Abstract: A slitting device including first and second cutting rollers disposed parallel to each other, a first guide roller axially adjacent to the first cutting roller, and a second guide roller axially adjacent to the second cutting roller. The cutting rollers have axially adjacent cutting edges at which a sheet material is cut into two strips, and recessed portions on the outer circumferential surfaces. The guide rollers have cutout portions circumferentially extending and axially opposed to each other on the outer circumferential surfaces, and projections defined by the cutout portions and opposed to the recessed portions of the cutting rollers. The cutting rollers cooperate with the corresponding guide rollers to define therebetween spaces for the strips of the sheet material. The cutting rollers and the guide rollers have a same outer diameter.

Abstract: Rolling method and line for rails or other sections starting from a steel bar, including a roughing step and a finishing step. The roughing step provides use of a two-high reversible roughing stand, or BDM (Break-Down Mill), associated with a reversible edging stand (RES), which can be located irrespectively upstream or downstream of the BDM stand.

Abstract: An equalizing fluid-operated apparatus for use with a pressing machine, the apparatus including a flat common manifold which has bottomed holes having respective bottoms, and a communication passage that communicates the bottomed holes with each other, and rod guides which are integrally and fixedly provided around respective openings of the bottomed holes of the manifold, such that each of the rod guides guides a movement of a piston rod of a corresponding one of fluid-operated cylinders, and prevents the piston rod from coming off the one fluid-operated cylinder, the bottomed holes and the communication passage of the manifold being filled with a working fluid, so that the bottomed holes function as respective pressure chambers of the fluid-operated cylinders.

Abstract: A hydraulic compression tool having a frame, a hydraulic fluid reservoir on the frame, a ram movably connected to the frame, a conduit system in the frame between the reservoir and the ram, a pump provided in the conduit system, a mechanical actuator provided in the conduit system for contacting the ram, and a bypass valve in the conduit system between a rear end of the ram and a channel of the conduit system to the rear end of the mechanical actuator. The conduit system is adapted to conduit fluid from, the pump against both the rear end of the ram and a rear end of the mechanical actuator. The bypass valve is located, at least partially, in a housing member of the mechanical actuator.

Abstract: Press brake tool holders suitable for releasing and securing press brake tools in response to applied fluid pressure. One press brake tool holder includes a horizontally elongated body having a cam shaft bore disposed longitudinally therethrough, and receiving a slidably and sealingly mounted cam shaft therein. The cam shaft can have at least one axial camming surface, having a large outer diameter region axially tapered to a small outer diameter region, and in contact with a cam follower pin slidably disposed in a cam follower pin bore transversely disposed through the body. The cam follower pin can bear against a pivotally mounted clamp disposed about the body. In response to applied fluid pressure, the camming surface can slide axially, thereby increasing the effective outer diameter as seen by the cam follower pin, thereby urging the cam follower pin outward and against the upper portion of the pivotally mounted clamp, and closing the lower clamp portion about a press brake tool.

Abstract: A measuring instrument, especially a flowmeter, whose measuring operation consists in the quantification of an output value as a function of an input value. According to the invention, the input value can be varied, the output value corresponding to a given input value can be measured, and a malfunction of the measuring operation of the measuring instrument can be detected on the basis of a deviation, beyond an established threshold value, of the output values measured at different input values, from the output value expected as a function of the relationship between the input value and the output value. The measuring instrument thus permits reliable and simple determination of a malfunction in the measuring operation by virtue of a self-test.

Abstract: An air conditioner line leak tester for testing for any leaks in an air conditioner system without risking loss of coolant into the atmosphere. The device comprises a housing having first and second air pressure gauges mounted on and extending into the housing. A first tubular member is fluidly coupled to the first air pressure gauge and has a free end adapted for removably coupling a lower pressure side of the air conditioner. A second tubular member is fluidly coupled to the second air pressure gauge and a free end adapted for removably coupling a higher pressure side of the air conditioner. A one way valve is coupled to the first and second tubular members. A supply conduit is removably coupled to the one way valve for supplying pressured air to the first and second tubular members for measuring air pressure in the lower and higher sides.

Abstract: In a method and apparatus for detecting leaks in riser and lid assemblies, a difference in pressure between the inside of the riser and cover assembly and the outside is created and monitored to insure that no leaks exist. Preferably, a vacuum is created on the inside of the riser and cover assembly. This vacuum is then monitored for a set period of time to insure that the total change in pressure does not exceed a threshold. In a highly preferred embodiment, an apparatus automatically creates the desired vacuum and then isolates a vacuum gauge to monitor the vacuum in the riser. Method for isolating a leak are also presented in the event that a leak is detected.

Abstract: A method of leakage testing a volatile liquid tank farm together with a vapour recovery system, to collect vapour from the tanks at the time of re-filling them with volatile liquid. The tank farm has individual fill-pipes (13) for each tank (10) with each fill-pipe outlet below the normal minimum liquid level in the tank and each tank having a vent-pipe (11) connected to a common manifold (25). To perform the test, the common manifold is closed to atmosphere and one side of a shut-off valve (17) is connected to the manifold (25), a flow meter (20) being connected to the other side of the shut-off valve.

Abstract: There is described a method of diagnosing leakage in a common-rail injection system of an internal combustion engine having a number of cylinders; the injection system having a number of injectors, each supplying high-pressure fuel to a respective cylinder of the engine, and a fuel supply circuit supplying fuel to the injectors. The diagnosis method includes the steps of determining the contribution of each cylinder to the angular acceleration of the engine; determining, for each cylinder, an unbalance index indicating the unbalance of the angular acceleration contribution of the cylinder with respect to the angular acceleration contributions of the other cylinders; reducing, upon detection of a fault in the injection system, the amount of fuel injected into each cylinder; and distinguishing, for each injector, between a jammed-open injector condition and a fault condition in the fuel supply circuit, on the basis of the variation in the unbalance index of the respective cylinder following the fuel reduction.

Abstract: An apparatus for testing a waterproof state of a sub insertion portion of a grommet provided in eccentric with a main insertion portion. The apparatus is provided with an enclosure for sealably enclosing an end portion of the sub insertion portion, an air feeder for feeding air for testing to a space in which the sub insertion portion is sealably accommodated, and a judging apparatus for judging whether the sub insertion portion is in a good waterproof state based on a status of the air fed from the air feeder.

Abstract: A scanning rheometer is presented for the Theological property measurement of electrorheological (ER) and magnetorheological (MR) fluids using a non-linear viscoplastic model, based on the fluid height variation with respect to time. The rheometer basically includes a static (e.g., an overhead reservoir) or a dynamic source of fluid, a channel or slit whose sides form electrodes which are in contact with the flowing ER fluid, or a capillary tube exposed to a static/alternating magnetic field for flowing MR fluids, a transfer tube, either one or two riser tubes, and a column level detector for monitoring the column of fluid as it moves in one of the riser tubes. The column level detector is coupled to a processor which analyzes, among other things, column height vs. time data to determine both viscosity and yield stress. The rheometer overcomes one of the major drawbacks of the conventional rheometer: the inability to produce the yield stress of the ER, or MR, fluid in an absolute zero shear rate range.

Abstract: A method and system of performing multiphase flow measurements. The method includes separating an incoming multiphase flow into a majority liquid component and a majority gas component. The majority liquid component comprises a water component and an oil component. The method further includes determining if the majority liquid component includes entrained gas. If the majority liquid component is substantially free from entrained gas, then the method further includes determining a water-cut of the majority liquid component, determining a density of the majority liquid component using a Coriolis flowmeter, and processing the water-cut and the density of the majority liquid component to determine a density of the oil component.

Abstract: Corrosion sensors and methods of their use for monitoring corrosion of a material of interest. The corrosion sensors are adapted to be placed in the environment containing the material of interest during the period when corrosion is taking place. The corrosion sensors include a power source, a visual indicator and an electrode contained on a support. Changes in the electrical resistance of the electrode facilitate a display on the visual indicator including changes in color or brightness. Some corrosion sensors have power sources activated by directing a light source or other electromagnetic radiation source at the corrosion sensor. Some corrosion sensors have visual indicators containing thermochromic or electrochromic materials that are responsive to changes in voltage drop or current flow across the visual indicator. Some corrosion sensors have tracking devices to provide tracking information about the corrosion sensor.

Abstract: A system for handling and servicing a racing car at a track or other race course employs an open platform for supporting the car by its tires in a horizontal position. The platform supports the car in a carrier vehicle, for example a truck or trailer, when the carrier vehicle is transporting the car to the race course. The platform is also used to unload the car from the carrier vehicle onto the ground and to load the car from the ground into the carrier vehicle. In addition, the platform is used at the race course to elevate the car so that its undercarriage may be conveniently and comfortably accessed through an opening in the platform and thus may be worked on or inspected to prepare or improve the car for racing, by a person who, since he or she is not required to lie on the ground, has full use of both hands and ergonomically favorable body position and leverage.

Abstract: An improved method of determining and preserving soak-related time intervals of an internal combustion engine resets a continuous timer at the end of each engine run period, and reads the value of the continuous timer at specified events during an ignition key cycle. The method measures and preserves the engine soak time preceding the current and previous ignition key cycle, and determines an extended soak time that includes intervals of engine operation that are too short to significantly affect the engine thermal and fuel vapor purge conditions. The determined soak-related times are then utilized by various engine control and/or diagnostic algorithms, such as a hot re-start fuel control algorithm.

Abstract: With the present method, after calibrating the rotary position transducer employed for direct TDC determination, the pressure curve inside the cylinder and the directly measured TDC timing in various operating states and if necessary different engine-specific parameters are recorded simultaneously, correlated as discrete value pairs and stored as a data set. With one part of the data set a knowledge-based system is trained and varied till the TDC timing output for all operating states and engine types considered agrees with a TDC time previously measured directly, within the desired accuracy. To detect the TDC from the pressure curve inside the cylinder with unkown and possibly different engine types, measured pressure values are put into the knowledge-based system unaltered after training, at whose output the required TDC is given.

Abstract: A sensor and method for measuring the volatility of liquid gasoline by estimating its driveability index includes a sensing element having an interdigitated array of electrically conducting capacitor plates arranged to retain a predetermined volume of gasoline, the volatility of which is to be measured. The sensing element is mounted in a vehicle to be in contact with the flow of gasoline while the engine is running so that a volume certain of gasoline is drawn between and remains within the electrically conducting plates when the engine is turned off. The sensing element is connected to circuitry used to measure the change in capacitance of the sensing element as a function of time while simultaneously measuring the temperature change of the sensing element as the volume of gasoline retained by the sensing element is evaporated over time. The measurements obtained by the circuitry are used in estimating the drivability index of the gasoline.

Abstract: A method of designing a tire which takes into consideration actual conditions in the presence of a fluid, such as drainage performance, on-snow performance, noise performance, and the like. A tire model and a fluid model including the shape, structure, and the like are constructed, and a road surface condition is inputted (steps 100 to 106). Boundary conditions during tire rolling or tire nonrolling are set (step 108), deformation calculation and fluid calculation of the tire model are performed (steps 110 to 114), and a boundary surface between the tire model and the fluid model is recognized to update the boundary conditions (steps 118 and 120). The result of calculation is outputted as the result of estimation, and based on this result of estimation, main travel paths of the fluid, i.e.

Abstract: A simultaneous measurement of small displacements, from which forces, moments, pressures, and other physical quantities can be determined, with a high degree of precision and accuracy. A computer may be used to resolve the displacement into the applied loads. More specifically, a class of precision instruments is provided whose chief task is to resolve the applied loads acting on a body into their component forces and moments relative to a fixed coordinated axis system. This class of instruments includes the measurement of forces and moments acting on models tested in aerodynamic wind tunnel facilities.

Abstract: A method for determining the suction pressure of a centrifugal pump including the steps of determining pump torque and pump discharge pressure at at least two different speeds, forming a first order wave curve as a straight line using said pump torque and pump discharge and determining suction pressure from the y axis intercept of said line.

Abstract: The present invention relates to back-up instruments for aiding the piloting of an aircraft, which instruments are intended to provide, with high security of operation, indications relating to the pressure altitude, the conventional speed and the attitude (angles of roll and of pitch) of the aircraft, this being for the purpose of serving both as reference for the control of the proper operation of the main systems of on-board and back-up instruments in the event of a fault with the main system or systems of on-board instruments. It relates more particularly to combined back-up instruments including an electronic portion endowing them with a degree of calculational power.

Abstract: A device for measuring the flow of a fluid located in a fluid channel heats the fluid channel without additional components. A metallic tube (2) with predetermined thermoelectric potential is provided as a fluid channel. An a.c. power source (7) is connected to a partial section (6) of the tube (2) in such a manner that the partial section (6) is heated as a resistor element to an increased working temperature compared with the temperature of the fluid. At least one thermocouple (12) is provided with junction points formed along the partial section (6) in such a manner that at least two wires (8, 9) with another thermoelectric potential are connected to the tube (2) in the area of the partial section (6). A measuring circuit (13, 14, 15) evaluates the thermocouple voltage of the thermocouple (12) and has a circuit (13) which eliminates the a.c. voltage component superimposed to the thermocouple voltage as a consequence of the a.c. heating.

Abstract: A method for measuring level with a plurality of capacitive sensors arranged next to each other along a filling section. The method steps are: subjecting a sensor to a measuring signal and subjecting an adjacent sensor to a phase-displaced measuring signal. Then the resulting signals on the sensors are measured. Next the phase displacement between the resulting signals is determined. Then the level is established in accordance with the phase displacement.

Abstract: A digital signal fuel sensor includes a digital sensor and a wiper assembly for rotation relative to the digital sensor. The digital sensor has a plurality of sensing portions having at least one conductive segment thereon forming a fuel level portion. The wiper assembly also includes a plurality of contact arms extending toward the digital sensor for contacting the sensing portions of the digital sensor as the wiper assembly rotates to produce a binary output.

Abstract: A liquid level gauge assembly including a dial assembly having a shaped magnet and a removable magnetic detector with a magnetic sensor, preferably a Hall sensor. The dial assembly can provide both visual and electrical signal outputs of the liquid level measured by the gauge assembly. The shaped magnet has a variable thickness which, in cooperation with the Hall sensor, provides a linear output signal from the detector over more than 270 degrees.

Abstract: A method and system relating to an improvement in measuring accuracy of a gas concentration sensor, the method comprising the steps of measuring a parameter of the sensor, the parameter being a resistance or a capacitance, that is sensitive to the gas or its concentration being measured, and simultaneously changing the temperature of the sensor in a cyclic manner. The parameter of the sensor being measured is measured more than two times or continuously during each heating cycle. The measured parameter value is filtered to obtain a signal component associated with the fundamental frequency of the heating cycle for use at a later step, and the thus filtered signal component is used in the correction and/or calibration of actual output signal of the sensor.

Abstract: The present invention is a semiconductor sensor package for incorporating a semiconductor sensor chip. The main surface for mounting the semiconductor sensor chip is formed at a predetermined angle with respect to the surface of a printed circuit board for mounting the package. The main surface is provided with a plurality of terminals along two opposite sides for connecting with the input/output terminals of the semiconductor sensor chip and a bottom surface perpendicular to the main surface with a plurality of pins respectively formed along two sides parallel to the main surface. The plurality of pins are inserted into mounting holes formed in the printed circuit board, and the plurality of terminals provided along parallel sides the pins are electrically connected.

Abstract: A bearing assembly tachometer device for attachment to a rotating shaft which comprises bearing target members disposed between a rotating inner ring member and a non-rotating outer ring to reduce friction therebetween, and a sensing device such as a Hall Effect sensor for detecting passage of the bearing target members as the inner ring member rotates, where the bearing target members are fixed in equidistant circumferential position about the inner ring member such that each said bearing target member rotates about the central axis of the inner ring member the same number of rotations as the inner ring member itself.

Abstract: A digital phase locked loop includes an automatic gain control that applies a gain to an input signal in order to provide a gain controlled signal. A 90° phase shifter applies a 90° phase shift to the gain controlled signal in order to provide a 90° phase shifted version of the gain controlled signal. A phase detector is driven by the gain controlled signal, by the 90° phase shifted version of the gain controlled signal, and by sinusoidal and co-sinusoidal signals. A loop filter integrates an output of the phase detector and provide servo equalization for the phase-locked loop. A digital dual frequency oscillator has a fundamental frequency controlled by an output signal from the loop filter. Also, the digital dual frequency oscillator generates the sinusoidal and co-sinusoidal signals.

Abstract: A self-testing sensor (especially to measure an angular rate or acceleration) includes a resonant structure, an actor unit configured to excite the structure to a first periodic vibration, a piezoresistive element configured to generate an output signal that depends on the measured quantity, and an isolator configured to isolate a test signal component from the output signal, whereby the test signal component is generated by a second periodic vibration of the structure superposed on the first vibration. A device for self-testing a sensor includes an isolator configured to isolate a test signal component superposed on a useful signal component from the periodic output signal of the sensor, and it includes a comparator configured to compare the test signal component with a predefined value or a test signal fed to the sensor. For the self-test, a second periodic vibration is superposed on a first vibration of the structure, and an output signal containing information on the measured quantity is determined.

Abstract: A vibrating gyroscope includes: a vibrator having an driving electrode and two detecting electrodes; a first drive circuit for applying a first drive signal to the driving electrode; a second drive circuit for applying a second drive signal having an inverted phase of the drive signal, or an inverted phase of a detection signal detected from the two detecting electrodes, to the detecting electrodes; and a detection circuit for detecting the detected signal in correspondence with the rotational angular velocity from the two detecting electrodes.

Abstract: The present invention aims at improving detection sensitivity of an angular rate sensor that uses a tuning fork vibrator composed of mono-quartz piezoelectric material such as crystallized quartz. To achieve this purpose, the present invention includes a tuning fork vibrator (10) having two tuning fork prongs (10a) and (10b), and a tuning fork base (10c), comprised of two vibrators (20) and (30) directly bonded into one piece in an orientation of their thickness in a manner that they are oriented in a direction of crystallographic axis that produces piezoelectric phenomenon of reversed polarity with respect to each other in a lateral direction.

Abstract: A smart skin structure has vibration energy managing and steering capabilities. The skin can be used to managing vibrations in the skin or shell of a system, subcomponent, device, or structure. The skin has sensors coupled to the skin to obtain a response to vibrations. Actuators integral with the skin can be selectively activated to apply forces to the skin to confine or redirect vibration energy to one or more predetermined skin regions. The forces applied by the actuators can be controlled to create confinement power flows. Further, the skin actuators can be controlled using spatial derivatives of the vibration forces. The structure can be used in, but is not limited to, watercraft, aircraft, space vehicles, automobiles, marine devices, industrial machinery, machine tools, home appliances, buildings, bridges, and offshore oil platforms.

Abstract: A method for measuring a pressure between a pair of pressing surfaces in point or linear contact with each other by utilizing a pressure measuring film which causes a pressurized portion thereof to develop a color in proportion with the pressure applied. An elastic sheet is disposed between the pressing surface having the point/linear contact portion and the pressure measuring film so as to decrease the pressure transmitted and applied to the pressure measuring film. The pressure distribution obtained from the colored image formed on the pressure measuring film is used to determine the actual maximum pressure applied between the pressing surfaces. It is possible to measure the large pressure which falls in or exceeds the measurable pressure range of the pressure measuring film.

Abstract: The present invention provides a stable differential pressure measurement system. Two micro-machined semiconductive capacitive sensors each has a diaphragm exposed on one side and having a sealed partially evacuated chamber within the sensor on the other side of the diaphragm. A circuit corrects the slope responses and offsets of the capacitive sensor output signals to provide an accurate differential pressure measurement. Sensitive electronics are buried within the sensors and isolated within the sealed housing to protect them from harsh surrounding media. Such harsh surrounding media can be found when the system is used in an automobile exhaust system.

Abstract: A high-accuracy high-stability capacitor type pressure sensor which eliminates a parasitic capacitance between a reference capacitor and a semiconductor substrate. A capacitor type pressure sensor comprising, on a semiconductor substrate 10, an active capacitor 100 whose capacitance varies as the surrounding pressure varies, a reference capacitor 200 whose capacitance will not vary substantially as the surrounding pressure varies, and a circuit which is electrically connected to both said active and reference capacitors 100 and 200, detects the difference or ratio thereof, and uses the potential of a semiconductor substrate, wherein an electrode 30a of said reference capacitor is formed on the semiconductor substrate 10 with a dielectric 20 therebetween.

Abstract: There is disclosed a high temperature surface mounted pressure transducer. The pressure transducer consists of three basic parts which include an ultra thin surface mount sensor positioned on a borosilicate glass structure having four or more circular depressions which correspond to the contact areas of the semiconductor sensor with additional depressed lead-out channels. The lead-out channels and the contact depressions are metalized with a high temperature metalization system. The composite structure consisting of the ultra thin surface mount sensor and borosilicate glass support structure is now mounted in a metallic flat-pack header or housing. In so mounting, the sensor is first mounted to the glass structure using a metal glass frit in the contact depressions and as Pyroceram glass in the non-protruding area of the sensor structure.

Abstract: A pressure sensor is constructed to include a sensor housing formed of metal, and a connector housing mainly formed of synthetic resin. The connector housing includes a shoulder portion thereof in the form of a metal plate having an inner and an outer periphery thereof. On the shoulder portion, there is formed a juncture of the sensor and connector housing as a result of joining the sensor and connector housing by curling a projecting portion or one of two end portions of the sensor housing toward the shoulder portion. Wherein, the curling is performed under engagement of the sensor and connector housing therebetween, for assembling the pressure sensor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of measuring the biaxial shaping behaviour of metal materials, more particularly sheet metal. In the measuring method a flow locus curve comprehensively describing the shaping behaviour of the material is determined by determining the flow limits under tensile and compressive loading of secondary samples of a primary sample previously subjected to at least tensile, but preferably also to compressive loading. Preferably a number of flow locus curves of different preliminary loading of the primary sample are determined for each material. These flow locus curves, completely ascertained by tests, provide the further processor with a reliable ancillary means of selecting a material required for the particular shaping operation.

Abstract: A method tests a ceramic socket insert of a hip joint endoprosthesis in which, in use, a spherical head articulates against a functional inner surface of a ceramic socket insert which is anchored in a pelvic bone by means of a socket housing. The method includes providing the ceramic socket insert in a holding arrangement, applying a predetermined pressing force to a predetermined sub-area of the functional inner surface of the ceramic socket insert, and applying a supporting force to a sub-area of an outer surface of the ceramic socket insert to counteract the pressing force. The predetermined sub-area of the functional inner surface symmetrically surrounds a pole of the inner surface of a ceramic socket insert. The predetermined force is such that stresses generated in the ceramic socket insert are higher than stresses generated in the case of a physiological load.

Abstract: A method and art apparatus are proposed for inspecting solder balls on a BGA (Ball Grid Array) package, which are capable of rejecting defectively-bonded solder balls while allowing properly-bonded ones to pass therethrough. The proposed method and apparatus are characterized by the use of a rotatable disk having a plurality of flaps arranged at equal angular intervals along the perimeter thereof, and which is capable of being rotated in steps if a force greater than a preset threshold torque is being applied tangentially to any one of the flaps. The threshold torque is set to be equal to or less than the shear-resistant strength of a properly-bonded solder ball but greater than the shear-resistant strength of a defectively-bonded one. During an inspection procedure, the BGA package is moved toward the rotatable disk to allow each solder ball to push against one of the flaps on the rotatable disk.

Abstract: An ultrasonic Doppler flow-meter comprises a substrate with a piezoelectricity, input- and output interdigital transducers formed on a first end surface of the substrate, and a signal analyzing unit connected between the input- and output interdigital transducers. A second end surface of the substrate is in contact with a liquid. The finger direction the output interdigital transducer is slanting to that of the input interdigital transducer. When an input electric signal with a carrier frequency f0 is applied to the input interdigital transducer, a leaky Lamb wave is excited in the substrate. The leaky Lamb wave is radiated into the liquid in the form of a longitudinal wave, which is reflected back by a material in the liquid. The reflected longitudinal wave is detected at the output interdigital transducer as a delayed electric signal with a Doppler frequency f.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the flow rate of a fluid flowing through a minimal flow pipeline with a Coriolis effect mass flowmeter. The flowmeter has a single flow tube with two loops. The loops are connected by a cross-over section and are adapted to be vibrated in phase opposition by a driver. The phase difference between the ends of the vibrating loops is measured. The measured phase difference is used to find the flow rate of the fluid. The flow tube is fixably attached to an anchor which is, in turn, attached to a housing. The anchor separates the vibrating dynamic portion of the flowmeter from the non-vibrating portion of the flowmeter.

Abstract: A high temperature gas flow sensing element module, using Pitot tube technology, for use within a fluid conduit consisting of a housing having an inlet, an outlet, and forming a hollow interior cross-sectional area. Individually, the gas flow sensing element modules fit easily through typical furnace access doors. Thus, in typical furnace retrofit applications, a plurality of equally sized gas flow sensing element modules are arranged adjacent one another in a manner such that the inside dimensions of the entire arrangement coincide with the internal dimensions of the plenum or duct opening into which it is inserted. Pressure averaging piping is used to provide average total and static pressure across the entire gas flow sensing element to differential pressure flow indicators and/or transmitting devices.

Abstract: A velocity measurement probe comprises a straight body, four bent prongs projecting from the body and two cross-wires secured by the prongs. The prong tips are at right angles to the opposite ends of the prongs, which project at first in the body's axial direction. The probe in its entirety lies in a first geometric plane. The two cross-wires, retained at the tips of the prongs, lie in a second geometric plane which is orthogonal to the first geometric plane and which is parallel to the body's geometric axis. The probe is typically adaptable to connection with an anenometer, and is especially suitable for measuring the velocities of fluids at remote locations of an aperature, such as at an apertural edge which is directionally downstream of the fluid flow.

Abstract: A test body deformable upon application of torque to a turning shaft. First and second bearings with the turning collar of the first bearing being connected near a first end of the test body and the turning collar of the second bearing being connected near a second end of the test body. Each bearing is equipped with a digital device for determining the angular position of the turning collar relative to the fixed collar. Each digital device includes an annular device for generating magnetic pulses, mounted for turning jointly with the turning collar, and a fixed magnetic sensor for detecting the magnetic pulses and for delivering digital signals. An electronic device processes digital signals from the magnetic sensors to determine the angular position of the annular devices, and a comparison device compares the digital signals to ascertain the torque applied to the turning shaft.

Abstract: A vertical movement capacitive torque sensor for a rotating shaft such as the steering column of an automobile includes dielectric vanes interposed between capacitor plates which are moveable proportional to the angular displacement of two shaft portions which are linked by a torsion bar or concentric inner and outer shaft portions, the vanes move in a radial direction perpendicular to the shaft axis. Concentric capacitor rings are provided so that a bridge circuit can easily indicate differential capacitance which is proportional to clockwise or counter-clockwise torque.

Abstract: Apparatus for sampling a liquid, said apparatus comprising: i) a sampling device capable of automatically taking a known volume of liquid from a source; ii) fixing means connected to said sampling device and removably attachable to a solid phase extraction (SPE) unit, the fixing means being arranged such that liquid taken from a sample by the sampling device is passed directly through the solid phase extraction unit; iii) a reading device able to read labels on an SPE unit attached to said fixing means; iv) a controller arranged to log codes based upon a signal from the reading device, and thereafter issue instructions to an operator and/or operate the sampling device to take an appropriate volume of liquid in response to a signal from said reading device. Methods of sampling using the apparatus are also claimed. These are useful in, for example analysis methods.

Abstract: A sampling device containing an adsorbing material and fitted with a cap formed with an elongate passage through which gases may pass into and out of the device. When fitted to the device, the elongate passage in the cap effectively seals the device, requiring a flow of gas to be driven through the device to obtain a sample therefrom.