Abstract: An improved implantable hearing aid apparatus and related method of manufacture are disclosed. The inventive apparatus and method utilize electrodeposition techniques to yield enhanced sealing of implanted componentry. In one embodiment an inventive apparatus comprises at least first and second implantable hearing aid component housing members having at least one electrodeposited layer overlapping adjacent portions of the housing members to provide a hermetic seal therebetween. In another embodiment an inventive apparatus comprises an implantable hearing aid component housing member formed via electrodeposition having a plurality of electrodeposited layers, wherein at least two adjacent ones of the layers comprise differing materials (e.g. to yield enhanced functional characteristics). By way of primary example, a hollow bellows of any implantable middle ear actuator may be formed via the sequential electrodeposition of multiple layers on a shaped mandrel which is then selectively removed (e.g.

Abstract: A steel material excellent in weathering resistance by defining the chemical ingredients in the steel each to a predetermined range and setting an ingredient parameter formula in accordance with the working circumstance thereby reducing the flow rust and, particularly, forming stable rust with good protective property even in a salty circumstance such as in coast districts is provided.

Abstract: Titaniums having excellent impact resistance are manufactured by methods that attain good cold workability by controlling the concentrations of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon and iron contained in ordinary pure titaniums in the desired range, applying combinations of preliminary working and annealing before or during the forming process, and controlling the Vickers hardness in the cross-sectional area to the desired range according to the concentrations, without adding aluminum, molybdenum, vanadium or other alloying elements.

Abstract: Plastic bonded explosive (PBX) compositions utilizing CL-20 as the oxidizer, and particularly when the CL-20 is blended with particular combinations of binders and/or plasticizers, have been found to yield synergistic chemical combinations which demonstrate higher energy density and increased penetration power and impetus in military weapons and similar applications.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire constituting part or all of the part members constituting the pneumatic tire by a rubber composition containing, based on a total 100 parts by weight of a rubber containing at least 70 parts by weight of an ethylenic unsaturated nitrile-conjugated diene-based highly saturated rubber having a content of conjugated diene units of not more than 30 percent by weight, 0 to 120 parts by weight of zinc methacrylate and 0 to 60 parts by weight of carbon black and having a total formulations of zinc methacrylate and carbon black of 10 to 120 parts by weight, and providing, between the above part members and the adjoining diene-based rubber layer, a bonding rubber layer comprising of a rubber composition containing, based on a total 100 parts by weight of a predetermined diene-based rubber and acrylonitrile butadiene copolymer rubber, 5 to 80 parts by weight of a predetermined aromatic petroleum resin.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire constituting part or all of the part members constituting the pneumatic tire by a rubber composition containing, based on a total 100 parts by weight of a rubber containing at least 70 parts by weight of an ethylenic unsaturated nitrile-conjugated diene-based highly saturated rubber having a content of conjugated diene units of not more than 30 percent by weight, 0 to 120 parts by weight of zinc methacrylate and 0 to 60 parts by weight of carbon black and having a total formulations of zinc methacrylate and carbon black of 10 to 120 parts by weight, and providing, between the above part members and the adjoining diene-based rubber layer, a bonding rubber layer comprising of a rubber composition containing, based on a total 100 parts by weight of a predetermined diene-based rubber and acrylonitrile butadiene copolymer rubber, 5 to 80 parts by weight of a predetermined aromatic petroleum resin.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire constituting part or all of the part members constituting the pneumatic tire by a rubber composition containing, based on a total 100 parts by weight of a rubber containing at least 70 parts by weight of an ethylenic unsaturated nitrile-conjugated diene-based highly saturated rubber having a content of conjugated diene units of not more than 30 percent by weight, 0 to 120 parts by weight of zinc methacrylate and 0 to 60 parts by weight of carbon black and having a total formulations of zinc methacrylate and carbon black of 10 to 120 parts by weight, and providing, between the above part members and the adjoining diene-based rubber layer, a bonding rubber layer comprising of a rubber composition containing, based on a total 100 parts by weight of a predetermined diene-based rubber and acrylonitrile butadiene copolymer rubber, 5 to 80 parts by weight of a predetermined aromatic petroleum resin.

Abstract: Tire containing a crown, two sidewalls and two beads, a carcass reinforcement with first reinforcing cords placed adjacent, aligned circumferentially in at least one circumferential alignment from at least one of said beads to one of said sidewalls and anchored in said one bead, and a crown reinforcement, said one bead containing an anchoring zone enabling the carcass reinforcement to be maintained and including at least one circumferentially oriented second reinforcing cord cooperating with an adjacent portion of the carcass reinforcement by means of a rubber anchoring compound in contact with the second reinforcing cord and the adjacent sections of the first reinforcing cords, wherein the rubber anchoring compound has a modulus of elasticity at a 10% deformation ranging between 10 and 20 MPa and wherein the rubber anchoring compound comprises at least one synthetic elastomer in the SBR group and of polybutadienes with a total proportion of synthetic elastomer exceeding 50% of the total weight of elastomers.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire includes a body having a plurality of main body cords. The tire includes an upper section above the maximum section width and a lower section below the maximum section width. The modulus of the body cords is configured to be larger in the lower section than in the upper section. This modulus ratio decreases the rolling resistance of the tire. The increased modulus in the lower section is achieved by providing intermediate body cords disposed between the main body cords. In another embodiment, the increased modulus is achieved by changing the material and/or size of the cords in the lower section.

Abstract: A modular reciprocating heat seal jaw assembly is disclosed for sealing reclosable fastener strips to a web of thermoplastic film and for sealing the web of thermoplastic film into a series of reclosable bags. The jaw assembly includes first and second sealing jaws and means for slidably mounting the sealing jaws on a pair of parallel shafts near the lateral ends of the first and second sealing jaws in a horizontal configuration. A mechanical system is providing for selectively effecting reciprocal movement of the first and second sealing jaws together and apart as required. A modular frame is provided for supporting the ceiling jaws and the first and second pairs of parallel shafts and for maintaining the lateral and vertical position of the first and second sealing jaws as they are moved toward or away from each other. The modular frame and heat seal jaw assembly may be inserted into existing form-fill-seal machine to make them more efficient and accurate.

Abstract: A method and device for vacuum assist picking and placing a first component part relative to a second component part in preparation for ultrasonically welding the first component part to the second component part and ultrasonically welding the first component part to the second component part with the combination ultrasonic weld horn/vacuum pickup. A combination ultrasonic weld horn/vacuum pickup includes an ultrasonic weld horn including a vacuum conduit. A vacuum or negative pressure is directed through the vacuum conduit providing necessary suction at the tip of the weld horn to permit the weld horn to pick and hold a first component part during positioning of the part for welding to a second component part. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the conduit is formed as a bore milled along a longitudinal axis of the weld horn.

Abstract: A green laminate for obtaining a multilayer substrate includes base material layer green sheets held between constraint layer green sheets. The green laminate includes constraint layer green sheets laminated on the outside of a laminate of base material layer green sheets, and cutting grooves are formed in the constraint layer green sheets. By burning the green laminate to obtain a sintered laminate, the difference between expansion and shrinkage behaviors due to the difference between the thermal expansion coefficients of the glass ceramic sintered layer and the ceramic powder fixed layer occurs in each of the regions divided by the cutting grooves, thereby relieving stress due to the difference between expansion and shrinkage behaviors.

Abstract: In manufacturing a monolithic ceramic electronic part, an oxide of a conductive metal component contained in internal electrodes is mixed with a ceramic green sheet used for forming a ceramic layer by burning. Therefore, even if the conductive metal component diffuses and dissolves from the internal electrodes, the occurrence of non-uniformity in the concentration of the oxide of the conductive metal component is suppressed over the entire region of a laminate, and thus the entire laminate can be sufficiently uniformly sintered.

Abstract: A method of tucking a pair of refastenable side seams into a body portion of a pant-like garment in which the fold locations can be controlled and the likelihood of creases occurring in the fastening components is reduced or eliminated. The garment is positioned either on one vacuum conveyor or between an upper vacuum conveyor and a lower vacuum conveyor. Vacuum zones from the conveyors hold the garment in place. While the garment is held by the vacuum zones, the refastenable side seams are pushed between the front and back regions toward one another with the fastening components being placed in a flat configuration.

Abstract: A dustfree filling and sealing apparatus is disclosed. A pair of wrapping clean films 10 which are free of cleaning are supplied from a pair of wrapping clean film supply means 1. Two outer layer films 10b are peeled off and removed from the wrapping clean films 10 by a pair of outer layer film peeling-off means 2. Thus, clean surfaces of inner layer films 10a appear. The two inner layer films 10a are conveyed by a pair of inner layer film conveying means 4 so that these films are opposed. An object 15 is inserted between the inner layer films 10a by an object filling means 5. The inner layer films 10a are sealed by an impulse seal head 6. The present invention also discloses a wrapping clean film producing method and a dustfree container.

Abstract: Exact transfer of electronic element main bodies, held by virtue of an adhesive property provided by an adhesive surface, is provided from a first holder to a second holder. A plurality of through holes are formed in the first holder, so that a pressing force provided by a pusher member can be applied through the through holes to the electronic element main bodies bonded on an adhesive surface of the first holder. Meanwhile, the first holder is separated from the electronic element main bodies which are at the same time bonded on to an adhesive surface of the second holder.

Abstract: This invention provides a protection film bonding method and a protection film bonding apparatus, capable of improving productivity for an operation for bonding the protection film onto one surface of a silicon wafer. A carrier film 19 is separated from a three-layer film H3 having a reinforcement film 3 and the carrier film 19 provided on front and rear surfaces of a protection film 2, respectively, to provide a two-layer film H2. This two-layer film H2 is bonded onto the front surface of the silicon wafer 1, the reinforcement film 3 is peeled off from the two-layer film H2 and then the protection film 2 is trimmed.

Abstract: The method for manufacturing rimless spectacles provides a connection region between the lens and the rimless supporting structure wherein the connection region includes a radiation absorbing dye having a predetermined wavelength absorbing band. The lens and rimless supporting structures are then joined together, and the radiation absorbing dye is irradiated by a source of radiation operating at a wavelength within the predetermined wavelength band. Once exposed, the lens and rimless supporting structure are fused together.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forming laminate composite structures. At least two laminae, each containing electrically conductive reinforcing fibers, are placed upon each other in contacting relationship to form a generally layered structure. The layered structure may be subjected to heat to conductively transfer heat through the layered structure and thereby improve the surface contact between the two laminae. The layered structure is volumetrically heated by inductively transferring energy to the electrically conductive reinforcing fibers. The heated, layered structure is consolidated, such as by applying pressure and reducing the temperature of the layered structure. The consolidated structure is then quenched by rapidly cooling the consolidated structure in a directionally controlled manner about a midplane thereof.

Abstract: A media printer such as, for example, a thermal transfer media printer is disclosed. In one embodiment, the printer selectively programs RFID transponders, and then embeds them into conventional on-demand printed media between the adhesive layer and the release liner. Selective configuration of each printed media sample by addition of value-adding elements may be performed independently for each media sample, under software control during processing of each media sample format print control program. An add-on mechanism is disclosed that can be operatively attached to a conventional media printer. This allows value-adding elements such as RFID transponder labels to be selectively applied at precise locations on the printed surface of on-demand printed media in connection with existing printers.

Abstract: A method of tucking a pair of side panels into a body portion of a pant-like garment in which the tucking distance can be controlled. The garment is positioned between a pair of consecutive stacker finger units. Vacuum applied through fingers on the stacker finger units holds the garment in place. A distance between the pair of stacker finger units is increased to open the garment. While the garment is in an open position, either a mechanical device or fluid streams can be used to tuck the side panels into the body portion of the garment.

Abstract: A method of tucking a pair of side panels into a body portion of a pant-like garment in which the fold locations can be controlled. The garment is positioned between an upper vacuum conveyor and a lower vacuum conveyor. Opposing vacuum zones from the upper and lower conveyors hold a front region of the garment away from a back region of the garment. While the garment is in the opened, or pulled apart, position, the side panels are pushed between the front and back regions toward one another.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for processing of optical fibers, including optical fibers that are part of an optical device. In one illustrative embodiment, one or more optical fibers may be secured to a work pallet that is moved within a processing system before, during and/or after processing of the fibers. Optical fibers may be picked from the work pallet and processed while a portion of the fibers remains secured to the work pallet. Two or more processes may be performed on a fiber for each pick of the fiber from the work pallet. Optical fibers may be handled by gripping devices that include one curved clamping surface and two planar surfaces. Gripping devices may operate in open, closed and contain states when handling optical fibers.

Abstract: A method for assembling components on a substrate including the steps of: (a) selectively coating at least a first receptor site of the substrate with a liquid precursor that forms a solid adhesive upon contact with an initiator; (b) providing each of the components with an adhesion surface that has the initiator; and (c) depositing the components on the substrate in a manner that causes a first of the components to contact the at least first receptor site whereupon contact between the initiator and the liquid precursor causes formation of the adhesive which affixes the first compound to the first receptor site. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the precursor is a liquid monomer and the initiator initiates a polymerization reaction upon contact with the monomer to form a solid polymer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid composition for the cold preparation of laminate composite materials so as to confer to them, without preliminary sanding or abrasion, a surface state favorable to adhesive bonding with polyurethane type adhesives comprising

Abstract: The photocationic-curable resin composition of the invention comprises (A) a cationic-polymerizable compound, (B) a photocationic initiator and (C) an aromatic ether compound or an aliphatic thioether compound. The photocationic-curable resin composition has excellent conversion (curability) at low temperatures, and its cured product exhibits excellent adhesive strength and moisture permeation resistance. According to the sealing material comprising the composition, a liquid crystal display or an electroluminescent display having excellent adhesive strength and moisture permeation resistance can be provided with high productivity.

Abstract: A laser machining apparatus includes a nozzle connected to a pressurized gas and liquid reservoir for propelling a fine spray, mist or stream of a liquid such as water at the workpiece to be machined. A laser beam, preferably as may be generated by a UV laser or other source of exposure radiation, but is not strongly absorbed by the liquid assist material, is focused to the workpiece using, e.g., a focusing or imaging lens, while the fine spray, mist or liquid stream is propelled at the workpiece creating a layer of the liquid on its surface as the beam is incident upon the workpiece for machining.

Abstract: This invention is a hardware modification which permits greater uniformity of etching to be achieved in a high-density-source plasma reactor (i.e., one which uses a remote source to generate a plasma, and which also uses high-frequency bias power on the wafer chuck). The invention addresses the uniformity problem which arises as the result of nonuniform power coupling between the wafer and the walls of the etch chamber. The solution to greatly mitigate the nonuniformity problem is to increase the impedance between the wafer and the chamber walls. This may be accomplished by placing a cylindrical dielectric wall around the wafer. Quartz is a dielectric material that is ideal for the cylindrical wall if silicon is to be etched selectively with respect to silicon dioxide, as quartz it is virtually inert under such conditions.

Abstract: A compensation ring 31 disposed to surround a periphery of a wafer W on a susceptor 30 is concentrically divided into an inside first compensation ring member 32 and an outside second compensation ring member 33. A width of a first compensation ring member 32 is made such thin as one to three times mean free path of treatment gas molecules, thereby suppressing heat transfer between a susceptor 30 and a second compensation ring member 33. A base of a second compensation ring member, through a layer of conductive silicone rubber 34, is made to come into an intimate contact with an upper surface of a susceptor 30, thus helping to cool.

Abstract: An Electron-Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) Plasma Reactor with Multiple Exciters is disclosed. The exciters relate to a mechanism that converts the radiation energy to the electron's kinetic energy. With using a suitable antenna distributes the RF energy to distinguished exciter individually, each exciter has its own magnetic coil to build high magnetic field to resonance the electron of the operation gas, ionize the gas and generate high speed electrons. All of the high-speeded electrons can be guided by magnetic flux and accumulated to the remained part of the reaction chamber. There is an auxiliary magnet to cause energized electron moving in a helix path. The helix path makes more chance of the collision between the electron and the process gas. When collision occurs, the electron's kinetic energy activates the process gas and high-density plasma or radicals generated. The auxiliary magnetic field is also used for controlling the uniformity of plasma near the wafer pedestal area.

Abstract: An inductive cap sealer for sealing an inner seal over an opening in a container includes a vented sealing head. The sealing head contains an induction coil for producing an electromagnetic field when energized by a power supply. Field focusing elements contain the coil and direct the electromagnetic field to a sealing region beneath the sealing head. The housing has openings and the field focusing elements are spaced to allow cooling air to flow around the field focusing elements and past the coil.

Abstract: A media printer such as, for example, a thermal transfer media printer is disclosed. In one embodiment, the printer selectively programs RFID transponders, and then embeds them into conventional on-demand printed media between the adhesive layer and the release liner. Selective configuration of each printed media sample by addition of value-adding elements may be performed independently for each media sample, under software control during processing of each media sample format print control program. An add-on mechanism is disclosed that can be operatively attached to a conventional media printer. This allows value-adding elements such as RFID transponder labels to be selectively applied at precise locations on the printed surface of on-demand printed media in connection with existing printers.

Abstract: A binding process includes the application of respective parts of a two-part binding adhesive as strips at either side of a page to be bound. Part A of a two-part adhesive is applied to one side of a page and Part B of the two-part adhesive is applied to the reverse side of the page. A stack of pages with the respective parts of the two-part adhesive applied to facing surfaces is then pressed by a binding press so as to combined the two parts of the adhesive which then set.

Abstract: In order to set a rotating angle in a laminating station to an arbitrary angle, and to perform a high-speed operation while keeping the strength of an angle index head, a laminated core machining apparatus M comprises a press machine 1, a non-uniform motion head 10, an angle index head 7 and a gear system 6. That is, the non-uniform motion head 10 converts a drive of the press machine 1 from a uniform rotation into a non-uniform rotation. The angle index head 7 is connected to the non-uniform motion head 10 via a coupling 20. The gear system 6 is connected to the angle index head 7 while being connected to a rotary driving section of a laminating station 51 of a die 5. In the laminating station 51, an intermittent rotation is made by the angle index head 7, and the rotating angle is arbitrarily set by the combination of four kinds of gears included in the gear system 6. Further, a stop period (section) is provided by the non-uniform motion head 10 before a feed timing of the press machine is completed.

Abstract: A corrugating machine for the manufacture of sheets of corrugated board comprises a first manufacturing unit for the production of a first web of corrugated board, a second manufacturing unit for the production of a second web of corrugated board, a mounting unit, which is disposed downstream of the manufacturing units in a working direction, for non-adhesively bringing together the first web of corrugated board and the second web of corrugated board and a working unit, which is disposed downstream of the mounting unit, for jointly working the first web of corrugated board and the at least second web of corrugated board that lie on top of each other.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a coating film transfer tool which is made smaller to provide superior portability and which can implement the replacement of a used up coating film transfer tape with fewer operations. According to the invention, there is provided a coating film transfer tool which can facilitate the replacement of coating film transfer tapes markedly by constructing such that when the main body is divided to be opened for supply of the refill for replacement the head automatically rotates to the tape replacement position, whereas when the main body is closed after the replacement with the refill has been completed the tape is automatically taken up to be wrapped around the distal end portion of the head whereby transfer work becomes possible.

Abstract: A curtain and blind arrangement includes a blind, the blind having a plurality of slats, and a curtain, the curtain having a curtain body and a plurality of sleeves disposed at one side of the curtain body corresponding to the slats and adapted to secure the curtain body to the blind, the sleeves each defining a receiving hole adapted to receive the slats respectively.

Abstract: A safety device fitted with window curtains comprising a stopper safety hanger, a single wheel safety hanger and several safety clamps. When an object is caught by the curtain string, a small copper ball of the stopper safety hanger goes sideways from a copper wheel contracted by a steel spring wire making the copper wheel drop by its weight and loose the curtain string. A single wheel hanger is fitted for easy, balanced and convenient operation. Two string safety clamps automatically spring out from the two hangers by action of the spring clamp. The loosened curtain string separates the entangled object from danger guaranteeing safe operation of window curtains.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an improved method for brightening mechanical pulp under neutral or alkaline papermaking conditions. The improvement comprises the steps of: (a) separating neutral or alkaline pulp dilution water into a high-solids stream and a neutral or alkaline low-solids stream; and (b) reusing the neutral or alkaline low-solids stream for pulp dilution purposes prior to a bleaching process.

Abstract: A top separator assembly for a digester is disclosed comprising: a rotatable shaft for the top separator; a packing for the shaft; and a sealing ring operatively mounted to the shaft and having a nominal clearance with the pack box, said sealing ring mounted so that up lifting of said shaft provides a substantially fluid tight seal between said pack box and a side of said ring (in the digester) opposite the pack box.

Abstract: An arrangement of high-pressure water devices in a paper machine including two or more consecutive sub-totalities for making paper is disclosed and includes pump devices for producing high-pressure water, high-pressure water operating devices located in a sub-totality, arranged in various consumption points, and connections to lead high-pressure water from the pump devices to the operating devices. The pump devices include at least one pump unit, from which connections are arranged to various consumption points, which belong to two or more consecutive sub-totalities. A method for arranging a high-pressure water device in a paper machine is also disclosed.

Abstract: A paper or cardboard machine press section includes sequentially arranged first, second, and third presses each having opposed first and second press members forming a press nip therebetween. A press felt is arranged in a loop and passes through the press nip of the third press. An impermeable transfer belt is arranged in a loop to receive the web from the second press and transfer it to the press felt of the third press. A wet calender defining at least one roll nip is provided between the second and third presses, and the web and the transfer belt pass through the roll nip of the wet calender. In a preferred embodiment, the roll nip of the calender is formed by a smooth press roll of the second press arranged outside the loop of the transfer belt, and a guide roll that is arranged within the loop of the transfer belt.

Abstract: The die casting machine 1 comprises: a metallic mold 2 including a product cavity section 21 for forming a die casting product 8, a plunger sleeve section 22 and a runner 23; a decompressing device 4 for decompressing the inside of the metallic mold 2; a powder supply source 5 for supplying a powder mold releasing agent 6 into the metallic mold 2; and a powder discharging pin 3 arranged in the runner 23 in a retractable condition. The powder discharging pin 3 includes: a first opening section 311 to open the powder introducing passage 31, which is connected with the powder supply source 5, to the product cavity section 21 and a second opening section 312 to open the powder introducing passage 31 to the plunger sleeve section 22, when the powder discharging pin 3 advances into the runner 23.

Abstract: A metallurgical product, such as brazing sheet, comprises a core, on at least one side of the core an interlayer bonded to the core and a cladding bonded to the interlayer. The core and the interlayer are a compositely cast material having at their mutual interface a bond formed in a casting process by their simultaneous solidification from contacting melts of their respective materials. This provides a simple process, with good adhesion. The cladding is applied subsequently and the composite material is rolled into a sheet or plate product.

Abstract: By determining an amount of a metal to be prepared into a slurry in its liquid state, thereafter applying a motion to the melted metal via a mechanical or physical means when at least a part of the melted metal reaches a temperature below the liquidus temperature and cooling the melted metal in a slurry preparing container to prepare the melted metal into a metal slurry in a semi-solid state, and by concurrently making the semi-solid metal slurry in the slurry preparing container with a shape to be kept almost unchanged, and feeding the semi-solid metal slurry in a state wherein the shape is nearly kept as it is into the shot sleeve/prechamber of the part making machine, a semi-solid metal slurry with the non-dendritic (spherical) primary crystal particles being fine and almost uniform can be fed into the part making machine, with no need of any specifically complex process but with a simple system and plain equipment. Thus, a shaped part with high quality can be produced.

Abstract: A system for producing cast components from molten metal. One form of the present invention includes a system for the precision pouring of molten metal within a casting mold.

Abstract: A method for continuously casting metal strip is provided in which a casting pool of molten metal is found in contact with a moving casting surface such that metal solidifies from the pool onto the moving casting surface, wherein the casting surface is provided by a solid coating on a heat conductive body and the coating is formed of a material such that the wetting angle of said molten metal on the casting surface is less than 40° and which has a melting temperature greater that the temperature of the casting surface during metal solidification.

Abstract: A method for continuously casting grain oriented electrical steel is disclosed. This method utilizes a controlled rapid cooling step, such as one using a water spray, to control the grain orientation in the finished product. The product formed not only has the appropriate grain orientation but also has good physical properties, for example, minimized cracking. In this process, after a continuously cast electrical steel strip is formed, the strip undergoes an initial secondary cooling to from about 1150 to about 1250° C., and finally undergoes a rapid secondary cooling (for example, by water spray) at a rate of from about 65° C./second to about 150° C./second to a temperature of no greater than about 950° C.

Abstract: A front construction of a motor vehicle body comprises a front base of the vehicle body and a heat exchanger support frame having an air passing aperture which is defined by upper and lower horizontal members and two mutually spaced side stays which extend between the upper and lower horizontal members. A skirt portion is integral with the lower horizontal member and extends along a lower portion of the lower horizontal member. The skirt portion faces forward with respect to the vehicle body keeping a given inclination relative to the heat exchanger support member to serve as an air guide for the air passing aperture. Recessed seat portions are integrally formed by the skirt portion, and fixing members are used for fixing the recessed seat portions to the front base.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods according to the present invention preferably utilize electroosmotic pumps that are capable of generating high pressure and flow without moving mechanical parts and the associated generation of unacceptable electrical and acoustic noise, as well as the associated reduction in reliability. These electroosmotic pumps are preferably fabricated with materials and structures that improve performance, efficiency, and reduce weight and manufacturing cost relative to presently available micropumps. These electroosmotic pumps also preferably allow for recapture of evolved gases and deposited materials, which may provide for long-term closed-loop operation. Apparatus and methods according to the present invention also allow active regulation of the temperature of the device through electrical control of the flow through the pump and can utilize multiple cooling loops to allow independent regulation of the special and temporal characteristics of the device temperature profiles.