Abstract: The present invention relates to a display device that includes an illumination source configured to direct light along an optical path, a first color filter having a first number of color regions, and a second color filter having a second number of color regions, the first and second color filters being configured so as to cooperate in sequentially filtering the directed light to display an image.

Abstract: A high-brightness projection television is provided which includes a screen having a first lens for refracting an incident beam into a convergent beam, a second lens for refracting the beam refracted by the first lens into a divergent beam, and a protection plate for protecting at least the second lens, wherein an optical emission material is included in at least one of the above elements to convert invisible lights included in the incident beam into visible lights. Alternatively, the projection television may include an optical emission layer having the optical emission material between a light source and an image generator such as a liquid crystal display (LCD). Accordingly, vertical and horizontal angles of view are increased and overall brightness of the image is improved.

Abstract: A connector apparatus of a hard disk drive allows a connector automatically contact a flexible printed circuit board upon combining a printed circuit board with a the head/disk assembly. The connector apparatus includes a printed circuit board with the connector mounted thereon, and a head/disk assembly with the flexible printed circuit board mounted thereon. The connector includes a plurality of hooklike terminals for automatically connecting with the flexible printed circuit board when combining the printed circuit board with the head/disk assembly.

Abstract: A display includes a display surface, an electroluminescent panel, which has a plurality of electroluminescent elements, and a liquid crystal panel, which has a plurality of liquid crystal elements. The liquid crystal panel and the electroluminescent panel overlaps each other in the front and rear direction of the display. The electroluminescent elements and the liquid crystal elements are aligned with each other in the front and rear direction of the display. In the display, at least one of the electroluminescent elements and the liquid crystal elements function as pixels to show an image on the display surface. Therefore, the display can show an image in the appropriate manner in accordance with an environment.

Abstract: A backlight unit of a liquid crystal display device and a method of assembling the same which makes it easy to inspect for impurities and for reducing damage to an optical sheet. The backlight unit includes a lamp assembly; a light guide panel for providing the light from the lamp assembly incident to a display panel; and a bottom cover for supporting the lamp assembly and the light guide panel, wherein the distance between the lamp assembly located at opposite edges of the bottom cover is longer than the length of the light guide panel.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a liquid crystal panel, which has a plurality of pixel rows, and a backlight located at the rear of the liquid crystal panel. The backlight includes a plurality of thin-film organic electroluminescent elements. Each organic electroluminescent element flashes independently from the other organic electroluminescent elements. Each electroluminescent element corresponds to one of the pixel rows and radiates light toward the corresponding pixel row. This structure reduces thickness and power consumption of the liquid crystal display.

Abstract: In a method for manufacturing a reflector having a plurality of convex portions 4 that are obtained by means of melt deformation of column-shaped bodys 15 formed of a photosensitive resin material, the photosensitive resin material has aspect ratio vs. average tilt angle characteristics in which an average tilt angle &thgr; reaches a maximum value through an incremental change process and then converges to a certain value through a decremental process when an aspect ratio is gradually increased from a value close to zero, provided that the average tilt angle of the convex portion is an angle of elevation from the outer periphery of the bottom surface of the convex portion 4 to an apex of the convex portion and that the aspect ratio is a ratio of the height of said column-shaped body 15 with respect to the width thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid crystal display device and method for manufacturing the same. The method comprises the steps of: preparing a transparent insulation substrate; forming a black matrix on the substrate and then forming a color filter layer on the black matrix; forming an indium tin oxide (ITO) or overcoating layer on the color layer; forming a pattern of post spacers on the ITO or overcoating layer; and forming a liquid crystal layer on the substrate by means of polymer dispersed liquid crystal. According to the present invention, the need for polyimide (PI) coating and rubbing processes can be obviated by using a post spacer color filter having a uniform cell gap and by using a polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC), and the time for injecting liquid crystal can be decreased by using a one-drop filling (ODF) approach. Therefore, it has an improved screen grade, a decreased processing step and a cost-effective processing step.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal display panel obtained by adhering upper and lower polarizing plates to upper and lower surfaces, respectively, of an electrode substrate. The upper polarizing plate has a first roughened surface on its outer surface. The first roughened surface is formed for the purpose of antiglare. The lower polarizing plate has a second roughened surface on its outer surface. The second roughened surface is formed to have a surface roughness equivalent to or less than that of the first roughened surface. As a result, a moiré fringe is decreased.

Abstract: An optical film constituted by a laminate of a polarizer and a reflective polarizing film through an acrylic-based pressure-sensitive adhesive agent, the polarizer having an anti-glare layer, wherein the optical film has a haze (H) in a range of from 5% to 30%. Preferably, a haze (H1) of the polarizer and a haze (H2) of the reflective polarizing film satisfy the relation H1>H2. Preferably, the haze (H) of the optical film satisfies the relation H/H1>0.5.

Abstract: In an LCD apparatus, a non-effective display region disposed between pixel electrodes and a declination line disposed on the pixel electrodes are covered by means of a light-leakage preventing layer, thereby preventing the light from being leaked through the non-effective display region and the declination line. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent the brightness of the light from being decreased and an image displayed through the LCD apparatus from being deteriorated in quality.

Abstract: A LCD panel. The LCD panel includes first and second substrates, a black matrix, a color filter, a composite layer, a plurality of pixel elements, a transparent conductive layer, and a liquid crystal layer. The substrates are opposed to each other. The black matrix is disposed on the first substrate, and the color filter is disposed on the first substrate and at least a portion of the black matrix. The composite layer is disposed on the color filter and the black matrix. The pixel elements corresponding to the color filter are disposed on the composite layer and arranged as array. The transparent conductive layer is disposed on the second substrate. The liquid crystal layer formed between the first and second substrates.

Abstract: The present invention provides a translucent reflection type electro-optic device that can increase a display light amount in both a reflection mode and a transmission mode, an electronic instrument therewith, and a method of fabricating the translucent reflection type electro-optic device. In a TFT array substrate of a reflection type electro-optic device, on a bottom layer side of a light reflection film, a concavity and convexity formation layer that forms a concavity and convexity pattern can be formed with a first photosensitive resin having a refractive index, n1, on a top layer of the concavity and convexity formation layer a top layer insulating film made of a second photosensitive resin having a refractive index, n2 (n1>n2), is formed, and at a position that overlaps with convexities of the concavity and convexity pattern, a light transmission window is formed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a reflective liquid crystal display and a fabricating method thereof. The reflective liquid crystal display of the present invention comprises a gate formed on a transparent substrate; an insulating film formed on a transparent electrode including the gate; an amorphous silicon layer pattern, an ohmic layer pattern and a source/drain region deposited on the insulating film; a resin layer which is formed on the entire structure including the source/drain region such a manner that the drain region is partially exposed through the resin layer; a first reflective electrode formed on the resin layer including the drain region; and a second reflective electrode of an uneven shape formed on the first reflective electrode.

Abstract: There is provided a liquid crystal display apparatus including a first substrate, a second substrate having an inner surface opposing the first substrate. A liquid crystal is placed between the first and second substrates. A plurality of light-transmitting pixel electrodes are arranged between the inner surface of the second substrate and the liquid crystal. A reflecting layer is placed between each pixel electrode and the inner surface of the second substrate and has an area smaller than that of the pixel electrode.

Abstract: The invention provides a thin reflective plate having cholesteric liquid crystal that can prevent or reduce a decrease of reflection efficiency. A reflective plate includes a cholesteric liquid crystal layer, and the cholesteric liquid crystal layer includes a plurality of regions in which the helical axes of the cholesteric liquid crystal are aligned in different directions in the plane of a substrate, and therefore, the regions can reflect color light components having different wavelengths. Consequently, the cholesteric liquid crystal layer can reflect light formed of light components of different colors (for example, white light) as a whole. When the reflective plate is applied to a reflective liquid crystal display device or the like, it is possible to appropriately reflect white light for display.

Abstract: Multi-domain liquid crystal cells having twist angles less than 90 degrees, and LCDs containing such liquid crystal cells, are provided. Such liquid crystal cells are stable, particularly at zero and high fields, and provide wide viewing angles. Also provided are methods of using an adjustable particle beam in combination with a mask to generate multi-domains alignments. Such methods are useful for producing liquid crystal cells in general, and for producing the novel multi-domain low twist angle liquid crystal cells of the present invention in particular.

Abstract: A vertically aligned liquid crystal display device includes a site in a liquid crystal layer in which liquid crystal molecules are tilted in a predetermined direction in a non-activated state of the liquid crystal display device.

Abstract: In a lateral electric field liquid crystal display device, a major electrode portion for generating a lateral electric field is formed using a layer different from a layer on which other electrodes and lines are formed. In this case, the major portion is formed to have a thickness of {fraction (1/20)} to ⅓ of the thickness of each of the other electrodes and lines. Thus, flatness of a base film of an alignment layer is significantly improved, also alignment layer material can be coated and formed with high flatness on the base film, and rubbing of the alignment layer material can be performed uniformly for the overall substrate surface.

Abstract: In a provided LCD device, a common electrode and a picture element electrode which make up the main portion of a unit picture element of the LCD device are both made up of one thin conductive layer made of a Cr layer, while a common electrode wiring line and a data line or a like which are connected to the common electrode and the picture element electrode respectively are each formed as a stacked film made up of a first conductive film (thick Cr layer) and a second conductive film (thin Cr layer). This configuration enables increasing the film thickness of wiring lines such as, especially, the common electrode wiring line and the data line or the like, thus decreasing a wiring line resistance thereof.

Abstract: A panel for a flat panel display device is disclosed, which includes a substrate having signal wires and terminals respectively connected to the signal wires, each terminal having first, second and third conducting layer, an insulating layer, a protection layer, contact holes connected between the first conducting layer and the third conducting layer, and contact holes connected between the second conducting layer and the third conducting layer, the insulating layer being sandwiched in between the second conducting layer and the substrate, the first conducting layer being sandwiched in between the protection layer and the insulating layer, the protection layer being sandwiched in between the first conducting layer and the third conducting layer or the second conducting layer and the third conducting layer, the first conducting layer being isolated from the second conducting layer.

Abstract: A non-blocking N×N cross-connect is provided that has an array of liquid crystal (LC) switches in a grid of planar optical waveguides within a light optical circuit (LOC). LC filled trenches are used in a planar optical waveguide and each trench provides the functionality of a waveguide polarization splitter, a transverse electric (TE) switch cross point, a transverse magnetic (TM) switch cross point, or a waveguide polarization combiner. By combining these elements, a cross-connect system is fabricated.

Abstract: A magnification viewer includes magnification loupes, which may be attached to the bridge of a pair of spectacles by a hinge/bridge mount. A main hinge tab is pivotally connected to mount, whereby the magnification loupes may be raised and lowered from the field of vision in front of the spectacles as desired. A hinge tab saddle slidably mounted to the main hinge tab permits adjustment of the loupes along the longitudinal length of the main hinge tab to thereby adjust the distance between the lenses of the spectacles and the loupes. Loupes are suspended by pylons from a pair of loupe mount bars and are pivotally adjustable about axes through the pylons to vary the convergence angle of the pair of loupes. Mount bars are adjustable via a thumbscrew attached to the hinge tab saddle, whereby the lateral spacing of the loupes may be varied to thereby accommodate a range of interpupillary distances. Magnification viewer may further include a light mount adapter provided on hinge tab saddle for attaching a light.

Abstract: Safety glasses have a one-piece unitary lens with a left eye plano-convex portion and a right eye plano-convex portion, each having an independent radius of curvature in the range of 5 to 8 diopters. A corrective lens segment is integrally positioned in each plano-convex portion. The corrective lens segments are preferably semi-circular with a straight upper edge and are surrounded by the plano-convex portion.

Abstract: A progressive spectacle lens design has clear focal properties in the entire lens, and progressive variation in focal properties from the center of the lens down into a reading area. All current conventional progressive lenses have areas of distortion to the side of the reading area. The present invention provides undistorted optical viewing throughout the entire lens, although the focal length varies.

Abstract: A spectacle lens comprises a region (distance portion) designed for viewing at large distances and in particular “to infinity”; a region (near portion) designed for viewing at short distances and in particular “reading distances”; and a progressive zone disposed between the distance portion and the near portion, in which a power of the spectacle lens increases from a value at a distance reference point located in the distance portion to a value at a near reference point located in the near portion along a curve (principal line) veering towards a nose. The invention is distinct in that, for minimising a change of binocular imaging properties with horizontal movements of glance, a lift (difference between a maximum and a minimum value occurring during a movement) of binocular imaging properties when a moving object is being followed, is smaller than a physiologically pre-determined limiting amount.

Abstract: Described are contact lenses having photochromic materials within the central or pupillary area of the lens and methods for manufacturing such lenses. In one method, a photochromic amount of at least one photochromic material is added to the pupillary region of a casting mold containing a polymerizable monomer that can be at least partially cured before and/or after the addition. Another method involves providing an amount of polymerizable photochromic monomer for the pupillary region and an amount of polymerizable non-photochromic monomer for the remainder of the contact lens in a casting mold. The photochromic and non-photochromic monomers can differ by their degree of polymerization, viscosity and/or density.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for increasing the depth of focus of the human eye is comprised of a lens body, an optic in the lens body configured to produce light interference, and a pinhole-like optical aperture substantially in the center of the optic. The optic may be configured to produce light scattering or composed of a light reflective material. Alternatively, the optic may increase the depth of focus via a combination of light interference, light scattering, light reflection and/or light absorption. The optic may also be configured as a series of concentric circles, a weave, a pattern of particles, or a pattern of curvatures. One method involves screening a patient for an ophthalmic lens using a pinhole screening device in the lens to increase the patient's depth of focus. Another method comprises surgically implanting a mask in the patient's eye to increase the depth of focus.

Abstract: A biometry device to facilitate immersion biometry allowing the biometrist to perform the study without having to hold a device onto the patient's eye and without the need for a local topical anesthetic. The device consists of a mask or goggles that fit over the patient's eyes. The mask/goggles can have a single fluid chamber covering both eyes or two fluid chambers, one to cover each eye. Transducers are mounted in the goggle, one opposite each eye. The transducers are mounted in a housing that allows each one to be manipulated so that it is axially aligned with the eye under examination.

Abstract: The invention refers to a system to measure the topography of both surfaces of the cornea (6) and it is thickness, based on a collimated light beam, namely a laser beam, expanded in a fan shape (5) by a cylindrical lens (4) provided with rotational movement. The fan expanded beam (5) produces an image of a corneal section by light diffusion; this image is captured by one or more video cameras (2, 3). The rotation of the cylindrical lens (4) causes the simultaneous rotation of the corneal section image, producing a complete scanning of the same cornea (6).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring with a single device both the aberrations introduced by an eye and the topography of the cornea of the eye. The method includes determining aberrations within a wavefront created by reflecting a beam off the retina of an eye, determining the corneal topography of the eye from a pattern reflected by the cornea, and directing the beam, wavefront, and reflected pattern using a combiner/separator. The apparatus includes a source for generating the beam for producing the wavefront exiting the eye and a first imaging device for receiving the wavefront to determine aberrations, a projector for projecting the pattern onto the cornea for reflection by the cornea and a second imaging device for receiving the reflected pattern to determine corneal topography, and a combiner/separator for directing the beam, wavefront, and reflected pattern.

Abstract: In producing an animation by making a combination of basic motions of a moving body, an animation production apparatus acquires a type of each of the basic motions constituting a predetermined motion, acquires spatial data on an object, including the moving body, in a virtual space for each of the basic motions, produces key frames corresponding to each of the basic motions, acquires motion time information for each of the basic motions, produces an animation on the basis of the key frames and the motion time information, stores animation information including the spatial data and the motion time information in a state associated with each of the basic motions, extracts reusable information from the animation information for each of the basic motions at an alteration of an animation, and stores a previously produced motion procedure as a work model. This enables efficient and easy alteration of a produced animation.

Abstract: A moving picture recording/reproducing apparatus has a camera portion to take a moving picture, a compressor/expander which compresses and expands a video signal and an audio signal, a card slot which receives a memory card that records compressed video and audio data, and an LCD and a speaker which reproduces and outputs the video and audio data recorded in the memory card. This recording/reproducing apparatus has such a size that easily fits in a pocket of a jacket. The apparatus takes moving pictures and still pictures, and further records and reproduces video signals from an external apparatus.

Abstract: A projection system having a controller and a plurality of reflective SLMs operatively coupled to the controller to receive image data from the controller. The reflective SLMs are aligned in series to receive light from a light source and to reflect imaging light correlated to the image data.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a projection type display that can change a quantity of light emitted to a light modulation means without changing the intensity of light emission from a lamp and exhibit superiority in an image expression and adaptability to an operational environment. This comprises an illumination device, a liquid crystal light valve modulating light emitted from the illumination device and a projection lens projecting light modulated by the liquid crystal light valve. This illumination device is provided with a light source, a fly-eye lens making illumination distribution of light incident from the light source uniform and a liquid crystal element for light adjustment which is disposed on an optical axis of light emitted from the light source and adjusts a quantity of light emitted from the light source.

Abstract: A projection display system employs one or more color modifying aperture stops, such as apodizing aperture stops, to provide high contrast, balanced color and high throughput. One projection system includes a reflective liquid crystal-on-silicon light valve positioned with a polarizing beam splitter, such as a wire grid polarizing beam splitter, for each of the primary color component light paths to separately impart image information into each of the primary color components of light. A color combiner receives and combines the primary color components of light with imparted image information to provide light representing a polychromatic display image. At least one aperture stop is positioned along at least one of the primary color component light paths to balance relative intensities of the primary color components of light.

Abstract: A white light beam from a light source portion (201) is separated into respective light beams of red, green and blue by a color separation optical system (204). The respective light beams are reflected by a rotating polygon mirror (207), travel via a second optical system (210) and form belt-like illuminated regions on an image display panel (212). By a rotation of the rotating polygon mirror (207), the illuminated regions of the respective light beams move continuously, and each pixel of the image display panel (212) is driven by a signal corresponding to a color of light entering this pixel. An image on the image display panel (212) is magnified and projected onto a screen by a projection optical system (216).

Abstract: A projector and an optical system for a projector are disclosed that use an array of digital micromirrors arranged in a plane to create an image. Each micromirror is rotatable between an ON and an OFF position to modulate incident light by directing it in a first or in a second direction. A prism system receives light from the array of micromirrors and includes a first prism, an air gap layer, a second prism, and an air interface that may be a second air gap layer between the second prism and a third prism. The first and second prisms have top prism surfaces at equal and opposite angles to a normal to the plane of the micromirror array to assure that light reflected from the digital micromirrors in a third direction between the first and second directions is not transmitted through the projector, preventing reduced contrast of a projected image.

Abstract: An image recording device has a supporting surface which supports a photographic printing paper at an exposure position, and a conveying roller pair in a vicinity of the supporting surface. A projecting height of a nip position of the conveying roller pair from the supporting surface is 5 &mgr;m to 300 &mgr;m. Further, a step between the supporting surface at the exposure position and a conveying guide adjacent to the supporting surface is 1.0 mm or less. The shock or vibrations, which are generated at the leading end or the trailing end of the photographic printing paper are reduced. Moreover, the conveying roller pair and a pressing roller block propagation of vibrations to the exposure region.

Abstract: A lithographic apparatus includes a first space containing a plasma source and also containing a source gas which may have a high absorption of radiation at the wavelength of the projection beam of the apparatus, this gas being restricted from entering the remainder of the lithographic system by a second space containing a buffer gas having a low absorption at the wavelength of the projection beam of the apparatus. The pressure of the buffer gas is lower than or equal to that of the source gas.

Abstract: A high exposure accuracy is obtained while mitigating the influence of vibration by using an exposure method and an exposure apparatus. Columns (59A, 59B) are installed on a base plate (12), a reticle base (62) is supported at the inside of the columns (59A, 59B) by the aid of variable mount sections (61A, 61B) having high rigidity, a finely movable stage (63) is movably placed on the reticle base (62) by the aid of air bearings, and a reticle (R1) as an exposure objective is placed on the finely movable stage (63). A coarsely movable stage (64) is hung on a bottom surface of a support plate (66) arranged over the reticle base (62) in a state capable of being driven in a scanning direction. The finely movable stage (63) is driven by the coarsely movable stage (64) in the scanning direction in a non-contact state with respect to the reticle base (62).

Abstract: A pattern forming method of the invention for transferring a pattern on a photo-mask onto a photo-sensitive resin film on a substrate using a scan-projection exposure method includes the steps of:

Abstract: An illumination system and condenser for use in photolithography in the extreme ultraviolet wavelength region having a first non-imaging optic element collecting electromagnetic radiation from a source and creating a desired irradiance distribution and a second non-imaging optic element receiving the electromagnetic radiation from the first non-imaging optic element and redirecting and imaging the electromagnetic radiation. The electromagnetic radiation emanating from the second non-imaging optic element is suitable for being received by other conventional optical surfaces to provide a desired irradiance distribution with a desired angular distribution and desired shape. Facets are used to provide the desired illumination over the desired illumination field. Reflective facets may be placed on the second non-imaging optic, which can reduce the number of mirrors and increase efficiency.

Abstract: A new optical lithographic exposure apparatus is described. The apparatus may comprise, for example, a lithographic stepper or scanner. A wafer stage comprises a means of supporting a semiconductor wafer. A mask stage comprises a means of holding a first mask and a second mask and maintaining a fixed relative position between the first mask and the second mask. The mask stage may further comprise an independent means of aligning each mask. A light source comprises a means to selectively shine actinic light through one of the first mask and the second mask. An imaging lens is capable of focusing the actinic light onto the semiconductor wafer. A step and scan method using the mask stage is provided. A first mask and a second mask are loaded into a mask stage of an optical lithographic exposure apparatus. The first mask and the second mask are aligned. The first mask is scanned. The wafer is then stepped. The second mask is scanned.

Abstract: The red eye detecting and correcting method detects red eye that occurred in an image during photographing and correcting the thus detected red eye to a specified color of pupil. Parameters employed in red eye detection and correction are altered in accordance with at least one of conditions as follows: type of the image, a camera model with which the image was recorded, a processing space for image data on the image, image processing steps to which the image is to be subjected before red eye detection and correction, format of the image, and scan condition.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device and an apparatus of automatically adjusting a semiconductor pattern can precisely correct a difference in the shape or position of a pattern exposed or formed in two exposure steps. A pattern measuring unit measures an offset between the first pattern and the second pattern in a pattern measuring step. Based on the information on the offset thus detected, the first pattern is adjusted in a first patterning step with a high degree of freedom in the next manufacturing step cycle of a semiconductor device to precisely align the shape or position of the first pattern with the second pattern in a second patterning step with a low degree of freedom.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a light-wave rangefinder using a pulse method, which can reduce a measurement error, in which a tuned amplifier converts an electric signal of a light receiving unit into a damped oscillation waveform and thereby an arithmetic processing means can calculate a distance from a measuring position to a reflecting object on the basis of the damped oscillation waveform of the tuned amplifier. An optical noise sampling unit samples an optical noise produced in the rangefinder; an optical-noise storage unit stores sampling data of the optical-noise sampling unit; an arithmetic processing means reduces a measurement error caused by an optical noise on the basis of the sampling data of the optical-noise storage unit; and thereby a distance, a measurement error of which is reduced, can be calculated.

Abstract: A method for determining the relative motion of a surface with respect to a measurement device comprising:

Abstract: When utilized in a flow imaging instrument, calibration beads provide a known data source that can be employed in various self-diagnostic, calibration and quality metric applications for the both the optical system of the flow imaging instrument, as well as the flow cell of the flow imaging instrument. Such data can be used to determine point spread functions associated with an imaging system, to determine a sensitivity of an imaging system, and to determine a focal point of the imaging system. Imagery collected from calibration beads can be used to determine core size and stability and TDI/flow speed synchronization. Calibration beads can be beneficially employed to enable stable system operation, even when very low sample concentration, or very small sample sizes are to be analyzed.

Abstract: A light beam from a light-emitting device is applied to a measurement object via a collimator lens and an object lens, and reflected light concentrated via the object lens among the reflected light from a light spot formed on the measurement object is split and concentrated by a beam splitter and a light-receiving lens. The reflected lights from the two regions inside the light spot located at a prescribed interval on a straight line parallel to the travel direction of the measurement object are made to pass separately through two pinholes, respectively, and the resulting reflected lights are respectively made incident on two light-receiving sections. Then, on the basis of the outputs of the two light-receiving sections, the travel speed and the quantity of movement of the measurement object are measured by an operating unit.