Abstract: The printing form, such as a printing plate or the surface of a printing cylinder, has a semiconducting surface with defined hydrophobic and hydrophilic areas corresponding to a print image to be printed with the printing form. The wetting characteristics of the printing form can be altered. To this end, the surface of the printing form is first placed into an essentially uniform chemical state with a first wetting behavior. Parts of all of the areas of the semiconductor surface are then put into a second chemical state which has a second wetting property that is different from the first.

Abstract: A method of operating a printing machine including a printing form cylinder and an inking unit for inking the cylinder, the inking unit having at least one inking unit roller rotatably driven at a speed different from the peripheral speed of the printing form cylinder, includes rotatably driving the at least one inking unit roller at the differential speed and at a relative speed that is different from the peripheral speed of the printing form cylinder, in time-dependence upon various operating states of the inking unit; and a printing machine for performing the method.

Abstract: A method for controlling an ink quantity in different zones of an ink roller in a printing machine, which includes prescribing nominal values of the ink quantity for each zone. A value of the ink quantity flow released for the zone by an ink source corresponds to each nominal value of the ink quantity. The nominal value for a given zone is changed from a first value to a second value, the ink quantity in the given zone is changed by prescribing a first correction ink quantity flow. The method further includes prescribing additional correction ink quantity flows for zones situated adjacent the given zone and, during a transition interval, setting the ink quantity flow for each of the zones situated adjacent the given zone to the sum of the correction ink quantity flow and the ink quantity flow corresponding to the nominal value of the given zone.

Abstract: A method for adjusting a color register in a web-fed rotary printing press is accomplished by measuring an actual web tension and comparing it to a reference value for the web tension. If the actual web tension exceeds the reference value by more than a permissible tolerance either the number of revolutions of one of two print positions or the cylinder positions of one of the print positions is changed.

Abstract: A method of printing and the resulting printed product is disclosed which provides a three dimensional raised look and feel without requiring expensive embossing rollers. A surface tension lowering additive is added to ink or clear resin or varnish, and the ink is printed onto a substrate in a pattern of substantially parallel lines, leaving spaces of substrate exposed between the lines of ink or clear resin or varnish. The clear resin or varnish may also be printed on a clear film and ink is then printed on the resin or varnish. The film can then be laminated to a metallized film, foil or other reflective surface. A resin coating is applied over the printed pattern. The resin collects in the areas of exposed substrate due to the differential surface tension. The result is a pattern of raised resin profile ridges oriented along the pattern of ink lines.

Abstract: An apparatus for the activation of a remote device having a transmitter to generate and transmit user-set special coded signals. The transmitter has a function selector switch to select modes of operation for the transmitter. Included is also a receiver to receive the user-set special coded signals, and the receiver also has a function selector switch to select modes of operation for the receiver. The function selector switch selects the following modes of operation for the transmitter: (a) a “transmit/fire” mode that enables a fire signal to be transmitted to the receiver; (b) a “wake-up” mode that enables a set-up receiver mode for immediate firing; (c) a program mode for low power transmission of programmed codes; and (d) a “test” and operational mode that enables an operational test of the apparatus with no firing output.

Abstract: Projectile systems are provided herein employing an inhibiting and/or marking substance for impairing/marking a living target, such as a human or animal target. The projectile systems provide effectiveness by impacting the target with sufficient force to cause the target to move into a simultaneously radially dispersing inhibiting/marking substance contained within a capsule of the projectile system. In preferred embodiments, the projectile system includes a generally spherical frangible projectile that is optimally filled to greater than about 50%, more preferably about 75% to 99% of its total volume, most preferably to about 90% of capacity, with the substance to be delivered to the target. One or more frangible projectiles are configured to fit with a shell casing configured to fit within a delivery device.

Abstract: The non-lead hollow point bullet of the instant invention comprises a mixed construction slug further comprising, a monolithic metal insert having a tapered (preferred conical) hollow point tip and a tapered (preferred conical) tail protrusion, and an unsintered powdered metal composite core in tandem alignment with the insert. The core has a hollow tapered (preferred conical) cavity tip portion coupled with the tapered (preferred conical) tail protrusion on the insert. An open tip jacket envelops at least a portion of the insert and the core. The jacket is swaged at the open tip.

Abstract: A mobile tamping machine for tamping ballast under a railroad track includes a machine frame supported on undercarriages running on a main track for moving the machine in an operating direction. A tamping unit is mounted on the machine frame between the undercarriages, and a track lifting and lining unit for leveling and lining the main track is vertically and transversely adjustably mounted on the machine frame immediately ahead of the tamping unit in the operating direction, with drives being provided for vertically and transversely adjusting the track lifting and lining unit. An auxiliary lifting unit is mounted on the machine frame for lifting a branch track branching off the main track at a track switch. A common measuring system associated with the track lifting and lining unit and the auxiliary lifting unit is provided for controlling the lifting of the track switch.

Abstract: A load weigh valve assembly for a railway car is provided. The load weigh valve assembly is mounted to the truck frame on primary sprung trucks to enable actuation of the load weigh valve pivot arm. The load weigh valve assembly is also mounted to the truck frame so as to eliminate the problems associated with oscillating and sliding motion at the load weigh valve pivot arm. In addition, the undesirable valve actuation that occurs due to car roll is eliminated.

Abstract: A multi-unit railroad freight car and a container-carrying bridge unit for such a car. The bridge unit extends between and is carried on the adjacent body bolsters of both of a pair of drawbar-connected well units designed for carrying stacked cargo containers. The bridge unit includes a center sill, a transverse bolster at each end of the center sill, and container-supporting arms extending from the bolsters and above the body bolsters of the adjacent container well units to support a cargo container.

Abstract: A shelf system for a patio or porch for holding and elevating pots for increased ease of maintenance. The shelf system for a patio or porch includes a rail assembly having an upright rail; a plurality of shelf assemblies, each being coupled to the upright rail of the rail assembly; the plurality of shelf assemblies including a top rail shelf assembly having a top shelf collar coupled to the upright rail, a top shelf support bracket coupled to the top shelf collar, and a top shelf member coupled to the top shelf support bracket; and a lower shelf assembly having a lower shelf collar coupled to the upright rail, a lower shelf bracket coupled to the lower shelf collar, and a lower shelf member coupled to the lower shelf support bracket.

Abstract: An adjustable height table has a frame with spaced apart side portions spanned by a horizontal tray with a knee area below the tray. Each side has a foot that engages the floor or like support surface. Each side includes a lower non-elevating base part and an upper elevating “lift” part. The non-elevating and elevating portions each have an outer wall, a hollow interior and vertical slots that face in opposite respective directions for a given side (including a non-elevating portion and an elevating lift portion). A gear mechanism interfaces the upper “lift” and lower “base” parts. When the table is in an extremely elevated position, roller supports minimize lateral translation. The roller supports fit shaped rails on the elevating parts. The frame can receive any of three selected mechanisms. Each mechanism features a horizontal shaft contained within the tray.

Abstract: An expandable cash box system for storing bills including a chassis housing attachable to a bill validator and having an open end adapted to receive bills from the validator and a sliding enclosure housing disposed in telescopic relation to the chassis housing. A spring-loaded compressor plate is provided within the two housings and a control system between the two telescoping housing determines the expansion as bills are received by the cash box. The control system may include interengaging resilient members and a set of grooves receiving the resilient members and a guidance system facilitates the alignment of the two housings.

Abstract: An automated payment system for use in a service station. The system includes at least one fuel dispenser for dispensing fuel and having a user interface for directing how payment for the fuel is to be processed. The system also includes a payment terminal positioned in proximity to the fuel dispenser for receiving the payments. The terminal has rigid outer walls forming an enclosed interior section for housing the payments. In one embodiment, the terminal has rigid outer walls forming a substantially H-shape with two indents positioned on the exterior of the payment terminal. A pair of support posts are firmly mounted within the indents for securing the payment terminal in position. Mounting mechanisms may attach the payment terminal to the support post and be positioned such that they are contained within the terminal and post to restrict access.

Abstract: A thermo-oxidizer evaporator is provided with a combustion chamber, burners, and waste water injection system. The waste water injection system is preferably adapted to atomize the waste water stream. The waste water is injected near the flame from the burners so as to evaporate water in the waste water stream and combust contaminants in the waste water stream. The water leaves the combustion chamber as vapor, and contaminants collect at the bottom of the combustion chamber as dry ash. Heat exchange apparatus heats air prior to injection into the combustion chamber. A temperature controller controls fuel and air flow into the combustion chamber. Baffles in the combustion chamber increase the residence time to facilitate the settling of solid constituents from the gas stream leaving the combustion chamber. Methods for treating liquid wastes are also disclosed.

Abstract: A stabilizing system for jet-propelled watercraft comprising a pair of fins and their corresponding trim blocks, which serve to point the fins in the correct toed-in, cambered-out attitude, and mount on the side of the watercraft, toward the rear.

Abstract: A catamaran type water craft having two tandem pairs of scissors-like folding mechanisms disposed between and pivotally connecting to the opposing upright surfaces of adjacent, juxtaposed hulls. The folding mechanisms comprise two pairs of overlapped cross-linked beams joined about central pivot joints. A pair of cross-linked overlapped forward bow beams can also be provided, arranged so as to rise at an increasing angle to the water craft as the water craft collapses. When the boat is collapsed, the cross-linked beams fold like closing scissors to bring the opposing hulls laterally together, and the bow beams are drawn together, allowing the catamaran to fold to a width that can be transported by a truck or placed in a marina docking slip with the mast in its upright position. A mast is located in the pivot structure of the forward pair of crossed overlapped links.

Abstract: An improved marine vehicle that offers very high efficiencies made possible by pressurized gas cushion(s) disposed between its hull(s) and a water surface is presented. The gas cushion(s), in the ideal arrangement, is supplied with pressurized gas by a powered blower that obtains at least part of its inlet gas flow from an opening(s) in upper surfaces of a wing shaped cabin structure. In an optional arrangement, gas supply to a propulsion system engine can be obtained from similar opening(s). A secondary wing may be placed above the main wing to help direct airflow over the upper surfaces of the main wing. A gas cushion seal is provided that has the ability to control gas flow and thereby reduce blower power requirements. Further, steps may be inset into the sides of the hull(s) that reduce drag in rough seas but yet are protected by hull chines when the hull is transitioning into planing mode.

Abstract: A movable bulkhead with a first side and a second side, said first and second sides having upper and lower edges and first and second ends, wherein a first layer with inner and outer surfaces defines at least part of said first side with said outer surface, and a second layer with inner and outer surfaces defines at least part of said second side with said outer surface, an intermediate layer comprised of elastomer being bonded between said inner surface of said first layer and said inner surface of said second layer so as to transfer shear forces between said first and second layers.

Abstract: A stabilizing fin assembly for use with a watercraft includes a mounting structure, a stabilizing fin structure, and a releasable securement structure. The mounting structure is fixedly attached to a side portion of a hull of a watercraft. The stabilizing fin structure is removably mounted to the mounting structure. When the mounting structure is fixedly attached to the hull, the stabilizing fin structure is disposed externally of the hull and adjacent the side portion of the hull in an operative position wherein at least a portion of the stabilizing fin structure extends into a body of water while the watercraft is in a normal operative position. The releasable securement structure is disposed in a releasably secured position on the hull. The stabilizing fin structure facilitates removal and replacement of the stabilizing fin structure without requiring access to the interior of the watercraft.

Abstract: A steering transmission transmits steering forces that must be transmitted from a steering mechanism, such as a steering wheel or handlebars, to a steered mechanism, such as the rudder of a boat or the steered wheel(s) of an off-road vehicle. The steering transmission includes one and preferably both of a multi-ratio speed changer and a torque gate. The multi-ratio speed changer preferably takes the form of one or more planetary gear sets coupling an input shaft of the transmission to a rotary output of the transmission. The speed changer is shifted by manually operating a shifter to switch between two or more distinct speed change ratios, thereby permitting the operator to select the combination of responsiveness and steering effort desired for the prevailing operating conditions. The torque gate preferably takes the form of a release driver, a locking driver, and a wrapped spring disposed between the release driver and the locking driver.

Abstract: The hull has two lateral hull portions (5a, 5b) spaced part with respect to each other which each extends from a respective lateral wall of a front hull portion (1) beyond the rear end (1a) of the front hull portion (1). Lateral hull portions (5a, 5) are directly connected to a respective lateral wall of front hull portion (1). A respective tunnel (15a, 15b), open downwardly, is formed between the front hull portion (1) and each lateral hull portion (5a, 5b). Tunnels (15a, 15b) run into a further tunnel (15) defined behind the rear end (1a) of the front hull portion (1), between the lateral hull portions (5a, 5b).

Abstract: A self-propelled watercraft referred to herein as vessel (10), such as, though not limited to, a kayak or the like. At least two ridges (34) and (36) are provided in the hull bottom (17) in spaced relation from one another. Likewise, at least two ridges (44) and (46), in spaced relation from one another, are provided in seat bottom (30). In one embodiment, the distance (60) between ridges (34) and (36) is greater than the distance (65) between ridges (44) and (46) such that ridges (44) and (46) are captured by ridges (34) and (36) thus preventing undesired lateral movement of the seat (25) within the interior volume (50) of the hull (15). The seat (25) is positioned lower in the hull than with a traditional seat, thus lowering the center of gravity for the vessel (10) when an occupant is seated, making the vessel (10) more stable in the water.

Abstract: An overheating axle warning device comprising a heat sensor device with a neoprene seal which is substituted for a standard rubber filler wheel hub plug. The device can have various colors to identify certain temperature ranges of activation.

Abstract: A teat cup comprising a liner having movable thin-wall portions which are adapted to be differently pressurized is disclosed.

Abstract: A wildlife feeder has a generally tubular, upright housing or base unit that is designed to remain permanently attached to its means of support, such as an upstanding post or an overhead hanger, while refillable feed cartridges are readily removed from the housing as need be for refilling or cleaning. In its preferred form, the housing has a pair of internal, upright retaining sockets at its opposite ends that receive a pair of cylindrical, transparent cartridges. The cartridges are open at the top and closed at the bottom, with dispensing ports in the sidewalls thereof. A pair of tall window openings at opposite ends of the housing provide both unimpeded visual examination of the feed level of the cartridges from remote locations and means for removing the cartridges from and reinserting them into the housing.

Abstract: An animal shelter including: an enclosure having at least one opening for ingress and egress of an animal, wherein the shelter is transparent, can be autoclaved, and inhibits light penetration is disclosed.

Abstract: An animal toy includes a plurality of irregular outer features to hold one or more animal treats which are placed within the irregular outer features. The features may be of varying sizes, shapes, and combinations so that treats are held at varying depths therein. The animal toy may have a hollow core to further receive animal treats, or to receive a buoyant material allowing the animal toy to float. The treats may be held in the irregular outer features by friction or adhesion. The irregular outer features further serve to increase contact with the animal's mouth thereby also increasing the cleaning action of the animal toy with respect to the animal's teeth and gums. The animal toy can be made of a desired resilient flexible material which enhances dental cleaning.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a thermodynamically activated flue damper for a gas water heater that includes a flue damper for controlling the passage of exhaust gases through the flue; and a thermally sensitive member that is capable of contracting when the exhaust gasses in the flue heat the thermally sensitive member to its transition temperature and expanding when the temperature of the thermally sensitive material falls below its transition temperature. The thermally sensitive member is connected between the flue damper and a support member in the flue to control the pivoting of the flue damper as the thermally sensitive metal expands or contracts at the transition temperature. The flue damper system may also include a counter-balancing member to provide a counter-balancing force to the said thermally sensitive metal, such as a coil spring. The thermally sensitive member may be formed in the shape such as a rod, a wire, and an elongated bar, and may be made from Nytinol or other similar metals.

Abstract: A hot water heating system, and kit for installing such a system, that utilizes male and female union connections for all main heating system components allows the system to be completely installed using only two ordinary wrenches. The system includes a first isolator valve, a flow control valve, a circulator and a second isolator valve. Each of these components is equipped with one male union type connection on one side of the component and one female union type connection on the other side. The system may be an installed system or may entail a kit of parts for installation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device for increasing the use of the braking moment of a retarder in an automobile. According to this method, the heat produced by the retarder during braking is dissipated using a coolant. The method is characterized in that at least one auxiliary consumer and/or at least one of the following devices of the cooling system—a connected fan, a connected thermostat, a coolant pump, a bypass-valve—is controlled in dependence on the mode of the operation of the retarder.

Abstract: A variable compression ratio mechanism for a reciprocating engine includes a connecting rod split into upper and lower connecting rod portions linked to each other through a first connecting pin. A rockable arm is oscillatingly linked at one end to the lower connecting rod portion through a second connecting pin. A control mechanism shifts the center of oscillating motion of the rockable arm to vary a compression ratio of the engine. A piston stroke is set to be greater than two times a crank radius of a crank, irrespective of variations in the compression ratio. A linkage is dimensioned and laid out, so that its crankpin load is less than a crankpin load produced by a linkage that the crankpin is located on a perpendicular line at substantially the midpoint of a line segment between and including the centers of the first and second connecting pins.

Abstract: A crankshaft driven positive displacement gear type air compressor enclosed within the engine housing forces air in between the compressor and reciprocating means. At approximately top dead center fuel is injected into the engine and burns. The high pressures of combustion transfer energy to the gears of the compressor and the reciprocating means and crankshaft assembly forcing them to accelerate. The reciprocating means accelerates to the bottom dead center position completely uncovering two exhaust ports. Exhaust passes through the exhaust ports and is scavenged with compressed air from the compressor flowing into the housing space enclosing the reciprocating means. The reciprocating means returns to the top dead center position compressing air in the housing space between the compressor and the reciprocating means. At approximately top dead center the process repeats itself.

Abstract: An intake and exhaust valve system (10) for an internal combustion engine having a combustion chamber (19) within a cylinder (13) closed at one end by a cylinder head (17). A cavity (25) is provided in the cylinder head opening onto the combustion chamber through a first port (27). The valve system (10) has first and second valves one of which is an intake valve (31) movable between open and closed conditions for controlling intake fluid flow into the combustion chamber (19) and the other of which is an exhaust valve (33) movable between open and closed conditions for controlling exhaust gas flow from the combustion chamber. The first valve (31) comprises a valve head (35) sealingly engagable with the first port (27) and a skirt structure (31).

Abstract: A control system for an electromagnetic actuator actuates an intake or exhaust valve. The actuator includes first and second electromagnets which develop an electromagnetic attraction force the strengths of which depend on the amount of current supplied thereto. A spring biases an armature between the electromagnets to a neutral position therebetween. The control system comprises a control circuit which (a) controls the amount of current supplied to the first electromagnet thereby restricting a moving velocity of the armature, at a first stage in a course of changing the armature from a first position to a second position; and (b) supplies current to the second electromagnet at a timing at which the armature approaches the second electromagnet upon the biasing force of the spring thereby attracting the armature to the second position, at a second stage in the course of changing the armature from the first position to the second position.

Abstract: An electromagnetic actuator for intake or exhaust valves of an internal combustion engine, in which an oscillating arm has an end in abutment on the upper end of the stem of the intake or exhaust valve; two electromagnets being provided to move the oscillating arm so as axially to displace this valve; a frame supporting the arm being connected to the head of the engine so as to be able to oscillate about an axis perpendicular to the axis of movement of the intake or exhaust valve and the electromagnetic actuator being provided with a device for adjusting the position of the frame with respect to the head to rotate the frame so as to maintain the mechanical play between the end of the oscillating arm and the stem of the valve at a predetermined value.

Abstract: A valve drive mechanism is provided for an internal combustion engine, especially a four-stroke engine in a power chain saw. The implement housing is spanned by a front handle, the tubular grip of which is adjacent to the cylinder head of the engine and extends from one longitudinal side of the implement to the other longitudinal side thereof. A rocker arm of a valve control is pivotably mounted on the cylinder head between the ends of the rocker arm, with the rocker arm being pivotable about a pivot axis disposed transverse to the rocker arm. Push rods of a control mechanism engage one end of the rocker arm to actuate a poppet valve, on the valve stem of which the other end of the rocker arm acts. To be able to guide the tubular grip close to the center of gravity of the implement, the longitudinal axis of the rocker arm is disposed approximately parallel to the adjacent portion of the tubular grip.

Abstract: An installation structure for an oil control valve, wherein a timing chain transmitting rotation of a crankshaft of an engine to camshafts is arranged, and a chain cover is installed on the engine so as to cover the timing chain. A cooling fan rotated by the crankshaft is located forward of a front part of the chain cover 14. An oil control valve which supplies oil delivered from an oil pump to an oil pressure actuator of an oil pressure control unit is mounted to a front part of the chain cover within the rotational trace of the cooling fan.

Abstract: A four-stroke cycle internal combustion engine in which an oil reservoir for storing lubricating oil is arranged below a crank chamber housing a crankshaft, and oil mist formed in the oil reservoir is supplied to the interior of the crank chamber and to a valve chamber through an oil mist passage for providing fluid communication between the oil reservoir and the valve chamber. The oil mist passage includes a pre-separation oil mist passage section formed in the crankshaft, a cylindrical centrifugal-separation chamber surrounding the outer-periphery of the crankshaft, a post-separation oil mist passage section extending from the centrifugal-separation chamber in the opposite direction of the rotational direction of the crankshaft and in fluid communication with the valve chamber, and an oil return passage providing fluid communication between the centrifugal-separation chamber and the oil reservoir.

Abstract: A novel rotary engine has a single toroidal cylinder and a set of pistons on a rotating circular piston assembly. A rotating disk valve perpendicular to the toroid has a cutout position which periodically traverses the chamber to allow passage of a piston therethrough. The geometry of the pistons and the valve are arranged to minimize the residual volume, by altering the geometry of the chamber section formed between valve and piston and/or providing pistons which are mechanically extendible and retractable in synchronization with the opening and closing of the disk valve, to optimize engine efficiency and performance.

Abstract: Internal combustion engines have been developed having regeneration mechanisms for increasing efficiency and reducing emissions. Previous regeneration mechanisms have been complicated and costly. The present invention provides a simple regeneration member which is attached within a piston assembly. Thus the apparatus for attaching the regeneration member within the internal combustion engine greatly reduces the cost of the engine.

Abstract: A method and apparatus controls an internal combustion engine having electromagnetically driven valves. A target cylinder torque required of one of a plurality of cylinders is individually calculated in accordance with a target engine torque, and a timing for opening and closing each of a plurality of intake and exhaust valves in each of the plurality of cylinders is determined in accordance with the target cylinder torque. Thereby the torque of the internal combustion engine is individually controlled for each of the plurality of cylinders.

Abstract: A default engine control method for an internal combustion engine recovers from the loss of a high-resolution engine position signal by calculating a high resolution pulse period based on a recognized pattern of a low resolution engine position signal. Interrupts for signaling the execution of cycle-related control algorithms are scheduled in time based on the calculated pulse period, and pulse period errors due to changing engine speed are periodically corrected based on the timing of subsequent transitions in the low resolution position signal relative to the scheduled interrupts.

Abstract: Manufacturing imperfections and component failures in the fuel system of an engine, can lead to non-uniform torque production among the cylinders. Non-uniform cylinder torques can be observed as small engine speed fluctuations about the average engine speed at any given operating point. Engine speed data contains fluctuations at different frequencies. The amplitude of fluctuations at some known frequencies tell about the health of the fuel injectors and the engine. In the present invention, the instantaneous engine speed data is filtered by discrete second-order band-pass filters to find the engine speed fluctuations at particular frequencies. The output of the filters is identical to power spectral density of speed signal at those frequencies. The amplitude of each filter output is then compared to a predetermined threshold value. If the amplitude is bigger than this threshold, it indicates the existence of low fueling or high fueling fuel injectors.

Abstract: A pressure regulator for use in regulating the outlet pressure of a pump for use in an engine comprises a piston member which is moveable with respect to an outlet opening under the influence of fluid pressure acting on the piston member to control the degree by which the outlet opening is obscured. The pressure regulator comprises a biasing arrangement for applying a biasing force to the piston member which opposes the pressure of fluid acting on the piston member. The biasing arrangement comprises a moveable abutment member which is cooperable with a stop member so as to vary the rate at which the displacement of the piston member varies with fluid pressure acting on the piston member. The stop member is pre-set in a fixed position relative to the regulator housing such that movement of the abutment member is terminated when the abutment member is urged into engagement with the stop member. The invention also relates to a transfer pump comprising a pressure regulator.

Abstract: The nozzle body (5) of a fuel injection valve has a central bore (54) in which a nozzle needle (1) is guided. The tip (52) of the nozzle body (5) has a tapered valve seat (55) which forms together with the sealing edge (27) of the nozzle needle (1) a valve (27, 55) which controls the flow of fuel to the injection holes (9) in the nozzle tip (52). Underneath the sealing edge (27) a circumferential groove (33) is disposed in the truncatoconical needle tip (30, 35, 40, 45) at the level of which the injection holes (9) are disposed, so that when the valve (27, 55) opens the nozzle needle (1) is axially stabilized and the shaping of the injected jet is improved.

Abstract: To enable accurate detection of the alternative ambient pressure when the correction of fuel supply is carried out by the used of the value of the ambient pressure substituted by the negative pressure in the inlet pipe. The difference between the calculated alternative ambient pressure and the estimated ambient pressure (offset) is set as a plurality of functions of the number of engine revolutions and the throttle opening, and stored in the area determination section with a plurality of areas divided by each offset value. In which area the condition of the engine resides is determined from the number of engine revolution and the throttle opening and the offset corresponding to the area is supplied. The calculation section calculates the calculation base value by the use of the negative pressure PB and the offset.

Abstract: A mechanism for advancing and retarding the injection timing of a mechanically-actuated fuel injection pump. The mechanism includes a housing having a bore slidably receivable of an advance piston which cooperates with a lever of the fuel injector timing mechanism. A light load piston also in the bore cooperates with the advance piston to permit adjustment of timing under light load conditions. A rotatable cam mechanism cooperates with a flange on the light-load piston to set the axial rest position of the light-load piston and the advance piston, and hence the datum timing of the fuel injection pump. The cam may be easily set by external adjustment.

Abstract: A variable delivery fuel supply device capable of improving linearity of discharge characteristics with respect to a rotational angle of a cam and reducing abrasion of the cam.