Abstract: An industrially realistic process for upgrading of titaniferous materials is disclosed. The process comprises the following steps: (i) a pretreatment which has the effect of rendering silica amenable to leaching under the particular conditions of a subsequent leach, and (ii) an aqueous leach in the presence of an acid, the conditions of which are chosen such that silica which enters solution is not hydrolysed or precipitated as a silicate. The pretreatment step (i) may comprise alkaline leaching, roasting or smelting. The leaching step (ii) may be conducted at low solids densities.

Abstract: A method for removing mercury from a combustion gas in an exhaust gas system has the steps of providing a mercury sorbent; injecting the mercury sorbent into a stream of the mercury-containing combustion gas to enable mercury to adsorb onto the sorbent; and collecting and removing the sorbent from the combustion gas stream. The mercury sorbent is prepared by treating a carbonaceous substrate with an ozone-containing gas to increase the ability of the substrate to adsorb mercury. Concrete compositions with fly ash containing the mercury sorbents will have reduced interference with air-entraining-admixtures.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new crystalline zeolite SSZ-50 prepared using a quaternary ammonium cation templating agent having the structure 1

Abstract: The present invention relates to sulfur tolerant catalyst composites useful for reducing contaminants in exhaust gas streams, especially gaseous streams containing sulfur oxide contaminants. More specifically, the present invention is concerned with improved NOx trap catalysts for use in diesel engines as well as lean burn gasoline engines. The sulfur tolerant NOx trap catalyst composites comprise a platinum component, a support, and a NOx sorbent component prepared by hydrothermal synthesis. The NOx sorbent component comprises a first metal oxide and a second metal oxide. The metal in the first metal oxide is selected from the group consisting of aluminum, titanium, zirconium, silicon, and composites thereof, and the metal in the second metal oxide is selected from the group consisting of Group IIA metals, Group III metals, Group IV metals, rare earth metals, and transition metals. The metal in the first metal oxide is different from the metal in the second metal oxide.

Abstract: A method for removing fluorine gas from a selected environment comprises contacting the fluorine gas with water to generate a solution of hydrofluoric acid and contacting the solution of hydrofluoric acid with an ion exchange resin having an active state operative to exchange selected ions therein for fluoride ions in the solution. The apparatus (200) may include a dual resin setup (222, 223) such that one of the ion-exchange resin can be in the service cycle while the other of the ion-exchange resins undergoes the regeneration and rinse/refill cycles.

Abstract: A high activity catalyst is obtained by oxidizing and modifying the surface of zinc sulfide by hydrogen peroxide. An oxidation treatment is carried out in basic aqueous solution. The high activity photocatalyst is added to the basic aqueous solution in which hydrogen sulfide is dissolved to recover hydrogen and sulfur under low energy. Thus, the inexpensive high activity photocatalyst having a high catalytic activity and a long duration of life is realized and hydrogen gas is efficiently generated under little energy.

Abstract: A method for oxidizing carbon adsorbable organic compounds in a controlled manner within a bed of activated carbon. The bed of activated carbon is exposed to a source of molecular oxygen, such as air, and is controlled within a temperature range whereby the molecular oxygen is slowly oxidizing the activated carbon. Under this controlled set of conditions, the activated carbon will oxidize organic compounds present within the bed of activated carbon. This technique has widespread versatility for the controlled destruction of organic vapors and liquids by activated carbon and applications for the regeneration of spent activated carbons containing previously adsorbed organic compounds.

Abstract: In a process for the recovery of krypton and xenon, an oxygen-enriched stream containing krypton and/or xenon and hydrocarbons is removed from an air separation unit. A substantial portion of the hydrocarbons, especially methane, ethane, and acetylene, is removed from the oxygen-enriched stream prior to the distillation process. The hydrocarbon removal process includes, but is not restricted to, the hydrocarbons reacting with a portion of the oxygen present in the feed gas. The krypton and xenon are eventually recovered from the oxygen stream through a distillation process. The distillation process is performed in such a manner that at least a stream further enriched in both krypton and xenon is produced.

Abstract: In a method and apparatus for processing materials comprising ashes from waste incineration plants and mineral residues to condition them in a short time by washing them and by subjecting them to electrodynamic processes and shock waves generated by high voltage spark discharges, the material is made chemically inert and aged so that it can be used immediately after treatment without harming the environment.

Abstract: Mesoporous metal carbonate structures are formed by providing a solution containing a non-ionic surfactant and a calcium acetate salt, adding sufficient base to react with the acidic byproducts to be formed by the addition of carbon dioxide, and adding carbon dioxide, thereby forming a mesoporous metal carbonate structure containing the metal from said metal salt.

Abstract: Positive electrode-active materials for use in lithium-ion and lithium-ion polymer batteries contain quaternary composite oxides of manganese, nickel, cobalt and aluminum where one of the four is present at levels of over 70 mol percent. The composite oxides can be lithiated to form positive electrode-active materials that are stable over at least ten charge/discharge cycles at voltage levels over 4.8 volts, and have capacities of over 200 mAh/g. Methods for producing the materials and electrochemical cells and batteries that include the materials are also provided.

Abstract: Niobate-based octahedral molecular sieves having significant activity for multivalent cations and a method for synthesizing such sieves are disclosed. The sieves have a net negatively charged octahedral framework, comprising niobium, oxygen, and octahedrally coordinated lower valence transition metals. The framework can be charge balanced by the occluded alkali cation from the synthesis method. The alkali cation can be exchanged for other contaminant metal ions. The ion-exchanged niobate-based octahedral molecular sieve can be backexchanged in acidic solutions to yield a solution concentrated in the contaminant metal. Alternatively, the ion-exchanged niobate-based octahedral molecular sieve can be thermally converted to a durable perovskite phase waste form.

Abstract: Nanoscale, pyrogenically produced oxides and/or mixed oxides having a BET surface area of between 1 m2/g and 600 m2/g and a chloride content of less than 0.05 wt. % are produced by converting organometallic and/or organometalloid substances into the oxides at temperatures of above 200° C. The oxides may be used as a polishing agent in the electronics industry (CMP).

Abstract: The present invention provides a potentially economically viable process for the efficient microwave catalysis production of hydrogen involving a modified steam-reforming reaction using light hydrocarbons or light alcohols as the basic reactant with potentially supplementary oxygen to increase the efficiency. Such hydrogen-rich gas is potentially an economical fuel for fuel cells.

Abstract: A method of evaluating the effects of administering an external stimuli or treatment such as a psychoactive compound, a drug, or an environmental influence like temperature, noise, vibration, light and similar sensory-perceived influences, on a subject's brain using imaging techniques with position emission tomography (PET). The method measures cerebral metabolism before and after administering the external stimuli or treatment, and employs a behavioral clamp to control behavioral influences on the subject's brain after administration of the external stimuli or treatment.

Abstract: Processes for the preparation, prepared solutions, and the use of radium-223 for the treatment of calcified tumors, bone tumors, treatment of bones, bone surfaces and soft tissues is described.

Abstract: Improved metal complex-containing pharmaceutical agents are described which, as an additive, contain one or more complexing agents and/or one or more weak metal complex(es) or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a colloidal dispersion of amine-terminated silica particles having a narrowly controlled size range in an aqueous phase for use in diagnostic imaging, drug delivery and gene therapy, as well as methods for preparing surface-modified silica particles suitable for use in an aqueous colloidal carrier medium, for preparing a diagnostic or therapeutic agent for targeted delivery to specific anatomical structures of a patient, and for performing a diagnostic or therapeutic procedure by administration to a patient of at least one diagnostic or therapeutic agent coupled with a colloidal dispersion.

Abstract: Disclosed is a medical device (5) and more particularly, an implantable biomaterial. The biomaterial comprises a radiopaque (22) collagenous biomaterial (10).

Abstract: Combinations of diterpenoid triepoxides and anti-proliferative agents are used in a combination therapy to treat hyperproliferative disorders. Anti-proliferative agents of interest include agents active in killing tumor cells, as well as immunosuppressants, and a variety of other agents that reduce cellular proliferation in targeted tissues. Synergistic combinations provide for comparable or improved therapeutic effects, while lowering adverse side effects.

Abstract: An IV contrast medium containing a foamed preparation based on an aqueous solution of polyoxyethylene-660-12-hydroxystearate and an anionic phospholipid, and a method for producing the contrast medium, and to its use as a diagnostic reagent in imaging procedures.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are agents for enhancing the contrast in an ultrasound image. These agents are extremely small bubbles, or “microbubbles,” comprised of specially selected gases. The microbubbles described herein exhibit long life spans in solution and may be produced at a size small enough to traverse the lungs, thus enabling improved ultrasound imaging of the cardiovascular system and other vital organs. Also disclosed herein is a method for selecting gases from which contrast agents may be produced. The method is based on calculations using inherent physical properties of gases and describes a means to associate the properties of a gas with the time for dissolution of microbubbles comprised of the gas.

Abstract: The invention provides embolic particles, agents and compositions, suitable for effectuating embolization or occlusion of a vessel or a duct, which particles, agents and compositions are visible under ultrasound. Particularly, the embolic particles, agents and compositions comprise gas or microbubbles of gas such that the embolic particles, agents and compositions are visible under ultrasound. The invention further provides for methods of treatment of diseases such as cancer. The invention further provides for methods of embolization and detection of embolic occlusion using the embolic particle, agents, and compositions of the invention.

Abstract: The invention relates to conjugates that consist of macrocyclic metal complexes with biomolecules and their production. The conjugates are suitable as contrast media in NMR diagnosis and radiodiagnosis as well as as agents for radiotherapy. High relaxivity is achieved by a special liganding of macrocyclic compounds, and a fine-tuning of the relaxivity is made possible.

Abstract: A therapeutic composition is provided that comprises a 1-R1-phenyl, 4-R2-phenyl substituted 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrimidine-2-one cold receptor agonist in a therapeutically effective amount. The cold receptor agonist may be represented by the general formula 1-[R1-phenyl]-4-[R2-phenyl]-1,2,3,6 -tetrahydropyrimidine-2-one wherein: R1 is -hydroxy, -chloro, -fluoro, -alkyl, -acetoxy, -trifluoromethyl; and R2 is -nitro, -chloro, -fluoro, -alkyl, -trifluoromethyl. Therapeutic compositions of the invention when formulated for delivery to the mucous membranes of the nose and throat alleviate the sensations of airway obstruction and provide symptomatic relief of upper airway breathing disorders.

Abstract: A therapeutic composition of lorazepam and its pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives are provided for intranasal administration of at least one predetermined volumetric unit dose in the form of a spray by means that delivers one or more therapeutically prescribed unit doses that are highly accurate as to the volume discharged and which leave no significant quantity of the composition in the delivery means.

Abstract: Immune response modifier compounds—imidazoquinoline amines, imidazopyridine amines, 6,7-fused cycloalkylimidazopyridine amines, and 1,2-bridged imidazoquinoline amines—are useful for the treatment of TH2 mediated diseases by administering a therapeutically effective amount of such compounds in order to inhibit TH2 immune response, suppress IL-4/IL-5 cytokine induction and eosinophilia, as well as enhance TH1 immune response.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the delivery of antidepressants through an inhalation route. Specifically, it relates to aerosols containing an antidepressant that are used in inhalation therapy. In a composition aspect of the present invention, the aerosol comprises particles comprising at least 5 percent by weight of an antidepressant. In a method aspect of the present invention, an antidepressant is delivered to a mammal through an inhalation route. The method comprises: a) heating a composition, wherein the composition comprises at least 5 percent by weight of an antidepressant to form a vapor; and, b) allowing the vapor to cool, thereby forming a condensation aerosol comprising particles, which is inhaled by the mammal.

Abstract: A composition for use in an aerosol inhaler, the composition comprising an active material, a propellant containing a hydrofluoroalkane (HFA), a cosolvent and further comprising a low volatility component to increase the mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of the aerosol particles on actuation of the inhaler, filling of an aerosol container and use of the composition for the administration of active materials by inhalation.

Abstract: The invention relates to hair compositions comprising, in a cosmetically acceptable medium, a polycondensate comprising at least one polyurethane and/or polyurea unit and a silicone comprising at least one carboxylic function. The invention is also directed towards a process for shaping or maintaining the hairstyle, comprising the use of these compositions, and to their use for the manufacture of hair products, in order to maintain or shape the hairstyle.

Abstract: The present invention is a method and apparatus for spraying makeup that masks imperfections in the skin including, but not limited to, freckles, tattoos, birthmarks, scars and post-laser surgery discoloration. The apparatus of the present invention is a hand-held sprayable cosmetic container containing a cosmetic composition that may be a foundation, a shimmer, a bronzer, a glitter, a self-tanning composition, a moisturizer, a toner, a lip color, an eyebrow color, a cheek color and/or an eye color. The apparatus may also be designed to deliver drugs (both prescription and over the counter medicines), deliver vitamins or other skin care compositions, to protect the skin from the sun, treat the skin after exposure to the sun, and/or provide an aromatherapy treatment.

Abstract: A therapeutic composition is provided that comprises a 1-R1-phenyl, 4-R2-phenyl substituted 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrimidine-2-one sensory nerve receptor agonist in a therapeutically effective amount. The sensory nerve receptor agonist may be represented by the general formula 1-[R1-phenyl]-4-[R2-phenyl]-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrimidine-2-one wherein: R1 may be -hydroxy, -chloro, -fluoro, -alkyl, -acetoxy, -trifluoromethyl ; and R2 is -nitro, -chloro, -fluoro, -alkyl, -trifluoromethyl. Therapeutic compositions of the invention reduce pain, a sense of abdominal distension, tenesmus, and abnormal bowel function when formulated for oral delivery to human gastrointestinal tract and are useful to alleviate gastrointestinal dysfunction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to promoting whole body health in humans and animals by using topical oral compositions comprising an antimicrobial agent, in particular stannous salts, such as stannous fluoride and stannous chloride in combination with a polymeric mineral surface active agent such as condensed polyphosphates or polyphosphonates. In addition to providing a spectrum of intraoral benefits, topical administration of the present compositions to the oral cavity surprisingly provides benefits to systemic health. In particular, the present invention relates to methods of using the present topical oral compositions to reduce the risk in development of cardiovascular disease, stroke, atherosclerosis, diabetes, severe respiratory infections, premature births and low birth weight, post-partum dysfunction in neurologic and developmental functions, and associated increased risk of mortality.

Abstract: A two component composition comprises an anchor enzyme complex to degrade biofilm structures and a second anchor enzyme component having the capability to act directly upon the bacteria for a bactericidal effect.

Abstract: Oral hygiene compositions comprising chlorhexidine are described for treating halitosis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hair bleach product containing a pigment or lake to provide a visual indication of where the bleach product was applied to the hair.

Abstract: A substantially dry composition, especially for personal care products is provided which includes a colorant activatable in water to release a visual color, and an oil-soluble carrier. The colorant is insoluble in the carrier and the visual color is not imparted to the composition in its substantially dry state. Addition of water to the composition activates a color change which renders the visual color perceivable by a consumer. Color changes can be associated as a signal of performance by a consumer.

Abstract: Topical compositions for treating hair are presented. The compositions comprise functionalized silicones having defined physicochemical properties that exhibit superior conditioning duability on hair than previously known silicone based conditioners, especially where the hair has been previously damaged through chemical treatments, such as occurs during permanent dyeing, bleaching and permanent waving.

Abstract: Cosmetic or personal care compositions comprise from 0.01% to 10% by weight of a hair styling polymer comprising one or more hydrophobic groups, from 0.001% to 10% by weight of an optionally substituted cyclodextrin and a cosmetically acceptable diluent or carrier. The cyclodextrin complexes with the hydrophobic groups to increase the solubility of the hair styling polymer in the composition. The cyclodextrin thus allows the formulation of compositions with relatively higher water contents.

Abstract: A phospholipidic composition with an L-&agr;-glycerophosphatidyl-choline concentration of at least 10% by weight is described, where said composition is granular also contains, in addition to L-&agr;-glycerophosphatidylcholine, at least one granulation aid selected from the group consisting of a monophosphate, diphosphate or triphosphate of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal or a mixture thereof.

Abstract: An antimicrobial composition comprising at least one aliphatic antimicrobially effective C6 to C10 fatty acid and at least one coupling agent and a vicocity modifying agent. The composition finds utility for use in teat dips and skin sanitizing and or cleaning.

Abstract: Disclosed are hair care compositions including a polyalkyleneglycol(n)alkylamine of the formula (I and II), or mixtures thereof, wherein each R is independently a saturated, unsaturated, straight or branched alkyl group having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, R′ is a saturated, unsaturated, straight or branched alkyl group having from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, each m is 2 or 3, each n is 2 or 3, each x and each y are independently a number of 1 or more wherein the sum of each x and each y is from about 3 to about 9; and wherein X—is any safe and suitable salt forming anion selected from the group consisting of chloride, bromide, iodide, acetate, citrate, lactate, glycolate, phosphate, nitrate, sulfonate, sulfate, alkylsulfate, alkyl sulfonate, glutamate, aspartate, and mixtures thereof; and wherein the melting point of the polyalkyleneglycol(n)alkylamine is less than about 45° C.

Abstract: An embalming fluid is provided which comprises a pseudoplasticising vegetable based, water-soluble polymer and a non-toxic disinfectant and which is essentially free from aldehyde. The preferred disinfectant is an iodine-based disinfectant, polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine being particularly preferred.

Abstract: A method for overcoming mild to moderate immune suppression includes the steps of inducing production of naïve T-cells and restoring T-cell immunity. A method of vaccine immunotherapy includes the steps of inducing production of naïve T-cells and exposing the naïve T-cells to endogenous or exogenous antigens at an appropriate site. Additionally, a method for unblocking immunization at a regional lymph node includes the steps of promoting differentiation and maturation of immature dendritic cells at a regional lymph node and allowing presentation of processed peptides by resulting mature dendritic cells, thus, for example, exposing tumor peptides to T-cells to gain immunization of the T-cells. Further, a method of treating cancer and other persistent lesions includes the steps of administering an effective amount of a natural cytokine mixture as an adjuvant to endogenous or exogenous administered antigen to the cancer or other persistent lesions.

Abstract: The invention provides vectors comprising nucleic acid molecules that encode polypeptides capable of binding immune suppressive factors for the immunotherapy of cancer.

Abstract: The present invention concerns methods and reagents useful in modulating hepatitis B virus (HBV) gene expression in a variety of applications, including use in therapeutic, diagnostic, target validation, and genomic discovery applications. Specifically, the invention relates to short interfering nucleic acid (siNA) or short interfering RNA (siRNA) molecules capable of mediating RNA interference (RNAi) against against hepatitis B virus (HBV).

Abstract: The present invention provides an HSV having a genome with a mutation of a TAATGARAT sequence such that, in the presence of a ICP4 gene product, a native immediate early gene is expressed from the genome with delayed kinetics, the genome having a further inactivating mutation of each of the genes encoding ICP4.

Abstract: The use of recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) virions for delivery of DNA molecules to muscle cells and tissue in the treatment of anemia is disclosed. The invention allows for the direct, in vivo injection of recombinant AAV virions into muscle tissue, e.g., by intramuscular injection, as well as for the in vitro transduction of muscle cells which can subsequently be introduced into a subject for treatment. The invention provides for sustained, high-level expression of a delivered nucleotide sequence encoding erythropoietin, and for in vivo secretion thereof from transduced muscle cells such that systemic delivery is achieved.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and compositions useful in the recruitment, activation and initiation of proliferation of immune cells. The instant invention relates to the discovery that specific insect cells and insect cell compositions exhibit adjuvant properties. The added benefit of this system is that the insect cells utilized may be transformed with an expression system and thus proteins may be introduced into the composition through direct protein expression by the cells. The claimed compositions and methods are particularly relevant in anti-tumor and cancer therapy. Of specific interest is the ability of the compositions of the invention to elicit a response that controls not only the primary tumor but also any metastatic cells or metastatic tumors which subsequently arise.

Abstract: This invention concerns new configurations for biological switches and provides new methods and materials useful for regulating biological events in animal cells. The invention involves recombinant DNA constructs comprising DNA sequences derived from sequences encoding the proteins FRAP, Tor1, Tor2 and other proteins capable of binding to FKBP:rapamycin, other recombinant DNA constructs comprising DNA sequences encoding part or all of an FKBP protein, the proteins encoded by those constructs, cells (especially animal cells) transformed with one or more of the constructs, small molecules (multivalent multimerizing agents) which bind to and are capable of inducing multimerization of the chimeric proteins, and methods for preparing and using the foregoing, including methods involving the intramuscular delivery of such recombinant DNA constructs in AAV virus particles.