Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and a method for placing calls between legacy terminals and IP terminals in an IP-PBX system. Features that were once only used in traditional PBX telephone systems, like group ring services and station group services are now made available for IP terminals in an IP-PBX system. Methods of providing station group service and ring group service to both legacy terminals and IP terminals in an IP-PBX system is disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a call processing message converter and message converting method in an IP-PBX system, capable of controlling IP terminals equally to legacy terminals by transceiving user information with IP terminals.

Abstract: During a call through an information and communication network, when a calling path with cheaper rate than that of the calling path which has been established becomes available, the calling path can be switched to continue the call. A call is possible between telephones in the Internet through calling paths which are selected from an IP network including an access network and ISP networks. In cases where the calling path with cheaper rate becomes available when the calling path is established and the call is carried out, connection is switched from the calling path to the calling path so that as the call is continued, a rate can be reduced.

Abstract: A device for interconnecting and multiplexing a plurality of interfaces is disclosed. In the preferred embodiment, three serial communications ports are interfaced such that any two may be interconnected for communications. A novel circuit comprising a plurality of buffers is employed to allow selection of the interconnection scheme by a controller. The design is scalable and is characterized by low cost, low printed circuit board area requirements, and graceful function. In the preferred embodiment, a PDA, wireless transceiver, and cradle interface of a personal communications device are effectively interconnected and multiplexed.

Abstract: A point-to-multipoint network interface is provided that is simpler and less costly to implement than conventional Ethernet switches. The interface includes a plurality of downstream transmitters for transmitting data packets to a plurality of end user devices, a plurality of downstream receivers for receiving data packets from the plurality of end user devices, an upstream transmitter and an upstream receiver. A multiplexer within the interface multiplexes data packets received from the end user devices into a stream of data packets for transmission to a higher level node regardless of the destination address of the data packets. Conversely, a demultiplexer within the interface demultiplexes a stream of data packets received from the higher level node into individual data packets for selective transmission to one of the plurality of end user devices. The interface can support asymmetrical transmission rates on the upstream and downstream channels between the interface and the end user devices.

Abstract: Method and Apparatus for Processing Shared Sub-packets in a Communication System are disclosed. A communication system providing both voice and data services allows for a plurality of subscriber station to share a data sent in a unit of a forward traffic channel. To provide information required by the subscriber stations to determine that a unit of the forward traffic channel is shared, and to correctly decode the data, different control channel structures are described. Additionally, the control channel structures provides for more efficient signaling of code channel assignment.

Abstract: A wireless communication network includes mobile devices which may act as sources, targets, and intermediaries for transmitted information. An intermediate nodes that receives a signal from a source intended for a target may forward the signal in the direction of the target, if the target's location is known, or transmit the signal in a direction away from the sender of the signal, e.g., the source or another intermediate node. Upon receiving the signal, the target may transmit its address and current location more aggressively in the direction of the sender, e.g., the source, if the source's location is known, or in the direction of the intermediate node from which the signal was received. The nodes may determine the locations of other nodes in the network by extracting location information from the signal or from periodically updated global location reports transmitted by a master node.

Abstract: A security system for a communication system that includes an IP network and groups of servers in a farm, wherein each group is associated with a customer. A user connected to the network can access information provided by a customer from a server within the group of servers associated with this customer through a dispatching device. The security system comprises setting means in each of the switches which are located between the dispatching device and the customer servers for setting a field of bits in the IP header of potentially irregular packets transmitted from a customer server and the dispatching device, means in the dispatching device for identifying any packet wherein the field of bits has been set to the predefined value, and means for deleting or logging the potentially irregular packet when the destination of the packet is not the dispatching device.

Abstract: Printed circuit boards 11 to 11n are connected in a star-like configuration with a single packet processing IC 42, connected to a CPU 41, at its center, each printed circuit board being connected to the packet processing IC by a high-speed supervisory control line 21 having a sufficient transmission capacity to transfer therethrough transparent information and alarm transfer information as well as information from the central processing unit in packet form, and the transparent information and the alarm transfer information are communicated between the printed circuit boards via the high-speed supervisory control line and via the packet processing IC, with provisions made for the packet processing IC to detect a destination from the packet information received from the originating printed circuit board and to transmit the packet information to the terminating printed circuit board.

Abstract: In an information transmission method, error robustness is provided for the bit stream itself so that decoding processing can be properly performed even in the event of an error in important information such as header information. A bit stream reconstruction circuit (107) in an encoding apparatus adds sync signals to the heads of encoded data streams, which are encoded by an encoder (103), in certain bit stream units, and then inserts designation information in each bit stream by using a designation information insertion circuit (106). Each designation information indicates the addition of information for reconstructing important header information. By inserting the designation information in the bit stream obtained, reconstruction information can be added to the bit stream.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system for transmitting sequences of packets (RTP) from a server (10) to a mobile terminal (30). The terminal has a buffer (BM) for storing the packets received for a time referred to as the buffer traverse time, which has a minimum fixed value (TT).

Abstract: A data transmission system is described between a central location, connected to a data cell transmission network, for example, an ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) network and a peripheral user-network termination unit, connected to the central location by means of a plurality of digital transmission lines. A lower data transmission rate may be transmitted over each of the digital transmission lines than the data transmission rate of the transmission network, whereby an inverse multiplexing device is provided in each of the central location and in the peripheral user-network termination unit. The inverse multiplexing device in the peripheral user-network termination unit may be assembled from a first and, optionally, one or several further multiplexing modules, whereby each multiplexing module is connected to one of the digital transmission lines. At least one unit is provided for the control and synchronization of partial data cell streams.

Abstract: Scheduling is performed for a switch fabric (e.g., an input-buffered switch fabric). A first input port from a set of input ports is selected, for a first output port, based on a weight value uniquely associated with each link from a first set of links. Each link from the first set of links are between the first output port and a unique input port from the set of input ports. A second output port from a set of output ports is selected for a second input port.

Abstract: Methods and devices for scheduling data transmission processing based on the size of the data transmission unit and a predetermined increment value. A scheduler has slots which represent specific amounts of time in which a queue of data transmission units to be processed is represented. An indicator determines which slot and thereby which queue is being examined. Each queue is assigned a specific increment value and each data transmission unit in a queue is assigned a count value based on the size of the data transmission unit. When a data transmission unit is at the head of the queue and is a candidate for processing, if the count value is greater than a predetermined value then the queue and thereby the data transmission unit at the head of the queue is rescheduled at a later time. This is effected by assigning the queue to a subsequent slot in the scheduler. The subsequent slot in the scheduler is determined based on the given increment value for that queue.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a communication apparatus which is capable of communication based on plural different communication methods in one apparatus. A main phone a telephone with a cordless handset comprises communication section which is provided with plural different communication methods, selection section which selects a communication method, and control section which controls so as to enable communication based on one communication method having been selected. The selection section selects one communication method from among the plural different communication methods provided in the communication section, and in response to a signal of a selection result, the control section controls so as to enable communication based on the one communication method having been selected. Since this enables communication based on plural different communication methods in one communication apparatus, it becomes possible to receive a lot of services.

Abstract: A server stores a table of correspondence between phone numbers and dynamic addresses of an internet protocol assigned or to be assigned to cellular phones. When the server is notified of a phone number of a receiving cellular phone by a transmitting cellular phone, it searches the table to obtain the dynamic address corresponding to the phone number of the receiving cellular phone. The server then notifies the transmitting cellular phone of the obtained dynamic address. The transmitting cellular phone can thus identify the dynamic address assigned or to be assigned to the receiving cellular phone. Thus, the transmitting cellular phone is enables to communicate with the receiving cellular phone through the internet protocol.

Abstract: A network switch in a packet switched network includes a plurality of network switch ports, each configured for sending and receiving data packets between a medium interface and the network switch. The network switch port includes an IEEE 802.3 compliant transmit state machine and receive state machine configured for transmitting and receiving network data to and from a medium interface, such as a reduced medium independent interface, respectively. The network switch port also includes a memory management unit configured for selectively transferring the network data between the transmit and receive state machines and a random access transmit buffer and a random access receive buffer, respectively. The memory management unit transfers the network data between the transmit and receive state machines and the respective buffers based on prescribed interface protocol signals between the memory management unit and the transmit and receive state machines.

Abstract: In a stepwise QoS scheduling method in output-buffered switches for broadband networks, packets are sequentially inserted in a sequence of windows on weight basis. The window size together with the weight of a flow determines the credits in a window for the flow. With sufficient credits, new packets are placed in the current window on a FIFO basis. Otherwise, packets are placed in an upward window being associated with sufficient accumulated credits.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system and method for packet forwarding. The packet forwarding improves the performance of common network security applications. The system includes an operating system kernel, a plurality of packet forwarding paths, and a packet classifier. The method includes means for receiving network packets, means for receiving state information from a plurality of external agents, means for selecting a forwarding path from a plurality of forwarding paths based on the state information, and means for transmitting packets.

Abstract: A method of providing an audio service to a subscriber communication device over a communication network, the method comprising the steps of; identifying a portion of the communication network in accordance with a selection criterion, identifying a subscriber communication device within said portion, and transmitting an offer message to the subscriber communication device to offer an audio service.

Abstract: Disclosed is a direct conversion receiver capable of supporting multiple standard specifications in mobile communication systems. A mode switch selects a received signal having a specific standard specification from received signals according to a mode selection signal. A low-noise amplifier is turned on in response to the mode selection signal, and low-noise amplifies the signal selected by the mode switch. A frequency down-converter frequency down-converts the low-noise amplified signal to a frequency corresponding to the specific standard specification. A high-pass filter bank high-pass filters the frequency down-converted signal. A programmable analog-to-digital converter converts the high-pass filtered signal into a sampling frequency corresponding to the specific standard specification. A digital filter digital-filters the converted digital signal using a decimation rate and a filter bandwidth corresponding to the specific standard specification.

Abstract: In a multiple access communication network a primary station (2) is coupled via a transmission medium to a plurality of secondary stations (4 . . . 18). The primary station is arranged for determining a free channel list comprising the channels which are not used by any of the secondary stations to transmit information to the primary station. The primary station is arranged for transmitting this list of free channels to the secondary ststions.

Abstract: A source device (110) receives a carrier signal and continuously monitors the carrier signal for a first predetermined condition and a second predetermined condition. The source device (110) transmits data if the first predetermined condition is satisfied. The source device (110) ceases transmission of data if the first predetermined condition subsequently is not satisfied or if a second predetermined condition is satisfied.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are described for transmitting/receiving a Gigabit-Ethernet signal by a high capacity point-to-point radio system. The basic idea consists in transmitting a Gigabit Ethernet interface using a single frequency in a channel plan of about 56 MHz bandwidth. The invention is based on a technology that combines forward error correction, cross polarization interference cancellation (XPIC), base-band signal processing, adaptive equalization and antenna's interconnection. In the best configuration, two carrier frequencies, H and V polarized, are selected in order to have the required bandwidth for easily transporting a Gigabit Ethernet. A proper compression rate can be selected according to the available resources; in case of radio channel failure, the compression rate can be changed. Ethernet frames are mapped by a Generic Framing Procedure encapsulation protocol.

Abstract: In order to improve throughput on a computer network 10, a traffic manipulation device 12 is used to exploit the collision properties on the computer network 10. Deliberate collisions of data packets are caused to manipulate traffic flow on the computer network 10.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for managing collisions in a wireless detection system, wherein a plurality of portable receivers and at least one transmitter/receiver unit mounted on a vehicle are provided. Communication is of the intermittent type due to an on/off cycle. Sent call messages are first confirmed by a quittance device associated with the detection zone by means of a quittance report. The receivers respond to a received call message with an availability message that identifies the respective receiver. Before a message is sent, it is checked whether the radio medium is available. Collisions that occur are recognized by the absence of the quittance report. Communication is resumed by sending further messages at fixed intervals or at intervals that are determined by a random number generator. The inventive method provides for a complete detection of the portable receivers even when the ranges of detection overlap. The on/off cycle can be adaptively adjusted.

Abstract: Arbitration for a switch fabric (e.g., an input-buffered switch fabric) is performed. For a first port, a link subset from a set of links associated with the first port is determined. Each link from the link subset is associated with its own candidate packet and is associated with its own weight value. A link from the link subset for the first port is selected based on the weight value associated with each link from the link subset for the first port. For a second port, a link subset from a set of links associated with the second port is determined. Each link from the link subset associated with the second port is associated with its own candidate packet and is associated with its own weight value. The determining for the second port is performed in parallel with the determining for the first port. A link from the link subset for the second port is selected based on the weight value associated with each link from the link subset of associated with the second port.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for optimizing elastic flows in a multi-path network for a traffic demand by jointly determining a bandwidth for each flow in a set of flows that realize the traffic demand and an optimized path for the traffic demand by maximizing a fairness utility. The present invention can be implemented as a computer program embodied on a computer readable medium in which the functions or steps of the method are implemented as code segments. In addition, the present invention can be implemented as an apparatus that includes a processor and an interface communicably coupling the processor to the multi-path network. The processor jointly determines a bandwidth for each flow in a set of flows that realize the traffic demand and an optimized path for the traffic demand by maximizing a fairness utility.

Abstract: A method includes receiving data from a series of network ports, transmitting the data to a first stage of a frame state machine, and determining if the data includes a key sequence. The method also includes moving the data from the first stage of the frame state machine to a second stage of the frame state machine if the data has the key sequence.

Abstract: Methods and devices for dividing differently sized data transmission units into fixed sized segments for use with a switch core. Differently sized data transmission units are divided into a number of fixed size segments. Each of the fixed size segments has a segment header section and segment payload section. The segment header section has routing information for the segments and a field for indicating whether the segment payload section is fully occupied or not. The segment payload section carries the actual data from the data transmission unit that has been divided. If the segment payload section is not fully occupied, a field in the payload section indicates how much of the space in the segment payload section is occupied. To track segments from the same data transmission unit the segment header section also has a EOP or end of package field that indicates whether a segment the end of the sequence of segments derived from a single divided data transmission unit.

Abstract: An Internet Protocol telephony exchange system and a call control method thereof. The exchange system integrates an IP terminal and a legacy terminal in a single exchange system, controls a call of the IP terminal in the same manner as an extension subscriber, and contains at least one IP terminal connected to the IP network. The IP terminal contains a user interface for generating user information or converting received user interface information into information of a user-identifiable state, and performs a VoIP function in compliance with one or more of a H.323, a MGCP and an SIP protocol procedure. The IP network is connected to an IP driver and an IP-PBX (Internet Protocol-Private Branch Exchange). The IP driver controls an IP end point at which the IP terminals are positioned, upon receiving IP terminal connection information and call control information based on H.323/MGCP/SIP protocol procedure.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transmitting broadcast information in a multi-carrier communication system. The Sync Channel of the multi-carrier system is transmitted a 1.25 MHz channel bandwidth (i.e., over a single carrier), and to specify the preferred channels for the Sync Channel transmission instead of the preferred channels for the entire multi-carrier system. The Sync Channel Message will carry the additional information to indicating the center frequency of a multi-carrier system within a reserved set of frequency bands and indicating the frequency of a single carrier system in the reserved set of frequency bands. Considering the A block of the PCS band again, the preferred channels for Sync Channel transmission can be selected as channels 75, 150 and 225. This selection ensures that one of the preferred channels will always be used by any multi-carrier system regardless the location of its center channel.

Abstract: A method of transmitting adjacent signals is disclosed. Sensing is performed on signals in the group and adjacent signals are either switched or delayed if the adjacent signals are switching at the same time. The method is used in networks where coupling and capacitance effects are possible.

Abstract: An NRZ to RZ conversion arrangement with a mode-locked laser, a wavelength locked feedback loop, and a disk shaped variable optical density filter wheel having a plurality of different filter components, filter 1, filter 2, filter 3, . . . filter n circumferentially spaced therearound. The disk filter wheel is driven to rotate about its central axis by a motor, with the filter being positioned in an external laser cavity having the laser and an external cavity mirror with diffraction grating rulings, which forms a frequency mode selective component. The disk filter is positioned parallel to the external cavity mirror, and by rotating the disk filter the wavelength of the mode locked laser is selectively tuned.

Abstract: A tunable laser source changes the resonator length of an external resonator, which is constituted including a laser diode and a diffraction grating, by a driver controlled by a drive control section, to continuously or intermittently vary the wavelength of an emitted light from a start wavelength to a stop wavelength that are desired. A point wavelength information setting section sets the point wavelength information representing the positional information of the driver that corresponds to each resonator length of the external resonator regarding the start wavelength, the stop wavelength and a plurality of the wavelengths obtained by dividing a period between the start wavelength and the stop wavelength into arbitrary steps. An emitted wavelength information detecting section detects emitted wavelength information corresponding to the wavelength of the emitted light from the tunable laser source.

Abstract: A laser oscillation apparatus, comprising a laser beam emitting unit for emitting an excitation light, an optical resonance unit at least having a laser crystal and an output mirror, a nonlinear optical medium which is placed in the optical resonance unit and which generates a second harmonic from a fundamental wave oscillated by the laser crystal, and a driving means for driving the laser beam emitting unit, wherein the nonlinear optical medium is held by a nonlinear optical medium holder, and the nonlinear optical medium holder can be rotated with respect to axes of at least two directions crossing to an optical axis passing through the optical resonance unit.

Abstract: A laser system is provided comprising of a laser source including a laser stabilizing control loop and a laser housing, the laser source producing an output beam. The laser system includes a wavelength selective optical member positioned in the laser housing, the wavelength selective optical member adjusting wavelength and output power of the output beam in response to wavelength or power fluctuations of the laser source due to intrinsic aging of the laser source or due to extrinsic local environmental changes. In some embodiments, the laser system is miniaturized and the wavelength selective optical members supports a zero beam path offset configuration.

Abstract: A method is provided for using an uncooled laser package having pre-established performance specifications that include a pre-established optical power level. The package is to be used at a second set of performance specifications that include a second optical power level greater than the preestablished optical power level. The method begins by applying a bias level to a laser diode in the uncooled laser package that optimizes distortion and causes the laser package to generate the second optical power level. The bias level is greater than a pre-established bias level specified to generate the pre-established optical power level. Next, the uncooled laser package is heated or cooled to maintain a substantially constant laser diode temperature.

Abstract: A laser oscillation apparatus, comprising a laser beam emitting unit for emitting an excitation light, an optical resonance unit at least having a laser crystal and an output mirror, a plurality of optical fibers for guiding the laser beam from the laser beam emitting unit to the optical resonance unit, and a driving means for driving the laser beam emitting unit, wherein the laser beam emitting unit has a plurality of light emitting sources on a straight line, the plurality of optical fibers are arranged and held in such manner that end surfaces of the optical fibers face the plurality of light emitting sources respectively and the plurality of optical fibers makes up a fiber array unit, wherein the fiber array unit is adjustably held between a pair of wedge-shaped holders each having a cross-section in triangular form.

Abstract: The present invention is generally directed towards a system and method for providing a high speed switching driver to transmit data information. A first current is switched through a diode or shunted through an alternate path to selectively bias the diode. A second current can also be selectively switched through the diode to modulate a light energy output transmitted from the diode. Based on this configuration, fast bias-switching for generating a modulated laser diode output can be achieved by selectively switching the bias current through the diode or alternate path. Consequently, a solid state device can be controlled to transmit data information after a relatively minimal setup time delay to bias the diode.

Abstract: A method of fabrication of laser gain material and utilization of such media includes the steps of introducing a transitional metal, preferably Cr2+ thin film of controllable thickness on the ZnS crystal facets after crystal growth by means of pulse laser deposition or plasma sputtering, thermal annealing of the crystals for effective thermal diffusion of the dopant into the crystal volume with a temperature and exposition time providing the highest concentration of the dopant in the volume without degrading laser performance due to scattering and concentration quenching, and formation of a microchip laser either by means of direct deposition of mirrors on flat and parallel polished facets of a thin Cr:ZnS wafer or by relying on the internal reflectance of such facets.

Abstract: Laser material is pumped and its stored energy is extracted in a heat capacity laser mode at a high duty factor. When the laser material reaches a maximum temperature, it is removed from the lasing region and a subsequent volume of laser material is positioned into the lasing region to repeat the lasing process. The heated laser material is cooled passively or actively outside the lasing region.

Abstract: A compressive strain GRIN-SCH-MQW active layer and a tensile strain GRIN-SCH-MQW active layer are laminated, and there are provided a diffraction grating formed in the vicinity of the compressive strain GRIN-SCH-MQW active layer and a diffraction grating formed in the vicinity of the tensile strain GRIN-SCH-MQW active layer, between the radiation end face and the reflection end face of the laser beam. A laser beam obtained by polarization-multiplexing a laser beam in the TE mode generated in the compressive strain GRIN-SCH-MQW active layer and a laser beam in the TE mode generated in the tensile strain GRIN-SCH-MQW active layer, and having a plurality of oscillation longitudinal modes of not larger than a predetermined output value is output by the wavelength selection characteristic of the diffraction gratings.

Abstract: A multimode source, such as a high-power laser diode bar, to pump an Nd3+ doped region defined in a cavity of a monolithic crystal structure. The axial length L1 of the doped region is chosen to optimize energy absorption from the multimode source while minimizing resonant re-absorption loss to unpumped Nd3+ ions. The next proximal cavity length L2 is an undoped region whose length is chosen to optimize the lowest order or fundamental spatial mode (“mode 9”) of the cavity. Advantageously, multi-parameter numerical optimization techniques may be employed in which the parameter set (e.g., doped length, L1, doping concentration, pump beam spot size, micro laser cavity length, and output coupler reflectivity) is varied to determine the overall optimal length L1opt.

Abstract: There is provided a semiconductor laser comprising a gain section and an adjacent Bragg section, wherein output laser light is emitted via a facet at an interface between air and the gain section, the Bragg section comprising a distributed reflecting structure having a length substantially greater than required to ensure single longitudinal mode operation of the laser in which the side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR) is 35 dB or more, thereby in use substantially suppressing optical feedback from a facet at an interface between the Bragg section and air, and wherein an interface between the Bragg section and the gain section is quantum well intermixed, thereby rendering the interface substantially anti-reflecting at the wavelength of the laser.

Abstract: A surface-emitting distributed feedback (SEDFB) laser is provided with a “fan-shaped” grating comprising a group of generally straight lines radiating from a central point that is away from the center of the gain. Such a grating provides better stability against self-induced filamentation and dynamic instabilities that limit achievable beam quality, especially in lasers having a stripe length greater than 1 mm.

Abstract: A distributed feedback semiconductor laser and a method of manufacture includes first and second clad layers having predetermined refractive indexes that are formed on a semiconductor substrate. A guide layer propagates light between the first and second clad layers. An oscillating clad layer oscillates light at a predetermined wavelength and an amplifying clad layer amplifies the light with a predetermined gain between the first clad layer and the guide layer. The distributed feedback semiconductor laser is divided into a laser oscillation section including the oscillating clad layer and a laser amplification section including the amplifying active layer. First and second gratings are formed on the lower surface of the guide layer in the laser oscillation section and in the laser amplification section, respectively.

Abstract: A an apparatus for locking a bending mechanism that bends a reflex type wavelength selection element for a bending mechanism that bends a reflex type wavelength selection element comprises a locking assembly. The locking assembly locks the bending mechanism. This allows maintaining the configuration of the reflex type wavelength selection element with the element being bent by the bending mechanism according to curvature of wavefront of an incident laser beam. Therefore, it is possible to stabilize the performance of wavelength selection in the reflex type wavelength selection element, even though the laser device receives vibration and shock.

Abstract: A modulated differential scanning calorimeter (MDSC) and a method for practicing MDSC that uses two separate temperature difference signals—the difference between the temperatures of the sample and reference positions and the difference between the temperatures of the sample position and a base position. This approach accounts for heat flows associated with the sample and reference pans, and for the difference in sample and pan heating rates to provide more accurate heat flow measurement and improve resolution. It also greatly reduces or eliminates the frequency dependence of the heat capacity calibration factor, which allows for the use of shorter modulation periods. Shorter rho modulation periods allow the use of higher underlying heating rates, allowing users to decrease the duration of their MDSC experiments.

Abstract: A method of measuring a thermal resistance of laminated resin sandwiched by a first member and a second member according to the present invention includes measuring, as thermal resistance of resin, a sum of thermal resistance of an interface between the resin and the first member, thermal restistance of an interface between the resin and the second member, and thermal resistance caused by conduction of heat through the resin.