Abstract: A composition for forming a radiation absorbing coating which comprises an organic solvent, a radiation absorbing polymer or a radiation absorbing material dissolved therein and a crosslinking agent having blocked isocyanate groups. Since the isocyanate groups of the crosslinking agent have been blocked, the composition containing the crosslinking agent has excellent storage stability. When the composition applied to a substrate and then baked, crosslinking proceeds to give an antireflective coating, which does not intermix with a resist layer to be formed thereon by coating and is free from diffusion of a photo-generated acid thereinto from the resist layer. As a result, a resist image free from footing or scum can be formed.

Abstract: A photoresist layer is applied to the surface of a substrate. The photoresist layer is exposed and then developed, to form a structured polymer. A solution is then applied to the structured polymer that contains at least one organic electrically conductive compound. The structured polymer is converted into a conducting or semiconducting structured polymer.

Abstract: A method for reducing line edge roughness of photoresist, at least include: provide a photoresist which at least has a trench and is located on substrate; fill trenches so let that trenches are totally filled by an additional material; remove part of additional material which is located on photoresist and substrate; and treat additional material so let that adhesion between additional material and photoresist is enhanced after additional material is treated. Moreover, while only trenches are filled by additional material, step of removing part of additional material could be omitted; while adhesion between additional material and photoresist is good, step of treating additional material could be omitted.

Abstract: An out-of-plane micro-structure which can be used for on-chip integration of high-Q inductors and transformers places the magnetic field direction parallel to the substrate plane without requiring high aspect ratio processing. The photolithographically patterned coil structure includes an elastic member having an intrinsic stress profile. The intrinsic stress profile biases a free portion away from the substrate forming a loop winding. An anchor portion remains fixed to the substrate. The free portion end becomes a second anchor portion which may be connected to the substrate via soldering or plating. A series of individual coil structures can be joined via their anchor portions to form inductors and transformers.

Abstract: A method and system for masking a surface to be etched is described. A droplet source ejects droplets of a masking material for deposit on a thin-film or other substrate surface to be etched. The temperature of the thin-film or substrate surface is controlled such that the droplets rapidly freeze upon contact with the thin-film or substrate surface. The thin-film or substrate is then etched. After etching the masking material is removed.

Abstract: One principal embodiment of the disclosure pertains to a method of optically fabricating a photomask using a direct write continuous wave laser, comprising a series of steps including: applying an organic antireflection coating over a surface of a photomask which includes a chrome-containing layer; applying a chemically-amplified DUV photoresist over the organic antireflection coating; post apply baking the DUV photoresist over a specific temperature range; exposing a surface of the DUV photoresist to the direct write continuous wave laser; and, post exposure baking the imaged DUV photoresist over a specific temperature range. The direct write continuous wave laser preferably operates at a wavelength of 244 nm or 257 nm. In an alternative embodiment, the organic antireflection coating may be applied over an inorganic antireflection coating which overlies the chrome containing layer.

Abstract: A method for using an excimer laser to pattern electrodeposited photoresist on a sloped surface of a wafer substrate includes depositing a layer of photoresist on top of a substrate that includes a sloped surface and scanning an excimer laser beam over the layer of photoresist to expose the layer of photoresist in a desired pattern. The scanning step includes projecting the excimer laser beam in a small beam spot onto the substrate and scanning the small beam spot of the excimer layer beam relative to the substrate to define the pattern sequentially onto the substrate, including the sloped surface.

Abstract: A method of removing a photoresist or a photoresist residue from a semiconductor substrate is disclosed. The semiconductor substrate with the photoresist or the photoresist residue on a surface of the semiconductor substrate is placed within a pressure chamber. The pressure chamber is then pressurized. Supercritical carbon dioxide and a stripper chemical are introduced to the pressure chamber. The supercritical carbon dioxide and the stripper chemical are maintained in contact with the photoresist or the photoresist residue until the photoresist or the photoresist residue is removed from the semiconductor substrate. The pressure chamber is then flushed and vented.

Abstract: New methods and compositions are provided that enable application and processing of photoresist as thick coating layers, e.g. at dried layer (post soft-bake) thicknesses of in excess of 2 microns. Resists can be imaged at short wavelengths in accordance with the invention, including 248 nm.

Abstract: In a negative or positive photoresist layer structured with the aid of the customary lithography technique, the photoresist layer is heated briefly, in the region of the interface with the semiconductor substrate, to a temperature above the melting point to fuse the photoresist layer at the interface with the layer underneath on the semiconductor wafer.

Abstract: A method for treating combustible wastes comprises the steps of: carbonizing combustible wastes to produce carbonized products and a combustible gas; contacting an exhaust gas from a process with said carbonized products to purify the exhaust gas; and recovering the carbonized products in the exhaust gas. The carbonizing is carried out at a temperature of 400° C. or higher.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for reducing the acidic pollutant emissions, in particular the sulfur trioxide emission, of industrial installations with at least one burner for the combustion of liquid fossil fuels. In particular, the invention relates to flue gas neutralization in the combustion of heavy oils. According to the invention, it is proposed that, before the combustion, an emulsion of the fuel with a solution of a magnesium-containing active ingredient or a magnesium compound is formed, and led into the burner.

Abstract: An evaporative burner includes an evaporative medium for feeding fuel vapor into a combustion chamber, a first heating device, having at least one ignition heating element projecting with at least its heating region into the combustion chamber for igniting fuel vapor present in the combustion chamber, and a second heating device, with at least one evaporating heating element associated with the evaporative medium for affecting its evaporation characteristic.

Abstract: A wick holder for use with an oil lamp includes a body having a wick passage and at least one vent extending through the body to provide fluid communication between an interior and an exterior of an oil lamp reservoir. Additionally, or alternatively, the wick holder may include an oil capture channel formed in a surface of the wick holder spaced about the wick passage. Additionally, or alternatively, the wick holder may also include neck having a convex outer surface proximate an end of the neck. Additionally, or alternatively, the wick holder may include a convex inner surface forming a part of the wick passage proximate the end of the neck.

Abstract: A torch device is provided. The torch device includes an elongated member and a support member attached adjacent one end of the elongated member. A receiving container is connected to the elongated member by the support member. The receiving container includes a side wall portion and a base wall portion connected to the side wall portion and defines a cup-like receiving chamber within the side wall portion for holding an associated fluid. A seal between the side wall portion and the base wall portion for preventing the associated fluid from escaping the receiving chamber by passing between the side wall portion and the base wall portion is provided. A wick is partially received within the receiving chamber and partially extends outward therefrom.

Abstract: A combustor liner has an annular shell which includes a first portion and a second portion. The first portion is provided with slot film cooling and the second portion is provided with multi-hole film cooling. The multi-hole cooling portion can be located either forward or aft of the slot film cooling portion, depending on the nature of the combustor that the liner is to be used in. In one possible embodiment, the liner includes a first annular panel, a second annular panel section joined at its forward end to the aft end of the first panel section, and a third annular panel section being joined at its forward end to the aft end of the second panel section. At least one of the panel sections has multi-hole film cooling and at least one other of the panel sections has slot film cooling.

Abstract: Method and device for the heat treatment of substrates, wherein the substrates are positioned in the vicinity of a heated, essentially flat furnace body extending over the surface of the substrate. In order to provide a reproducible treatment when treating a number of substrates successively, the temperature of the furnace body is measured so close to the surface adjacent to the substrate that the withdrawal of heat from the furnace body by the substrate can be detected. The introduction of each substrate takes place at a point in time when the temperature measured in this way is, within certain limits, equal to a desired initial treatment temperature Ttrig.

Abstract: A method of controlling a furnace pressure for preventing air from intruding to a heating furnace, a method of stable operation during low combustion load of heat regenerating burners and a method of measuring concentration of an atmospheric gas in a heating furnace are proposed. When the heat recovered with burners each attached with a heat regeneration body is used for heating the combustion air of burners at a combustion state, the suction ratio of the exhaust gas from the burners to the heat regeneration body is adjusted to control the furnace pressure in accordance with a combustion load on an entire heating furnace. The furnace pressure is controlled by adjusting the flow rate of dilution air in accordance with the temperature of the exhaust gas in the exhaust stack on the inlet side of a recuperator in the heating furnace and the combustion load on the heating furnace.

Abstract: A steam/hydrocarbon reformer employing a convection-heated pre-reformer is disclosed. The pre-reformer comprises catalyst-filled tubes disposed in the transition section between the radiant and convection sections. The pre-reformer tubes are transverse to the flow of flue gas from the radiant section. The pre-reformer achieves 10-20% of the total reforming load, and can be installed as a module or modules between the radiant and convection sections without increasing the size of the reformer.

Abstract: A good heat treatment of metal coils (31, 32) is obtained by means of gaseous hot media, whereby said metal coils are successively wound with support frames (10) between them. According to the invention, a low-cost robust support frame (10) may be obtained, whereby an I-profile is used as frame profile (28), so construct a frame, which then forms the support frame (10). The I-profile web has rows of holes (24), to serve as a guide for the medium.

Abstract: A prescription for an orthodontic brace is selected by providing data representing a number of teeth of the dental arch and by displaying images of the teeth in two or more different positions. Images of at least one tooth when in the first position and when in the second position are simultaneously displayed in superimposed fashion, and any difference in orientations of the displayed tooth images between the first position and the second position appears in contrast. As a consequence, the relative difference in positions can be readily observed. The invention is particularly useful for selecting a prescription of a brace from two or more prescriptions, and is also useful for observing the relative effect of a single prescription when used on certain teeth in comparison to the position of the same teeth during an earlier stage of treatment.

Abstract: A stacked layer structure including a single crystal substrate; an amorphous or polycrystalline buffer layer formed from a boron-containing Group III-V compound semiconductor. The buffer layer is provided on the substrate; a cladding layer formed from a boron-containing Group III-V compound semiconductor is provided on the buffer layer; and a light-emitting layer having a quantum well structure including a barrier layer formed from a boron-containing Group III-V compound semiconductor and a well layer formed from a Group III nitride semiconductor is provided on the cladding layer. The barrier layer is formed from a boron-containing Group III-V compound semiconductor having the same lattice constant as a boron-containing Group III-V compound semiconductor constituting the cladding layer.

Abstract: A dental tool for the delivery of pressurized air containing abrasive media includes a supply of unpressurized water which joins the leading end of the tool at a location at which the water is drawn to form a curtain about the pressurized air/media flow.

Abstract: A dental brush (10) especially for cleaning and stimulating tissues between the teeth includes a core (12) with filaments (14) extending outwardly away from the core in a large variety of different angles, the outer ends of the filaments lying within a triangle as viewed along the core axis. When viewed into the side of the core (12), the filaments (14) extend away from the core at a maximum in the central region of the core and have a continually reducing extent as they are spaced away from the central region toward the core ends (16, 18).

Abstract: A dental post comprising a rod fabricated of fiber-reinforced composite material. The rod comprises a plurality of frustoconical sections arranged coaxially along the longitudinal axis of the rod. Preferably the rod has consistent width along the longitudinal axis wherein the frustoconical sections each have the same tapered width and same length. The number of frustoconical units per rod can vary. The frustoconical sections may vary in shape. Moreover, the rod may include a channel therein extending along the longitudinal axis thereof. The rod may also include one or more grooves extending along the surface thereof.

Abstract: The combat training system includes a transmitter of a first electroluminescent signal representative of a projectile fired at a front of a structure, which is detected at the structure's front. An extent of damage that would be expected to be experienced by the structure is determined from the detected first signal. A second electroluminescent signal is transmitted behind the structure that is representative of the expected damage extent. A target behind the structure's front detects the second signal, from which an effect expected to be experienced by the target is determined.

Abstract: The invention relates to a driving simulator, particularly for simulating the movements of earthbound vehicles. To take into account the special features of the movements of earthbound vehicles, the proposed driving simulator has a carrier unit that has a rigid floor platform, on which a test vehicle can be mounted. The carrier unit also includes at least one projection surface and at least one projector, and at least three movement modules, each of which has a wheel that rolls on a floor surface. The wheel can be steered, relative to the axis extending perpendicular to the floor, via a first drive, and can be driven by a respectively associated second drive.

Abstract: An instructional crochet apparatus for crocheting a pre-determined design comprises a grid having a plurality of grid blocks arranged and configured in substantially aligned rows and columns. Each alternating row of the grid is off-set from each other row such that each alternating row is substantially aligned with each other. Color indicators disposed on the grid are arranged and configured to define the pre-determined design. Stitch guides comprise crochet stitch directions. Each grid block substantially corresponds to a crochet stitch and the pre-determined design is created in crochet by crochet stitching performed in accordance with the color indicators and the stitch guides.

Abstract: A device includes a support, a lock connected to the support, and a protective element configured to protect the lock. The lock includes a plurality of strands. At least a portion of the protective element is transparent. The protective element is mounted to the support so as to permit movement of the support between a first position and a second position. When the protective element is in the first position, the lock is at least substantially contained inside the protective element and, when the protective element is in the second position, at least a portion of the lock is at least partly accessible to touch.

Abstract: A push-button switch and a teaching pendant employing the same are provided. The push-button switch ensures that a push button is capable of switching ON/OFF the switch if one of contacts thereof should fail during an operation of the switch. For achieving this object, a switch case 3 contains two c-contacts 9a, 9b each having a snap action configuration and switching mechanisms 11a, 11b for opening/closing the c-contacts 9a, 9b. When a push button 5 is depressed, the switching mechanisms 11a, 11b simultaneously open/close the c-contacts 9a, 9b for turning ON/OFF a push-button switch 1.

Abstract: A system where a child or other individual arranges one or more computer-recognizable characters on a working platform to spell words or provide a mathematical result in response to computer generated questions or prompts, the system then indicating whether the words or mathematical result is correct.

Abstract: A system where a child or other individual arranges one or more computer-recognizable characters on a working platform to spell words or provide a mathematical result in response to computer generated questions or prompts, the system then indicating whether the words or mathematical result is correct.

Abstract: A system where a child or other individual arranges one or more computer-recognizable characters on a working platform to spell words or provide a mathematical result in response to computer generated questions or prompts, the system then indicating whether the words or mathematical result is correct.

Abstract: Disclosed is a learning data base building method which can achieve data update in an optimum memory size and simultaneously build a systematic data configuration. Moreover, a video apparatus having a learning function and learning function control method therefor which can provide systematic, simple and effective learning by using a learning data base. The learning data base building method includes the steps of arranging vocabulary data in order of frequency in use thereof, grouping the arranged vocabulary data classified by subjects, and producing index for reading in consecutive order the groups of the vocabulary data classified by subjects.

Abstract: Methods and systems for delivering multimedia learning modules to one or more students in a computer based education environment. The multimedia education system includes a host server, communication link connecting the host server to a remote computer, and software operable on the host server and remote computer. Methods include providing: a set of global knowledge/vocabulary words with high interest expository text and graphics; a contextual definition for at least one of the words; or an additional set of vocabulary words presented as a pair of synonyms for a new stimulus word. A method includes causing a student to select an appropriate synonym to replace the stimulus word based on another high interest expository text. A method includes providing a game scenario including a multisensory scenario, wherein the student must select an appropriate synonym or a pair of synonyms from a number of synonyms to complete a task in a game.

Abstract: A visual learning system includes a presentation surface having hook and loop fasteners disposed thereon, at least one target picture card having a graphical representation of a target subject matter depicted thereon, where the at least one target picture card being detachably affixable to the presentation surface. A plurality of text cards are detachably affixable to the presentation surface, where the plurality of text cards being operable to form a prompt sentence and an expression sentence describing at least one aspect of the target subject matter.

Abstract: A method for teaching reading is disclosed wherein written text is segmented into situational defined elements, each segmented element of text is sequentially numerically registered, the numerically registered text is provided to a plurality of students, and words and phrases are identified by referencing the student to corresponding numerical designations in accord with the student's ability.

Abstract: To the best of our knowledge there is no game—board game or CD-ROM—currently on the market that allows individuals to learn about professional behavior in a fun, interactive manner, Anyone who holds a job or is trying to obtain one will be able to benefit from this game. “Help! Was That a Career Limiting Move?” will be unlike any other learning tool previously used in business training settings, and will be the first game of its kind on the market.

Abstract: Method for assisting a person in changing a behavior, e.g., smoking, by employing multiple steps, including e.g., having the person assess, quantitatively, the degree of readiness to change, having the person assess, quantitatively, the difficulty of changing a given behavior, having the person list benefits and obstacles involved in changing the behavior, and devising a strategy for changing the behavior, that includes positive reinforcement and self-efficacy.

Abstract: There is disclosed a limb function training method comprising: using a walking training apparatus Ka comprising a visually recognized member 1 having a visually recognized surface 2 on which a limb function trainee M can walk and in which a meshed pattern 3 is formed by arranging squares having the same area in a matrix form and coloring each square in a color different from a color of the adjacent square, such as any one of white and black; and allowing the limb function trainee M to walk while visually recognizing the meshed pattern 3 of said visually recognized surface 2.

Abstract: An analysis system for monitoring and optimizing a training program to be carried out by a patient without constant supervision, with computer-assisted measuring modules fitted on the training apparatuses and/or on the patient and/or in a patient PC for recording the activity and/or the sequence of movements of the patient to derive characteristic variables for patient compliance.

Abstract: A surgical training apparatus and method are provided simulating a patient having background radiation emissions level and at least one concentrated source of radiation emissions. The apparatus includes a plurality of notches in a lower base portion for receiving test sources, and a cover for overlaying the lower base during the training procedures. Identification indicia is provided within each of the notches and on the cover to correlate the notch position with the closed cover surface. A radiation detection device is used to scan the surfaces in training surgeons for radiation identification and localization techniques.

Abstract: An entertainment system for storing, transmitting and displaying music, pictures and sound from videos and audios in any format for users to sing or act along with. The entertainment system includes an entertainment center having a central computer and server, a hardswitch connected to the central computer and server, and a converter connected to the hardswitch; and at least one user sub-station location having a plurality of individual karaoke player rooms. The entertainment system also includes a remote library source of videos/audios on any format having T1 bandwidth lines for transmitting to the entertainment center; and the entertainment center also having T1 bandwidth lines for transmitting to at least one of the user sub-stations locations. The converter includes a karaoke video disc player for converting the received video/audio into a desired karaoke formatted song, play or movie.

Abstract: A method and system for interactive case and video-based teacher training is provided. The invention includes a server portion 200 and a client portion 202. A media database 100, a video assignment or video assessment database 102, an administration database 104, and a user database 106 interact with a computer system 108 and with a lesson-builder program 114 and a lesson viewer program 116 in order to allow for the development of time-indexed video case-centric lessons and courses, which are stored in a lesson database 110. The computer system 108 communicates with a plurality of client computers 206 via a browser program 208, allowing teacher-users or general users to interact with the lesson-builder program 114 and the lesson viewer program 116 for the creation and use of lessons. The lessons generated and used in the present invention are video-centric, and the present invention provides for the use of time-coded or time-indexed references to relevant portions of the video.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus embodying techniques useful in testing students for mastery of educational topics. A plurality of fact elements are accessed and a first fact element is presented in a first semantic format, a first response is received to the fact element in the first semantic format, the first fact element is presented in a second semantic format, and a second response is received to the fact element in the second semantic format. In another aspect, the techniques iteratively present a plurality of fact elements in a plurality of different question formats, and also presents a memory aid. A memory aid may be presented with the fact element.

Abstract: An apparatus demonstrating costs associated with a delay in obtaining insurance comprising an envelope containing a plurality of openings disposed therein, and an information card that slides into the envelope. The information card comprises a plurality of entries printed thereon wherein at least one of the entries is aligned with an opening in the envelope so as to demonstrate costs associated with the delay in obtaining insurance.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of modifying cell structure which includes: increasing the intracellular concentration of biliverdin reductase, or a fragment or variant thereof, in a mammalian cell under conditions effective to modify the structure of the mammalian cell. Also disclosed are methods of performing in vivo tissue remodeling in a mammal and repairing a damaged organ or organ system, both of which include delivering biliverdin reductase, or fragments or variants thereof, to one or more cells present at a site of tissue remodeling in a mammal, wherein said delivering increases the intracellular concentration of biliverdin reductase, or fragments or variants thereof, under conditions effective to modify the structure of the one or more cells at the site of tissue remodeling, thereby remodeling the tissue containing the one or more cells.

Abstract: This invention is a novel method for perfusion of a porous implant which achieves efficient interpenetration of desired factors into and removal of undesirable factors from the pores of the implant, cleaning of the implant, efficient passivation of the implant (inactivation of pathogens, microorganisms, cells, viruses and the like and reduction in antigenicity thereof), and the novel implant produced by such treatment. The process presents a system wherein the rate of pressure cycling, the fact of pressure cycling, and the amplitude of pressure cycling, results in highly cleaned tissues and other implants for implantation.

Abstract: A microsphere-based analytic chemistry system and method for making the same is disclosed in which microspheres or particles carrying bioactive agents may be combined randomly or in ordered fashion and dispersed on a substrate to form an array while maintaining the ability to identify the location of bioactive agents and particles within the array using an optically interrogatable, optical signature encoding scheme. A wide variety of modified substrates may be employed which provide either discrete or non-discrete sites for accomodating the microspheres in either random or patterned distributions. The substrates may be constructed from a variety of materials to form either two-dimensional or three-dimensional configurations. In a preferred embodiment, a modified fiber optic bundle or array is employed as a substrate to produce a high density array. The disclosed system and method have utility for detecting target analytes and screening large libraries of bioactive agents.

Abstract: This invention provides methods and diagnostic kits for identifying and characterizing toxic compounds. These methods and diagnostic kits measure transcription or translation levels fr4om genes linked to native eukaryotic stress promoters, especially those of mammals. The kits and methods of this invention utilize at least one stress promoter from each of the following groups: redox stress; DNA stress; protein stress and energy/ionic stress. The invention also provides methods and diagnostic kits for identifying and characterizing compounds that are toxic to specific organs, such as skin and the eye, as well as for each of the individual stresses indicated above. The methods and diagnostic kits of this invention yield information concerning the action of a compound on a subcellular level. This information may be utilized to design antitoxins to compounds found to be toxic and in active drug design.