Abstract: Size-confined nanocomposite powders and methods for their manufacture are provided by coating fine powders with a nanoscale powder of a different composition. The nanocomposite plastics disclosed offer performance characteristics approaching those of metals and alloys. The nanocomposite powders are alternatively used for dispersion strengthening of metals, alloys, and ceramics. Novel materials based nanotechnology for energy devices and programmable drug delivery are disclosed.

Abstract: There are disclosed a conductive antioxidant paint suitably used as an antioxidant material for a graphite electrode used in arc furnaces such as electric steel-making furnaces, and a graphite electrode coated with the conductive antioxidant paint.

Abstract: The present invention provides a superhard polycrystalline diamond or diamond-like element with greatly improved resistance to thermal degradation without loss of impact strength. Collectively called PCD elements, these elements are formed with a binder-catalyzing material in a high-temperature, high-pressure process. The PCD element has a plurality of partially bonded diamond or diamond-like crystals forming at least one continuous diamond matrix, and the interstices among the diamond crystals forming at least one continuous interstitial matrix containing a catalyzing material. The element has a working surface and a body, where a portion of the interstitial matrix in the body adjacent to the working surface is substantially free of the catalyzing material, and the remaining interstitial matrix contains the catalyzing material.

Abstract: The present invention provides an earth boring drill bit with a superhard polycrystalline diamond or diamond-like element with greatly improved resistance to thermal degradation without loss of impact strength. Collectively called PCD elements, these elements are formed with a binder-catalyzing material in a high-temperature, high-pressure process. The PCD element has a plurality of partially bonded diamond or diamond-like crystals forming at least one continuous diamond matrix, and the interstices among the diamond crystals forming at least one continuous interstitial matrix containing a catalyzing material. The element has a working surface and a body, where a portion of the interstitial matrix in the body adjacent to the working surface is substantially free of the catalyzing material, and the remaining interstitial matrix contains the catalyzing material. This translates to higher wear resistance in cutting applications and has advantages in numerous other applications.

Abstract: A surface coating film coated on a substrate includes at least one member being selected from the group consisting of silicon dioxide and silicon dioxide derivatives, and an additive including polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) being dispersed or solved therein. A forming process therefor includes the steps of applying a coating solution on a surface of a substrate, the coating solution including at least one silicon containing compound, being selected from the group consisting of alkoxy silane, siloxane and organosiloxane, and an additive including PVP, and heating the substrate. Since PVP is dispersed or solved in the surface coating film, it is possible to improve the wear resistance and superficial hardness. Moreover, since the surface coating film is enhanced in terms of the toughness, no crack occurs even when it is formed by polymerization reactions.

Abstract: In order to provide an electric machine winding having an insulating layer excellent in electric characteristics and an insulating layer of an electric machine winding excellent in electric characteristics, a high-thermal-conductivity insulating layer 11 is formed around the peripheral portion of a winding conductor 10 by the use of a high-thermal-conductivity insulating tape 1 having a mica layer 3, a reinforcing material layer 5, and a high-thermal-conductivity filler layer 7, wherein the amount of resin of the mica layer 3 makes up 10 wt % to 25 wt % of the total weight of the insulating material and wherein the amount of resin of the high-thermal-conductivity filler layer 7 makes up 10 wt % to 25 wt % of the total weight of the insulating material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fiber-reinforced plastic molded article including a surface layer (A) composed of a polymer material, an intermediate layer (B) and a fiber-reinforced plastic layer (C); wherein (1) said intermediate layer (B) is composed of the cured product of an intermediate layer composition comprising a curable resin composition including a polymerizable unsaturated monomer and a polymerization curable unsaturated resin, a filler and a thixotropic agent, (2) said curable resin composition is able to form a casting plate having tensile elongation percentage of 2 to 50% and Barcol hardness (B value) of 50 or more by its curing, (3) the content of said filler is 30 to 150 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of curable resin composition, and (4) the content of said thixotropic agent is 1 to 4 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of curable resin composition.

Abstract: A binding tape for golf club grip is constructed having a non-woven tensile layer, a handhold layer made of polyurethane foam bonded to the tensile layer at one side, and a shock-absorbing base layer bonded to the tensile layer at the other side. The thickness ratio of the tensile layer, the handhold layer, and the shock-absorbing base layer is at 0.2:0.3:1.5˜1:1:1. The total thickness of the binding tape is within 1.3 mm˜2.0 mm.

Abstract: Adhesive composition for the cementing of a surface layer of a floor covering with a carrier layer of a floor covering includes, a crosslinking adhesive and an antimony- and halogen-free flameproofing agent. The adhesive composition and floor covering are particularly suited for aviation. The fraction of the flameproofing agent may be at least 5% by weight of the adhesive composition. The flameproofing agent may contain ammonium polyphosphate. The adhesive composition makes possible, in a simple and low-cost manner, a cementing of the surface layer with the carrier layer, wherein the requirement of its being highly flame-resistant is accounted for. Moreover, when using the adhesive composition in accordance with the invention, values with regard to combustion gas density and the release of toxic agents clearly fall below acceptable limits governing aviation in cases of fire so that the floor covering is completely suitable for aviation.

Abstract: High quality epitaxial layers of monocrystalline materials can be grown overlying monocrystalline substrates such as large silicon wafers by forming a compliant substrate for growing the monocrystalline layers. One way to achieve the formation of a compliant substrate includes first growing an accommodating buffer layer on a silicon wafer. The accommodating buffer layer is a layer of monocrystalline oxide spaced apart from the silicon wafer by an amorphous interface layer of silicon oxide. The amorphous interface layer dissipates strain and permits the growth of a high quality monocrystalline oxide accommodating buffer layer. The accommodating buffer layer is lattice matched to both the underlying silicon wafer and the overlying monocrystalline material layer. Any lattice mismatch between the accommodating buffer layer and the underlying silicon substrate is taken care of by the amorphous interface layer.

Abstract: A silicone composition comprising a first organopolysiloxane containing T units, a second organopolysiloxane, an organohydrogenpolysiloxane, and a platinum catalyst cures into a coating that adheres well to plastic film substrates and even to polyester film substrates which are difficult for conventional solventless silicone compositions to adhere. The cured coating exhibits release properties to pressure-sensitive adhesives, and a film substrate coated with the cured silicone composition provides a release film.

Abstract: A fitting type damper and a process thereof being capable of increasing largely slipping torque in strength are ones that the large slipping torque can be increased not only when the damper is a new product but also after a heat aging test and/or a durability test are performed. And, the damper is one that &ggr;-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane 4, which is an organosilane used as a non-slip agent, is adhered and fitted between a hub 1 formed by some metal parts and a rubber elastic body 3, and between a inertia mass body 2 formed by some metal parts and the rubber elastic body 3.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for coating a metallic or semimetallic surface in which coating molecules containing reactive groups are bound covalently to the surface by irradiation with light and it also concerns a structured coated surface.

Abstract: The invention discloses a process for treating a ceramic protective layer (3) which is applied to the surface (2) of a gas turbine part (1). The roughness of the ceramic protective layer (3) is reduced at at least one first location (5), and the original roughness is retained at at least one second location (6). The roughness is advantageously retained at locations (6) on a turbine blade or vane (1) which are at risk of detachment, while the roughness of the remaining surface (2) is reduced in order to reduce the heat transfer to the surrounding hot-gas flow.

Abstract: A vertical magnetic recording medium and a method for evaluating the same by which the thickness of the micro-crystalline texture part occupying the ferromagnetic layer in the recording layer of the medium can be grasped quantitatively along with the distribution thereof in the thickness direction and the crystal magnetic anisotropy constant Kugrain of magnetic crystal grains in a columnar texture part can be determined simultaneously.

Abstract: An Al alloy member having excellent corrosion resistance comprises an Al or Al alloy substrate having an anodic oxide film including a porous layer and a pore-free barrier layer. At least a part of a structure of the barrier layer is altered into boehmite and/or pseudo-boehmite, a dissolution rate of the film is at 100 mg/dm2/15 minutes or below when determined by an immersion test in phosphoric acid/chromic acid (JIS H 8683-2), and a corroded area percent is at 10% or below after allowing the film to stand in an atmosphere of 5% Cl2—Ar gas at 400° C. for 4 hours.

Abstract: A structure made of a fluoropolymer layer and directly attached to one of its sides a tie layer based on a polyamide which results from the condensation of at least one diacid and at least one diamine of the following formula (1): 1

Abstract: Multilayer polymeric films and other optical bodies are provided which is useful in making colored mirrors and polarizers. The films are characterized by a change in color as a function of viewing angle.

Abstract: A perpendicular magnetic recording medium includes a hard magnetic recording layer and a soft magnetic underlayer adjacent the hard magnetic recording layer. The soft magnetic underlayer includes first and second ferromagnetically coupled multilayer structures and a coupling layer positioned between the first and second multilayer structures for antiferromagnetically coupling the first and second multilayer structures. A magnetic disc drive storage system incorporating such a perpendicular magnetic recording medium and a method of making such a perpendicular magnetic recording medium are also included.

Abstract: A method of producing a rubber-resin composite whose vulcanized rubber and thermoplastic resin moldings are bonded together by high adhesive strength at low cost, satisfying both moldability and mechanical strength. It comprises: (1) making the vulcanized rubber molding by vulcanization molding, (2) forming an adhesive layer, whose principal ingredient is chlorosulfonated polyethylene, on a surface of the rubber molding to be bonded to the resin, and (3) while arranging the rubber molding in a mold, pouring the thermoplastic resin containing 30˜60 wt. % of glass fiber in a molten state into the mold to form the resin molding.

Abstract: An adhesive composition is provided for bonding two or more different members which can give a bonded material having excellent heat resistance characteristics while inhibiting breakage of the materials to be bonded by reducing the expansion coefficient, the Young's modulus and the proof stress value. A method for bonding two or more different members using the adhesive composition, and a composite member comprising two or more different members bonded by the above method can be provided by the adhesive composition which comprises a hard solder and a mixture of at least two fine particle materials differing in wettability with the hard solder and which is controlled in expansion coefficient, Young's modulus and proof stress value.

Abstract: The present invention relates to improved coatings for electrical or electronic connectors such as contacts or terminals used in automotive applications. Coatings in accordance with the present invention preferably comprise binary tin-silver coatings consisting of more than 1.0 wt % to about 20 wt %, preferably from 2.0 wt % to 15 wt %, and most preferably from 3.0 wt % to 10 wt %, silver and the balance essentially tin. The coating is preferably applied by immersing the substrate material in a molten tin-silver bath.

Abstract: A metal contact for a copper alloy surface, comprising: electroplated barrier layer having a thickness ranging from about 0.00001 inch to about 0.

Abstract: An OLED device including a substrate, an anode formed of a conductive material over the substrate, and an emissive layer having an electroluminescent material provided over the anode. The OLED device also includes either an ultrathin cathode over the emissive layer, a thin interlayer over the ultrathin cathode and a reflecting layer over the thin interlayer, or the thin interlayer over the emissive layer and a reflecting layer containing an electron-injecting dopant over the thin interlayer.

Abstract: A polarized organic photonics device, including an LED or photovoltaic device, is comprised of a first conductive layer or electrode coated with a friction transferred alignment material, a photoactive material, and a second electrically conductive layer or electrode. The alignment material provides for the orientation of the subsequently deposited photoactive material such that the photoactive material interacts with or emits light preferentially along a selected polarization axis. Additional layers and sublayers optimize and tune the optical and electronic responses of the device.

Abstract: An in-plane magnetic recording medium includes a resin substrate and an underlayer, the resin substrate formed without requiring a complex manufacturing process and having an optimum surface smoothness. The underlayer provides a satisfactory in-plane orientation property to a magnetic film, whereby high coercive force and high S/N ratio are provided in the magnetic recording medium, thus making the magnetic recording medium suitable for high density recording. The in-plane magnetic recording medium includes at least a substrate made of resin, an underlayer made of an alloy of Ti and tungsten W, an intermediate layer having a hexagonal close-packed structure, a magnetic film mainly composed of Co, a protecting film and a lubricant coat, successively provided one on another. The underlayer is made of an alloy of Ti containing W between 25 and 60 atomic percent, and the thickness thereof falls within 5 nm and 25 nm.

Abstract: A novel gypsum board having antifungal properties is disclosed. The board comprises a gypsum core, front and back paper facings and an antifungal agent effective at inhibiting fungal growth. A preferred antifungal agent is cetyl pyridinium chloride. The antifungal agent can be present in the gypsum core and/or on one or both of the paper facings. In addition, the antifungal agent may be encapsulated in a material that releases the antifungal agent over time and/or upon exposure to moisture. Also disclosed are methods for preparing the aforementioned antifungal gypsum board.

Abstract: A hybrid power device having three electrodes and a method for fabricating the same are provided. The hybrid power device includes a lithium secondary battery and a supercapacitor in a cell and has three electrodes. The three electrodes have a common electrode including a positive electrode of the lithium secondary battery, which is as the positive electrode of the supercapacitor, a negative electrode of the lithium secondary battery including lithium metal and the other electrode of the supercapacitor. This hybrid power device is superior to that of a lithium secondary battery, and further is more economical and practical than a case where a lithium secondary battery and a supercapacitor are individually fabricated and used as a hybrid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electric power generator and its operation method, which electric power generator is equipped with a hydrogen generator, a polymer electrolyte fuel cell for generating electric power using hydrogen rich gas from the hydrogen generator, a burner for burning the hydrogen generator, a flow rate controller for controlling the supply amount of a burning fuel to the burner, a communicating pathway connecting the flow rate controller and the burner, a joint where at least a residual fuel gas from a fuel electrode of the fuel cell and/or an incompletely generated gas from the hydrogen generator are combined into the communicating pathway, and a pressure-transferring pipe for releasing the pressure between the joint and the flow rate controller into the flow rate controller; the electric power generator being characterized in that the flow rate controller controls the supply amount of the burning fuel on the basis of the above-mentioned pressure.

Abstract: A metal fuel cell system is described for providing backup power to one or more loads upon the occurrence of a power outage condition, which includes a disruption or discontinuation in the delivery of primary power (i.e., power from a primary source, namely, a source other than the metal fuel cell system) to the one or more loads. A controller senses outage of primary power to the one or more loads, and, responsive thereto, operatively engages one or more metal fuel cells to provide power to the one or more loads.

Abstract: A fuel cell system is described for providing backup power to one or more loads (including without limitation a cooling unit) upon the occurrence of a power outage condition, which includes a disruption or discontinuation in the delivery of primary power (i.e., power from a primary source, namely, a source other than the fuel cell system) to the one or more loads.

Abstract: An anode stream recirculation system for a fuel cell, the fuel cell including an anode gas input and an anode gas output, the anode stream recirculation system comprising: an anode gas supply; a switch connected with the anode gas supply; a pressure regulating device connected between the switch and the anode gas input of the fuel cell; a diaphragm pump connected between the anode gas output and the anode gas input of the fuel cell thereby forming an anode gas recirculation; wherein the diaphragm pump has at least a sensor electrically connected with the switch.

Abstract: Fuel cells and methods of operating same are provided. In an embodiment, fuel cells include cylinders each provided with a spiral form groove portion in the surface thereof and disposed in air supply or exhaust pipes are rotated, wherein the amount of air supplied to power generation cells can be sequentially increased on a cell-by-cell basis, and water formed at the power generation cells can be discharged by sequentially raising the pressure of air. In this regard, each power generation cell is constantly supplied with not less than a fixed quantity of air, thus stable power generation can be achieved.

Abstract: A fuel cell installation containing a gas generation system, for the production of a hydrogen-containing gas, and a fuel cell system, which comprises a fuel cell, a compressor, an expander that is coupled with the compressor and a burner, the exhaust gases of which are directed to the expander. The gas generation system and the fuel cell system are designed as independent modules with respect to the supply of energy and process streams. Energy storage and energy conversion devices are arranged between the expander and the compressor in the fuel cell system.

Abstract: The invention relates to a solid oxide fuel cell which comprises a solid electrolyte comprised of an electronic insulator which allows transfer of anions, a ceramic-metal composite anode and a cathode. The fuel cell also comprises a sulfur-containing hydrocarbon fuel having a sulfur content of from about 1 ppm to about 5000 ppm and an oxygen source. The invention further relates to a process of producing electrical energy with the fuel cell and a process of restoring the operability of a fuel cell that was deactivated by sulfur poisoning.

Abstract: A fuel battery cell is provided which comprises: an internal electrode and an external electrode respectively with predetermined lengths which are coaxially disposed while leaving a predetermined space between the internal electrode and the external electrode; and a composite layer with a predetermined length, comprising an electrolyte layer and internal and external catalyst layers provided respectively on both sides of the electrolyte layer. In this case, the composite layer is disposed in a predetermined space between the internal electrode and the external electrode while providing a gas passage between the composite layer and the internal electrode and providing a gas passage between the composite layer and the external electrode. In the composite layer, the surface of the internal catalyst layer on its gas passage side and the surface of the external catalyst layer on its gas passage side are covered respectively with waterproof layers.

Abstract: The invention provides an ion conducting membrane comprising dendrimeric polymers covalently linked into a network structure. The dendrimeric polymers of the invention have acid functional terminal groups and may be covalently linked via linking compounds, cross-coupling reactions, or copolymerization reactions. The invention also provides methods for producing the ion conducting membranes and fuel cells made from the membranes.

Abstract: A separator for fuel cells is provided, which has excellent electrical conductivity, mechanical strength and gas impermeability. The separator is a molded article of a carbon-phenol resin molding compound obtained by reacting a phenol with an aldehyde in the presence of a catalyst, while mixing them with a carbon powder. As the catalyst, it is possible to use at least one selected from tertiary amines, carbonates, hydroxides and oxides of alkali metals or alkali earth metals. It is preferred that a content of nitrogen constituent in the molding compound is 0.3 wt % or less, and a carbon content in the molding compound is within a range of 75 wt % to 97 wt %.

Abstract: A lithium secondary battery, includes: a cylindrical battery case (16) provided with electrode caps at both end portions thereof; an electrode body (1) impregnated with a nonaqueous electrolyte solution and contained in the battery case and including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator, the positive electrode and the negative electrode being wound or laminated through the separator; and moreover, an elastic body (23) disposed between the battery case (16) and the electrode caps with portions in which the battery case (16) contacts the elastic body (23) being brought into press-contact to form a caulked portion to seal the battery case (16). With Rbody (mm) being diameter of a body part of the battery case (16), Rtop (mm) being diameter of the caulked portion, Rbody and Rtop fulfill relationship of Rbody>Rtop.

Abstract: Safety battery (10) includes cathode (21) and attached cover (15) that enclose anode (41). Cover (15) includes via (16) for providing access to anode (41). Anode (41) is protected by penetrable insulation medium (48).

Abstract: There is proposed a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery having an electrode assembly which is impregnated with a non-aqueous electrolyte solution, wherein the battery can be made thin while maintaining improved capacity, large-current characteristics and cycle life.

Abstract: Nickel hydroxide material comprising particles with a microstructure including crystallites of less than 103 Å as measured in the 101 direction by x-ray diffraction.

Abstract: The process for preparing spinel-type lithium manganate according to the present invention is constituted by a process to admix the electrolyzed manganese dioxide, which is obtained by neutralizing manganese dioxide precipitated by means of electrolysis with any of potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate and lithium hydroxide, and a lithium material and a process to subject the resulting mixture to a sintering process.

Abstract: Lead acid batteries and related compositions and methods are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention is a positive electrode active material that can be used in secondary lithium and lithium-ion batteries to provide the power capability, i.e., the ability to deliver or retake energy in short periods of time, desired for large power applications such as power tools, electric bikes and hybrid electric vehicles. The positive electrode active material of the invention includes at least one electron conducting compound of the formula LiM1x-y{A}yOz and at least one electron insulating and lithium ion conducting lithium metal oxide, wherein M1 is a transition metal, {A} is represented by the formula &Sgr;wiBi wherein Bi is an element other than M1 used to replace the transition metal M1 and wi is the fractional amount of element Bi in the total dopant combination such that &Sgr;wi=1; Bi is a cation in LiM1x-y{A}yOz; 0.95≦x≦2.10; 0≦y≦x/2; and 1.90≦z≦4.20.

Abstract: A negative electrode for a rechargeable battery including: a current collector, a first layer containing a conductive material to occlude and release lithium ion, the first layer formed on the current collector, a second layer containing a metal selected from lithium and lithium alloy, the second layer formed on the first layer, and a third layer containing a lithium ion. conductive material, the third layer formed on the second layer. The third layer prevents the lithium and/or the lithium alloy in the second layer from being in contact with the electrolyte and smoothly feeds the lithium to the second layer to improve the efficiency of the negative electrode. The first layer can occlude and release the part of the lithium to be occluded and released, thereby reducing the volume change of the second layer. Such a structure of the negative electrode enables us to enhance cycling efficiency, and to attain long cycle life and good safety.

Abstract: The performance of electrochemical energy devices such as batteries, fuel cells, capacitors and sensors is enhanced by the use of electrically conducting ceramic materials in the form of fibers, powder, chips and substrates.

Abstract: There is provided a method of evaluating an electrode body impregnated with a non-aqueous electrolyte, comprising a positive electrode and a negative electrode wound or laminated with a separator inserted in between. The discharge limit of the electrode body is evaluated by means of affinity of the non-aqueous electrolyte for the separator. This method is capable of selecting an optimal combination between a separator and non-aqueous electrolyte and evaluating a discharge limit of the electrode body before finally manufacturing a lithium secondary cell.

Abstract: A method of forming an electrochemical cell is disclosed. The method comprises contacting a negative pole layer and a positive pole layer one with the other or with an optional layer interposed therebetween. The pole layers and the optional layer therebetween are selected so as to self-form an interfacial separator layer between the pole layers upon such contacting.

Abstract: The present invention is an invention providing a photographic emulsion surface protective layer transfer sheet, characterized by having on one surface of a releasable support a photographic emulsion surface protective layer which is adhesive and in an uncured state, and characterized in that the photographic emulsion surface protective layer in an uncured state comprises an ionized radiation-curable resin composition containing a hydrophilic group-containing monofunctional (meth)acrylate and a polyfunctional (meth)acrylate. This transfer sheet can have an adhesive layer excellent in scratch resistance, close adhesion to an emulsion surface and solvent resistance. Therefore, when this transfer sheet is used particularly for forming a protective layer on the emulsion surface of a photomask, the photomask capable of long-term consistent use is obtained.