Abstract: An improved heat exchanger which resists fouling of the heat exchange surface by minimizing the temperature difference between the heat exchanger surface and the fluid stream in contact with the heat exchange surface. In one embodiment, fouling of the heat exchanger surfaces in a combustion air heat exchanger may be minimized by minimizing the temperature difference between the heat exchanger surface and the carbon black stream in contact with the heat exchanger surface. In the case of a combustion air heat exchanger, the temperature difference between the heat exchanger surfaces and the carbon black stream is preferably not greater than 500° F., more preferably not greater than 300° F. and even more preferably not greater than 100° F.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process of producing chlorine dioxide comprising the steps of reducing chlorate ions in an acid reaction medium maintained in a reaction zone of a chlorine dioxide generator, which reaction medium contains alkali metal ions and sulfate ions, so to form chlorine dioxide and a solid salt of acidic alkali metal sulfate. The process further comprises the steps of separating said solid acidic alkali metal sulfate from the reaction medium, contacting said solid acidic alkali metal sulfate with an aqueous medium in a mixing tank to effect at least partial conversion to neutral solid alkali metal sulfate, separating the at least partially neutralized solid alkali metal sulfate from the aqueous medium on a rotary drum filter operating with vacuum inside and with part of the drum submerged in a slurry of the at least partially neutralized solid alkali metal sulfate and the aqueous medium, and forming an acid filtrate.

Abstract: Methods for manufacturing a powder of a dielectric compound include mixing particle components that are combinable to form the dielectric compound with matrix components. The mixture is melted, and the molten mixture is quenched to produce a solid material. The dielectric power is extracted from the solid material. A molar ratio of particle components to matrix components can be selected so that the solid material produced by quenching is amorphous. Particle components can be selected to produce Ba1−xSrxTiO3 powder, wherein 0≦x≦1. Matrix components consist essentially of Na2O·2B2O3 and Na2O·SiO2·9H2O or can be selected from a group consisting of zinc oxide, zinc carbonate, and zinc hydroxide.

Abstract: Mesoporous hexagonal, cubic or wormhole aluminosilicates derived from zeolite seeds using an ionic structure directing agent are described. The aluminum in the structures is stable so that the framework of the structures does not collapse when heated in the presence of water or water vapor (steam) The steam stable aluminosilicates can be used as acid catalysts for hydrocarbon conversions, including the fluidized bed catalytic cracking and the hydrocracking of petroleum oils, and other cracking of organic compounds.

Abstract: Fluoroalkanes such as fluoromethane labeled with 17F are produced by contacting 17F labeled F2 with alkanes, preferably methane, substituted or unsubstituted alkenes, or substituted or unsubstituted alkynes in the presence of a metal oxide catalyst, preferably a silver oxide catalyst, to produce the 17F labeled fluoroalkane. The 17F may be produced by irradiating 20Ne with protons, preferably having an energy of about 11 MeV and produced by a cyclotron. The 17F labeled fluoromethane or fluoroalkanes may be produced continuously. A method for determining the location of an 17F labeled tracer includes generating an 17F labeled fluoroalkane, administering the 17F labeled fluoroalkane to a test subject, and scanning the test subject with a radiosensitive detector such as a positron emission tomography scanner.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of efficiently screening for steroid sulfatase activity-inhibiting compounds which are useful for the treatment of hormone-dependent diseases such as breast cancer, etc. by causing a test compound to act on cells carrying an introduced steroid sulfatase gene and estimating the inhibiting activity of the compound on the growth of the cells.

Abstract: One can impart outstanding resistance against collapse under pressure to gas-filled microvesicle used as contrast agents in ultrasonic echography by using as fillers gases whose solubility in water, expressed in liter of gas by liter of water under standard conditions, divided by the square root of the molecular weight does not exceed 0.003.

Abstract: Dendritic polymer conjugates which are useful drug delivery systems for carrying platinum containing anti-tumor agents to malignant tumors are prepared by obtaining a dendritic polymer having functional groups which are accessible to a platinum containing compound capable of interacting with the functional groups, contacting the dendritic polymer with the platinum containing compound, and reacting the dendritic polymer with the platinum containing compound. The dendritic polymer platinates may be administered intravenously, orally, parentally, subcutaneously or topically to an animal having a malignant tumor in an amount which is effective to inhibit growth of the malignant tumor. The dendritic polymer platinates exhibit high drug efficiency, high drug carrying capacity, good water solubility, good stability on storage, reduced toxicity, and improved anti-tumor activity in vivo.

Abstract: A medicinal formulation is disclosed. The formulation comprises (a) a protein or peptide medicament; (b) a fluid carrier for containing said medicament; and a stabilizer selected from an amino acid, a derivative thereof or a mixture of the foregoing.

Abstract: A pressure-liquefied propellant mixture for aerosols, comprising dinitrogen monoxide and a hydrofluoroalkane having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, in particular 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane and/or 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane, makes possible an improvement in the wetting properties of pharmaceutically active compounds, whereby the formulation problems existing with hydrofluoroalkanes can be overcome with respect to suspension and solution aerosols and thus improved medicinal aerosol formulations can be obtained. With the aid of dinitrogen monoxide, it is also possible to influence the pressure and thus the particle size distribution specifically and, by displacement of oxygen from the hydrofluoroalkanes, to improve the storage stability of oxidation-sensitive active compounds. If desired, the propellant mixture can additionally contain carbon dioxide.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new process for producing powdered preparations for inhalation.

Abstract: Silica compositions for abrasive systems in dentifrice formulations are disclosed. The silica abrasive system comprises (a) silica gels having a median particle size below 7 microns, a pH of from about 6 to about 11 and powder RDA's of from 100 to about 200 and (b) silica gels or precipitates having a median particle size of 7 microns or greater and powder RDA's of from 50 to about 180. Silica (a) is preferably prepared by contacting a hydrous silica gel with an alkaline medium. Dentifrice compositions comprising the abrasive system has an RDA of 150 or less and PCR's of at least 80 and up to about 150, and an REA of less than about 30 (as measured on the IU scale).

Abstract: Aqueous antimicrobial and biofilm removal compositions, comprising essential oils and certain cationic, anionic, amphoteric or non-ionic surfactants individually or in combination having an hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) of about 16 or above are effective oral mouthwashes and topical antimicrobial solutions. Optionally C2, C3, benzyl, 3-phenylpropanol or 2-phenylethanol alcohols can be added singularly or in combination from about 2 to about 20v/w %. Other optically ingredients include antimicrobial enhances and biofilm removal agents e.g., chelating compounds and certain organic acids.

Abstract: Processes for preserving compositions, such as cosmetic and dermatological compositions, which may be intended for topical applications, through the use of at least one certain polyamino acid derivatives.

Abstract: Nail compositions and methods of use thereof are disclosed. Additionally, nail kits comprising a nail composition and pre-treatment compositions are disclosed. Further, supportive devices such as bandages for use in the administering a nail composition are disclosed. In one aspect of the invention, the nail compositions comprise an antifungal agent, including fluconazole, a non-cellulosic polymeric carrier, and an enhancer, while being substantially free of urea, sulfhydryl-containing amino acids, or vasodilators.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for preventing or minimizing biodegradation of a substance which normally contains a naturally occurring optical isomer which comprises replacing the naturally occurring optical isomer with the corresponding unnatural optical isomer.

Abstract: Hair care compositions comprise a water-soluble polyalkylene glycol having a number average molecular weight of from about 200 to about 900 and from about 4 to about 18 repeating alkylene oxide radicals, wherein each of the repeating alkylene oxide radicals has from 2 to 6 carbon atoms; a film forming polymer is soluble in the polyalkylene glycol, wherein the weight ratio of the polyalkylene glycol to the film forming polymer ranges from about 5:1 to about 50:1; and a liquid carrier. The hair care compositions optionally further comprise a non-volatile silicone with a molecular weight greater than about 40,000 daltons.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a water-soluble solid composition that produces a lubricating liquid when dissolved in water. The composition is preferably prepared by kneading particles of a solid, such as sodium polyacrylate, with water and one or more optional additives to form a mixture. This kneaded mixture is then molded or otherwise formed into a desired shape, preferably one that is easily held such as a lump, sphere, or rod. The shaped composition may also be provided with a partial cover of a water-insoluble material or other modified surface so that it may be held more securely. In use a dry portion of the solid composition can be held in the hand and applied to an area of moistened skin to apply a lubricating liquid without also applying the lubricating liquid to the hand. Similarly, a portion of the solid composition may be moistened and then rubbed on dry skin to apply a lubricating liquid to the skin.

Abstract: A method of treating or preventing tinea cruris, commonly known as Jock Itch, includes applying a polymerizable monomer adhesive composition to an area of skin afflicted with or susceptible to tinea cruris, optionally with at least one of an additional anti-fungal agent or a skin care additive, and allowing the polymerizable monomer composition to polymerize to form a polymer film over the area of skin.

Abstract: Adenovirus vectors replication specific for cells expressing &agr;-fetoprotein (AFP) and their methods of use are provided. By providing for a transcriptional initiating regulation dependent upon AFP expression, virus replication is restricted to target cells expressing AFP, particularly hepatocellular carcinoma cells. The adenovirus vectors can be used to detect and monitor samples for the presence of AFP-producing cells as well as to kill selectively malignant cells producing AFP.

Abstract: Cultures of keratinocyte cells are provided which are free from nonautologous fibroblasts and organ extracts, and which have a high speed of cell amplification for a minimum seeding density. The cultures can be cryopreserved in a buffered isotonic medium containing serum and a cryoprotectant. The cultures are produced by a process that does not involve the use of a feeder layer and organ extracts. A culture medium which can be used contains Medium 199, serum, epidermal growth factor, cholera toxin and/or hydrocortisone, and optionally insulin. A substance for wound healing and for cosmetic applications is derived from cultured human keratinocytes. A non-viable total keratinocyte lysate for use in promoting wound healing is produced by growing keratinocyte cells on a support, detaching the cells from the support, and lysing the detached cells to obtain the lysate which may be frozen and lyophilized.

Abstract: A method for treating hypothyroidism by local administration of a neurotoxin, such as a botulinum toxin, to a thyroid, thereby reducing an inhibitory effect upon thyroid hormone secretion. A method for treating hyperthyroidism by local administration of a neurotoxin, such as a botulinum toxin, to a sympathetic ganglion which innervates the thyroid, thereby reducing a stimulatory effect upon thyroid hormone secretion. Methods for treating calcium metabolism disorders by local administration of a neurotoxin to modulate calcitonin secretion are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a recombinant human &agr;-L-iduronidase and biologically active fragments and mutants thereof, large scale methods to produce and purify commercial grade recombinant human &agr;-L-iduronidase enzyme as well as methods to treat certain genetic disorders including &agr;-L-iduronidase deficiency and mucopolysaccharidosis I (MPS 1).

Abstract: A process for inhibiting vascular proliferation introduces a composition into the eye inducing posterior vitreous detachment. The composition includes a combination of plasminogen, a collagen crosslinking agent and at least one plasminogen activator selected from the group consisting of urokinase, streptokinase, tissue plasminogen activator, chondroitinase, pro-urokinase, retavase, metaloproteinase, and thermolysin. The composition is introduced into the vitreous in an amount effective to induce crosslinking of the vitreous and to induce substantially complete or partial posterior vitreous detachment from the retina without causing inflammation of the retina. In one embodiment, a gaseous material is introduced into the vitreous before or simultaneously with the composition to compress the vitreous against the retina while the composition induces the posterior vitreous detachment.

Abstract: A method of preparing conjugate vaccines by adsorbing a protein to a solid phase adjuvant, and covalently linking a carbohydrate to the adsorbed protein. Alternatively, the carbohydrate is first adsorbed to the solid phase adjuvant, then the protein is covalently linked to the carbohydrate. The carbohydrate may be chemically activated. Unconjugated protein may be present.

Abstract: An agent protective against drug-induced hepatopathy containing Lentinus edodes mycelium extract.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of immunization against Helicobacter, involving mucosal administration of an attenuated Salmonella vector including a nucleic acid molecule encoding a Helicobacter antigen, and parenteral administration of a soluble Helicobacter antigen, co-administered with a suitable parenteral adjuvant. Also provided by the invention are attenuated Salmonella vectors for use in this method.

Abstract: The invention concerns Mycobacterium strains whereof the erp gene is modified and a vaccine composition containing same. The modification of the erp gene decreases the virulence and the persistence of the Mycobacterium strains.

Abstract: A non-virulent, recA defective mutant of Porphyromonas gingivalis. The Porphyromonas gingivalis strain which is deposited at ATCC under accession number 202109. Also a method of decreasing the growth rate or reproduction rate of Porphyromonas gingivalis in a mammal comprising the step of administering to the mammal at least one dose of Porphyromonas gingivalis according to the present invention. Further, a method of preventing or treating a Porphyromonas gingivalis infection such as periodontitis in a mammal comprising the step of administering to the mammal at least one dose of Porphyromonas gingivalis according to the present invention. Further, a method of preventing or treating a Porphyromonas gingivalis infection such as periodonitis in a mammal comprising the step of administering to the mammal at least one dose of Porphyromonas gingivalis according to the present invention. Also, a pharmaceutical composition comprising a non-virulent, recA defective mutant of Porphyromonas gingivalis.

Abstract: The invention provides an equine infectious anemia (EIA) vaccine that provides immunity to mammals, especially equines, from infection with equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) and which allows differentiation between vaccinated and non-vaccinated, but exposed, mammals or equines. Preferably said vaccine encompasses at least one mutation in an EIAV which produces a non-functional gene in the vaccine virus that is always expressed in disease-producing wild-type EIA viruses. Additionally, said EIA vaccine virus cannot cause clinical disease in mammals or spread or shed to other mammals including equines.

Abstract: Oligonucleotide sequences encoding gp120 polypeptides from breakthrough isolates of vaccine trials using MN-rgp120 and the encoded gp120 polypeptides are provided. Use of the gp120 polypeptides from one or more of the isolates in a subunit vaccine, usually together with MN-rgp120, can provide protection against HIV strains that are sufficiently different from the vaccine strain (e.g.; MN-rgp120) that the vaccine does not confer protection against those strains. Antibodies induced by the polypeptides are also provided.

Abstract: Purified and isolated nucleic acid molecules are provided which encode a FlaC flagellin protein of a strain of Campylobacter, particularly C. jejuni, or a fragment or an analog of the FlaC flagellin protein. The nucleic acid molecules may be used to produce proteins free of contaminants derived from bacteria normally containing the FlaA or FlaB proteins for purposes of diagnostics and medical treatment. Furthermore, the nucleic acid molecules, proteins encoded thereby and antibodies raised against the proteins, may be used in the diagnosis of infection.

Abstract: The present invention provides a live temperature-sensitive vaccine for Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. The present invention also provides methods of vaccinating a swine against colonization or infection of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae.

Abstract: In vitro fertilization can be improved by adding a meiosis activating compound.

Abstract: Pickering emulsions, which are finely disperse systems of the water-in-oil or oil-in-water type, comprising (1) an oil phase, (2) a water phase, (3) at least one type of microfine particles which a) have an average particle size of less than 200 nm, which b) display both hydrophilic and lipophilic properties, and are dispersible both in water and in oil and which c) have optionally been coated on the surface, (4) at least one electrolyte and (5) at most 0.5% by weight of one or more emulsifiers.

Abstract: A cosmetic product is provided packaged in a dispenser with separate first and second storage areas. The first of the areas contains a first cosmetic composition containing a first dermal active agent, preferably selected from keratolytic skin agents. Particularly preferred are alpha- and beta-hydroxy carboxylic acids as first dermal active placed in a composition having a pH from about 1 to about 5.5. The second area contains a second cosmetic composition with a second dermal agent incompatible with the first composition. Particularly preferred second dermal agents are retinoids, vitamins, enzymes and anti-oxidants. Most preferred is retinol. The dispenser allows transfer of the first and second compositions through an exit nozzle in a respective dispensing weight ratio of from about 30:1 to about 2:1.

Abstract: Disclosed is a lipstick composition for molding into a lipstick capable of exhibiting excellent cosmetic finishing effect with remarkable sustainability and comfortable feeling of use. The most characteristic ingredient of the composition is a crosslinked hydrophilic organopolysiloxane insoluble in organic solvents obtained by the hydrosilation reaction between an organohydrogenpolysiloxane and an alkenyl-terminated polyoxyalkylene compound, which is combined with a liquid oily compound, solid or semisolid oily or waxy compound and pigments in specified weight proportions.

Abstract: A gelation agent or an emulsifying agent is provided which is obtained by mixing a water swelling clay mineral with a quarternary ammonium salt type cation surfactant and a fatty acid or a higher alcohol which is liquid at normal temperatures. The present invention can provide a gelation agent or an emulsifying agent which can be added and mixed to a wide range of oils to produce a gel composition or an emulsified composition with superior stability, safety and usability. The gelation agent or the emulsifying agent of the present invention or the gel composition or the emulsified composition using this agent is preferably used as the base agent of cosmetics and quasi-drugs, for example. Also, the sunscreen cosmetic prepared by adding ultraviolet light protection powder to the aforementioned emulsified composition exhibits superior usability, i.e.

Abstract: Complexes of hyaluronic acid and carnitine of its derivatives and the simple combinations of them are useful in therapeutics and cosmetics. They have pharmacological activity, that is protective activity on tissues and cell plasma membrane, anti-inflammatory, radical scavenging activities and the like, was well as cosmetic activity, such as restoring or maintaining cutaneous elasticity.

Abstract: A method of controlling the regulatory mechanism in humans that governs cell division in a damaged cell structure which comprises reactivating the proliferative phase regulated by DNA, to enable the damaged cell to redifferentiate itself according to its basic genetic code, by administering to the human the reaction product of arginine and p-aminobenzoic acid. A method in which said reactivation process suppresses sexual inflammations, enhances positive neural responses, precludes aggressive bacterial infections, promotes internal wound healing, and/or provides an infusible treatment for non-specific prostatitis.

Abstract: Plastic films, fibers and articles are provided long-term antimicrobial activity with a combination of certain phenolic and inorganic antimicrobial agents. The plastic films, fibers and articles with antimicrobial activity exhibit superior resistance to discoloration, may be processed at high temperature, and maintain physical properties upon weathering, especially upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation.

Abstract: The subject invention pertains to compositions and devices for controlling insects and, in particular, houseflies. Insecticidal compositions of the present invention comprise spinosad and, optionally, insect foodstuffs and attractants. The devices of the invention are directed to a housefly bait device that includes an insecticidal composition of the present invention. The invention also concerns methods for controlling insects, such as houseflies, using the present compositions and devices.

Abstract: Termite foods mixed together in a matrix suitable to be used as baits and attractants for termites are provided. This termite matrix is preferred by termites over naturally-occurring foods such as deadwood, trees and wood used in human constructions, and other known termite matrices. It comprises cellulose, water and termite-preferred nutrients. Methods of monitoring the presence of termites using such matrices, and methods of controlling termites using such matrices to deliver termite toxins are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a synthetic biomaterial compound based on stabilized calcium phosphates and more particularly to the molecular, structural and physical characterization of this compound. The compound comprises calcium, oxygen and phosphorous, wherein at least one of the elements is substituted with an element having an ionic radius of approximately 0.1 to 1.1 Å. The knowledge of the specific molecular and chemical properties of the compound allows for the development of several uses of the compound in various bone-related clinical conditions.

Abstract: A biocompatible implant for continuous in vivo release of a neurotoxin over a treatment period extending from one month to five years. The implant can be made of casting a solution of a polymer, such as an ethyl vinyl acetate copolymer and the neurotoxin. The neurotoxin can be a botulinum toxin.

Abstract: Polyhydroxyalkanoate materials are provided which are suitable for repair of soft tissue, augmentation, and as viscosupplements in animals, particularly humans. The materials comprise liquid polyhydroxyalkanoate polymer compositions or polyhydroxyalkanoate microdispersions. Devices also are provided for storage and delivery of the polyhydroxyalkanoate compositions in vivo. Methods are provided for repairing or augmenting soft tissue in animals using the materials. In a preferred embodiment, the method include the steps of (a) selecting the animal soft tissue to be repaired or augmented; and (b) placing an injectable, liquid polyhydroxyalkanoate polymer or a polyhydroxyalkanoate microdispersion into the animal soft tissue, preferably using a minimally-invasive method such as injection. In another embodiment, the liquid polyhydroxyalkanoate polymer compositions or polyhydroxyalkanoate microdispersions are used as viscosupplements.

Abstract: The invention relates to the prophylactic and therapeutic treatment of subjects for the purpose of inhibiting vaso-occlusive events, including embolism, by administering agents which reduce the number of circulating platelets to below normal levels. Methods and pharmaceutical preparations comprising such agents are provided.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for the treatment of autism comprising administering to a person in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of a lipid-soluble thiamine derivative. The lipid-soluble thiamine derivative is preferably tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide (TTFD). TTFD administration methods may include suppository forms, transdermal carriers, such as gels, lotions, or creams; and oral carriers, such as tablets or capsules.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a layered pharmaceutical delivery device for the administration of pharmaceuticals or other active compounds to mucosal surfaces. The device may also be used by itself without the incorporation of a therapeutic. The device of the present invention consists of a water-soluble adhesive layer, a non-adhesive, bioerodable backing layer and one or more pharmaceuticals if desired in either or both layers. Upon application, the device adheres to the mucosal surface, providing protection to the treatment site and localized drug delivery. The “Residence Time”, the length of time the device remains on the mucosal surface before complete erosion, can be easily regulated by modifications of the backing layer.

Abstract: Provided is a nutraceutical composition including a tripeptoid component, a flavonoid component, guanidine hydrochloride, &agr;-lipoic acid, an amino acid component, a brazilin component, catalase, and, optionally, vitamin E ans selenium. The composition is effective to maintain normal blood sugar levels and normal levels of non-enzymatic protein glycosylation in a human.