Abstract: A large round baler is provided with a wrapping arrangement which supplies wrapping material to a baling chamber inlet at a location above the floor of a baling chamber. The wrapping arrangement includes a wrapping material supply roll positioned at, or in frictional contact with, a feed roll, which conveys the wrapping material and delivers it such that it gravitates downwardly through a gap provided between an anvil and movable part of a cut-off device, the cut-off device being located at the inlet to the baling chamber so that the gravitating material passes into the baling chamber where it is caught between the formed bale and a rotatable bale-forming device which delimits at least a portion of the circumference of the baling chamber.

Abstract: With a receiving silo and/or filter device for inflammable dry bulk materials comprising a substantially cylindrical wall, a lid, a dry bulk material feeding and discharging system, as well as a pressure relief element opening at a predetermined pressure rise in the container, in particular with an explosion door and filter elements associated with the container, the aim is to further develop a silo or filter device of the specified type in such a way that it is capable with as little constructional expenditure as possible to absorb the occurring mechanical stresses and to safely assure pressure relief at the same time.

Abstract: The invention relates to a filter bag (11) for holding filtering material located inside a gas-insulated housing of an electrical installation. Said filter bag is produced from a fabric that is resistant to high temperatures, which eliminates the need for holding devices protecting the filter bag from hot switching gases to be provided inside the compressed gas housing.

Abstract: A gas/liquid separation system includes a cyclone case, a gas outflow pipe including a flange, and a housing that accommodates a valve and is welded to a peripheral edge portion of an upper opening of the cyclone case. An upper opening of a cylindrical portion of the cyclone case is blocked off by the flange of the gas outflow pipe. An annular projection is formed at the flange and at the housing. The annular projections fit together with an annular recess formed in the upper opening edge portion of the cyclone case. The gas outflow pipe and the housing are welded at the upper opening edge portion of the cyclone case. A sealing property can be secured without using seal members, and welding portions are few.

Abstract: A continuous strip of framing material suitable for use in making filter products that can be provided of indefinite length and which is storable as a flat product capable of being wound into roll form. Moreover, the continuous strip of framing material includes features to create a three-dimensional frame structure for wrapping about filtration media in a manner to provide a strong and effective filter product assembly.

Abstract: A rake system for removing underwater vegetation comprising a plate assembly, a handle assembly, and a line. The plate assembly comprises first and second engaging members each defining an engaging edge. The handle assembly is attached to the plate assembly. The line is attached to the handle assembly. During use, the user grips the handle assembly to toss the plate assembly to a first underwater location. The user then pulls the line to displace the plate assembly from the first underwater location along a harvest path. The engaging edges of the engaging members are adapted to engage the underwater vegetation to fix the underwater vegetation relative to the plate assembly such that continued pulling on the line removes the underwater vegetation in a harvest region defined by the harvest path.

Abstract: A grass-cutting tractor has an internal combustion engine, an apparatus which changes engine speed, and a generator. In the improvement, the apparatus includes a user-manipulated mechanism having a plurality of operating positions. Two of the operating positions are each identified by different grass-related mnemonics, e.g., NORMAL, HEAVY, MEDIUM, HIGH, REGULAR or TALL, which relate to the height of the grass to be cut and one of the positions corresponds to operation of the generator.

Abstract: Disclosed is a sensor for detecting the presence of a crop flow in a harvesting machine. The sensor is designed to emit an output signal containing information on whether crop material is passing through the harvesting machine or not. It is suggested that the sensor be designed to detect vibrations produced during the processing and/or transporting of the crop flow in the harvesting machine. Such a sensor is especially suitable for use with arrangements for calculating the area from which crop is being harvested and for mapping yields.

Abstract: A mechanism for attaching a harvesting assembly to a combine having a multicoupler which connects hydraulic lines on the combine with hydraulic lines on the harvesting assembly as two halves of the multicoupler are brought together, and a latching mechanism which mechanically couples the harvesting assembly to the combine, the latching mechanism being operatively connected with the multicoupler to shift between latched and unlatched modes as the multicoupler is shifted between connected and unconnected modes.

Abstract: An agricultural harvesting machine, such as a forage harvester comprises a set of feedrolls (20, 21, 26, 27) for feeding harvested crop material to a rotating cutterhead (36). The feedrolls are driven by a hydraulic drive means comprising a hydrostatic pump (123) coupled to the engine (70) of the harvesting machine, a hydrostatic motor (80) coupled to said feeder means (20, 21, 26, 27) and hydraulic circuitry (142, 143, 152) interconnecting the pump and the motor. The circuitry comprises a feeder arrest valve (165) which is operable to interrupt the oil flow from said hydrostatic motor (80), thereby arresting said feedrolls (20, 21, 26, 27). The hydrostatic motor (80) is provided with a flushing valve (156) for diverting part of the oil flow in said circuitry through said motor for lubricating and cooling the latter. The arrest valve (165) is provided in said circuitry (142, 143, 152) between the hydrostatic motor (80) and the flushing valve (156).

Abstract: This row unit utilizes an improved multi-zone, multi-functional stalk roll, which contains a novel revolving entry window to improve entry and increase engagement of the fluted portion of the stalk roll flutes with the corn stalk. The stalk rolls described are multi-sectional and contain multi-length variable flutes. The number of flutes described for each zone may vary as well as whether the flutes are meshing or non-meshing and angled or non-angled. The stalk rolls described allow a constant speed drive shaft to create lower and/or higher effective circumferential contact speeds within each zone of the stalk roll. The invention provides that the rotating transport vanes located on the helical nose cone at the entry area to the stalk roll flutes lock the corn stalk into a revolving entry window. This novel row unit contains a multi-zone, multi-functional stripper plate that ensures minimal ear wedging and maximum discharge of material other than ears.

Abstract: In a piston press for bales of harvested material, comprising a plunger piston (K) movable forwards and backwards, a feeding channel (Z) including a reel (R), driven by a crank mechanism, with reel levers (10) on a crankshaft journal (8) of the crank mechanism, a control drive, and a switching device (V) for changing the movement path (l, f) of the reel tips between loading and feeding strokes, wherein a control arm (11) elongating the reel lever (10) is coupled with a control rod (13) supported in a displaceable control joint (G) and the control joint (G) is fixable in at least one position corresponding to a feeding stroke movement path, the control joint (G) is fixed only in the position for a feeding stroke (l) while it remains freely movable during each loading stroke (f).

Abstract: According to the present invention there is provided a fuel injection system for a combustion engine, comprising:

Abstract: A particulate filter (22) is arranged in an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine. Whether the particulate deposited on the particulate filter (22) has changed in property to a property harder to oxidize compared with right after deposition is predicted or judged. When the fact that the particulate deposited on the particulate filter (22) has changed in property to a property harder to oxidize compared with right after deposition is predicted or judged, the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the particulate filter (22) is switched temporarily from lean to rich.

Abstract: A vehicle control device is installed in a hybrid vehicle which can run by a driving force of at least one of an engine and a motor, and charges a battery by driving the engine when an amount of electric power stored in a battery which supplies the electric power to a motor becomes equal to or smaller than a predetermined lower limit. The vehicle control device preheats the engine, a catalyst and the like when an amount of the electric power stored in the battery becomes equal to a value which is set as an amount of stored electric power that is larger than the lower limit. Thus, since the engine and the like have already been warmed when the engine is started, deterioration of emission can be prevented, and the vehicle can run properly.

Abstract: A device for purifying exhaust gas of a diesel engine equipped with a continuous regeneration type diesel particulate filter arranged in the exhaust gas passage of the engine, which comprises an intake air shutter arranged in the intake air passage of the engine, an exhaust gas temperature region detecting means for detecting an exhaust gas temperature region of the engine, a control means for controlling to squeeze the opening degree of said intake air shutter when the exhaust gas temperature region of the engine, detected by said exhaust gas temperature region detecting means, is lower than a predetermined temperature region, and an exhaust valve-operating mechanism equipped with an exhaust gas introduction mechanism for opening the exhaust valve of the engine for a short period of time during the intake stroke.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a model for modeling a discharge phase of a nitrogen oxide (NOx)-storage catalytic converter (12′) of an internal combustion engine (1), especially of a motor vehicle. The NOx-storage catalytic converter (12′) is subdivided into an oxygen (O2)-store and a nitrogen oxide (NOx)-store and a reducing agent mass flow (msrg) is determined which charges the O2-store and the NOx-store. In order to model a discharge phase of the NOx-storage catalytic converter (12′) reliably and precisely and with the least possible complexity, the suggestion is made that the O2-store is modeled via a first integrator for oxygen (O2) and the NOx-store via a second integrator for nitrogen oxide (NOx) and the first integrator and the second integrator are charged proportionally with the reducing agent mass flow (msrg) in accordance with an apportioning factor.

Abstract: A moisture removal device for an internal combustion engine use exhaust gas purifying device with a trapped moisture amount estimation means which estimates amount of moisture exhausted from an internal combustion engine and trapped in the catalyst, a judgement means which judges whether the estimated value of the trapped moisture amount exceeds a predetermined amount, and means for controlling removal of the moisture trapped in the catalyst, wherein when the estimated value of moisture trapped in the catalyst exceeds the predetermined value, a control of removing the moisture in the catalyst is performed. Whereby, since the moisture trapped by the catalyst can be removed and a possible elution of the catalyst components can be prevented, reduction of exhaust gas purifying performance of the catalyst can be prevented.

Abstract: An exhaust-emission purifying apparatus for an internal combustion engine, includes an NOx purifying catalyst disposed in an exhaust system of the engine to purify NOx in an exhaust emission of the engine, and hold a specific substance (in addition to NOx) in the exhaust emission by adsorption or absorption of the specific substance. A controller is operable to detect an NOx purifying ability of the NOx purifying catalyst which is lowered with an increase in the amount of the specific substance held by the catalyst. The controller compares the detected NOx purifying ability with a predetermined threshold value to determine whether the catalyst has been poisoned with the specific substance. When the controller determines that the catalyst has been poisoned with the specific substance, the controller commands at least the engine to effect a poisoning removing treatment of the catalyst, for releasing the specific substance from the catalyst.

Abstract: A structure of an exhaust manifold branch collecting portion where a plurality of pipe members are joined integrally at their respective downstream ends, wherein a thickened portion is provided at the downstream end of at least one pipe member on a center side of the exhaust manifold branch collecting portion.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hydrodynamic coupling. Said coupling comprises a primary wheel (2; 2.2; 2.3) and a secondary wheel (3; 3.2; 3.3), which together form a toroidal working chamber (4; 4.2; 4.3), a shell (5; 5.2; 5.3), which is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the primary wheel and surrounds the secondary wheel in the axial direction and at least partially in the radial direction, thus forming an intermediate chamber (6; 6.2; 6.3) and at least one passage (8; 8.2; 8.3) that is located in the outer radial area of the shell. The invention is characterized by the following features: a second shell (10; 10.2; 10.3) coupled in a rotationally fixed manner to the first shell and/or the primary wheel, thus forming a second intermediate chamber (11; 11.2; 11.3); the second intermediate chamber is connected to the first intermediate chamber via the passage (13; 13.2; 13.

Abstract: Hydraulic oil supplied from pumps (12),(13) to an attachment actuator (60) is controlled by attachment control valves (27),(28). Hydraulic oil supplied from pumps (12),(13) to other actuators (52),(54),(56),(58) is controlled by other control valves (21) through (26). Control conditions for operating the attachment actuator (60) alone and control conditions for operating the attachment actuator (60) simultaneously with any of the other actuators (52),(54),(56),(58) are discriminated by the pilot pressure sensors (32),(34),(36),(38).

Abstract: An assembly for sensing travel by a piston in a master cylinder comprises a magnet and a retainer for retaining the magnet proximate the piston. An orientation screw engages an axial slot in the piston to inhibit rotation of the piston.

Abstract: An offer of a double-acting pressure intensifying cylinder and method for intensifying pressure in the cylinder that the adjustable pressure-intensified stroke can be obtained, larger driving force can be obtained, downsizing of cylinders is attained, simple structure makes it possible to be inexpensive and to reduce the rate of the occurrence of trouble such as breakdown. In a double-acting pressure intensifying cylinder 30, a first cylinder 10 and a second cylinder 20 are connected via an operation chamber 14 in series. The first fluid chamber 11 is provided with a first piston 12 and the second fluid chamber 21 is provided with a second piston 22. In an operation chamber 14, a rod 13 is slidably inserted. The first fluid chamber 11 has a first fluid supply port 1 and an air port 5, the second fluid chamber 21 has a third fluid supply port 3 and a fourth fluid supply port 4, the operation chamber 14 has a second fluid supply port 2.

Abstract: Internal combustion engines, which have an exhaust-gas turbocharger that possesses an adjustable turbine geometry, include a waste-gate bypass. When a valve controlling the waste-gate bypass malfunctions, the pressure in the intake-system branch and the exhaust-system branch may increase to an undesirably high level, which may result in component parts being damaged. To prevent this in an internal combustion engine having an exhaust-gas turbocharger, a pressure sensor is provided, which determines the pressure in or upstream from the turbine and transmits it to an electronic control unit. When the control unit determines that a preselected limiting value of the pressure has been exceeded, the turbine geometry is modified so that the turbine may be prevented from being damaged. This arrangement is provided for internal combustion engines, which have an exhaust-gas turbocharger and are equipped with, in particular, an engine-braking device.

Abstract: Systems or combinations and methodology for converting solar energy to electrical energy and thermal energy and for converting the resultant thermal energy to electrical energy are disclosed. Systems and methodology for conversion of low temperature thermal energy, wherever obtained, to electrical energy using a Rankine cycle mechanism to drive an electrical generator or do other work in a cost effective way are also disclosed.

Abstract: A combustion system including a plurality of axially staged tubular premixers to control emissions and minimize combustion noise. The combustion system includes a radial inflow premixer that delivers the combustion mixture across a contoured dome into the combustion chamber. The axially staged premixers having a twist mixing apparatus to rotate the fluid flow and cause improved mixing without causing flow recirculation that could lead to pre-ignition or flashback.

Abstract: The heat recovery boiler (1) is operated, at least temporarily, by feeding its combustion system with air (13) and with a stream (15) of flue gases (4) recycled to a level of at least 45%, typically between 50 and 65%, so as to allow the efficiency of the boiler to be increased and to decouple it, at least temporarily, from the combustion engine (8) driving a generator (9), the exhaust gases from which are burnt in post-combustion mode in the boiler in cogeneration mode.

Abstract: A fluid temperature control apparatus performing precise control of the temperature, in which a high sealing performance in a heat transfer chamber is maintained even under a situation of repetitive thermal cycle accompanying the cooling and heating. The fluid temperature control apparatus includes a heat transfer block formed with an inflow port, an outflow port and a concave portion; a heat transfer plate which constitutes the heat transfer chamber by covering the concave portion of the heat transfer block; a holding unit for holding the heat transfer block and the heat transfer plate by using an elastic member so as to prevent plastic deformation of the heat transfer block by means of expansion or contraction of the elastic member following thermal expansion or thermal contraction of the heat transfer block; and temperature controlling unit for performing heat exchange with the fluid via the heat transfer plate.

Abstract: A ring-shaped jacket is fitted around the warm section of a Stirling refrigerating device, and a cylindrical heat-rejecting heat exchanger is disposed around the body of the Stirling refrigerating device with a gap secured in between. The jacket and the heat-rejecting heat exchanger are connected together with a pipe to form a closed circuit, and a refrigerant is circulated through the closed circuit. This allows the heat in the warm section to be transferred by the refrigerant, permitting efficient heat rejection from the heat-rejecting heat exchanger. Thus, the desired cold is obtained stably from the cold section of the Stirling refrigerating device.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and systems for densifying liquids, specifically the densification of cryogenic propellants. A preferred system of the present invention subcools and densifies liquid propellants by utilizing a countercurrent gas or liquid flow. The countercurrent flow preferably utilizes a gas having a lower boiling point than the propellants. A packed tower may then be used, at or above atmospheric pressure, to introduce the countercurrent flow to the propellant. This methodology avoids the costs and problems associated with subatmospheric operation. A preferred embodiment is directed toward the densification of liquid oxygen, with a similar embodiment directed toward the simultaneous densification of liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen. Systems and methods of the present invention may also be used to densify other liquids in similar fashion.

Abstract: There is disclosed cooling apparatus for cooling a sample or sensor to the neighborhood of the boiling temperature of a liquefied gas by transporting the gas. The cooling apparatus can be run stably such that piping or needle valve acting as a medium for transporting the liquefied gas is not clogged up. The apparatus is so constructed that a gas collection port is installed in a transfer tube and that gas produced by evaporation of the liquefied gas is collected and used as a coolant for a cooling head.

Abstract: The proposed method and the installation are intended for application in systems of reduction of natural gas from high—e.g. in a borehole or in a main pipeline down to the pressure value required for the consumer.

Abstract: A selectively controllable valve is arranged in a refrigeration circuit which interconnects the evaporator and the condenser and is controlled so that a pressure differential is built up across the valve. The valve is selectively opened to allow “batches” of working fluid to pass therethrough. In some embodiments, the working fluid which is allowed to pass through the valve, is heated in a chamber to increase the amount of pressure on the downstream side of the valve. This produces expanded pressurized working fluid which increases the pressure in the condenser and forces previously condensed and liquefied working fluid through a flow restricting transfer device into an evaporator. Condensation of the just heated gas in the condenser subsequently reduces the pressure on the downstream side of the valve and establishes conditions suitable for the passage of a further amount of gaseous working fluid while itself becoming liquid to be forced through the flow restricting transfer device.

Abstract: A chiller includes a chilling compartment for receiving food products to be chilled and a chilling system for delivering chilled air to the chilling compartment during chilling operations. A controller effects operation of the chilling system and includes associated memory storing a plurality of food product data entries. Each food product data entry includes a food product name and at least one associated chilling operation setting for the food product. A user input device is associated with the controller. The controller is operable in conjunction with the user input device to permit a user to select a particular food product data entry such that the controller retrieves at least one chilling operation setting of the particular food product data entry for use in a subsequent chilling operation. The chiller may also include a label printing mechanism for printing chilling operation summary labels which can be applied to food product containers.

Abstract: An apparatus for automatically shifting a bail arm of an automatic ice maker upon repositioning an ice storage bin carried by a slidable freezer drawer or basket includes a wedge member arranged just above a rear wall of the bin, preferably between the bin and a rear wall of the basket. The wedge member defines a frontal wedge portion that generally tapers laterally and rearwardly from a wide section to a narrow section. As the bin is shifted out of the freezer compartment, the bail arm initially engages the wide section of the frontal wedge portion, then rides up the frontal wedge portion, and subsequently rides along an opposing, rear wedge portion of the wedge member. This action is reversed upon sliding the bin back into place beneath the ice maker to gently repositioned the bale arm over the ice bin.

Abstract: This invention makes it possible to charge a refrigeration apparatus with the amount of refrigerant that the refrigeration apparatus requires at the time of onsite installation. As a result, the optimum refrigerant charging amount can always be obtained. The refrigeration apparatus is provided with a refrigeration cycle (A) in which an outdoor unit (X) equipped with a compressor (1), a condenser (2), and a receiver (3) and an indoor unit (Y) equipped with an expansion valve (4) and an evaporator (5) are connected together by a liquid pipe (8) and a gas pipe (9). The refrigeration cycle (A) is charged with refrigerant while a refrigerant charging operation state is created in which the liquid pipe (8) connecting the outdoor unit (X) to the indoor unit (Y) is filled with liquid refrigerant having a prescribed density.

Abstract: In a multistage rotary compressor using a refrigerant such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and the like which becomes high in a discharge pressure, operating efficiency thereof can be enhanced by appropriately setting the ratio between displacement of the respective rotary compression elements and the areas of discharge ports thereof.

Abstract: An automotive air conditioning system comprising a main heating unit 4 for heating air passing through an air conditioning duct 2 with cooling water of an engine E and a refrigeration cycle device 20 having a first refrigerant circulating circuit 21 which is a cooler mode and a second refrigerant circulating circuit 22 which is a heater mode and whose operation is controlled by an ECU 10, wherein while the automotive air conditioning system is operated in a heater mode functioning as auxiliary heating, in the event that a heating load is equal to or larger than a predetermined value, a refrigerant compressor 7 is kept switched off until a predetermined time T1 has elapsed after the engine E has started.

Abstract: Two case members of the same shape are attached to the body of an expansion valve and a temperature sensing drive element through sound insulating members. Each of the two case members is formed having upper retaining and retainable portions at its upper part and lower retaining and retainable portions at its lower part. The upper retaining portion, upper retainable portion, lower retaining portion, and lower retainable portion of one of the case members are in engagement with the upper retainable portion, upper retaining portion, lower retainable portion, and lower retaining portion, respectively, of the other case member.

Abstract: A spray cooling system for transverse thin-film evaporative spray cooling in a narrow gap which generally includes a framework, a cooling cavity, a plurality of atomizers oriented to transversely spray coolant across the electronic components to be cooled, and preferably a vapor recirculation system and a reduction in cross section from the inlet or spray side to the exit side.

Abstract: A shelved cupboard for refrigerated goods comprises an opening (1) for putting in or taking out refrigerated goods (2) and a ducting arrangement (3-10) for circulating of cooled air form a cooling element (11) provided thereto. The ducting arrangement (3-10) enables cooled air to be carried in separate streams, partly in between the regrigeratede goods (2) and partly past the opening (1) in order to create a screening layer. The distribution of cooled air between the refrigerated goods (2) takes place via an oulet nozzle (7) at an end of an overlying shelf (12), while the distribution of cooled air to the screening lyer takes place via an oulet nozzle (10) near the upper transverse end of the opening (1).

Abstract: A hot or cold food dispensing modular assembly comprising a turn table which supports a plurality of containers for holding food accompaniments such as toppings, fixings and the like for easy dispensing and for food needing refrigeration, such as ice cream or heat retention such as chili over a longer period of time during party celebrations and the like.

Abstract: Comfortable body jewelry is formed from glass; a non-allergenic, lightweight, rigid, ultra smooth material, easily cleaned and sanitized with light transmitting properties. A post portion is located between a decorative bud and a retaining nub to form a single integral unit without seams, welds, clips, clasps, clutches or threaded ball.

Abstract: A personal ornament comprises a support member assembly; a pair of support members formed so as to project upwardly in order that the support member assembly at predetermined space; axle holes formed a part in corresponding to the support members, respectively; a gemstone support bracket located movably between the support members, being attached to a gemstone including diamond; and a pair of support axles provided at a part in corresponding to the axle holes of the support member of the gemstone support bracket, being formed inclined face at the lower part which is supported at lower part adjacent to an opening end of the axle hole so that the position of the center of gravity of gemstone including a diamond changes and its motion also shakes automatically by motion of small support member, and brightness of gemstone including as a diamond attached to the gemstone support bracket can demonstrate the brightness to the maximum extent.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of gelation moulds made from hydrophobicized glass tubes for the production of monolithic mouldings as sorbents for chromatography.

Abstract: The invention relates to a manufacturing apparatus for simultaneously making different hollow glass products having different gob sizes comprising at least one feed apparatus (12), that has at least one glass reservoir (14), at least one plunger (18a, b), and at least one appurtenant cutting device (24a, b) in the discharge from the reservoir, at least one conveying means (28) to successively transport at least one of the gobs discharged from the feed apparatus (12) into a plurality of shape-imparting units (32a-c) disposed next to each other for variously sized gobs, at least one controller (22) to control the plunger (18a, b) and the cutting device (24a, b) of the feed apparatus (12), the conveying means (28), and the shape-imparting units (32a-c), and said controller (22) controls the activity of the shape-imparting units (32a-c), the feed apparatus (12), and the conveying means (28) in coordination with the gob-size-specific processing time of the products in the shape-imparting units (32a-c) or their cyc

Abstract: A process for colouring the glass materials to obtain decorated articles of glass-ceramics by the diffusion colouring technique, comprising the steps of: heat treatment of a precursor material or an article made of a transparent glass in vapours of a colourant selected from the group consisting of CuCl, CoCl2, NiCl2, MnCl2, or their mixture, in the following controlled temperature-temporal mode: continuous or step-by-step, with isothermal holdings, heating to T=800-900° C. at rate of 300-500°C./h, and after the final isothermal holding—heating to 950-1150° C. at rate of 300-900° C./h, holding and cooling.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing a chemical reinforced glass substrate, consideration is previously made about a relationship between conditions of chemical reinforcement for a glass substrate and deformation caused by the chemical reinforcement at an edge portion of the glass substrate. The glass substrate is chemically reinforced on the basis of the relationship so that an edge profile is shaped into a desirable edge profile during the chemical reinforcement. The resultant chemical reinforced glass substrate is flat and smooth in a wide area and effective to improve a recording density and to avoid head crashes.

Abstract: A new glass lining application method enables stable, uniform glass lining layers to be applied to large glass-lined instruments composed of a stainless base material, the method including forming a thermal spray treatment layer by applying a thermal spray treatment to a surface of a stainless base material using a thermal spray material selected from a group composed of a stainless material identical to the base material, Ni metal, Cr metal, Fe metal, Co metal, Ni—Cr alloys, and Fe—Cr alloys, then forming a glass lining layer on the thermal spray treatment layer by means of a glass lining heat treatment using a ground coat and a cover coat, a surface roughness Rz of the thermal spray treatment layer being within a range from 5 to 100 &mgr;m, and an open pore diameter being within a range from 3 to 60 &mgr;m.