Abstract: The present invention is a method for acknowledgment of receipt of a message in a network, where the network includes a plurality of nodes. The method includes sending a message from a first node of the plurality of nodes destined for a second node of the plurality of nodes; setting a timer for the first node for receipt of an acknowledgment packet from the second node; determining if a wait acknowledge packet is received by the first node; and resetting the timer if the wait acknowledge packet is received by the first node. The present invention adds a wait acknowledge event to the state in the acknowledgment protocol which waits for an acknowledgement packet from the destination node. The wait acknowledge packet notifies the recipient that the message sent by the originating node has been received and forwarded. As long as the message is being properly forwarded to the next hop, wait acknowledge packets will continue to be sent to the originating node.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for avoiding packet reordering in multiple-class, multiple-priority networks. The present invention provides a queue implementation technique that can be used in multiple-class, multiple-priority networks such as Differentiated Services networks to ensure that packets are serviced without reordering. The queue implementation technique maintains performance isolation between different classes under some scheduling disciplines and can identify scheduling disciplines which do not degrade the performance seen by the lower priority traffic classes.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for storage of memory packets with a high aggregate bandwidth is disclosed. An odd-even memory bank structure effectively doubles the memory available for packet storage. A packet memory arbitration scheme aligns access of devices reading and writing into packet memory allowing full-rate access to the packet memory.

Abstract: For establishing a parent-child relationship between adjacent network nodes interconnected by a transmission medium, a handshaking circuit comprises a state detector for monitoring the transmission medium to detect predetermined first and second states and a contention that occurs when the predetermined first states are simultaneously present. A state machine asserts the first state for initiating a handshaking process and relinquishes this state when a contention is detected. A receive count value is continuously incremented from the instant the contention is detected to the instant the transmission medium changes to an idle state. A transmit count value is continuously incremented from the instant the first state is detected to the instant the contention is detected. When the transmit count value is greater than the receive count value, the state machine asserts the first state again and when the transmit count value is smaller than the receive count value, it asserts the second state.

Abstract: A transmission interface unit in a transmission system wherein time series data is divided into data groups and a data packet comprising reproduction specification time data specifying the time at which each data piece in the data groups should be reproduced, added to the data groups is transmitted on a transmission bus in a time division manner. The reception interface unit has a cycle timer for counting the reference time of the home machine based on the reference time on the transmission bus, a generation section for generating the reproduction specification time data, an addition section for dividing the time series data into data groups, putting into packets, and adding the reproduction specification time data to the data in the packets, and a rewrite section for rewriting the reproduction specification time data.

Abstract: A system for multicasting. The system includes a network comprising nodes and links connecting the nodes. The system includes a mechanism for forming a multicast connection which does not have overlapping branches. A node for an ATM network. The node includes a forming mechanism for forming multicast connections in the network which do not have overlapping branches as parties are added or deleted from the connections. The node includes a port mechanism which connects to the network through which the connections are sent to the network. The forming mechanism is connected to the port mechanism. A method for forming multicast connections. The method includes the steps of forming a first connection between a first node and a second node. Then there is the step of forming a second multicast connection between the first node and a third node by extending the first connection.

Abstract: A novel N×N Crossbar Packet Switch is disclosed, which crossbar switch is based on a distributed port architecture, asynchronous output port arbitration, support of non fixed-size packets (cells), support for virtual channels (VC) and/or priority, and which only requires 2*N*N control lines for the arbitration.

Abstract: A data transfer system capable of effectively performing serial communication by dividing communication lines into one or plural systems and using the divided lines, according to the number of communication IC's connected on the communication line and a load condition connected to the communication IC is provided. In this system, plural communication lines 410 and 411 are prepared, and the lines 410 and 411 are time divisionally selected according to the contents of connection information set in a select register 462, whereby the serial communication between communication IC's 402 to 405 and a communication controller 401 can be effectively performed.

Abstract: A codec selector, and a corresponding method for establishing media channels between a local endpoint and a remote endpoint, are disclosed. The codec selector and method are useful with a media endpoint that is constrained to have matching transmit and receive codecs. The method comprises sending a request to a remote endpoint to open a first transmit channel. Upon receiving a corresponding request from the remote endpoint for its transmit channel, the two requests are compared. If the two requests do not match, the first transmit channel is closed (whether or not it has been acknowledged by the peer). A second transmit channel, compatible with the remote endpoint's request, is then requested. A method for detecting that the remote endpoint is using a similar procedure, and a procedure for synchronizing when both endpoints are constrained, are also disclosed. The present invention reduces call setup time in most instances, and provides reliable channel setup for constrained endpoints.

Abstract: In one embodiment of the present invention, a wireless USB architecture includes a transmitting device and a receiving device. The transmitting device includes a USB port to which a USB peripheral device can be connected, a conversion circuit for translating from USB protocol to RF protocol, and an RF transmitter for transmitting RF signals to the receiving device. The receiving device includes an RF receiver, a conversion circuit for translating from RF protocol to USB protocol, and a USB port which can be connected to the USB port of a computer.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of converting synchronously between a plurality of VC-3 container streams and a plurality of STS-1 synchronous payload envelope streams within the synchronous digital hierarchy. A stream of VC-3 containers is converted to a stream of STS-1 SPEs by reading the VC-3s in a VC-4 container stream, adding redundant byte columns to each VC-3 stream and re-writing said VC-3 streams to an STS-3 synchronous payload envelope stream. Conversely, a plurality of STS-1 synchronous payload envelope streams are converted to a plurality of VC-3 virtual container streams by reading the STS-1 SPE streams from an STS-3C SPE stream; removing redundant stuff byte columns from each STS-1 SPE stream; writing the STS-1 SPE streams to a VC-4 virtual container stream; recalculating pointer positions, writing pointer bytes to the VC-4 stream, and adding a plurality of redundant stuff bytes to the VC-4 container stream.

Abstract: A method and system within a telecommunications network for allocating available bandwidth among a plurality of sessions that share a common data link. First, a repeating unit time interval is designated for conducting the plurality of sessions. Next, the input flow rate from the source node of each of the sessions into the common data link is monitored. Thereafter, a target flow rate is computed and assigned to each of the sessions. The sum of the target flow rates is equal to the available bandwidth of the common data link. Finally, for each of the sessions in which the monitored input flow rate exceeds the assigned target flow rate, the source node is dynamically paused during each repeating unit time interval, such that the monitored input flow rate conforms to the assigned target flow rate for each of the sessions.

Abstract: The method proposed in ITU-I.371.1 for the individualized-connection determination of the currently allowed transmission rate of ATM cells is inventively realized with the assistance of list parameters, whereby the list parameters indicate the plurality of current intermediately stored transmission rates and their size relationship relative to one another. As a result of this, a more efficient utilization of the computer resources of the ATM communication devices is achieved, as is a greater flexibility in view of the processing sequence of the individual method steps.

Abstract: A system and method for reliably delivery of datagram protocol data unit (PDU) packets generated by a network oriented application at a first computing network element to a second computing network element across a network. The method steps include: at the first computing network element, capturing generated datagram packets destined for the second computing network element; determining a size of a payload associated with the datagram and communicating the size of the payload to the second computing element via a reliable connection-oriented transport service; communicating the actual payload to the second computing element via the reliable connection-oriented transport service; and, at the second computing network element, utilizing payload size and payload to reconstruct a datagram PDU including the payload for a network application at the second computing network element. By this technique, reliable datagram PDU transport over the network is ensured.

Abstract: First and second nodes are coupled together by a bus. The first node includes a detecting circuit for detecting the maximum data transfer capability of a connected node, at least two receiving circuits for receiving data from the bus, and a controlling circuit for selecting, based on an output signal from the detecting circuit and for optimizing the configuration of a receiving unit so as to bring the other of the receiving circuits to a stop. The second node includes a transmitting circuit for transmitting data to the bus and a notifying circuit for notifying the first node of its own maximum transfer capability.

Abstract: A controller for residential telephone wiring. Apparatus associated with the controller provides multiple communication channels on ordinary residential telephone wiring. The controller (1) routes incoming calls to a selected telephonic device within the residence, (2) routes outgoing calls to a free external line servicing the residence, and (3) routes calls within the residence from one telephonic device to another.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of synchronizing a reference clock of a first ground station and a local clock of a remote system, in particular a satellite. It includes: a) acquisition in a first loop of synchronization between reference bursts received by the remote system and generated bursts synchronized with the local clock, b) detection of the recognition word of the reference bursts received by the first remote system and generation of a time window containing N pulses of the reference clock, c) acquisition of the average phase of said pulses and comparison with the phase of the local clock, and d) in a second loop, synchronization of the phase of the local clock with said average phase. The method can be reiterated to synchronize a second ground station with the first one via the remote system.

Abstract: A switch device connectable to an ISDN includes a first part which adds a calling ID information element to a first call setup message to be transferred over an ISDN tie line connecting the switch device to another switch device. The calling ID information element includes identification information on a terminal which is connected to the ISDN and makes a call.

Abstract: A picture is treated as an aggregate of plural objects, and the picture data is processed on an object-oriented basis to be multiplexed. A method of multiplexing data comprises the steps of (1) dividing the picture into a plurality of master objects, and identifying themselves as the master objects; (2) dividing the identified master object into smaller slave objects upon request, and identifying themselves as the slave objects, whereby a hierarchy is formed; (3) packetizing one of the identified master object and the identified slave object into a packet, and assigning a packet number to the packet, and (4) adding the hierarchical details as hierarchical information to the multiplexed data. In addition to this method of multiplexing data, a reproducing method of data multiplexed through this method of multiplexing data, and a, data reproducing apparatus using the reproducing method are provided by the present invention.

Abstract: The semiconductor laser has a resonance cavity composed of a gain chip, a Mach-Zehnder wide tuning port, and a wavelength-selective mirror component formed either as a ring resonator or a reflective Fabry-Perot etalon. Optical signals generated by the gain chip propagate through the wide tuning port and into the wavelength-selective mirror component and are then reflected back to the gain chip. The wavelength-selective mirror component is configured to reflect only those optical signals having wavelengths within a set of sharp peaks so that the laser cavity resonates only within the sharp peaks. The wavelength-selective mirror component is heated to adjust internal dimensions to maintain one of the sharp peaks at a selected emission wavelength. As optical signals pass through the wide tuning port, the signals are split between two channels of differing lengths resulting in optical interference.

Abstract: The efficiency of wavelength conversion of laser light can be improved by allowing incident laser light to pass through nonlinear optical crystals a multiple of times. In converting the wavelength of laser light to generate second- and higher harmonic waves, a returning mirror, a polarizer and nonlinear optical crystals are combined and the rotation of polarized light is utilized to allow the incident laser light to undergo multiple passes through the nonlinear optical crystals so that it can be converted in wavelength with higher efficiency.

Abstract: An arrangement for the resonant frequency doubling of multimode laser radiation with resonators is provided, including mirrors and an optically nonlinear material. The arrangement ensures a dispersion-free tuning of the length of a passive resonator, and enables the frequency doubling of a multimode laser, which is resonant simultaneously for all modes of the laser radiation, and which is achieved by pairs of mutually oppositely disposed movable elements of an optically transparent material, such as prisms (P1, P2). The prisms are brought into the beam path of the resonator (R), formed from mirrors (M1 to M4) and optically nonlinear material (BBO). The prisms are movable elements (P1, P2) which are connected to adjusting elements such as piezoactuators, so that the optical length of the resonator (R) can be tuned and compensation for dispersion attained.

Abstract: A slave pulsed laser stabilizes the frequency by using the master laser frequency to stabilize a cavity in the slave pulsed laser. The slave pulsed laser includes an optical modulator, a cavity, a cavity modifier, and an output generator. The cavity includes an end reflector, a laser generator, an optical injector, and an output coupler. The optical modulator receives a continuous wave laser signal that includes a carrier frequency. The optical modulator then modulates the continuous wave laser signal to generate two sidebands around the carrier frequency. The laser generator generates a first laser signal in the cavity. The optical injector then injects the continuous wave laser signal with the first laser signal. The output generator generates an output signal based on the continuous wave laser signal. The cavity modifier then modifies a length of the cavity based on the output signal wherein the cavity is in resonance with the frequency of the continuous wave laser signal.

Abstract: A semiconductor laser enabling a higher output without lowering the performance of the laser such as its reliability, that is, a Fabry-Perot type semiconductor laser having, successively grown on a substrate, a first cladding layer of a first conductivity type, an active layer having at least one quantum well layer and at least two barrier layers, and a second cladding layer of a second conductivity type, a pair of facing end faces of said active layer constituting a resonator, wherein an impurity and holes due to the impurity are diffused in at least one region near the end faces of said active layer, and the quantum well layer and the barrier layers constituting said active layer are made mixed-crystals.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a semiconductor laser chip having a first light-emitting surface which is formed on one end face of the semiconductor laser chip and which outputs a plurality of front beams, and a second light-emitting surface which is formed on an end face opposite to the first light-emitting surface and which outputs a plurality of back beams corresponding to the plurality of front beams. A photodetector is so formed on the semiconductor laser device as to face the second light-emitting surface of the semiconductor laser chip. The photodetector has a plurality of photodetecting portions for independently detecting the plurality of back beams output from the second light-emitting surface. The photodetector is in tight contact with the second light-emitting surface of the semiconductor laser chip.

Abstract: A multimode source, such as a high-power laser diode bar, to pump an Nd3+ doped region defined in a cavity of a monolithic crystal structure. The axial length L1 of the doped region is chosen to optimize energy absorption from the multimode source while minimizing resonant re-absorption loss to unpumped Nd3+ ions. The next proximal cavity length L2 is an undoped region whose length is chosen to optimize the lowest order or fundamental spatial mode (“mode 9”) of the cavity. Advantageously, multi-parameter numerical optimization techniques may be employed in which the parameter set (e.g., doped length, L1, doping concentration, pump beam spot size, micro laser cavity length, and output coupler reflectivity) is varied to determine the overall optimal length L1opt.

Abstract: A spread spectrum code division multiple access communication system has a plurality of traffic channels. A plurality of traffic lights have a red state and a green state. Each traffic light is associated with a traffic channel. The state of each traffic light is based on an availability of that traffic light's associated traffic channel. The base station broadcasts each traffic light over a broadcast channel.

Abstract: A method and device for determining a frame rate of a data fame transmitted over a variable rate communication system. In one embodiment, the present invention receives demodulated soft symbols representing a data frame transmitted at a certain frame rate. The present invention then generates a plurality of decoded bit streams from the demodulated soft symbols, where each of the plurality of decoded bit streams is for testing one of a plurality of rate hypotheses for the frame rate of the data frame. The present invention next re-encodes each of the plurality of decoded bit streams to generate a plurality of re-encoded bit streams, each of which corresponds to a plurality of decoded bit streams.

Abstract: The present invention is a method and apparatus for reducing transmission errors by a user equipment (UE) when transmitting a communication signal. An RF communication signal is received at the UE and analyzed for errors. A correction signal is then generated based upon the analysis. Prior to transmission of the communication signal from the UE, the communication signal is corrected using the correction signal.

Abstract: The present invention is for a receiver incorporated into User Equipment (UE) or base stations of a code division multiple access (CDMA) communication system. The UE and base station are in communication with one of the plurality of base stations and receives a communication signal through the receiver. The communication signal is correlated using a delay locked code tracking loop, that estimates and tracks a channel delay. The tracking loop comprises a reference code generator and an interpolator for generating timed signal versions in response to said communication. A timed signal correlator, included in the tracking loop for correlating at least two of the timed signal versions with the code reference signal. The result of the correlation is used for generating an error signal. An automatic power normalization loop (APN), that is responsive to the interpolator, generates a power error signal that normalizes the error signal through a normalization circuit.

Abstract: A method of discovering characteristics of a PCM channel between a first PCM modem and a second PCM modem, comprising the steps of creating a PCM representation of a probing tone ensemble, where the probing tone ensemble comprises one or more tones, transmitting the PCM representation of the probing tone ensemble from the first PCM modem to the second PCM modem, receiving the PCM representation of the probing tone ensemble by the second PCM modem; and, processing the PCM representation of the probing tone ensemble to determine characteristics of the PCM channel.

Abstract: A pulse code analyzer for analyzing data transmitted by transmitter/receivers on a transmission facility interconnecting the transmitter/receivers. The analyzer apparatus has a data converter with a reference and an auxiliary channel for receiving the data and clock apparatus for recovering a clock signal from the data and generating variable time delayed subtone clock signals to the data converter reference and auxiliary channels. Processor apparatus coupled to the data converter and clock means controls a time delay between the subtone clock signals and the voltage level of data received by the channels to detect errors occurring in the received data and records the detected errors in counter apparatus coupled to the data converter channels and clock apparatus. The processor apparatus records a three dimensional matrix of the recorded errors determining a probability predicting the data errors.

Abstract: A blind channel equalizer for deciding a blind coefficient of a channel equalizer for use in a digital television signal processor. The blind channel equalizer in a vestigial sideband (VSB) receiving system includes a comparator for determining a boundary level value according to the distribution of occurrence probabilities of VSB symbol levels and comparing the determined boundary level value with a received symbol, a blind decision coefficient allocator for allocating one of three blind coefficients according to an output result of the comparator, and a subtracter for performing subtraction with respect to the received symbol and an output of the blind decision coefficient allocator to provide a blind error. Inverse transformation is not necessary during the blind channel equalization, thereby simplifying the hardware structure. In addition, National Television System Committee (NTSC) interference signals can be prevented so that the performance of channel equalization can be improved.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes: a transmitting section; and a receiving section, wherein the transmitting section and the receiving section are connected to each other through a bus, the transmitting section includes an encoding section for encoding data including a plurality of bits to produce bit-position information which indicates a position of at least one bit selected from the plurality of bits included in the data, and an output section for outputting the bit-position information onto the bus, and the receiving section includes an input section for receiving the bit-position information from the bus, and a decoding section for decoding the bit-position information to produce the data.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing memory and memory bandwidth requirements in an MPEG-like decoder by preferentially allocating, in a first mode of operation, memory to an anchor frame storage functions and re-allocating, in a second mode of operation, some of the allocated memory to another function. The reduction image quality cause by the reduction in anchor frame memory is somewhat offset by a frequency domain CODE used in conjunction with the anchor frame memory in the second mode of operation.

Abstract: According to an embodiment of the present invention, a method is presented for controlling a video image compression system. In this method a video frame of raw video image data is compressed using a processor. Then it is determined whether the processor is limited in its ability to compress video image data. Then, a target frame rate is adjusted based on a current amount of time taken to compress said video frame of raw video image data.

Abstract: A system includes a processor and a memory. The memory stores a program to cause the processor to decompose a first frame of a video into a first set of frequency subbands. The first frame includes a first subimage. The program causes the processor to decompose a second frame of the video into a second set of frequency subbands and selectively compare portions of the first and second frequency subbands to locate a second subimage of the second frame. The second subimage is substantially identical to the first subimage.

Abstract: In partitioning and encoding an image into multiple regions, the degree of freedom of the region shape has generally been low and setting regions based on image features was difficult. A moving image encoding apparatus includes a region partitioning section, an encoder, and a memory for motion-compensated prediction. The region partitioning section includes a partitioning processing section and a integration processing section. The partitioning processing section partitions the input image based on a criterion relating to the state of partition. The integration processing section integrates mutually close regions based on a criterion relating to the state of integration. Thereafter, each region is encoded. A large variety of region shapes can be produced by the integration processing section.

Abstract: A method for measuring motion at a horizontal and vertical position between video fields of opposite parity comprising the steps of measuring the signal values of at least two vertically adjacent pixels from a video field of one parity and at least two vertically adjacent pixels from a video field of the opposite parity such that when taken together, the pixels represent contiguous samples of an image at said horizontal and vertical position, and determining whether the signal value of any of the pixels lies between the signal values of adjacent pixels in the field of opposite parity and in response outputting a zero motion value, otherwise, outputting a motion value equal to the lowest absolute difference between any of the pixels and its closest adjacent pixel in the field of opposite parity.

Abstract: A digital circuit for compressing video data generated by a missile's seeker. The digital circuit includes a frame controller and a video compression engine. The frame controller generates each frame of data with each frame of data having eight subframes of one thousand eight bit words. The compression engine receives approximately sixty four scans of video data with each scan having 4000 samples of video data. The compression engine receives the first scan of video data from the missile's seeker and then writes the scan of video data to an external memory which is a static RAM. The compression engine adds each successive scan of video data to the previous scans to provide a total scan value for each sample of video data. The compression engine obtains an average value for each sample of video data by performing a binary shift. The compression engine also provides a peak value for each of the 4000 samples of video data.

Abstract: A highly modular PACS-based system that combines the advantages of Optical Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and Personal Access Communication System (PACS) with Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) technology. The system is arranged to support high-speed (higher than the 32 kbps of PACS) wireless access services to fixed and mobile users. For example, nominal user data rates of 32-to-356 kbps are attainable, and ever the higher speed of 768 kbps is possible for short ranges.

Abstract: A circuit performs threshold normalization of accumulated transition probabilities for a given state of a state transition trellis in a maximum likelihood detector. Threshold normalization may be accomplished by comparison and setting of a single bit in stored transition probabilities. Threshold value comparison may be accomplished by comparing the bth bit of the stored transition probabilities if the threshold value is 2b. When all transition probabilities exceed the threshold value at a stage of the trellis, the transition probabilities are scaled, such as by subtracting the threshold value. Scaling may be implemented by setting the compared bth bits to zero before storage. In general, since accumulated transition probabilities are monotonically increasing for transition probabilities of paths through the trellis in both forward and reverse directions, the present invention may be employed for both threshold normalization of both the forward (&agr;) and reverse (&bgr;) transition probabilities.

Abstract: A pilot phase tracking loop for an OFDM receiver including a phase rotator receiving an incoming signal, a fast Fourier transform coupled to a phase rotator output, and a pilot phase error metric including a discrete Fourier transform portion coupled to the phase rotator output. The pilot phase error metric determines a phase error estimate associated with a received OFDM symbol, e.g., a data symbol, from the phase rotator output. A loop filter is coupled to the pilot phase error metric output and an oscillator is coupled to the loop filter output. The oscillator output is coupled to the phase rotator to adjust the phase of subsequent OFDM symbols of the incoming signal. Phase noise introduced by a radio portion of the OFDM receiver and OFDM transmitter is reduced by the baseband portion of the OFDM receiver improving OFDM signal tracking under poor SNR conditions.

Abstract: Doppler shift compensation by interpolation of a new sample between successively received signal samples using stored values of an interpolation function. The interpolation function has a non-zero amplitude in an argument range symmetrical about zero argument and zero amplitude outside the range. The time location of a new sample is shifted relative to a pair of received signal samples by an amount corresponding to a Doppler shift. The amplitude of the new sample is computed at a new sample index by combining the pair of received signal samples with corresponding samples of the interpolation function, each corresponding sample of the interpolation function being that sample whose argument is a difference between a corresponding one of the first and second indices and the new sample index. Due to the symmetry properties of the interpolation function, this operation requires as little as two multiply operations and one add operation for each new sample.

Abstract: A signal path, such as receiver signal path of a mobile station, includes an analog to digital converter (ADC) for representing an input signal as n-bits, the n-bit representation including a DC offset component. The signal path also includes a summing node having a first input for inputting the n-bit output of the ADC and a second input for inputting a k-bit representation of a DC offset component compensation value, where k=n+m, where m is a number of bits that represent a value smaller than one least significant bit (LSB) of said n-bit representation. The summing node operates to subtract the value appearing at the second input from the value appearing at the first input, and outputs a k-bit DC offset compensated value.

Abstract: A method and device for counting the number of consecutive data symbols in a stream of data bytes, the device comprising a main counter for maintaining a count which is incremented/decremented for each respective consecutive data byte of said stream and adjustment means for incrementing/decrementing the count of the main counter, after every occurrence of a predetermined number of consecutive data bytes, by an adjustment value determined according to the ratio of the number of bits in the bytes to the number of bits in the symbols, such that the count represents a count of data symbols and a method and device for generating a synchronization signal from a received MPEG data stream with a MAC message containing an Upstream Slot Marker Pointer, the device including the above counting device, a controller for starting main counter according to a received MPEG synchronization signal and synchronization means for generating the synchronization signal once the main counter has counted the number of symbols indicate

Abstract: In a data receiver, pulse edges are sequentially detected from the pulse string. If a pulse which has a width equal to two cycles of the reference clock signals is detected, bit data ‘1’ is restored. If two consecutive pulses each of which has a width equal to one cycle are detected, bit data ‘0’ is restored. If a pulse width between two consecutive pulse edges is not equal to one cycle or two cycles, it is presumed that a pulse edge of an erroneous pulse is detected. If the pulse width between the pulse edge, which is presumed to correspond to the erroneous pulse, and the next pulse edge is equal to or shorter than a predetermined threshold Th, the pulse edge and the next pulse edge is invalidated.

Abstract: A system for synchronizing a clock includes a phase-locked loop (PLL) circuit that generates or receives (304) timing errors that are based on timing information from multiple timing sources. Gain blocks (214) weight (306) the timing errors, which are then combined (308) into a loop time error. A loop integrator (226) integrates (310) the loop time error to produce an input used to adjust (312) an oscillator frequency. A corresponding oscillator clock signal is fed back (240) to one or more phase detectors (206), which receive (302) timing reference signals and generate timing errors. When a timing errors indicates that a problem exists with a timing source, the impact of the problematic timing source is reduced (430, 504), or oscillator frequency adjustments are suspended (608). When used on a satellite (700), at least one of the timing errors can be based on times of transmit and times of arrival of time messages exchanged between the satellite and its neighbors (716).

Abstract: A reactor power output measurement device measuring a neutron flux with a traversing incore probe (TIP) traversing in a vertical direction in a core of a reactor, and calibrating a detection sensitivity of a local power range monitor based on a measured neutron flux distribution in the axial direction inside the reactor, which is provided with an integrated control device 9 for transmitting control data to all of TIP drive control devices 13a through 13e and performing control/monitor of all of detector drive systems 17a through 17e.

Abstract: A jet pump for a nuclear reactor includes a riser and an inlet mixer having a set of nozzles and a mixing section for receiving coolant flow from the nozzles and suction flow from an annular space between the reactor vessel and the shroud core. To minimize or eliminate electrostatic deposition of charged particulates carried by the coolant on interior wall surface of the inlet-mixer of the jet pump, and also to inhibit stress corrosion cracking, the interior wall surfaces of the nozzles and mixing section are coated with a ceramic oxide such as TiO2 and Ta2O5 to thicknesses of about 0.5-1.5 microns.