Abstract: A method of using ultrasonic reflectance to characterize physical properties of fluids, particularly food solutions. In general, the method comprises the steps of: (a) generating longitudinal ultrasonic waves, (b) coupling the transducer to the fluid being investigated, (c) detecting the reflected longitudinal waves, and (d) determining the physical property of interest by correlating certain characteristics of the reflected ultrasonic waves with the physical property being measured. A particular aspect of the invention is a self-calibrating ultrasonic device useful as a solids concentration sensor and/or a dissolution/precipitation sensor. Self calibration is accomplished via a twin delay line. The invention is particularly useful as an on-line sensor in the processing of food solutions such as milk, ketchup, syrup, chocolate and other confectionary.

Abstract: A scramjet has a cowl, a center structure, and a plurality of wide pylons connecting the cowl to the center structure, with scramjet engines positioned between adjacent pylons. Leading surfaces of adjacent pylons converge to one another to provide side wall compression to air entering the engines. The center structure includes a fore body, a center body and an aft body that, with the pylons, define a basic structure either formed entirely from one piece or several securely connected pieces. A method of testing the scramjet projectile comprises using a gun to accelerate the scramjet projectile to the takeover velocity of the engines.

Abstract: A method for monitoring slide bearings (8, 10, 11) of a crank mechanism (12) of a piston engine is described, comprising at least one cylinder (1) whose piston (2) is drivably connected with a crankshaft (4) via a connecting rod (5) which is loaded alternatingly under tension and under pressure by the piston (2) in the zone of a dead center of the crank mechanism (12) depending on the cycle of the piston engine, with an operating parameter which changes on the occurrence of bearing damage being repeatedly measured and evaluated. In order to provide advantageous conditions for the method it is proposed that the piston position is measured at the dead center of the crank mechanism (12) under pressure load of the connecting rod (5) on the one hand and under tensile load of the connecting rod (5) on the other hand and the difference between the piston positions for the tensile and pressure load is evaluated.

Abstract: A misfire detecting device and method detects a misfiring state of an engine. A memory stores misfire-frequency data relating to a frequency of occurrence of a misfire of the engine, and a controller determines, on the basis of the misfire-frequency data, whether the misfiring state of the engine has occurred. The controller initiates a misfire detecting operation of detecting an occurrence of the misfire of the engine when a predetermined first condition is satisfied, and initializes the misfire-frequency data stored in the memory when a predetermined second condition is satisfied. The first condition indicates that the engine has entered into its firing state by cranking of the engine for starting thereof, while the second condition indicates that the engine has failed to enter into its firing state by the cranking. The misfire detecting device permits accurate detection of the misfiring state of the engine, irrespective of repeated cranking operations of the engine due to its repeated firing failures.

Abstract: Valve overlap of an engine having an intake cam and exhaust cam is measured using an apparatus including: a rotating angle detecting unit comprising a first detector for detecting a rotating angle of the intake cam, and a second detector for detecting a rotating angle of the exhaust cam; and a processor for receiving detected signals from the rotating angle detecting unit and for calculating valve overlap of the engine based on the received signals.

Abstract: A fuel vapor control system has a controller that carries out a leak check processing after the engine is stopped. The controller includes a device that intermittently activates the controller itself or a part of the controller to sample an internal pressure of the fuel vapor passage. Then, after a predetermined time, the controller determines that whether the sampled values of the internal pressure indicate a leak or not by evaluating the sampled values. According to the arrangement, since at least a part of the controller is activated intermittently, the consumption of electricity can be reduced. The fuel vapor control system has a canister valve and a purge valve made of normally close type valves in order to reduce the consumption of electricity after the engine is stopped.

Abstract: A pressure-changing device of a leak check system for a fuel vapor treatment system has a pressure chamber formed in a peripheral space of a communicating path connecting a pump with an electromagnetic valve, the pressure chamber being deviated from flow delivered by the pump. The electromagnetic valve is opened to connect the communicating path with a canister. Then, a purge valve is closed and the pump is turned on to change pressure in a fuel vapor path. A pressure sensor attached on a side wall of the pressure chamber detects pressure in the communicating path to determine pressure in the fuel vapor path. The leak check system judges existence of leak in the fuel vapor treatment system from pressure in the fuel vapor path.

Abstract: An acceptance tester for a fuel rail seal gland drops a weight to drive a simulated fuel injector dynamically at the opening of a seal gland to be tested, simulating accurately the mechanics of insertion of an injector into the gland on a production line. The force of insertion may be varied by varying the weight to be dropped, the height from which the weight is to be dropped, or both. A “pass” is indicated when the simulated injector and O-ring are inserted into the gland without damage to the gland or O-ring. A “fail” is indicated when the simulated injector and O-ring either fail to be inserted into the gland or damage the gland during insertion. A maximum acceptance force for a given combination of gland and fuel injector can easily be determined empirically. A continuous process for plating fuel rails may be readily controlled by testing plated glands at statistically significant intervals, permitting operators to accurately monitor plating thickness inferentially.

Abstract: A method is described for monitoring slide bearings (10, 6, 9), especially of a piston engine, with a forced feed lubrication (12) comprising a forced-oil line (16) and branch lines (17) branching off from the forced-oil line (16) for the supply with oil of at least one slide bearing (10, 6, 9), with an operating parameter which changes on the occurrence of bearing damage being repeatedly measured and evaluated. In order to provide advantageous process conditions it is proposed that the rates of oil flow and/or the oil pressures in the branch lines (17) are measured and temporal changes to said operating parameters are evaluated for monitoring the bearing.

Abstract: A method for estimating a friction coefficient between a tire of a vehicle and a road surface, which may be used in obtaining a safety distance for an adaptive vehicle, estimating the friction coefficient by using state variables that are measured by means of RPM sensors normally equipped on vehicles. A device for estimating a friction coefficient has a control section receiving signals from a braking/steering monitoring section and outputting the friction coefficient stored in a friction coefficient value storage when both or either of a braking action and a steering action are applied to the vehicle, and outputting the friction coefficient estimated by a friction coefficient estimator when the braking action and the steering action are not applied to the vehicle.

Abstract: A wheel cover is disclosed. The wheel cover reduces the drag and operating temperatures of a tire/wheel arrangement. The wheel cover includes an exhaust port, a bridge section located over the exhaust port, and a pressure sensor arrangement disposed on the bridge section.

Abstract: The subject of the invention is a probe for an aircraft, making it possible in particular to measure the total temperature of the air flow surrounding the aircraft. The probe comprises a moving vane (1) intended to orientate itself in the axis (8) of an air flow surrounding the moving vane (1) and, fixed to the moving vane, means (10, 13, 16) for measuring the total temperature of the air flow.

Abstract: A device for determining density of a material flowing in a conveying system includes a duct segment in fluid communication with the conveying system. The duct segment is coupled to the conveying system by isolation fittings, which allow the weight of the duct segment to be measured independent of the weight of adjacent portions of the conveying system. Further, a method for determining density of a material flowing in a conveying system includes weighing a duct segment having material free fluid flowing therein. The duct segment having a mixture of material and fluid flowing therein is also weighed. The difference of the two weights is used to determine a linear density of the material.

Abstract: A wheel mounting member is adapted for use in a vehicle wheel balancer to secure a vehicle wheel in a centered position relative to a centering shaft of the wheel balancer during wheel-balancing rotation of the wheel. The mounting member includes a base constructed of a polymeric material, and defining a center hole for receiving the centering shaft of the wheel balancer. A plurality of elongated wheel-engaging centering studs depend from the base, and are adapted for engaging the vehicle wheel to mount the wheel on the balancer.

Abstract: A bearing assembly tachometer device for attachment to a rotating shaft which comprises bearing target members disposed between a rotating inner ring member and a non-rotating outer ring to reduce friction therebetween, and a sensing device such as a Hall Effect sensor for detecting passage of the bearing target members as the inner ring member rotates, where the bearing target members are fixed in equidistant circumferential position about the inner ring member such that each said bearing target member rotates about the central axis of the inner ring member the same number of rotations as the inner ring member itself.

Abstract: A mechanical resonator device which has a phenomena-dependent electrical stiffness is provided. The phenomena may be temperature or acceleration, for example. The device includes a substrate and a resonator supported above the substrate by supports. The device further includes an electrode supported above the substrate adjacent the resonator by supports to obtain an electrode-to-resonator gap wherein electrical stiffness generated across the gap is phenomena-dependent to take instability of resonant frequency of the device caused by the phenomena into consideration.

Abstract: Internal combustion engines and electric motors in motor vehicles generate, at all operating points, airborne emissions and solid-borne emissions, which are superimposed in the interior of the vehicle and perceived as engine noise by the occupants. To differentiate quantitatively between airborne and solid-borne portions of engine noise, sound measurement are made in the vehicle interior and engine compartment both with air and when the engine compartment is flooded with a gas having different acoustic characteristics than air. From analysis of the two measurements, the solid-borne portion and the airborne portion of the engine noise can be determined with a high degree of precision.

Abstract: An ultrasonic distance-measuring method and device using variable-length transmitted pulses. For this purpose, the length of each of the transmitted pulses is adjusted such that it is approximately proportional to the measured time interval of a transmitted pulse between the transmitter and an obstruction or object. The method can be used in particular for measuring the distance between the rear panel of a utility vehicle and a loading platform.

Abstract: The present invention aims, in a measuring instrument of the pressure in a combustor using a pressure conduit and damping tube and being composed so that a pressure sensor is provided at a location with some distance from the combustion gas in the combustor by way of the pressure conduit, to prevent condensation of the moisture in the damping tube and make it possible to measure the pressure in the combustor always accurately.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for determining the wheel loading of a motor vehicle wheel, with an attached air spring, with the aid of which the vehicle chassis is suspended relative to the motor vehicle wheel, including the following steps: a stationary wheel loading is calculated from the product of the effective cross-sectional area of the air spring and the pressure therein; a dynamic wheel loading is calculated from the product of the spring stiffness of the air spring and the deflection from the rest position thereof; the wheel loading is determined by adding the stationary and dynamic wheel loadings.

Abstract: A pinch detection system and method controls the speed of a motor moving an object by first calculating the actual motor force and then comparing the actual motor force with a reference force value in a reference field. A pinch condition is indicated if the difference between the actual force and the reference force exceeds a selected pinch threshold. The difference is also used to update the reference field, the pinch threshold and the desired speed of the motor so that the reference field will eventually reflect the actual force profile of the object. The updated pinch threshold is also used to control the motor speed so that the pinching force remains constant regardless of the pinch threshold value.

Abstract: A variably amplified load indicating fastener includes fastener (100) detachably secured to a load indicator via a base member. The fastener (100) has an abutment which is moved by a change in length under an applied load. The load indicator includes a dial plate (16), a needle (24) pivotally supported by the plate (16), a compensating slot (36), a driving slot an elongated U-shaped element (50) disposed in the direction in which the load is applied when the fastener (100) is in use, and a first reference mark (40a). One side of the U is rigidly attached to the fastener. The closed end of the U is proximate to and movable by the abutment. The other side of the U extends through the compensating slot (36) and the driving slot (26). The needle (24) is operatively coupled to the outer end of said second side. A sleeve with a second reference mark fits over the outer circumference of both the load indicator and the base member.

Abstract: The present invention is intended to achieve measurement of electrode impedance that is not easily affected by fluid noise, and to accurately detect adhesion and discriminate the type of fluid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and a device for measuring volume flow rates of liquid phase components and gas and determination their volume concentrations in a multiphase mixture along a pipeline. Measurements are executed with an ultrasonic system which includes a set of local acoustic transducers arranged in the interior of the pipeline. Each pair of an emitter and a receiver of the transducer forms a sampling volume of a medium being under control. Volume concentrations of mixture components are determined by timing of passage of acoustic pulses through the sampling volume of the medium. Volume flow rates of the mixture components are calculated by measuring phase velocities and volume concentrations in two pipeline divisions with different cross-section areas located in series at a distance one from the other in flow direction.

Abstract: A flow meter, such as a gas meter, for measuring the flow velocity and/or the volumetric through-flow of fluids. The flow meter has a body with connecting flanges for connecting the meter to a pipeline for the fluids. The meter has a tubular center piece that, on its exterior, has at least two receptacles, each of which receives a measuring device. The measuring devices are coupled to a signal processing unit. Electrical cabling between the measuring devices (probes) and the signal processing unit is completely covered against damage from the exterior by partially guiding the cables through bores in walls of the center piece of the flow meter and by covering portions of the cable and protruding sections of the probes with a cap.

Abstract: A physical amount estimating apparatus including first outputting means for outputting a first physical amount that does not include a hysteresis characteristic, second outputting means for outputting a second physical amount that has a predetermined physical relationship to the first physical amount and includes a hysteresis characteristic, hysteresis removing means for calculating a corrected value with the hysteresis characteristic removed therefrom based on the second physical amount, and estimating means for estimating a third physical amount based on a physical relationship between the first physical amount and the corrected value.

Abstract: A flexible tactile sensor, comprising a flexible distributed array of force sensors that generate electric signals in response to an applied load, a flexible, electrically-insulating matrix having outer faces, one face against the array of force sensors, and a plurality of spaced electrically conductive pathways through the matrix between its faces, with insulating matrix material between the pathways, to carry the electric signals generated by the force sensors to the other face of the matrix.

Abstract: A rotation sensor provided with a first rotor fixed to a shaft, a second rotor fixed to the same or other shaft and adjoining the first rotor, and a core having a resonance coil, arranged around the first rotor, and which coil forms a magnetic circuit working with the first rotor. The first rotor is formed of a magnetic material comprising an insulator; an irregular magnetic field is formed with the core; and the second rotor is provided with a conductor cutting across areas of different intensities of the irregular magnetic field in accordance with the difference of the angle of rotation when a difference in the angle of relative rotation occurs at a shaft position where the first rotor is fixed and at a shaft position where the second rotor is fixed.

Abstract: A rotation sensor provided with a first rotor fixed to a shaft, a second rotor fixed to the same or other shaft and adjoining the first rotor, and a core having a resonance coil, arranged around the first rotor, and which coil forms a magnetic circuit working with the first rotor. The first rotor is formed of a magnetic material comprising an insulator; an irregular magnetic field is formed with the core; and the second rotor is provided with a conductor cutting across areas of different intensities of the irregular magnetic field in accordance with the difference of the angle of rotation when a difference in the angle of relative rotation occurs at a shaft position where the first rotor is fixed and at a shaft position where the second rotor is fixed.

Abstract: To provide a diagnostic method of a seat load measuring apparatus for detecting an abnormality of the seat load measuring apparatus, outputs of load sensors 1R, 1L are inputted into a differential amplifier 4 through a multiplexer 3, converted into digital signals by a A/D converter 5, and then inputted into the MPU 6. An offset correction amount is added into the input of the differential amplifier 3 from the MPU 6 through a D/A converter 10. First, the output of the differential amplifier 4 is measured in a state in which no load is applied to a seat and a value thus measured is assumed as X1. After a predetermined load is applied to the seat, the output of the differential amplifier 4 is measured and a value thus measured is assumed as Y1. It is judged that a difference between X1 and Y1 is in a predetermined range between A1 and B1. When the difference between X1 and Y1 is not in the range between A1 and B1, an alarm indicating abnormality is emitted.

Abstract: A combination purging system and sampling system is provided for sampling gas from a pipeline. A flow path 40 provides fluid communication between a sample bottle 45 and the pipeline. The sample bottle 45 is initially filled with an inert gas for purging air from the flow path 40 and venting to atmosphere. A supply valve 46 controls flow between the pipeline and the flow path 40, and a bleed valve 35 controls venting from the flow path 40 to atmosphere. The relationship and positioning between the valves and the flow path prevents condensation from entering the sampled gas while purging and sampling.

Abstract: A rotary joint mechanism for connecting two machine parts to effect relative movement between the two machine parts includes an outer ring adapted to be connected to a rotatable machine part, and an inner ring adapted to be connected to a fixed machine part, with the outer ring being rotatable relative to the inner ring. The outer surface of the outer ring is provided with a mechanism for transferring force from at least one cable element to the outer ring to effect rotation of the outer ring relative to the inner ring.

Abstract: A transmission, in particular an automated shift transmission, includes a plurality of selectable and deselectable gear stages for implementing gear changes. The selection and deselection of the gear stages is achieved with the aid of coupling units, in particular with the aid of engageable and disengageable sliding collars. The coupling units are activatable via respective shift rails and respective actuators. The shifting times are reduced and a compact construction of the transmission is achieved by virtue of the fact that a plurality of gear stages is assigned to at least two different shift rails in such a way that respective successive gear stages are assigned to respective different shift rails. As a result, the respective shift rails can be activated at least partially simultaneously in the case of a sequential gear change. A method for controlling a transmission is also provided.

Abstract: A transmission system for an electric carrier includes a power source, a speed-reducing gear set, two parallel shafts rotated by the power source, two transmitting members fixed on the two shafts in a vertical condition. A one-way bearing is provided between each transmitting member and the shaft. And a carrier wheel is fixed on an output axle driven by the transmitting members. Clockwise and counterclockwise rotation of the power source with cooperation of the one-way bearings enables the transmitting course change the speed of the electric carrier, lowering the cost and saving energy.

Abstract: Screw actuator (1, 71), in particular brake actuator, comprising a hollow screw (14, 45, 51, 63, 74) which is driven in rotation and a nut (10, 72) which can thereby be displaced in the axial direction and in the case of a brake actuator acts as a piston (19). Rotary elements (23) are accommodated in the grooves delimited between screw and nut. There are means for recirculating these rotary elements. These means comprise a recess (47, 52, 58, 64) in the screw. This recess decreases in size in the direction towards the center axis of the grooves. This recess may comprise a wall aperture between two adjacent screws. It is also possible to arrange a tube which connects two recesses of this type. A further option consists in fitting an insert part in a recess in the screw.

Abstract: A fastening device for fixing a cable to a shift actuating means or a transmission of a motor vehicle is presented, which has a jacket end piece (5) jacketing the cable and a mounting element (6) accommodating the jacket end piece at the shift actuating means or the transmission. The fastening device is characterized according to the present invention in that the jacket end piece (5) has a circular groove (13) and the mounting element (6) has at least one projection (16, 17) engaging the groove in the fixed state of the cable (1), and that the mounting element (6) is provided with at least one spring element (7, 8) located in a plane extending in parallel to the plane of the groove.

Abstract: A position sensor for an electronic control pedal is carried by the pedal mounting bracket and includes a linear potentiometer having a slider operable along a substrate in only a linear direction for providing an output voltage representative of slider displacement. A drive arm is connected to the pedal shaft for rotation during pedal movement. A coupler connected to the slider is slidable within a slot in the drive arm for providing the linear displacement through a rotational movement of the shaft. The drive arm has an inner arm in a telescoping connection with an outer arm for setting the drive arm at a desired length after potentiometer calibration. The longitudinal axis of the slot is at an non-zero angle to the longitudinal axis of the drive arm for desensitizing the sensor calibration and adjustment process.

Abstract: A titanium pedal crank and bottom bracket spindle mounting arrangement in which the bottom bracket spindle has an oversized diameter and an oversized tapered end to minimize the flex naturally associated with titanium spindles and to speed up the manufacturing process; the cranks are designed with an oversized square through pocket in communication with the spindle and an I-beam design; the mounting star is pressed fitted and TIG welded to the right-hand crank. The larger radiuses on both the spindle and in the square tapered crank hole speed up the machining process and reduce the cost of manufacture.

Abstract: A carbon fiber bicycle crank includes an axle lug, having a portion for receiving a crank axle. A foam core is coupled to the axle lug during a first molding process. A pedal engaging lug is coupled to the foam core after the completion of the first molding process, and a carbon fiber composite material exoskeleton is coupled to and disposed exteriorly of the axle lug, foam core and pedal lug.

Abstract: A bicycle pedal assembly includes a pedal and a cleat. The pedal includes a body that rotates about a shaft. Front and rear clamping member are coupled to opposite ends of the pedal body. Each of the clamping members has an engagement surface facing in a first direction. The cleat has front and rear attachment portions that are selectively engageable with the pedal via the front and rear clamping members. Specifically, the front and rear attachment portions have front and rear offset coupling surfaces engageable with the front and rear engagement surfaces. The pedal and the cleat are configured to form a rear float pivot axis on a rear side of a center rotation axis of the pedal and a front cleat release pivot axis on a front side of the center rotation axis.

Abstract: A bicycle pedal assembly includes a pedal and a cleat. The pedal includes a body that rotates about a shaft. Front and rear clamping member are coupled to opposite ends of the pedal body. Each of the clamping members has an engagement surface facing in a first direction. The cleat has front and rear attachment portions that are selectively engageable with the pedal via the front and rear clamping members. Specifically, the front and rear attachment portions have front and rear offset coupling surfaces engageable with the front and rear engagement surfaces. The pedal and the cleat are configured to form a rear float pivot axis on a rear side of a center rotation axis of the pedal and a front cleat release pivot axis on a front side of the center rotation axis.

Abstract: A bicycle pedal assembly includes a pedal and a cleat. The pedal includes a pedal body that rotates about a shaft and front and rear clamping members coupled to opposite ends of the pedal body. The cleat has front and rear attachment portions that are selectively engageable with the pedal via the front and rear clamping members. The pedal and the cleat are configured to form a laterally shiftable floating pivot axis such that the bicycle shoe cleat pivots and laterally shifts about the floating pivot axis relative to the pedal body through predetermined ranges of pivotal and lateral movements without releasing the bicycle shoe cleat from the bicycle pedal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a torque transmission device with at least a first, at least a second and at least a third shaft, whereby said torque transmission device comprises at least one drive mechanism which may be switched into different operating states.

Abstract: A biaxially textured alloy article having a magnetism less than pure Ni includes a rolled and annealed compacted and sintered powder-metallurgy preform article, the preform article having been formed from a powder mixture selected from the group of mixtures consisting of: at least 60 at % Ni powder and at least one of Cr powder, W powder, V powder, Mo powder, Cu powder, Al powder, Ce powder, YSZ powder, Y powder, Mg powder, and RE powder; the article having a fine and homogeneous grain structure; and having a dominant cube oriented {100}<100>orientation texture; and further having a Curie temperature less than that of pure Ni.

Abstract: A biaxially textured alloy article having a magnetism less than pure Ni includes a rolled and annealed compacted and sintered powder-metallurgy preform article, the preform article having been formed from a powder mixture selected from the group of mixtures consisting of: at least 60 at %Ni powder and at least one of Cr powder, W powder, V powder, Mo powder, Cu powder, Al powder, Ce powder, YSZ powder, Y powder, Mg powder, and RE powder; the article having a fine and homogeneous grain structure; and having a dominant cube oriented {100}<100>orientation texture; and further having a Curie temperature less than that of pure Ni.

Abstract: The present invention is a process for producing nanosized metal compounds. The preferred product is nanosized copper, nanosized copper (I) oxide, and nanosized copper (II) oxide. The process includes heating a copper metal precursor in a hydrocarbon preferably selected from alkylated benzenes, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, paraffins and/or naphthenic hydrocarbons. The heating is desirably at a temperature and time effective to convert, for example, the copper metal precursor to nanosized copper (II) oxide, nanosized copper (I) oxide and/or nanosized copper metal. Separation of the hydrocarbon is then performed. Recovering the solid product and recycle/reuse of the recovered hydrocarbon in subsequent preparations of nanosized metal and metal oxides may be performed. The nanosized metal oxides of the invention may additionally be converted to nanosized metal salts by reaction with the appropriate acids while dispersed in the hydrocarbons.

Abstract: Processes for recovering gold from copper-gold ores thiosulfate leaching or gold ores copper catalyzed thiosulfate leaching using ion exchange technology are disclosed. The processes include subjecting the gold-bearing and copper-bearing thiosulfate solution to a pH and/or temperature adjustment to reduce tetrathionate concentration in the thiosulfate solution prior to contacting with an ion exchange resin. The ion exchange resin once loaded with gold and optionally copper is eluted with a mixture of sodium tetrathionate, ammonium thiosulfate and sodium sulfite. Gold and optionally copper are recovered from the eluate by electrowinning or precipitation.

Abstract: A method is provided by which rice hull ash is pelletized for use in steelmaking The rice hull ash is blended with lime or dolime, and also with a mixture of water and molasses. This generates heat as the lime and water react to form lime hydroxide, a known binder. The heat thus generated reduces the energy required for drying the pellets.

Abstract: A ratcheting wrench comprises a handle and a head extending from the handle. A cavity is defined between a first side and a second side of the handle. A transverse hole is defined in the first side of the handle and communicated with the cavity. A drive member is rotatably mounted in a hole of the head. A block is mounted in the cavity of the handle, and a fixing member extends through the transverse hole of the handle and retains the block in the cavity. A pawl is mounted in the cavity of the handle. An elastic element is attached between the block and the pawl for biasing teeth of the pawl to engage with teeth of the drive member and for biasing the pawl to press against a wall defining the cavity of the handle.

Abstract: An apparatus for removing helical thread inserts having a removal notch formed along the female thread surface. The apparatus can selectively extract helical thread inserts by selectively engaging the removal notch and actuating the end of the insert radially inward to prevent the end of the insert from engaging threads of the bore which it is disposed in. The apparatus includes a handle, a head attached to the handle and a manually operable key. The head includes a hole formed in an offset location. A key having an engaging lip on the end is disposed in the hole and acting along a eccentric pattern to selectively engage the removal notch of the insert and allow for easier removal of the insert.