Abstract: An oscillator circuit includes an oscillator core having two capacitances, two inductors designed as bonding wires, and a de-attenuation amplifier coupled to the oscillator core. The inductors of the oscillator core, which is preferably embodied to be tunable, are connected to a leadframe by a respective terminal. A chip including the oscillator core and the deattentuation amplifier is configured on the leadframe. A resonance transformation circuit is preferably provided for coupling the oscillator core and the de-attenuation amplifier. The oscillator can be used in a mobile radio when there are high requirements with regard to the phase noise.

Abstract: A evanescent resonator device includes a short-circuited evanescent waveguide and loading capacitor. The evanescent waveguide of the resonator includes a single length of evanescent transmission line terminated in short circuit, a first support substrate having a predetermined dielectric constant, the first support substrate having a top surface and a bottom surface; a dielectrically loaded feed network including: (a)a second substrate arranged on the top surface of the first support substrate, the second substrate having a predetermined dielectric constant that is higher than the first support substrate; and (b) a metal strip arranged on an upper surface of the second substrate, so that the second substrate is arranged between the first support substrate and the second substrate. A ground plane is arranged on the bottom surface of the first support substrate, the support substrate includes a hollow metalized center area being open on an upper end closest to the second substrate.

Abstract: In a dielectric filter, from the top surface to the bottom surface of a substantially rectangular dielectric block, inner-conductor holes are formed. On the inner surfaces of the inner-conductor holes, inner conductors are formed except where non-conductor portions are formed in proximity to one of the top and bottom surfaces, in which the apertures of the inner-conductor holes are formed. On the outer surface of the dielectric block, an outer conductor is formed substantially over the entire outer surface, and input and output electrodes isolated from the outer conductor are coupled with the non-conductor portions in the respective inner-conductor holes at the ends of the dielectric block in the direction of array of the inner-conductor holes.

Abstract: A circuit configuration for introducing bias in balanced lines capable of high frequency operation comprises top and bottom layers formed on a semiconductor substrate. The circuit includes two balanced metallized lines positioned on the substrate. Each metallized line has a serpentine line configuration connected thereto. The space between the lines is a virtual ground. The serpentine line configurations are congruent with the elements on the substrate layers to provide a completed circuit. The elements are coupled to a central metallic area, which in turn is coupled to a bias line through an open-line stub, which extends beyond the virtual ground and which provides equal capacitive coupling to the balanced lines on the top surface. In this manner, the balanced line configuration includes capacitors and inductors which are symmetrically distributed and which provide resonance at the designed operating frequency.

Abstract: In a magnet switch for a starter, a first contact portion and a second contact portion are connected in parallel between a battery and a motor. The first contact portion makes contact through a resistive component so that the motor starts rotation at low speed. By this, a pinion is pushed in an axial direction by an axial component of splines and brought into mesh with a ring gear in a condition that its rotation is restricted. Thereafter, the second contact portion makes contact in accordance with further movement of a plunger so that electric power is fully supplied to the motor through the second contact portion, thereby starting engine. A fixed contact of the first contact portion is made of a carbon material. The resistive component is provided by the carbon material.

Abstract: An AC electromagnet for use in electric switchgear includes a fixed, U-shaped magnet core positioned symmetrically to a central plane and a movable armature that is guided during its translational stroke by guide devices. The armature is T-shaped and positioned symmetrically to the magnet core, and has a cross leg to close the magnetic circuit and a central leg, the central leg being oriented toward the central web of the magnet core. An air gap is formed between the free end of the central leg and the center of the central web transversally to the longitudinal axis of the central leg. Leg heads are formed on the lateral legs of the magnet core, enlarged with respect to the cross-section of the lateral legs. The internal profile formed by the magnet core and the enlarged leg heads has a square or rectangular design, into which the driving coil is insertable, and the driving coil fills the yoke profile almost completely.

Abstract: A DC electromagnet system used in an electrical switchgear, for example in a contactor having a driving coil, includes a fixed, C-shaped magnet yoke and a movable, rod-shaped armature. The yoke has a central web and two legs. The armature is guided in its displacement stroke by guide devices, the free end of the armature being directed toward the central web of the magnet yoke. There is a single working air gap between the free end of the armature and the center of the central web, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the armature. The ends of the yoke legs extend to the proximity of the armature and are separated from the armature, each forming a parasitic air gap.

Abstract: A flexible permanent magnet containing atomized, generally spherical rare earth magnet particles bonded in a binder resin including a nitrile rubber and precipitated amorphous silica. The bonded permanent magnet exhibits high mechanical flexibility and elasticity, good magnetic properties, and good heat aging, and the magnet powder may be mixed with the binder resin with little to no risk of combustion. In an exemplary embodiment, a permanent magnet composition includes a nitrile rubber with about 23-37% acrylonitrile content, an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, a precipitated amorphous silica, and atomized, generally spherical rare earth magnet particles having a size distribution including a median particle size in the range of about 35-55 &mgr;m with a standard deviation in the range of about 10-30 &mgr;m and less than about 0.1% of the particles having a diameter above about 115 &mgr;m.

Abstract: An ignition coil (1) having a case (2), a core (22) installed in the case, a primary spool (25) disposed substantially coaxially around an outer circumference of the core within the case, a primary coil (26) comprising a wire wound around the primary spool, a secondary spool (23) disposed substantially coaxially around the outer circumference of the core within the case, a secondary coil (24) comprising a wire wound around the secondary spool and a resin insulating material (5) filled within the case, the ignition coil being characterized in that the spool of the primary and the secondary spools which is disposed between the secondary coil and the core and/or which is disposed between the secondary coil and the primary coil comprises a base resin having an adhesive strength to the resin insulating material which is less than that provided by polybutylene terephthalate and an insulation breakdown voltage which exceeds that provided by polyphenylene sulfide.

Abstract: A circuit configuration for converting logic signal levels has two level converters, to which an input signal to be converted is fed complementarily. The level converters generate a rising or falling edge with a different gradient. The output signals of the level converters are combined in a logic combination element. The logic combination element drives a togglable storage element, which provides the level-converted output signal. The duty ratio of the input signal is not changed during the level conversion, independently of production-dictated variations in the component parameters.

Abstract: The present invention provides a detection device, which comprises a light-emitting device for projecting a light source to a slotted mask. An optical detector is used to detect the light passing through the slots. A plurality of optical detection units are disposed in the optical detector. Each of the optical detection unit comprises an optical detection component for converting light into a current signal. The optical detection component is connected to a signal selection circuit via a current mirror circuit. When the current of one of optical detection units is maximal in all of the optical detection units and larger than a half of the total current, the optical detection unit will output a voltage signal of high voltage. Otherwise, it will output a voltage signal of low voltage. The present invention has the advantages of high resolution and high noise immunity.

Abstract: An improved fuse housing includes a main body and a cover and is configured to receive a fuse. The main body includes a plurality of fins that are configured to increase the surface area of the fuse housing in order to enhance heat dissipation. The main body is formed with a cavity for the fuse and a pair of conductors extending between the interior of the fuse housing and the exterior thereof for connection with the fuse. The cavity is configured to minimize the quantity of air between the fuse and the fuse housing to facilitates heat transfer. Each conductor includes excess studs for connection with the fuse to enhance heat conduction from the fuse. The cover is fastened to the main body with sufficient fasteners to permit the cover to be a stressed member to resist fracturing of the fuse housing from magnetic and other forces from the conductors.

Abstract: In a remote keyless system, a fob is disclosed, which provides the user with selective control of elements in a property in concert with a controller at the property, while the fob is nearby the property. In one example the fob is a wireless portable terminal, which accepts a biometric information having been presented by a user. A transducer generates a digital data based on the biometric information. A data store receives and stores the digital data generated by the transducer. A transmitter is responsive to the digital data having been stored in the data store for broadcasting a signal, at a predetermined frequency and modulated by the stored digital data for reception by the controller, after an interval of time corresponding to a time for the user carrying the wireless portable terminal to have traveled a distance, such that the user may present a predetermined biometric characteristic at a convenient place and time prior to the time of a consequent effect thereof at said property.

Abstract: In a remote keyless system, a fob is disclosed, which provides the user with selective control of elements in a property in concert with a controller at the property, while the fob is nearby the property. In one example the fob is a wireless portable biometric terminal, which accepts a biometric information having been presented by a user. A transducer generates a digital data based on the biometric information. A data store receives and stores the digital data generated by the transducer. A transmitter is responsive to the digital data having been stored in the data store for broadcasting a signal, at a predetermined frequency and modulated by the stored digital data for reception by the controller, after an interval of time corresponding to a time for the user carrying the wireless portable biometric terminal to have traveled a distance, such that the user may present a predetermined biometric characteristic at a convenient place and time prior to the time of a consequent effect thereof at said property.

Abstract: A system and method for permitting different authorized degrees of access to two or more users of a vehicle in a fleet of vehicles. Each user has a radio (RF) transponder coupled to an ignition key that operates the ignition switch of the vehicle. The transponder stores data indicating the degree of operating access authorized to each user for the vehicle.

Abstract: A contactless IC card having an antenna, a transmit/receive circuit for recovering data (clock) and electric power from a carrier signal received by the antenna, a logic circuit operated with the electric power supplied thereto from the transmit/receive circuit, and a memory. The transmit/receive circuit has a rectifier circuit for outputting data (clock) and rectifier circuits for electric power in such a manner that the carrier signal is inputted to each of the rectifier circuit for outputting data (clock) and the rectifier circuit for electric power. With this configuration, high frequency matching can be optimized separately for the rectifier circuit for outputting data (clock) and the rectifier circuit for electric power. It is also possible to separately optimize adjustments to a voltage of recovered data (clock) and a recovered supply voltage.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for monitoring the movement of an object traversing a circuit and outputting data with respect thereto. Lap events are recorded and used to calculate a total lap count, split time, and elapsed time for an event that includes the repetitive traversing of a circuit. Physiologic data is monitored in the case where the object is a person. A transponder or transmitter is affixed to a user and a signal having limited range is coupled to a communications and display device when the user comes into range of the device. Each such coupling is accumulated as lap event data. Calculations are made to display the lap count and timing information as well as physiologic data. In one embodiment, the device is implemented in a watertight housing and placed at the bottom of a swimming pool. The displayed information is visible to a swimmer wearing the transponder or transmitter. In another embodiment, the display is incorporated into eyewear worn by the person traversing a repetitive circuit.

Abstract: A monitor system for monitoring an environment inhabited by an occupant, the system comprises a controller having data storage means, a processor, data processing software, at least one input, and at least one output, wherein one at least one input comprises an output signal from a signal generator associated with a utility meter, the utility meter being arranged to meter a utility entering the monitored environment, wherein the said data processing software records and analyses the or each at least one input, and wherein said at least one output includes an alarm signal generated when the data processing software determines that the utility use pattern is abnormal.

Abstract: This device, Intruder Monitor System, is the first “I System that a person can buy to hook up to a Television and VCR. This is the first Security System to monitor and record activity in and outside of a home or building by itself. The Motion Detectors controls the cameras, TV. and VCR.

Abstract: A perimeter monitoring system is arranged to detect passage across a perimeter of an area. The system primarily includes an emitter, a retroreflector, a detector and an alarm. The emitter provides a modulated visible laser beam. The retroreflector is arranged to direct the beam along a segment of the perimeter and return the beam along the segment. The detector includes a device that blocks reception of light outside an angle of less than 5 degrees. One or more local or remote alarms are activated in response to the signal. For example, a remote alarm is located on the inside of a residence window where it is activated by another visible laser beam. Alignment of the peripheral monitoring system is less costly and false alarms are less likely than with known systems.

Abstract: A transceiver preferably embedded within a wearable security watch, PDA, or other device which achieves a variety of wireless ultrasonic and/or radio-frequency based functions, including digital identification and proximity and sensation monitoring of assets, individuals, pets, and the like. The portable or wearable device realizes these functions by periodically polling and receiving information tags within the transmitting distance of the device. The invention can help reduce the likelihood of the theft, loss, or misplacement by detecting that a tag associated with or attached to an entity has left an individual's proximity and sounding an alarm. The device can also assist individuals with sensory impairments, including persons who are deaf, diabetic, and the like, by detecting a tagged entity as it enters the space around an individual, or by detecting environmental stimuli, such as excessive heat in an individual's proximity or vital sign changes, and sounding an alarm.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and an apparatus implying nearly 100% security with a tag system showing low cost and compact volume. Like a conventional tag, the disclosed tag system will respond properly to an interrogation signal. In addition, the disclosed tag system is able to monitor the environment local to a merchandise. Whenever the merchandise package is opened and/or impaired, alarm will be generated on the spot. It is almost impossible to disarm the tag system, unless a password is attained. The disclosed tag system shows a high sensitivity, and it does not need an electronic searching machine, or an interrogation gate, to operate. When combined with an electromagnetic transmitter, a smart tag system results, allowing merchandise to be traced on the computer screen, capable of performing discriminative tasks according to the imposed regulation rules on the merchandise IDs.

Abstract: A radio-frequency identification tag and tape applicator. A preferred embodiment of the invention provides an applicator that includes a tag and tape handling system having a base, a tape supply holder attached to the base, a tag supply holder attached to the base, a tag applying mechanism attached to the base for applying a tag to a length of tape and that includes a taping head for applying the tag and the length of tape to an object. A preferred embodiment of the invention provides a radio-frequency identification tag applicator that includes a tag supply holder, a carrier roll holder, a carrier path from the supply roll holder to the carrier roll holder, a tag dispensing mechanism along the carrier path between the supply roll holder and the carrier roll holder for applying a tag to an object, and an interrogator for writing information to tags along the carrier path between the tag supply holder and the tag dispensing mechanism.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electronic circuit for an electronic seal of an identification system, wherein the seal is for communicating with a reader of the identification system, the seal including a bolt, the bolt including a shank and a housing that defines a cavity for receiving the shank. The electronic circuit includes: a controller having an input channel for receiving a first signal indicative of a status of the shank, and for generating a second signal based on the first signal; and a transmitter in communication with the controller for transmitting the second signal to the reader.

Abstract: This invention relates to a monitoring, alarm and automatic adjustment system for oxygen and/or compressed air, specifically to warn users of oxygen and/or compressed air of low pressure and/or no supply and automatically adjust the flow of oxygen and/or compressed air to the optimum rate according to the actual real time monitored condition and physiological needs of the user.

Abstract: A steering wheel (1) for a vehicle is proposed, which . . . 2 plural sensors (7) and (9). The sensors (7) and (9) are distributed into numerous segments (13) and (15) and thus enable the position of the hands on the steering wheel (1) to be detected with high local resolution. A method according to the invention for analyzing the signals supplied by the sensors (7) and (9) makes it possible to detect the position of the hands, and the maximum possible steering angle that can be set at the steering wheel (1) without changing the grip is also determined. Control actions and control signals can be derived from this information by means of a control unit. 2TRANSLATOR'S NOTE: Verb missing; presumably “comprises.

Abstract: A vocal container cap includes a cap portion and a vocal assembly received in the cap portion. When the cap portion is fully closed onto a container mouth, an elastic switch associated with a movable member of the vocal assembly is pressed against a contact on a circuit board supported on a fixed member of the vocal assembly to disable the vocal container cap. And when the cap portion is twisted to loosen from the container mouth, a spring lifts the movable member to separate the elastic switch from the contact and thereby actuates the vocal container cap to sound or voice.

Abstract: Energy dissipating loads are controlled from a location remote from the load. Load control information is transmitted between the remote location and the load by way of electrical energy transmission lines including a neutral conductor, a ground conductor and a line conductor. Load control information representative of the electrical energy applied to the load is determined and the load control information and applied to the energy transmission lines at an impressing end for transmission to a receiving end wherein the load control information is impressed between the neutral conductor and the ground conductor to provide impressed load control information. The impressed load control information is received at the receiving end by obtaining the load control information from between the neutral conductor and the ground conductor to provide received load control information. The energy of the load is controlled in accordance with the received load control information.

Abstract: A computer network includes a client computer and a main computer. The client computer includes a client controller coupled to a plurality of sensors. The main computer includes a main controller. The main controller and client controller are coupled to a bus. The plurality of sensors generate operating parameter data about the components, and the client controller receives the operating parameter data and converts it into a simplified protocol.

Abstract: As cars become more soundproof, it also becomes more difficult to hear the sirens of emergency vehicles. It is even difficult to hear the sirens of emergency vehicles in the less soundproof cars, especially when music is playing. Many accidents have resulted from this difficulty, as drivers are unable to hear sirens until it is too late to move out of the path of the emergency vehicle so that it can efficiently and quickly move through traffic and reach its destination. By flashing a warning light within the drivers' cars, the RF Siren System will allow drivers the advantage of being aware of the presence of an emergency vehicle at a distance where, in a normal situation, the driver would hardly be able to hear the siren. This advance notice will enable drivers to pull to the side of the road, clearing a path for the emergency vehicle.

Abstract: A charge applicable area Z is formed from a core area 50 and a buffer area 52 whose width r is set in accordance with the amount of error in the position recognition of a GPS in order that a charge is only applied to a vehicle that has entered a charge applicable area Z and that no charge is applied to a vehicle outside this area. As a result, when a vehicle is located outside the charge applicable area, although the recognized position existence probability circle 54 used in the GPS position detection may overlap with the buffer area 52, it does not go as far as the core area 50. Accordingly, even if the vehicle is recognized as being in the buffer area 52, it is possible that the vehicle is not actually located inside the charge applicable area, therefore no specifying that the vehicle is located inside the charge applicable area is authorized.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a system and method for acquiring image evidence of traffic violations. The system has a controller, an image acquisition system, and sensors. The controller acquires data from the sensors to determine the likelihood of a traffic violation. The controller determines a schedule for acquiring images associated with the violation. Multiple images may be acquired as evidence of the violation. The controller then directs the image acquisition to acquire images in compliance with the schedule. The controller may then package, encrypt, and authenticate data and images associated with the violation. The controller may then transfer the data to a remote location. The system may also determine a schedule to acquire images associated with multiple violations and/or traffic accidents.

Abstract: A system for determining a kind of vehicle and a method therefore, including a vehicle detection unit for detecting a vehicle which reaches to a vehicle detection region on a roadway, a wheel shaft number counting unit for counting a number of wheel shafts of the detected vehicle, an image photographing unit for photographing a front or rear image of the detected vehicle and a vehicle kind determination unit for yielding distances and widths of the tires of the detected vehicle on the basis of the photographed image from the image photographing unit and determining the kind of the vehicle on the basis of the number of wheel shafts detected from the wheel shaft counting unit and the yielded distance and width values can precisely determine the kind of vehicle traveling the roadway.

Abstract: A keyboard includes a text key zone and a special function key zone, and the special function key zone is further divided into seven major function zones, namely, mouse editing zone, Internet zone, multimedia play zone, application zone, power management zone, numeric and shortcut keys convert and input zone, and indicator zone. The seven major zones are electrically connected to I/O ports of a microcomputer included in an internal circuit configuration of the keyboard and work with a seventh class code that uses definition E2 as leading code. The keyboard enables different kinds of inputs, so that a user may perform professional and convenient operation or document editing directly under a computer operating system without the need of memorizing and combining multiple keys or using a mouse as an aid.

Abstract: A 6-bit output code word is generated in response to every 4-bit input code word by referring to a set of encoding tables. The encoding tables contain output code words assigned to input code words, and contain encoding-table designation information accompanying each output code word. The encoding-table designation information designates an encoding table among the encoding tables which is used next to generate an output code word immediately following the output code word accompanied with the encoding-table designation information. Two redundant bits are added to every prescribed number of the successive generated output code words for digital-sum-variation control. The generated output code words and the added redundant bits are sequentially connected into a redundant-bit-added output-code-word sequence which follows predetermined run length limiting rules (1, k)RLL, where “k” denotes a predetermined natural number equal to 9.

Abstract: A serializer-deserializer circuit having increased margins for setup and hold time is provided. The serializer-deserializer circuit comprises a data skew control circuit, a latch circuit, a serial converter circuit, and a phase locked loop (PLL). The data skew control circuit receives a first clock signal and a data signal, delays the data signal, and outputs a delayed data signal in response to a reference clock signal. The latch circuit latches and outputs the delayed data signal in response to the reference clock signal. The serial converter circuit receives and serializes an output signal of the latch circuit in response to the reference clock signal to output serial data. The PLL generates the reference clock signal in response to an external reference clock signal.

Abstract: A sigma-delta-type converter comprises: a sigma-delta modulator having a digital output having a first prefixed bit number; a randomizer including a circular memory; an analogical reconstruction filter comprising a branch number equal to said first default number including sampling capacitors and a low-pass filter; characterized in that said circular memory comprises a number of elements equal to said first default number of bits less one and receives in input said first default number of bits less one, and in that a bit of said first default number of bits is applied to one of said branches of said reconstruction filter.

Abstract: A D/A converter in an analog-digital mixed loop is realized with a reduced circuit area without sacrificing the resolution. A bit modulation section modulates an m-bit digital control signal, which is output from a digital section, into an n-bit (n<m) intermediate digital signal whose temporal average precision is substantially m bits. A D/A conversion section converts the intermediate digital signal into an intermediate analog signal having a range corresponding to m bits. Then, by the smoothing operation through an analog filter, the intermediate analog signal is output as an analog control signal that has an m-bit precision as that of the original signal. In this way, it is possible to reduce the bit width for the internal operation and thus to reduce the circuit area without sacrificing the resolution of a D/A converter.

Abstract: An improved circuit is provided that buffers the output of a DAC while improving the bandwidth and linearity of the circuit. A DAC comprises an output signal of a switched DAC circuit coupled to an inverting node of an output buffer configured as a difference amplifier, while a non-inverting node of the difference amplifier is coupled to a fixed reference potential. As a result, the difference amplifier buffers the output of the switched DAC circuit while permitting the use of N-type input stages in the amplifier, which can enhance the bandwidth capability of the circuit.

Abstract: A differential input flash analog-to-digital converter in which an array of comparators is connected to compare reference signals within a parabolic distribution of such signals generated by the application of a differential input signal across an impedance network. Preferably, the comparator array comprises at least two pluralities of comparators, the first plurality of comparators comparing pairs of reference nodes separated by a first step size, and the second plurality of comparators comparing pairs of reference nodes separated by a second step size. Even more preferably, the comparator array further comprises a third plurality of comparators comparing pairs of reference nodes separated by a third step size, but only where necessary to maximize the available comparison range of the converter. The flash converter according to the invention provides increased gain from input without accumulation of comparator input currents and without sacrificing the number of actual comparisons of reference signals.

Abstract: A differential input flash analog-to-digital converter in which an array of comparators is connected to compare reference signals within a parabolic distribution of such signals generated by the application of a differential input signal across an impedance network. Preferably, the comparator array comprises at least two pluralities of comparators, the first plurality of comparators comparing pairs of reference nodes separated by a first step size, and the second plurality of comparators comparing pairs of reference nodes separated by a second step size. Even more preferably, the comparator array further comprises a third plurality of comparators comparing pairs of reference nodes separated by a third step size, but only where necessary to maximize the available comparison range of the converter. The flash converter according to the invention provides increased gain from input without accumulation of comparator input currents and without sacrificing the number of actual comparisons of reference signals.

Abstract: A system and method for configuring a remote control to command the operation of appliances, to capture demographic data, and to provide services, such as automated warranty registration, instructions, viewing guides, etc., relevant to the appliances is provided. The system includes a database and associated server that are located remotely from the remote control and accessible via a network connection. Command codes, graphical user interface elements, and services are accessed and downloaded to the remote control, as appropriate, using data supplied to the server that identifies the appliances and/or functional capabilities of the appliances. This data can be supplied by the appliances directly or can be obtained from other sources such as barcode labels, network devices, etc.

Abstract: A system for imaging the contents of containers includes an imager arranged to receive millimetre wave radiation from a reception volume through a receive antenna wherein, in use, the container is moving relative to the receive antenna, the reception volume is positioned such that the relative movement causes the reception volume to move through the container; data from the antenna is recorded as the reception volume moves through the container, and an image of the contents of the container is built up from the recorded data. The system is particularly suitable for imaging containers mounted on vehicles. The imager may advantageously be mounted in a portal, allowing convenient and controllable relative positioning of the container, and allowing the relative speed to be controlled or measured easily. The invention allows 3D or pseudo 3D images to be produced to aid identification of container contents. The invention also includes a method for imaging.

Abstract: A system and method for imaging objects obscured by a covering layer of snow. The system preferably utilizes a continuous-wave radar generating short-wavelength radio-frequency (RF) signal beam scanned over angular displacements following a scanning pattern toward a target area. Reflections of the RF signal from objects buried beneath the snow are registered by an array of RF detectors whose signal magnitudes are summed and correlated with scan direction to generate a signal providing spatial object information, which by way of example, is visually displayed. The radio-frequency beam may be scanned over the scene electronically, or by either mechanically or electromechanically modulating antenna direction or the orientation of a beam deflector. The system is capable of generating multiple image frames per second, high-resolution imaging, registration of objects to a depth exceeding two meters, and can be implemented at low cost without complex signal processing hardware.

Abstract: A system and method for detecting a target. The inventive method includes the steps of receiving a complex return signal of an electromagnetic pulse having a real and an imaginary component; extracting from the imaginary component information representative of the phase component of the return signal; and utilizing the phase component to detect the target. Specifically, the phase components are those found from the complex range-Doppler map. More specific embodiments further include the steps of determining a power spectral density of the phase component of the return signal; performing a cross-correlation of power spectral density of the phase component of the return signal between different antenna-subarray (quadrant channels); and averaging the cross-correlated power spectral density of the low frequency components. In an alternative embodiment, the cross-correlation is performed on the phase component of the range-Doppler map directly.

Abstract: The present invention provides a GPS device for measuring the wave height and current direction and speed, which is capable of accurately measuring the wave height (height of the waves) and current direction and speed (tidal current) in any point on the sea, ocean, lake, or marsh, and to a system using such a device. The GPS receiver 2 of the GPS device 1 for measuring the wave height and current direction and speed processes the GPS signals received with the GPS antenna 3 and measures the three-dimensional position of antenna 3. The three-dimensional position data are recorded by the data recording unit 4 connected to the GPS receiver 2. When the floating body 5 having those devices 2-4 installed thereon floats on the sea or ocean, it moves together with the waves and tidal current in the present location.

Abstract: Antenna elements 101-1˜101-2N, provided on a linear line at regular intervals to be parallel to each other, receive signals transmitted from the communicating partner, and output them to receiving beam former 103. In receiving beam former 103, phase shifters 104-1˜104-N phase-shift the received signals input from the antenna elements of an even element number by &pgr;. Combiner 105 adds up the received signals that are phase-shifted by &pgr; in phase shifters 104-1˜104-N and the signals input from the antenna elements of an odd number, and thus so forms a received beam. By this means, it is possible to realize an array antenna apparatus of a small and simple configuration that reduces the radiation of radio waves to the human body and equipment and that is influenced little by the human body and equipment.

Abstract: A phased array antenna design that is modular and scaleable in terms of beam quantity, coverage area, and receive sensitivity/transmit EIRP.

Abstract: An antenna system includes a ground plane, an aperture array of patch radiating elements and a feed structure. The feed structure has a first and second beam forming networks that each couple to selected radiating elements to form first and second antenna arrays. At least one and less than all of the radiating elements are shared by the first and second antenna arrays.

Abstract: There can be provided an LNB converter including a multilayer substrate formed of more than two layers, capable of providing adequate transit characteristic for any frequency, and a multilayer substrate. A microstrip line is provided at one surface layer's pattern and a second layer's pattern cooperating with the surface layer's pattern to sandwich a dielectric layer underlying the surface layer's pattern. A probe is inserted from the surface layer's pattern in a direction intersecting a 4-layer substrate and in at least one pattern layer other than the first and second, pattern layers at least a region surrounding a hole having a probe passing therethrough is either a pattern-free region provided by removing a predetermined region surrounding the hole or an isolated region corresponding to a predetermined region surrounding the hole and electrically isolated from an outer region of the pattern layer.