Abstract: An integrated level shifter circuit converts an input signal having a first voltage potential to an output signal having a second voltage potential. The level shifter circuit provides circuit operation between the sections when the voltage potential of the input logic signal is converted to the output logic signal having lower voltage potential. For logic signals transmitted between sections of an integrated circuit operating with different supply voltages. The level shift circuit for each input includes two transistors and a voltage divider circuit having two resistors in series. The values of the resistors are selected to yield a desired output voltage at a node between the two resistors. In effect, the resistors lessen the a full 0.9 volt diode drop to yield a level shift which is a fraction of a diode drop. A capacitor in parallel with the resistor provides a path for AC signals and increases both the speed and bandwidth of the level shifter.

Abstract: An integrated receiver with channel selection and image rejection substantially implemented on a single CMOS integrated circuit is described. A receiver front end provides programable attenuation and a programable gain low noise amplifier. Frequency conversion circuitry advantageously uses LC filters integrated onto the substrate in conjunction with image reject mixers to provide sufficient image frequency rejection. Filter tuning and inductor Q compensation over temperature are performed on chip. The filters utilize multi track spiral inductors. The filters are tuned using local oscillators to tune a substitute filter, and frequency scaling during filter component values to those of the filter being tuned. In conjunction with filtering, frequency planning provides additional image rejection. The advantageous choice of local oscillator signal generation methods on chip is by PLL out of band local oscillation and by direct synthesis for in band local oscillator.

Abstract: A charge pump circuit, connected between a first voltage reference and an output terminal, comprises at least two stages comprising an elementary charge pump circuit connected between said first voltage reference and said output terminal, and adjustment circuitry connected between said output terminal and respective control terminals of said at least two stages. This circuitry is arranged to select for actuation an appropriate combination of these elementary stages according to the current absorbed from a load connected to the output terminal.

Abstract: The current source circuit generates a reference current by using an external resistor connected between a terminal and ground. This current source circuit comprises a differential amplifier circuit connected at one of input terminals thereof to a reference power source and connected at the other input terminal thereof to the terminal, a first PNP transistor connected at its base to one of output terminals of the differential amplifier circuit and connected at its collector to the terminal, and a second PNP transistor which is connected at its base to the base of the first PNP transistor and which outputs a reference current from its collector.

Abstract: An integrated circuit voltage regulator compensates for temperature variations by adjusting a gain of an amplifier. In one embodiment, the gain is controlled by a voltage divider circuit comprised of a first resistor having a first temperature coefficient, and a second resistor having a second temperature coefficient which is different from the first coefficient. In one embodiment, the first resistor is a p-channel transistor and the second resistance is fabricated from integrated circuit active area.

Abstract: A differential circuit stage that produces a difference signal from two input signals, and a gain stage which applies a gain to the difference signal, the gain stage having a pair of transistors connected to balance gate-leakage current in the differential stage. A first transistor is connected to the differential stage and the first transistor is sized to provide current to balance the differential stage. A second transistor is connected to the first transistor and the second transistor is sized to eliminate leakage current in the first transistor.

Abstract: A switched capacitor amplifier includes a pair of output capacitors, providing high throughput suitable for pipestaged circuit applications. During operation, the amplifiers may generate an evaluation output once per clock cycle. During a first clock cycle, one of the two output capacitors holds an evaluation potential to be output from the amplifier and the second output capacitor both precharges and evaluates. During a second clock cycle, the roles of the output capacitors reverse and the second output capacitor holds the evaluation potential and the first output capacitor precharges and evaluates. The invention is suitable for use with a variety of amplifier topologies.

Abstract: The present invention provides a high frequency power amplifier of an open-loop type, which outputs a signal having a level corresponding to an output level required under control of a power supply voltage for each output power FET, based on a control signal for the output level. The high frequency power amplifier is provided with a bias voltage generating circuit which generates a gate bias voltage of each output power FET according to an output voltage of a power control circuit for controlling the power supply voltage for the output power FET, based on the control signal for the output level.

Abstract: A wideband linear amplification system amplifies an input signal to produce an amplified output signal. An envelope detector determines an envelope detector signal based on the input signal. An amplifier bias controller produces multiple control signals based on the envelope detector signal. A predistortion signal loop modifies the input signal, using a companion amplifier stage, based on a first control signal of the multiple control signals to produce a predistorted input signal that includes a distortion component introduced by the companion amplifier stage. A main amplifier stage amplifies the predistorted input signal to produce the amplified output signal based on a second control signal of the multiple control signals, wherein the distortion component of the predistorted input signal at least partially cancels a distortion component introduced to the amplified output signal by the main amplifier stage.

Abstract: A method for removing effects of gain and phase mismatch in amplification branches of a linear amplification using nonlinear components (LINC) system. The method includes receiving an input signal, calculating a relative phase and gain difference in the amplification branches, and generating phasing components. The input signal is then controllably separated into a plurality of branch signals of different but constant envelope. The mismatch between branches may cause each branch signal to have a different envelop. The phases of the branch signals are then appropriately adjusted in a certain amount of corresponding phasing components, such that when the branch signals are recombined, the combined signal substantially replicates the input signal.

Abstract: The input signal (110) to a non-linear amplifier (112) is predistorted by injecting a correction signal at coupler (124). To generate the correction signal, a sample of the input signal is amplified using amplifier (130) which has substantially the same distortion generating characteristics as amplifier (112). The output of amplifier (130) is sampled, and the main tone energy is removed at (138), leaving the correction signal for injection to the main signal path. The main portion of the output of amplifier (130) is added coherently to the output of amplifier (112) to enhance efficiency. The correction signal can be manipulated to correct distortion in the output of combiner (152) due to the main portion of the output of amplifier (130).

Abstract: A two stage amplifier circuit (10), the first stage (12) comprising a modified quad configuration and the second stage (14) comprising a translinear current amplifier configuration. The present invention achieves the advantages of fast response time, low distortion and improved bandwidth.

Abstract: A variable gain amplifier circuit (100) that may have a gain exponentially changed has been disclosed. A variable gain amplifier circuit (100) may include a first OTA (Operational Transconductance Amplifier) (11) and a second OTA (12). A first OTA (11) may receive a differential voltage at input terminals (IN1 and IN2). A second OTA (12) may receive an output from a first OTA (11) and may provide a differential output voltage at output terminals (OUT1 and OUT2). A second OTA (12) may have second OTA input terminals and second OTA output terminals commonly connected to output terminals (OUT1 and OUT2). A small-signal transconductance of the first and second OTAs (11 and 12) may be proportional to driving currents. A first OTA (11) may have a driving current of I0{1+tan h(x/a)} and a second OTA (12) may have a driving current of I0{1−tan h(x/a)}, where −1<x<1 and a is a constant.

Abstract: A current amplifier comprising an amplifier circuit with overall negative feedback and an output current amplification circuit. In one embodiment, a photodiode provides a current to be amplified and the amplifier circuit and the output current amplification circuit are implemented using MOS technology.

Abstract: The present invention provides a power supply circuit, which supplies a power supply voltage to a high frequency power amplifier. The power supply circuit comprises a DC-DC converter, a voltage control transistor, and a control circuit which controls the voltage control transistor. When the power supply circuit is used in a CDMA-system cellular phone, the power supply circuit supplies a power supply voltage generated by the DC-DC converter to the high frequency power amplifier upon a low output, whereas upon a high output, the power supply circuit turns on the voltage control transistor to directly supply a battery voltage to the high frequency power amplifier.

Abstract: The invention concerns an amplifier comprising an input circuit (26) tuned on the frequency to be amplified and receiving in input the signal to be amplified, a first transistor (Q2) connected in common base, whereof the transmitter is coupled to an input circuit and whereof the collector supplies the amplifier output signal, and a feedback circuit returning on the base of said transistor a fraction of the output voltage. The feedback circuit comprises a capacitive bridge (Ca, Cb) and a second transistor (Q3). The input circuit can form part of a first stage of the amplifier or of a mixer.

Abstract: An all-digital frequency synthesizer architecture is built around a digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) that is tuned in response to a digital tuning word (OTW).

Abstract: There are provided an internal oscillation transistor; a terminal that is connected to the base of the oscillation transistor and to which an external resonance circuit is to be connected; and two internal diodes provided between the terminal and the ground, for preventing electrostatic breakdown of the oscillation transistor. The cathodes of the two diodes are connected to each other and supplied with a reverse-bias voltage. The anode of one diode is grounded and the anode of the other diode is connected to the terminal by a first resistor. An internal second resistor for DC-grounding the terminal is also provided.

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a voltage controlled oscillator providing a strip line resonator in the inside layer of a multilayer substrate and less in the dispersion of oscillation frequency by humidity. SOLUTION: Polytetrafluoroethylene is used as the core material of the multilayer substrate. Since the polytetrafluoroethylene has smaller water absorptivity than glass epoxy, the change of dielectricity to the change of humidity. As a result, also the change of the resonant frequency of the strip line resonator formed in the inside layer of the multilayer substrate is small, as a result, also the change of oscillation frequency becomes small. Then, since the change of the oscillation frequency is small, control voltage sensitivity can be reduced, and thus, C/N characteristics is improved.

Abstract: An oscillator circuit (300) comprising: a resonator (Q) connected between an input (IN)and an output (OUT); an inverter having first and second driver transistors (MP, MN) connected in series via an output-coupled node; first and second biasing transistors (MPD, MND) for biasing the driver transistors; and first and second limiting means between the gate electrodes of the driver transistors respectively and the output. The CMOS circuit allows regulation of the oscillation amplitude without need for well-controlled DC current sources to polarize correctly the driver transistors, and without need for a start-up circuit to ensure that both driver transistors remain in saturation when the circuit is powered on. A simple oscillator circuit (600) has an inverter whose input is capacitively coupled to the input (IN), first limiting means coupled between the inverter input and the output (OUT), and second limiting means coupled between the input (IN) and the output (OUT).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for generating an I/Q signal for an I/Q modulator (10). Said signal is composed of two or more data streams, which have been edited according to identical or different digital modulation methods. In said method, a known modulation encoder is used to generate corresponding digital I/Q values from a first inputted digital data stream. Said I/Q values then undergo a digital-analogue conversion (8) that generates the corresponding analogue I/Q signals. The invention is characterised by an additional modulation generator that calculates digital I/Q values, or generates I/Q values from an additional inputted digital data stream. The digital I/Q values of the modulation encoder and the digital I/Q values of the modulation generator (10) are then added together, using digital adders (A3) located upstream of the digital-analogue converter (8).

Abstract: An improved multi-junction waveguide circulator that eliminates the transitions to dielectric transformers and air-filled waveguides between ferrite elements is described. The waveguide circulator in accordance with the invention can be implemented in variations from a minimum of two ferrite circulator elements held in close proximity to one another to any number of ferrite elements as required to achieve the desired isolation performance or to create a switch matrix with any combination of input and output ports. The waveguide circulator in accordance with the invention eliminates the transitions between adjacent ferrite elements and thus reduces losses, component size, and mass.

Abstract: A structure for a passive microwave device capable of low IMD and high power operation, and adapted for automated assembling and placement is disclosed. The device exhibits a high degree of coplanarity on its mounting surface, as well as a high degree of flatness and alignment between its respective components. The inherent self-aligning qualities of the design are used in conjunction with an assembly fixture that has three or more alignment pins to provide a highly manufacturable and reliable device. Related manufacturing methods and fixturing are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for matching output impedance of a driver to a load impedance. In representative embodiments an external impedance is attached between an external contact and a first source potential, wherein the load impedance includes the external impedance plus impedance of interconnections between an output terminal of the driver and the external impedance. An adjustable impedance, which can be field effect transistors which can be turned on separately and in combination to change the value of the adjustable impedance and which can be located on an integrated circuit, are connected between a second source potential and the output terminal of the driver. A reference potential, wherein the reference potential has a value half-way between the first source potential and the second source potential is obtained.

Abstract: A receiving circuit having a termination impedance and an equalization capacitor. The receiving circuit is connectable to a signal source having a source impedance through a DC (direct current) blocking capacitor. The value of the equalization capacitor is chosen such that voltage spikes otherwise caused by the blocking capacitor are eliminated. The receiving circuit is especially useful in distributed electronic amplifiers and electro-optic modulators.

Abstract: An orthogonal electrical coupling relies on electromagnetic coupling for the inner connection, as opposed to direct contact between conductors. A conductor on one of the lines is connected to a ground plane which is adjacent to a resonant slot. Microwave energy is coupled to the slot, thereby exciting the slot. A second conductor is on the opposite side of the ground plane from the first conductor. Microwave energy from the excited resonant slot passes to the second conductor, thereby allowing contactless interconnection between the first conductor and the second conductor. The coupling may emphasize certain modes of propagation relative to other possible modes of propagation. Specifically, the ground plane and slot may be enclosed in a cavity of a size such that the cavity does not support any natural mode propagation inside the cavity. Instead, the coupling may have a cavity in which a transverse electromagnetic (TEM) mode is propagated.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for achieving a desired value of electrical impedance between parallel planar conductors of an electrical power distribution structure by electrically coupling multiple bypass capacitors and corresponding electrical resistance elements in series between the planar conductors. The methods include bypass capacitor selection criteria and electrical resistance determination criteria based upon simulation results. An exemplary electrical power distribution structure produced by one of the methods includes a pair of parallel planar conductors separated by a dielectric layer, n discrete electrical capacitors, and n electrical resistance elements, where n≧2. Each of the n discrete electrical resistance elements is coupled in series with a corresponding one of the n discrete electrical capacitors between the planar conductors. The n capacitors have substantially the same capacitance C, mounted resistance Rm, mounted inductance Lm, and mounted resonant frequency fm-res.

Abstract: A circuit is provided where impedance converters (41-48) are provided such that active components (P1 to P8 ) can be switched off without power from the other active components leaking away through those components which are switched off.

Abstract: A surface acoustic wave filter element has

Abstract: An integrated ceramic module is formed of a first ceramic dielectric layer containing a glass as a sintering agent and having a high dielectric constant and high Q value, formed with an electronic component, and a second ceramic dielectric layer containing a glass as a sintering agent and having a low dielectric constant and a high Q value, formed with a signal transmission line.

Abstract: A thin-film piezo-resonator includes a silicon substrate and a resonator assembly. The substrate is formed with a cavity or through-hole which is opened in the upper and the lower surfaces of the substrate. The resonator assembly, disposed at a location corresponding to the cavity, is composed of a first electrode contacting the upper surface of the substrate, a piezoelectric layer formed on the first electrode and a second electrode formed on the piezoelectric layer. The cavity has a side surface extending in a substantially perpendicular direction to the first surface.

Abstract: In an elastic surface wave device according to this invention, an elastic surface wave element including a first and a second two-port surface acoustic wave filter and a one-port surface acoustic wave filter with a single inter-digital transducer is connected via bumps to electrodes formed on a housing by face down bonding techniques. The housing has an opening section for a ground terminal electrode in a part facing the one-port surface acoustic wave filter.

Abstract: A transmission line (218) is formed to have a characteristic impedance which increases at a first substantially exponential rate with respect to a distance from the input (202). A plurality of resonators (206-214) are coupled to the transmission line and positioned at a plurality of locations along the transmission line. The plurality of resonators has resonant frequencies that decrease at a second substantially exponential rate with respect to the distance from the input. An output signal (810, 812) is obtained at a point in the filter that produces a filter response having a corner frequency.

Abstract: A rectangular penetration hole is formed opening in the opposite two main surfaces of a first dielectric substrate. Conductors for grounding are respectively formed on the main surfaces, to cover the openings of the penetration hole. A conductor layer is formed on opposite inner walls in the penetration hole of the dielectric substrate. A waveguide is structured by a space surrounded by the conductors and the conductor layers. The waveguide is magnetically coupled with an input/output line on a second dielectric substrate through a coupling slot. Because a waveguide has walls made continuous in the dielectric substrate, a low-loss waveguide can be realized. Hence, a high-performance radio frequency module can be realized.

Abstract: A low-voltage wide band micro electrical mechanical (MEM) switch. The low-voltage MEM switch comprises a contact bridge. A microstrip has an impedance of about 50 Ohms, first and second portions, and a gap defined between the first and second portions. A cantilever arm supports the contact bridge. The cantilever arm has an end portion, an open state, and a closed state. The contact bridge is spaced from the microstrip at a distance of about 12 &mgr;m or greater when the cantilever arm is in the open state. The contact bridge provides electrical communication between the first and second portions of the microstrip when the cantilever arm is in the closed state. An electrically conductive coil opposes the first end, wherein the electrically conductive coil moves the cantilever arm from the open state to the closed state when a voltage of about 5 Volts or less are applied across the electrically conductive coil. A housing encloses the cantilever arm, microstrip, and electrically conductive coil.

Abstract: An ignition apparatus includes a central core extending along a main axis, and a primary winding disposed radially outwardly thereof. The ignition apparatus further includes a secondary winding. The primary winding has a greater axial length than the secondary winding, this additional axial length being implemented on the low-voltage axial end of the ignition apparatus, relative to the main axis. The extended primary winding provides an increased leakage inductance spike, which may be used by an ion sense system to (i) obtain increased bias voltages, and, (ii) increase the effective turns ratio, thereby reducing the amount of wire required for the secondary winding.

Abstract: A flyback transformer, used as a high voltage generator for supplying a high voltage to the CRT of a TV receiver or a monitor, and a bleeder resistor holding device for such transformers is disclosed. The bleeder resistor holding device is designed to hold a bleeder resistor at a position between a high voltage bobbin and a low voltage bobbin of the transformer, thus accomplishing compactness and smallness of a focus pack of the transformer. In the flyback transformer of this invention, the bleeder resistor is positioned at a gap defined between the pin terminals of the high voltage bobbin and the low voltage bobbin such that the bleeder resistor is spaced apart from the pin terminal of the low voltage bobbin by a predetermined distance.

Abstract: The present invention relates to inductors with improved inductance and quality factor. In one embodiment, a magnetic thin film inductor is disclosed. In this embodiment, magnetic thin film inductor includes a plurality of elongated conducting regions and magnetic material. The plurality of elongated conducting regions are positioned parallel with each other and at a predetermined spaced distance apart from each other. The magnetic material encases the plurality of conducting regions, wherein when currents are applied to the conductors, current paths in each of the conductors cause the currents to generally flow in the same direction thereby enhancing mutual inductance.

Abstract: A coil assembly includes a spool that is rotatably attached to a connector. In order to wind a coil on the spool, the spool is rotated with respect to the connector until the connector does not interfere with the winding bay on the spool. Thereafter, a wire is wound around the spool within the winding bay to form the coil. Once the coil is complete, the spool can be rotated with respect to the connector until a locking mechanism on the spool engages a corresponding locking mechanism on the connector. Thus, a complete coil assembly can be manufactured in one operation with minimal manufacturing steps.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composite material such as a passive element, a passive element composite component, a substrate with a built-in passive element and a composite wiring substrate which are free from, for example, a layer peeling problem and enables high density packaging with ease. In the present invention, a porous base material is divided into plural functional regions and a material having different electromagnetic characteristics is filled in a pore of the porous base material of each functional region, to form a passive element or a wiring substrate. Among the aforementioned plural functional regions, at least one functional region is a conductive material region filled with a conductive material and other regions are filled with a high-dielectric material, a high-permeability material or a low-dielectric material.

Abstract: A structure for polymeric thermistor device and method of making the same are disclosed. The polymeric thermistor makes use of a polymeric composite filled with conductive filler and show resistance variations at different temperatures. A polymeric substrate filled with conductive filler is cross-linked so that the whole polymeric composite structure filled with conductive filler is able to memorize shape. Then, the cross-linked polymeric composite undergoes a simple-sheared process and turns into a polymeric composite with a strain more than 1%. Therefore, the micro-structure and electrical properties of the conductive filler are changed.

Abstract: A sensor can be configured to generally include a flow channel block having a flow channel formed therein, and a sensor chip for sensing fluid flow, wherein a fluid in the flow channel surrounds the sensor chip. Alternatively, the sensor chip can be fastened at one side to a substrate and on another side of the substrate to a core tube inserted into the flow channel. This core tube provides electrical insulation and corrosion protection to the sensor chip, reduces flow noise, (and by the non-intrusive nature of the measurement) essentially eliminates the risk of fluid leakage, and maintains the fluid super-clean and contamination-free while improving structural integrity for the thermal measurements derived from the sensor chip. The use of such a core tube configuration also can protect the sensor from corrosion, radioactive or bacterial contamination, overheating, or freeze-ups.

Abstract: An entry security device has a validation device adapted to control an electronic door lock and at least one contactless keycard. The contactless keycard and the validation device have the same identification codes, so that the contactless keycard sends the identification code to the validation device to check for a match with the identification codes in the validation device. A new identification code is generated by the validation device when a match is found and then is inductively sent to the contactless keycard to replace the previous identification code.

Abstract: A code signal generator (3) of a system for protecting against theft remains in the motor vehicle while it is not operating, this code signal generator (3) is disabled as soon as a door of the motor vehicle is opened and closed again and/or a security device (8, 9) is locked with another authorized code signal generator (3). The disabled code signal generator (3) is enabled again only if, after the opening of a door or after the unlocking of a locking device (8, 9), another code signal generator (3) in the vicinity outside the vehicle is recognized as authorized and a request signal which is triggered manually by the user for enabling the disabled code signal generator (3) is received by the control unit (1).

Abstract: The operating control system can be use on electronic equipment, such as cell phones, computers, engine analyzers, etc. An input device enables the input of user access data and a readout panel monitors the equipment status. A programmable feature selection member enables the user to select at least one programmable feature and respective activation time period. An internal member controls operation of the equipment by controlling access to one or more said programmable features based upon user selection, to enable full or partial activation of the device. A user is able to program specific events, such as TV shows, to be activated at specific times with controlled access by secondary access codes.

Abstract: There are provided a plurality of terminals (10, 20, 30) which are connected by a power line (1) and exchange information through the power line (1) and to which intrinsic terminal identifiers are respectively given, and the feature is that each of the terminals (10, 20, 30) holds a house code to prevent interference between another system and its own system, and the house code is generated as a code common to the same system on the basis of the terminal identifier given to a master terminal selected from the respective terminals (10, 20, 30) belonging to the same system.

Abstract: In an emigration control method, information on a passport-issue-allowed person and image data for specifying the person are stored in a storage. Image data for specifying a person who owns the passport to be inspected by an emigration inspection and information for specifying the passport-issue-allowed person are received. The passport-holding-person specifying image data is stored into an emigrant information storage in correspondence with the passport-issue-allowed person specifying information. The passport-issue-allowed person specifying image data, the passport-issue-allowed person information, and the passport-holding-person specifying image data are extracted based upon the received passport-issue-allowed person specifying information. The passport-issue-allowed person specifying image data is identified with the passport-holding-person specifying image data.

Abstract: A device for initiating an opening and locking procedure of a motor vehicle is described; it has a first proximity sensor (11, 14) which generates an unlocking intent signal (20) for initiating an opening procedure of a closing system (46, 48) of a vehicle (40) when a user approaches the first proximity sensor (11, 14). A second proximity sensor (12, 16) is also provided, generating a locking intent signal (23) for initiating a locking procedure of the closing system (46, 48) of the vehicle (40) when a user approaches the second proximity sensor (12, 16).

Abstract: A portable computer is described that contains a circuit for receiving pages and performing security functions based on the received page. Once a page has been received by the portable computer, the computer's hard drive can be automatically reformatted, or the portable computer can be prevented from booting. In addition, the portable computer can be programmed to use a modem to automatically dial a security center and transmit security information such as the Caller ID Tag of the current telephone number.

Abstract: A method for and selective call communications unit (CU) arranged and constructed for extended battery life includes a first receiver having low power consumption, preferably operating an a duty cycle, for receiving a call signal to provide an enable signal, in one aspect conditioned on a match of a selective call address to an address for the CU; and a messaging receiver, activated by the enable signal, for receiving a message intended for the CU. These methods can result in a battery life for the CU approaching a shelf life of the battery.