated platens in contact with the substrates can apply pressure and heat to the thin metallic layer and cause it to be entirely consumed and subsequently transformed into a bonding layer having a melting temperature higher than the melting temperature of the original thin metallic layer. Prior to, during, or after the conductive post is bonded to the conducting structure, the region around the conductive post and between the substrates may be filled with a dielectric material, such as polyimide.

Abstract: Laminating a pre-press proof (200) onto a coated metal plate (340), consisting of the steps of: laminating a pre-laminate sheet (240) to a coated metal plate (340). Removing the first support layer (150) forming a pre-laminated receiver stock (230). Creating an imaged receiver sheet (140) laminating the imaged receiver sheet (140) to the pre-laminated receiver stock (230) thereby encapsulating the representative image (290) and removing the second support layer (170) forming a pre-press proof (200) onto a coated metal plate (340).

Abstract: The present invention gives a method of fabricating a composite polishing pad. A first polishing pad has a glue layer on a surface of the first polishing pad and a number of hard polishing materials positioned on the glue layer. Then portions of the first polishing pad are punched off to remove portions of the hard polishing material positioned on the surface of the first polishing pad so as to form holes penetrating the first polishing pad. A second polishing pad has a glue layer on a surface of the second polishing pad, and soft polishing materials adhere to the glue layer. Then portions of the soft polishing material positioned on the surface of the second polishing pad are removed while retaining the glue layer, and the portions of the soft polishing material retained on the surface of the second polishing pad completely match the holes formed in the first polishing pad.

Abstract: A surface covering assembly and process for the assembly and/or formation thereof, wherein the surface covering is specifically, but not exclusively, adaptable for use as a floor covering, wall covering or for the covering of other surfaces as a decorative structure. A base of reduced thickness is formed of a rigid material such as a stone-like composition and has an opening formed therein for the receipt of an inlay section with a similarly reduced thickness. The peripheries of the opening and the inlay section are correspondingly dimensioned and configured to be adjacently or contiguously disposed relative to one another to define an elongated, normally continuous seam. A backing is disposed in confronting relation to an under surface of both the base and the inlay section and is formed of an apertured construction.

Abstract: An improved method of fabricating a device such as OLED is disclosed. The method includes applying an adhesive on a cap or substrate. The adhesive is partially cured to initiate the cross-linking process while remaining in the liquid phase. The cap is then mounted onto the substrate and the adhesive is cured to encapsulate the device. By partially curing the adhesive prior to mounting the cap, the curing of the adhesive can be achieved without prolonged exposure to UV radiation or high temperatures which can adversely impact the device.

Abstract: A method for bonding an integrated circuit device to a glass substrate is provided. The method comprises the following steps. First, a melting device is provided, and the melting device melts a predetermined portion of the glass substrate. Then, the integrated circuit device is bonded to the glass substrate without suffering from damages by sharp edges of the glass substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method for preparing a high performance BGA board and a jig applicable to the method. The method comprises pre-bonding an adhesive to a BGA board laminated structure or a heatsink by use of a jig; and main-bonding the BGA board laminated structure or the heatsink to which the adhesive is previously stuck in the pre-bonding step to the heatsink or the BGA board laminated structure, respectively, by use of a jig. A high performance BGA board can be prepared by use of an individual heatsink and a strip-type jig without a strip-type heatsink, and in which the Ni-plated side of the heatsink can be prevented from being contaminated.

Abstract: A method of making a liquid crystal display, including the steps of providing a substrate; providing a first electrode over the substrate; coating the first electrode with aqueous dispersed material which when dried provides a protective dielectric layer over the first electrode; coating the dielectric layer with liquid crystal bearing material and drying such liquid crystal bearing material, providing a second substrate having a second electrode, coating the second electrode with a dielectric adhesive layer; and laminating the coated second electrode to the liquid crystal bearing material by means of the dielectric adhesive material.

Abstract: A method of removing an electronic component from a substrate to which it is electrically interconnected through softening of a cured resin composition is disclosed. The method involves applying infrared radiation directly to the electronic component such that radiant energy transfers through the electronic component to the resin composition, to cause the resin composition to soften. The radiant energy may be transferred directly through the electronic component, such as when the electronic component is at least partially transparent to infrared radiation. Also, the radiant energy may be transferred indirectly, with the electronic component at least partially absorbing the infrared radiation, causing an increase in temperature of the electronic component, which in turn causes an increase in temperature of the resin composition. After the resin composition is softened, it is removed from the substrate.

Abstract: An apparatus for applying different amounts of pressure to different locations of a backside of a semiconductor device structure during polishing thereof. The apparatus is configured to be associated with a wafer carrier of a polishing apparatus and includes pressurization structures configured to be biased against the backside of the semiconductor device structure during polishing thereof. The pressurization structures are independently movable with respect to one another. The amount of force or pressure applied by each pressurization structure to the backside of the semiconductor device structure is controlled by at least one corresponding actuator. The actuator may magnetically facilitate movement of the corresponding pressurization structure toward or away from the backside of the semiconductor device structure. The actuator may alternatively comprise a positive or negative pressure source.

Abstract: With respect to any one of processing units, a main transportation path, a developing unit, a dedicated transportation robot and a high-pressure processing unit are disposed linearly in this order in a direction. Hence, even if a processing fluid adhering to a substrate or an evaporant of the processing fluid moves toward the main transportation path while the high-pressure processing unit transports the substrate wet with the processing fluid, there are the processing units located which the processing fluid or its evaporant must arrive at before reaching the main transportation path.

Abstract: Disclosed is a dry etching apparatus for etching a film coated on a semiconductor substrate. An electrostatic chuck on which the semiconductor substrate is disposed is provided in a chamber carrying out an etching process. The electrostatic chuck is elevated to perform the etching process and moved downwardly to load and unload the semiconductor substrate. When the chuck is elevated, a peripheral surface of the chuck faces an inner edge of a baffle plate mounted on the inner surface of the chamber. A reaction byproduct created for the etching process and a non-reacted gas are discharged through slits formed in the baffle plate from the chamber. Accordingly, as the baffle plate is not moved along with the chuck, the reaction byproduct attached to the baffle plate cannot be exfoliated.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for providing tunable gas injection in a plasma processing system (10, 10′). The apparatus includes a gas injection manifold (50) having a pressurizable plenum (150) and an array of adjustable nozzle units (250), or an array of non-adjustable nozzles (502, 602), through which gas from the plenum can flow into the interior region (40) of a plasma reactor chamber (14) capable of containing a plasma (41). The adjustable nozzle units include a nozzle plug (160) arranged within a nozzle bore (166). A variety of different nozzle units are disclosed. The nozzle plugs are axially translatable to adjust the flow of gas therethrough. In one embodiment, the nozzle plugs are attached to a plug plate (154), which is displacable relative to an injection plate (124) via displacement actuators (170) connecting the two plates.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided by which the effects of the plasma power RF source and substrate bias are decoupled to reduce the effect of plasma power on the wafer bias and to improve process control. A technique is provided that includes establishing a high density plasma adjacent to a semiconductor wafer, such as by inductive coupling, at some RF plasma excitation frequency, preferably at a frequency between 50 kHz and 50 MHz. RF power from a bias power source is applied to a chuck on which a wafer is supported which exhibits high capacitance between the RF feed of the bias power source and the wafer. The RF power to the substrate support is applied through a matching unit at a frequency that is identical to or close to that of the frequency of the primary power to the plasma.

Abstract: Deposition of ionized material at a beveled or non-flat edge of a semiconductor wafer and the etching by the ionized material at such edge is controlled in a high density plasma processing machine by surrounding the wafer with a conducting ring to affect sheath potential and deflecting the ions of the material in such a way that the deposition and etching rate changes in a controlled way over the region immediately adjacent the wafer edge. The ring may be biased in several ways to control the ion flux to the wafer edge.

Abstract: A semiconductor wafer holding assembly that secures a semiconductor wafer for wafer handling by a semiconductor processing machine. The wafer holding assembly includes a clamp ring that is mounted to a support frame and that has a wafer-engaging surface. A plurality of latch assemblies are mounted about the periphery of the clamp ring and adjacent to the wafer-engaging surface. Each latch assembly includes a latch body that carries a clamping roller assembly and a supporting roller assembly. A rolling element of the supporting roller assembly rolls along a circular path on an inclined surface on the clamp ring as the latch body is rotated through a pivot arc between an unlatched position and a latched position. Unless the latch body is positioned in the latched position, the rolling engagement between the supporting roller assembly and the inclined surface suspends the rolling element of the clamping roller assembly above the wafer surface until the latch body is in the latched position.

Abstract: A chuck assembly of an etching apparatus capable of improving an etching rate at an edge portion of a wafer, thereby preventing byproducts from being formed along the edge portion of the wafer is disclosed. The chuck assembly comprises a chuck body comprising a stepped portion at an edge side portion of the chuck body for supporting a central portion of a wafer; an edge ring, received in the stepped portion of the chuck body, for supporting an edge portion of the wafer, wherein the edge ring has less resistance than the resistance of the wafer; and an insulating ring provided at a surrounding portion of the chuck body, for supporting a bottom portion of the edge ring, the bottom portion of the edge ring being extended toward outside of the chuck body.

Abstract: A substrate processing apparatus includes a first holder made of silicon carbide or silicon and a second holder made of quartz. Each of the first and the second holder is of a ring shape and the second ring shaped holder is mounted on the first holder. The second holder is used to mount a substrate thereon while the substrate is being processed.

Abstract: An apparatus for seaming roofing membranes to one another, wherein one of the membranes is secured to an underlying support structure by at least one protruding fastener, the apparatus including a wheeled carriage having an upwardly extending push/pull bar, a power supply carried by the carriage, the power supply driving the wheeled carriage, a heating assembly carried by the carriage and powered by the power supply, the heating assembly including a fan and a heating element, wherein the fan blows ambient air over the heating element and generate a heated airflow sufficient to fuse the roofing membranes to one another, a nozzle coupled to the heating assembly for directing the heated airflow between the two membranes, the nozzle having a pair of outer channels and an elevated center channel disposed between the pair of outer channels, the elevated channel passing over the at least one protruding fastener, and a variable pressure roller assembly coupled to the carriage, the roller assembly having a pair of out

Abstract: A security bar assembly has a plurality of bars that extend across an opening and have ends joined to drive chains. The bars may extend between two channels positioned on opposite faces of the opening, and may be slidable within the channels. The ends of the bars may be retained in the channels and the ends may have connections to chain links in opposing drive chains which are spaced apart a predetermined number of links to keep the bars a predetermined distance apart. A drive mechanism may be provided for moving the drive chains to slide the bars in the channels and a storage area adjacent the opening associated with the channels to retain the bars when they are not in place over the opening. The channels may each enclose a drive mechanism for independently moving the bar ends in each channel. In such embodiments, the drive mechanisms in the channels may be independently driven respectively by first and second motors. The first and second motors may be synchronised by a non-mechanical communication link.

Abstract: In a sun room awning, comprising a rotating-drivable roll bar with an awning cloth, lateral guide rails for the awning cloth, and tensioning straps as well as tautening means for the awning cloth that engage at the front end of the awning cloth or at a drop-out rail, it is provided that the tensioning straps are designed elastic in the longitudinal direction, at least in sections, to exert tension onto the awning cloth in order to achieve a construction ensuring a taut, visually attractive fit regardless of the extended position of the awning cloth.

Abstract: A window covering is described wherein at least one translucent or transparent sheet is suspended vertically and has a plurality of parallel vanes projecting rearwardly therefrom. The vanes are formed from fabric material which has either been rigidified with a rigidifying compound or rigidified by the formation of a pocket into which a rigid slat is inserted. Variations are provided for varying the flexibility of a hinge defined along a juncture line between the vanes and the fabric sheet.

Abstract: A covering for an architectural opening, having a first layer with alternating relatively opaque stripes and relatively translucent stripes, and a second layer with alternating relatively opaque stripes and relatively translucent stripes. The first and second layers are positioned one behind the other, with the stripes substantially parallel. The first and second layers are movable relative to one another in a direction substantially perpendicular to the stripes. The covering also includes a series of parallel binder threads for attaching the first layer to the second layer. The binder threads run substantially perpendicular to the stripes, and thereby, one of the layers can be slid along the binder threads when moved relative to the other. The blind is preferred to be woven as a double-layer fabric.

Abstract: The Screen Window for Motor Vehicles (18) invention comprises a Screen Window and separate mounting tracks that would adapt to the mounting tracks already installed in the vehicle doors whether power or manual. In the case of a power motor vehicle window the door (10) of the vehicle comprises body (12) a sash (14) a glass window (16) and a Screen Window for Motor Vehicles (18) that slides along two separate guide rails (20) with a thin rubber strip (22) separating the Screen Window for Motor Vehicles (18) and the glass window (16). In an open state, the Screen Window for Motor Vehicles (18) and the glass window (16) will be primarily housed in the body (12). A closed state the Screen Window for Motor Vehicles (18) and the glass window (16) move to a position contacting against the sash (14). The two windows will open and close by a driven motor (24). A passenger will control the action of the windows by using the switch controls labeled Window (1), Screen (3), or Both (5).

Abstract: The invention relates to an industrial gate having a gate body covering the gateway and comprising a multiplicity of segments (21) which are interconnected such that they may be oriented at a relative angle. The segments (21) comprise two profile members (211, 212) extending over the length of the segments (21) and an insert panel (213) which is arranged between these and optionally is translucent, wherein the profile members (211, 212) each have a substantially U-shaped profile groove for receiving the longitudinal edges of the insert panel (213), and wherein one respective elastomer plastic element (214, 215) each is arranged between the longitudinal edges of the insert panel (213) and the inner surface of the profile groove in a press-fit, i.e., under deformation of the plastic element (214, 215) in comparison with the load-free state. The industrial gate in accordance with the invention is characterized in that the gate body—while maintaining the suitability for an external closure as known, e.g.

Abstract: Separation of dissolved and colloidal high molecular weight organic by-products from liquors or filtrates in a cellulosic pulping process to improve the overall efficiency of the process.

Abstract: Composite panels and pulp, and paper products of the pulp, are produced from Arundo donax. In the fabrication of the composite panels, Arundo donax is comminuted to a suitable size, combined with a binder, and consolidated into panels that meet standards for construction and/or furniture grade panels. The Arundo donax particulates may be combined with wood particulates to produce a mixed furnish that can be used in the preparation of composite panels. Comminuted Arundo donax is treated, in conventional pulping processes, to produce a high tensile strength pulp that can be used in the production of paper. The pulp has a lighter color than wood pulp, and thereby uses less bleaching chemicals to achieve a desired whiteness. The pulp can be combined with wood pulp to produce a variety of products.

Abstract: A method of draining water from low-consistency water-fiber suspensions, in which the water-fiber suspension is fed to a filtering surface comprising holes. The rougher fibers are first separated from the water-fiber suspension and fed to the filtering surface to form a separate filtering layer and the water-fiber suspension is led to flow through the filtering layer formed by the rougher fibers.

Abstract: A novel process for bleaching cellulosic pulp is disclosed which provides improvements in pulp brightness and delignification without negatively impacting physical properties of the pulp. Specifically, a process is disclosed in which kraft pulp is treated with at least one of each of an oxidizing agent, an alkaline agent, and a metal substituted xerogel in a bleaching stage to improve brightness and delignification of softwood, hardwood, or recycled pulp. In a preferred embodiment, a process is disclosed which uses at least one metal substituted xerogel as a catalyst in an alkaline peroxide bleaching stage to improve kraft pulp brightness and delignification. Pulps bleached according to the process of the present invention are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a creped fiber web is provided and includes providing a rotating cylindrical dryer surface, applying an ionene adhesive to the rotating cylindrical dryer surface to form an adhesive dryer surface, conveying a fiber web to the adhesive dryer surface, drying the fiber web on the adhesive dryer surface to form a dried fiber web, and creping the dried fiber web from the adhesive dryer surface. The ionene polymer can be a crosslinked polymer of an alkylamine, a haloepoxyalkane, and an amine that differs from the alkylamine, such as a terpolymer of dimethylamine, epichlorohydrin, and ethylenediamine. The ionene adhesive may further include monoammonium phosphate. The ionene polymer may be water-soluble and cationic.

Abstract: A laminate integrated by firmly jointing a heat-seal layer in web form made from a mixture of synthetic pulp having a branched configuration and synthetic short fiber to a substrate layer made from natural fiber. The synthetic pulp is made from a resin composition comprised of ethylene-&agr;,&bgr;-unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer and polyethylene. This laminate has a high degree of air permeability and exhibits a high heat-seal strength and good hot tack even at a temperature of 130° C. On account of said properties it is adequately used as heat-seal paper suited for filter use, in particular raw material paper for tea bags.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an aqueous dispersion of a sizing agent comprising starch having aromatic groups and an anionic polyelectrolyte, wherein the starch has a total amount of amylose of at least about 22% by weight based on total starch.

Abstract: Machine for producing a fibrous material web and process for guiding the web through the machine. The machine includes a wire section, a drying section, arranged downstream of the wire section with regard to a web travel direction, having at least one free web draw, a first and second shoe press separated in the web travel direction, and an upper felt and a lower transfer belt arranged to guide the fibrous material web through the second shoe press. The lower transfer belt is structured and arranged to transfer the fibrous material web to the drying section, and the material web is guided in a closed draw from the wire section to a first free web draw, with regard to the web travel direction, in the drying section. At least one high-performance drying device is positioned before the first free web draw.

Abstract: The energy efficiency of a throughdrying papermaking process is improved by recycling exhaust air from one or more throughdryers to further heat the web at various places in the process.

Abstract: Device and process for cleaning a circulating belt, the device using a cleaning device having at least one nozzle. The process includes feeding a pressurized fluid to the at least one nozzle, and subjecting the circulating belt to the pressurized fluid via the at least one nozzle. The pressurized fluid has a temperature in a range of between approximately 90° C. and approximately 160° C.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for casting metallic components is disclosed. The apparatus has a vertical parting line and a gate configuration which reduces defects within the cast components.

Abstract: A metal casting fabrication method is provided. In accordance with the method, first a metal plate is disposed in the cavity of molding dies. This metal plate includes a first surface formed with a heat insulating layer, and a second surface opposite to the first surface. With the metal plate placed in the cavity, the heat insulating layer is held in contact with the dies, while the opposite or second surface is partially exposed to the cavity. The injected molten metal properly fills the cavity from end to end since its heat is not conducted unduly to the dies via the metal plate.