Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for making durable titanium dioxide pigment by vapor phase deposition of surface treatments on the titanium dioxide particle surface by reacting titanium tetrachloride vapor, an oxygen containing gas and aluminum chloride in a plug flow reactor to form a product stream containing titanium dioxide particles; and introducing silicon tetrachloride into the reactor at a point down stream of the point where the titanium tetrachloride and oxygen were contacted and where at least 97% of the titanium tetrachloride has been converted to titanium dioxide or where the reaction temperature is no greater than about 1200° C., and preferably not more than about 1100° C.

Abstract: The process for producing granular hematite particles of the present invention, comprises passing an oxygen-containing gas through an aqueous ferrous nitrate solution in the presence of iron materials and hematite seed crystals at a temperature of 80 to 90° C., thereby obtaining reddish brown precipitates containing granular hematite particles as a main component; subjecting the reddish brown precipitates to filtration, water-washing and then drying; and heat-treating the reddish brown precipitates in air at a temperature of 450 to 900° C. In accordance with the process of the present invention, the granular hematite particles exhibiting a high purity, a small equilibrium water content and a reduced oil absorption can be produced using inexpensive iron raw materials without use of a specific device such as autoclave in an industrially and economically useful manner.

Abstract: A high performance purified natural zeolite pigment composition for use in papermaking and paper coating is disclosed. Use of the pigment facilitates manufacture of coated ink jet and digital printing papers with improved quality and economics. The novel zeolite pigment composition can also be used as a supplementary pigment to improve the properties of coated paper and paperboard for flexographic and water-based gravure printing. When used as filler, the novel zeolite pigment composition is readily retained and eliminates print-through in uncoated papers. The novel zeolite pigment is low in abrasion and provides improved coefficient of friction. The novel zeolite pigment is also useful as a microparticulate retention aid in papermaking and as an additive to improve the performance of deinking processes.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to the use of phosphorescent pigments in cementious materials and allied applications, specifically in use for tile mortars and grouts, pool plasters, wall plasters, cementious roofing materials, cementious surface coatings, cement patches and self leveling compounds. The material will luminesce in the absence of an external source after irradiation with sunlight, visible, ultra-violet (UV) and/or infrared radiation without any degradation in the integrity of the cementious materials from their original applications. The cementious materials need to be capable of being applied by trowel, brush, or spray, forming a strong bond to the surface to which it has been applied. The phosphorescent material should be insoluble in water, compatible with cementious materials, remain fixed in the cementious material, effective at high pH, and produce a long lasting luminescence, for up to 8 to 12 hours, in the visible portion of the spectrum after exposure to a radiation source.

Abstract: The invention relates to grout powder for admixture with water to produce grout. The grout powder comprises cement powder and is characterized in that the grout powder has been mixed with a fluorochemical compound. The present invention further relates to a method of preparing grout powder for admixture with water to produce grout, comprising mixing grout powder comprising cement powder with a fluorochemical compound. Still further, the invention relates to an alternative method for making the grout powder, which method comprises treating at least one of the components of the grout powder with a fluorochemical compound.

Abstract: This invention is filling a need for allowing passengers, specificially children under the age of 12, a convenient method for activities that usually require a hard table like surface. Similiar devices are readily found in commercial airplanes known as seat back trays. The need arose for a table like surface for children while traveling long distances cross country by mini van. After an exhaustive search in various retail suppliers and the internet for an item to fulfill the need to allow children easy and convenient acces to a seat back tray, the following invention was developed. This device is a convenient and safe method to give rear seat passengers a method to pursue drawing, game playing and securing food items while the vehicle is in transit This then reduces distractions for the driver of the vehicle and allows rear seat passengers less chance of spilling food and creating messes.

Abstract: A base section for a collapsible container for transporting a liquid. The base section has a rectangular base with four sides, two opposite end sections and two opposite side sections pivotally connected to each side of the base, a top section pivotally connected to a side section or an end section, and a liner for storing a liquid. The base section includes a base frame with two opposite end bars, two opposite side bars, a number of cross bars connecting the side bars, with the base resting on the cross bars. Along two opposite sides on the base, vertical flanges are made which, in the free state of the base, have a larger mutual spacing at the top edges than the width of the base.

Abstract: A folding table includes support pedestals, side rails, and foldable support braces. Each of the support braces includes a rail connecting portion and a pedestal connecting portion. One of the pedestal connecting portion and the rail connecting portion of each of the support braces is formed with a notch, whereas the other of the pedestal connecting portion and the rail connecting portion of each of the support braces is formed with a projection extending into the notch to ensure that the support brace can be maintained at an extended state. Each of the support braces further includes a pivot fastener for connecting pivotally the pedestal connecting portion to the rail connecting portion, and a locking fastener to retain releasably the support brace at the extended state.

Abstract: Apparatus for securing a ventilated shelf to a vertical support such as a wall including a support bracket having a first end adapted to be secured to the vertical support at a point spaced vertically from the attachment of a rearward rod of the shelf to the vertical support structure. The first end includes a first end reinforcing rib functionally positioned so as to strengthen the first end portion and to substantially prevent the first end portion from bending. The support bracket also has a second end for lockingly engaging and supporting a front support rod of the shelf. The second end includes a support face for supporting the shelf against rotation in a first direction towards the vertical support structure and a gripping portion for engaging the front support rod of the shelf and inhibiting rotation of the shelf in a second direction towards the vertical support structure.

Abstract: A modular construction unit including an assembly of a multiplicity of interlocking blocks, at least one of the blocks including, on at least one male end, a male element adapted to be introduced partially and held in place in a concave female element provided in another one of said blocks. The male element has at one end thereof, a first part having in section an essentially circular form of a selected diameter Z and a locking part having in section an essentially square form of larger section to create at longitudinal ends of the first part protruding planes S1 and S2, the length of sides of the square form being essentially equal to the diameter Z of the first part and. The female element has an opening having in section an essentially square form and creating a protruding plane P1, the length of sides of the square form being essentially equal to the diameter Z of the first part, as well as at least one cavity having a section larger than the section of the opening and creating a protruding plane P2.

Abstract: The Refrigerator Safe is a lockable container of any shape or size which can be locked by any means and is placed in a refrigerated unit. Said container can be made of high-impact, injection molded, corrosion resistant plastic or any material and can be built into new refrigerators, freezers, coolers, or installed into existing refrigerated appliances. Specially designed hinges on the door allow for easy removable which is preferable for cleaning and non-use. The Refrigerator Safe can prevent access to tobacco, alcohol, certain medications, foods or any other items stored in it without denying access to the rest of the refrigerator. The Refrigerator Safe can be used to dispense, by various methods, medicine, food or other items by manually pushing or pulling a lever or by any other releasing mechanism including but not limited to mechanically wound clock like timing devices, battery or electrically operated timed release methods.

Abstract: A basic cooler any size, used as a safe for personal belongings, not food or drinks. The floor of the safe has two holes through it, one at each end. The holes are for two rods to go through so the safe is secured to the ground. The rods are made of steel ½″ thick. The rods are 21½″ long. 14½″ of it is in a corkscrew shape 2″ wide. From the corkscrew, there is a straight piece 5″ long, which goes to a handle. The handle is 2″ long. The carrying handles outside of the safe are removable, so there is nothing to use to pull the safe up from the ground. The cover to the safe has a combination lock on it.

Abstract: The method of carbonization of organic waste according to the present invention comprises the steps of supplying organic waste to a dryer, reducing an amount of water in the organic waste by heating with high-temperature gas, supplying the organic waste to a carbonization furnace for carbonizing the organic waste in a high-temperature ambience, removing carbide from the carbonization furnace, incinerating gas, which is generated in the carbonization furnace, in a re-incinerating furnace, and supplying combustion gas of the re-incinerating furnace to the dryer as the high-temperature gas.

Abstract: An incinerator, capable of withstanding internal shocks from projectiles resulting from the combustion of energetic materials, is made of a primary combustion chamber where the material is burned, and a secondary chamber to reburn at a higher temperature the gases emanating from the primary chamber. The incinerator has a heating or separation plate, having a flowing-material funnel facilitating the removal of waste solids, to provide heat exchange between the primary combustion chamber and a heating chamber, to protect the heating elements against projectiles, and to restrain any projectiles from exiting the unit. To increase the level of safety of operation, this incinerator is remotely controlled, has a sequence of ignition and has overpressure apertures over the primary chamber.

Abstract: The mobile furnace for removing foreign material, such as coatings, from workpieces. The mobile furnace includes burners for heating a combustion chamber of the furnace, and a burner control for operating the burners. The furnace is mounted on a wheeled vehicle or the like for transport to a worksite.

Abstract: A turf care system and method uses simultaneously fired pulses of high-pressure liquid jets of the mixture shot toward the ground. The liquid is mixed with dry grass seed shortly before being delivered to a high-pressure liquid/seed pumping system, which uses an accumulator and sequencing valve to produce at regular repetitive intervals pulses of the liquid/seed mixture under high pressure. The pulses are delivered to an elongated hydraulic manifold having multiple nozzles pointed downwardly, which are spaced from one another and the ground by predetermined distances. The momentum of the high-pressure jet of liquid/seed mixture issuing from each nozzle cuts through overlying vegetation to deposit the seeds into the crown of the soil at predetermined desired depth. Spray patterns are determined by nozzle orifice shape, and are preferably selected to provide a shallow knife slit-like opening or trench in the crown of the turf.

Abstract: Upon loading of oil cargo the ullage space of a tank of an oil tanker is sealed substantially gas tight with the gaseous contents of the ullage space both (i) initially inerted so as to be incapable of supporting combustion of any oil within the tank, and (ii) at an initial pressure less than atmosphere. The tank is preferably continued closed, preferably optionally with closed loop recirculation for purposes of gas mixing, for the entire voyage of the tanker save that (1) ullage space gas pressure uncommonly exceeds limits because of any of (i) leakage of atmospheric gases into the tank, and/or (ii) outgassing of gases within the oil contents of the tank, (iii) evaporation of the oil or portions thereof, and/or (iv) expansion of the ullage space gases upon thermal heating, and/or (2) free oxygen within the ullage space gases exceeds limits because of any leakage of atmospheric gases into the tank, at which time the tank is re-inerted, preferably with flue gases, or again de-pressurized, as and when required.

Abstract: There is disclosed herein apparatus and methods for protecting ships and harbors from attack from other vessels. A barrier, fence or obstruction is constructed around the ship or harbor to be defended, either floating on the surface above and/or beneath the surface of the water. When a boat attempts to force its way through the barrier, the barrier uses the momentum of the vessel against itself by using the forward momentum of the attacking vessel in such a manner as to divert, impede, stop, damage or destroy the vessel or mitigate a blast from a vessel. The barrier may be active or passive. Also, a constructed wall of water can be provided to stop, destroy or disable a vessel attempting to go through the wall.

Abstract: A cockpit system for a kayak having a deck and a cockpit opening defined in the deck. The cockpit system comprises bow and stern deck portions, a coaming assembly, and a transition member. The bow and stern deck portions form the deck. The cockpit opening is formed in the bow deck portion. The deck gap region is formed between the bow deck portion and the stern deck portion. The coaming assembly extends around the cockpit opening. The transition member is arranged between the bow deck portion and the stern deck portion. The transition member is sized and dimensioned to fill the deck gap region.

Abstract: The invention is of a device which provides the driver of a towing vehicle with a visual indication of the precise position and alignment of a towing vehicle's hitch ball (or other vehicle-side docking device) with the trailer's ball receiver (or other trailer-side docking device). Embodiments include an adjustable support for a position indicating device or “marker” which support attaches to the towing vehicle (in the bed of a pickup truck, for example) and can be adjusted whereby being marker or is positioned for indicating the point at which, when the trailer's receiver is juxtaposed thereto, the receiver and the vehicles docking device (usually a hitch ball) will be properly positioned and aligned for attachment.

Abstract: Now, most home and business water/sewer pipes are fitted with a four inch diameter PVC pipe running from the confluence of the subsidiary house outlet pipes and the main home sewer pipe to the surface. This pipe is fitted on top with a screw-in top cap. A hole is drilled into the center of this top cap and the cleanout alert inserted into the cap with the rod running thru the cap-the float is adjusted to set at the confluence of the outlet pipes and the main house sewer pipe. A finial is attached to the top of the rod on top of the screw-in top cap. Any cloggage/stoppage evident at the sub-surface level (evidenced by a movement of the finial above the surface) alerts the tenant to the fact, preventing damaging consequences if the situation is not corrected. There are not now any sub-surface warning devices of this type alerting the tenant, very early, that a cloggage is occurring and preventing a damaging sewage back-up.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a novel process for the preparation of a silicon wafer comprising a surface having an epitaxial layer deposited thereon. In one embodiment, an epitaxial layer is deposited onto a surface of a silicon wafer. The wafer is also heated to a temperature of at least about 1175° C. This heat treatment begins either during or after the epitaxial deposition. Following the heat treatment, the heated wafer is cooled for a period of time at a rate of at least about 10° C./sec while (a) the temperature of the wafer is greater than about 1000° C., and (b) the wafer is not in contact with a susceptor. In this process, the epitaxial deposition, heating, and cooling are conducted in the same reactor chamber.

Abstract: The present invention relates to single crystal silicon, in ingot or wafer form, which contains an axially symmetric region in which vacancies are the predominant intrinsic point defect and which is substantially free of agglomerated vacancy intrinsic point defects, wherein the first axially symmetric region has a width which is at least about 50% of the length of the radius of the ingot, and a process for the preparation thereof.

Abstract: In a method/apparatus for controlling the oxygen concentration of a silicon single crystal during a process of growing it using the CZ method, and in a method/apparatus for providing guidance for controlling the oxygen concentration, influence coefficients indicating the degrees of influence of control factors on the oxygen concentration are determined on the basis of data of silicon single crystals actually grown in the past, and an optimum profile of a control factor is determined through learning by modifying the profile employed in the reference batch so as to minimize the deviation of the oxygen concentration, thereby automatically setting the control factors in the growth process in accordance with the optimized profile.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for crystallizing small particles with a narrow particle size distribution. The crystals of the invention are obtained by introducing ultrasound into a solution or suspension of the substance to be crystallized while simultaneously adjusting a particular specific stirring power.

Abstract: A method of heat-treating a silicon wafer has the steps of: preparing a silicon wafer having an oxygen concentration of 1.2×1018 atoms/cm3 or less (old ASTM) without generating crystal originated particles(COP'S) and interstitial-type large dislocation(L/D); forming a polysilicon layer of 0.1 &mgr;m to 1.6 &mgr;m in thickness on a back of the silicon wafer by a chemical-vapor deposition at a temperature of 670° C.±30° C.; and heat-treating the silicon wafer having the polysilicon layer in an oxygen atmosphere at 1000° C.±30° C. for 2 to 5 hours and subsequently at 1130° C.±30° C. for 1 to 16 hours. In this method, the silicon wafer before the formation of the polysilicon layer thereon is the type of a wafer in which oxidation induced stacking faults(OSF's) manifest itself at a center of the wafer when the wafer is subjected to the heat-treatment.

Abstract: An apparatus for growing a crystal, using the cooler 10 surrounding the single crystal 8 for high speed pulling. The cooler 10 is prepared using a copper-based metal and is water cooled. The supporting arm 12 that supports the cooler 10 is prepared using stainless steel or the like, which is higher in mechanical strength than copper-based metals and is inferior in thermal conductivity, and is detachably connected to the cooler 10. Excessive cooling of the supporting arm 12 and disposition due to precipitation of silicon oxide are prevented, leading to improvement in disposition free pulling rate without the prevention of speed-up. The cost of manufacture of the cooler 10 is saved. The support strength of the cooler is improved.

Abstract: An improved reactor to facilitate new precursor chemistries and transport polymerization processes that are useful for preparations of low ∈ (dielectric constant) films. An improved TP Reactor that consists of UV source and a fractionation device for chemicals is provided to generate useful reactive intermediates from precursors. The reactor is useful for the deposition system.

Abstract: A powder collection system for use with a powder paint spray booth is disclosed having a housing disposed beneath the spray booth. The housing has a pair of sidewalls which taper toward each other from the top and to the bottom of the housing while two spaced end walls close the opposite ends of the housing. A fluidized bed extends along the housing adjacent its bottom and the fluidized bed divides the housing into an upper and a lower chamber. An air induction source is fluidly connected to the upper chamber of the housing so that, upon activation, the air induction source inducts both air and powder from the upper housing chamber. Conversely, a pressure source is fluidly connected to the lower chamber such that the pressurized air agitates the powder paint in the upper chamber and maintains the powder paint in a suspended condition in the upper housing chamber.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for synthesis of films, coatings or layers. An apparatus includes a first holder; a second holder coupled to the first holder; a linkage coupled to the first holder and the second holder to move the first holder relative to the second holder; a reusable tool coupled to the first holder, the reusable tool including a raised patterned surface; and a release layer coupled to the raised patterned surface of the reusable tool.

Abstract: The present invention provides techniques for coupling radio-frequency (RF) power to a metal plate in a ceramic pedestal. Perforations in the metal plate allow ceramic-to-ceramic bonding through the metal plate. The power from an RF power feed is distributed to the perforated metal plate via several electrodes that are spaced away from the centerline of the RF power feed, thus splitting power distribution. A ceramic bonding disk between the metal plate and the RF power feed provides mechanical support for the metal plate and a ceramic body to bond to through the perforations, thus reducing cracking of the metal plate and the surrounding ceramic material.

Abstract: A device for coupling microwave energy into a treatment chamber (3) which is arranged in a hollow body (2), whereby said treatment chamber is a plasma CVD coating chamber for coating the inner wall of a hollow body (2). The inventive device comprises a microwave source, a microwave coupling device (10) and a microwave conductor (1,9). A gas supply tube (13) can be inserted into said hollow body (2) in such a way that a process gas can be activated into a plasma state by the coupled microwave energy.

Abstract: A vacuum coating apparatus is provided, which ensures a high stability and reliability in the operation using the plasma, and which is further capable of operating at a much higher surface temperature of a heater. At least one substrate 8 disposed in a vacuum chamber 1 is heated, and then at least one layer is coated on the surface of the at substrate 8 thus heated, while applying plasma thereto. A long cylindrical hollow element 12 having a bottom wall is disposed in the vacuum chamber 1, and the inside of the hollow element 12 is isolated from the environment in the vacuum chamber 1. The substrate 8 is disposed outside of the hollow element 12 and heated by the radiation emanating from the outer surface of the hollow element 12 which is heated from the inside thereof by means of heating means 14.

Abstract: A milking apparatus for laboratory animals enables a milking operation to be performed on a laboratory animal (such as a rat) by a single experimenter, and also enables universal milking data to be obtained that is not influenced by individual difference among experimenters. A teat cup enables milking to be performed directly from the nipple of a relatively small and prolific laboratory animal such as a rat and mouse. The invention provides useful means for clarifying the influence of harmful extrinsic substances on living organisms via milk.

Abstract: A milking inflation fits over the upper end of a teat cup shell, with a peripheral shoulder and cuff adapted to surround and sealingly engage the upper rim of the shell. A substantially flat, relatively thin section (mouthpiece) extends radially inwardly from the shoulder and toward a center portion which defines a circular central opening or mouth for receiving a teat of a lactating animal. A plurality of geometrically-shaped indentations are aligned in a circumferentially extending pattern around the mouth. The indentations are formed integrally in a broad surface of the mouthpiece and extend radially inwardly from the shoulder and cuff toward the center portion and central opening. The inward tips of the geometrical indentations leave a substantially raised portion around the center opening, and due to the alignment of the geometrical indentations there is an immediate raised portion around the central opening of the mouthpiece.

Abstract: A convenient Lid (FIGS. 1, 2 and 3) specifically designed to fit on the standard clear plastic cup (FIG. 4) available especially for tropical fish market present. To prevent the problem of water spill and sufficient air breathing for the Betta fish, this Lid is incorporate a cylindrical cone in the center and is pointed inward the cup, conditionally the water level must always fill half inch below the tip of the cylindrical cone. When the plastic cup fills with water with the Lid on-as a unit, this unit can be tip or roll any which way, and yet the water still remains inside the cup and air passage is still available. Furthermore, with the Lid secure tight on the plastic cup, it is also an ideal to easily transport, store, display and feed the Betta fish. This invention can be used to store any type of tropical fish (which is not required compress air), marine fish, worm, insect and both live or dry fish food.

Abstract: A bird feeder is provided with a metallic perforate trough bottom that is supported on its underside on ledges consisting of a plastic material on which water tends to bead rather than sheet, and which material is essentially self-lubricating and thereby non-caking and non-sticking. In its preferred form, the bottom is a screen that is slidable horizontally on the ledges. Preferably, the material is ultra-violet ray resistant and is therefore capable of long life in the outdoors, maintaining its desired characteristics for a considerable period. The end goal is to provide easy and quick feeder cleaning capabilities, especially in sub-freezing temperatures. The design prevents moisture-absorbent wooden elements of the feeder from coming into contact with screen.

Abstract: A feline excretia processing and elimination system and method including a cat toilet bowl unit a reusable cat litter disposed in the cat toilet bowl unit and a multifunctional assembly cooperative with the cat toilet bowl unit for separating cat feces and urine from the reusable cat litter and flushing the cat feces and urine from the cat toilet bowl unit.

Abstract: An animal litter composition comprising a mixture of an absorbant material such as clay and silica gel is disclosed. The Litter composition effectively absorbs liquid wastes and controls odors. Also disclosed are methods of making and using the litter composition.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus for controlling aquatic creatures in a body of water. The apparatus comprises a power supply, a solar conversion system, two electrodes, a controllable switch unit and a control system. In operation, this apparatus generates electromagnetic emissions that are perceivable by a number of aquatic creatures thereby providing an ability to control the behaviour of these aquatic creatures, for example, attraction or repulsion thereof. The power supply provides the necessary energy and electric voltage level for the apparatus to operate and the solar conversion system provides a means for recharging and/or maintaining a sufficient energy level within the power supply. A controllable switch unit is interconnected to the two electrodes and enables the selective application of energy provided by the power supply, thereby providing for the generation of electromagnetic emissions.

Abstract: A growth inhibitor comprising a porous container 2A, 2B, housing a non-resinous wood charcoal 5, such as a hardwood charcoal. The container may further contain hydrous silicates and/or granite chips.

Abstract: A novel microisolation container for laboratory animals or other species includes a rectangular, transparent base containing an intake port at the lower front end and a detachable top sealingly attached to the base which contains an exhaust port in the end opposite the intake port. The intake and exhaust ports are preferably covered with a filter membrane which excludes airborne contaminants. The interior of the top is contoured to provide a domed sloping ceiling for the container, the lower portion being adjacent the intake or front end of the container and the upper portion being adjacent the exhaust or rear end. Preferred embodiments include a feeder assembly which is supported by perforated supports which serve as shelter for the animals. The front and rear ports, the contoured ceiling and the feeder design aid in the laminar flow of air through the cage. A perforated floor, absorbent insert and disposable waste bag can be included in the base of the cage.

Abstract: An animal hydrotherapy pool is described comprising a container for water having nozzle means in a wall of the container directing in use one or more jets of water into the water in the container. An extension to a wall of the container forms a housing in which is located pump means adapted to re-circulate water to and from the container via the nozzle means. Pump control means is also located in the housing thereby to be accessible in use to a person controlling an animal using the pool. A second pump draws water from near the surface of the water in the pool through a skimmer, and returns the water to the pool via a water treatment path. The latter comprises a heater, a sand filter, and an ozonator, and as described, all the water treatment devices are incorporated in the housing extension.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method and an installation for identifying animals and managing data concerning said animals so as to control the traceability of the animals and of the data. The inventive installation comprises at least: an identifier (1) borne by the animal; a system for reading (2) the identifier; a self-contained system (3) for communicating with the user, processing and storing in a storage unit (7) data concerning at least an animal, a link between the self-contained system (3) and the reading system (2); a centralised database (4) assembling data concerning the animals; databases concerning data on the animals are included in the self-contained system storage unit and duplicated in the centralised data bank; means for communicating data between the self-contained system (3) and the centralised database (4) and communication means (6) and (6′) between the self-contained system (3) and another self-contained system (3′).

Abstract: A journal of a crankshaft is rotatably supported by a journal-supporting portion of a cylinder block and a bearing cap. An arcuate oil guide groove is defined in a side face of the bearing cap, and coils which are portions of a stator of a generator or motor are fitted into an oil guide groove. Oil flowing down from an oil return passage provided in the cylinder block and oil flowing down from a blow-by gas passage, flow downwards from an upper end of the oil guide groove and return through an opening to an oil pan. In this process, the oil is brought into contact with the coils to cool the stator. Therefore, even if the stator is located above the oil stored in the oil pan, the stator having a raised temperature can be cooled efficiently, to thereby prevent degradation of the performance of the generator or motor.

Abstract: In a system for lubricating a valve-operating mechanism in an engine including a head cover coupled to an upper end of a cylinder head, and a valve-operating chamber defined between the cylinder head and the head cover. An oil mist transfer means for transferring an oil mist in an oil tank, an oil recovery chamber for recovering the oil accumulated in the valve-operating chamber by suction and a breather chamber into which a blow-by gas is introduced from the valve-operating chamber lead to the valve-operating chamber. In the lubricating system, a gas-liquid separating chamber for separating oil drops from the oil mist fed from the transfer means to guide the oil mist containing no oil drops to the valve-operating chamber is disposed between the transfer means 61 and the valve-operating chamber. Thus, the oil mist containing no oil drops can be supplied to the valve-operating chamber to lubricate the valve-operating mechanism without a resistance.

Abstract: An engine includes a rotatable member with one or more cylinders disposed tangentially around its circumference. There are one or more corresponding pistons, each piston is associated with a piston lever pivoted eccentric to the rotatable member. Movement of each piston is controlled so that combustion energy is transmitted to the rotatable member by the cylinder moving away from the piston. Both the cylinders and pistons rotate continuously relative to a stationary part of the engine.

Abstract: The invention relates to a free-piston unit for pumping fluid from a low pressure to a high pressure. The free piston is displaced by a hydraulic part under the influence of the fluid pressure on a plunger which is connected to a combustion piston. The force exerted on the plunger by the fluid pressure in a pressure chamber during the compression stroke can be set using conversion means by setting a third pressure for fluid which is to be displaced via a pressure chamber from the first fluid source to the second fluid source.

Abstract: An improved four stroke engine for outboard motor having a protective cowling encircling the engine. The four stroke engine has V-shaped banks of cylinders and each bank is provided with a couple of overhead camshafts extending generally vertically. The engine has also a single crankshaft extending generally vertically. The crankshaft has a driving wheel, while each camshaft positioned on the inside of each bank has a driven wheel, which diameter is twice as large as the diameter of the driving wheel. The driven wheels on the camshafts are driven by an endless transmitter wound around the driving wheel and the driven wheels. The other camshafts of the respective banks are driven by the camshafts, which are directly driven by the crankshaft, with drive mechanisms. In another embodiment, both of the camshafts of the respective banks are driven by a couple of intermediate shafts and driven wheels placed on them. The driven wheels on the intermediate shafts are driven by the driving wheel on the crankshaft.

Abstract: A compact low emission, two-cycle, crankcase scavenged, spark ignited internal combustion engine with stratified scavenging is provided. The two-cycle engine including a cylinder block containing scavenging ports and a fresh air supply port. Said scavenging ports are formed as a blind pocket inside the cylinder walls. A piston having passages for alternatively communicating the transfer ports with the fresh air intake port and with a crankcase chamber in unison with the engine. By this method, the air trapped into the piston chambers creates an air mass, which is used as a buffer to evacuate the residual gases out of the cylinder chamber. This stratified “air head” substantially reduces raw fuel losses through the exhaust port, therefore, HC emissions are greatly reduced and fuel economy is enhanced.