Abstract: A pet nail cover has a sack portion that is shaped and dimensioned so as to cover at least the main toe and nail of the animal and extends into a groove between the toe's small flesh pad and a large flesh pad on the bottom of the animal's foot, thereby leaving the large flesh pad exposed, allowing for the animal's traction, mobility and comfort. The pet nail cover eliminates scratches on wooden floor surfaces made by a pet's nails, scratching or scarring on the eyes and ears of the animal, and allows the animal to run with traction and mobility on indoor floor surfaces without slipping. It is attached to the animal with a fastener portion secured around the ankle portion of the animal's leg. It may also have ventilation holes in the nail cover surface for comfort.

Abstract: A pet accessory is provided which allows for easy disassembly or removal of a collar without requiring the user to detach identification tags or the like from the collar. The collar comprises a first portion and a second portion which are releasably attached to each other to form a loop to pass around a pet's neck. The first portion preferably provides means for adjusting the overall length of the accessory. The second portion preferably provides means for attaching identification tags, vaccination tags, and the like.

Abstract: An air separation unit separates air into an oxygen-rich and oxygen-deficient gas. Fuel gas and the oxygen-rich gas are preheated at heat exchangers through which hot flue gas flows. Combustion of the preheated fuel and oxygen-rich gases result in the hot flue gas. The hot flue gas is cooled at the heat exchangers and flows through a waste heat boiler. Water and/or steam flowing through the waste heat boiler absorbs energy from the cooled flue gas thereby producing heated steam. The heated steam flows through a turbine to produce power. The power is transferred to the air separation unit, thus reducing a power requirement of the air separation unit needed to separate the air.

Abstract: A vaporizer includes a pump for pumping liquid stored in a liquid store tank, a helical vaporizing tube, and a control system connected to two ends of the vaporizing tube for functioning to make the vaporizing tube produce high temperature so as to heat up swiftly liquid flowing through the helical vaporizing tube and finally vaporize liquid at the outlet end of the vaporizing tube, with the liquid in the helical vaporizing tube never reversely flowing back to the pump owing to low temperature of liquid at the inlet end of the helical vaporizing tube.

Abstract: An air port or smelt spout cleaning tip presents a wider cleaning area configuration on an insertion phase, and on retraction, the tip collapses to provide a smaller size to prevent against hanging up on adjacent structures.

Abstract: A water-cooled type engine cooling apparatus includes: an oil cooler that circulates cooling water flowing out of a water-cooled type engine; a water temperature detection unit that detects temperature of the cooling water; a switching unit that switches the oil cooler from an operating state to a halt state, and vice versa; and a switching control unit that controls switching of the switching unit. The switching control unit controls the switching unit to switch the oil cooler into the halt state when the temperature detected by the water temperature detection unit is lower than a preset temperature, and controls the switching unit to switch the oil cooler into the operating state when the temperature detected by the water temperature detection unit is not lower than the preset temperature.

Abstract: A portable, manually-guided implement, such as a cut-off machine, is provided and has an internal combustion engine, a cylinder of which has a combustion chamber with an exhaust gas outlet. The combustion chamber is delimited by a piston that, via a connecting rod, drives a crankshaft that is rotatably mounted in a crankcase. Disposed on both sides of a central plane of the cylinder are transfer channels that respectively connect the crankcase with the combustion chamber. The first end of a transfer channel is connected via an inlet window with the combustion chamber, while the second end of the transfer channel is open toward the crankcase. The transfer channels are connected with an air duct that, via a control member, supplies essentially fuel-free combustion air from an air filter. A duct section of the air duct is formed in a housing wall that is disposed between the carburetor and the cylinder of the engine.

Abstract: A two-cycle engine, especially for a portable, manually-guided implement such as a chain saw, cut-off machine or the like is provided. The engine has a cylinder in which is formed a combustion chamber that is delimited by a reciprocating piston. An inlet opens into the cylinder for supplying fuel/air mixture into a crankcase. The engine has an outlet for exhaust gases from the combustion chamber and at least one transfer channel, which, in prescribed positions of the piston, fluidically connects the crankcase with the combustion chamber. The engine has a clean air path that includes an air channel, a piston window and a transfer channel, whereby in prescribed positions of the piston the air channel is fluidically connected via the piston window with an inlet window of the transfer channel.

Abstract: A two-cycle engine, especially in a portable, manually-guided implement, is provided, and has a combustion chamber that is formed in a cylinder and is delimited by a reciprocating piston, which via a connecting rod drives a crankshaft mounted in a crankcase. The engine has an inlet and an outlet, as well as at least one transfer channel that, in prescribed positions of the piston, connects the crankcase with the combustion chamber. An air channel that conveys essentially fuel-free air is, in prescribed positions of the piston, fluidically connected via a piston window with an inlet window of a transfer channel into the combustion chamber. For a good scavenging result, the flow resistance through the transfer channel in the direction of flow from the crankcase to the combustion chamber corresponds approximately to the flow resistance in the direction of flow from the combustion chamber to the crankcase.

Abstract: A two-cycle engine, especially for a portable, manually guided implement, is provided and has a combustion chamber that is formed in a cylinder and that is delimited by a reciprocating piston which, via a connecting rod that is connected with the piston at a connecting rod eye, drives a crankshaft rotatably mounted in a crankcase. The engine has at least one transfer channel that fluidically connects the crankcase with the combustion chamber and that opens at one end into the combustion chamber via an inlet window. The engine has at least one air channel that supplies essentially fuel-free gas and that opens into the cylinder via an air channel window. The piston has at least one piston window that in one region of the piston position establishes a fluidic connection between the air channel window and the inlet window of the transfer channel. The piston has a piston boss for connecting the piston with the connecting rod.

Abstract: A two-cycle engine is provided, especially for a portable, manually-guided implement, and has a cylinder in which is formed a combustion chamber that is delimited by a reciprocating piston that, via a connecting rod, drives a crankshaft mounted in a crankcase. The engine has an inlet and an outlet. In prescribed positions of the piston, the crankcase is fluidically connected with the combustion chamber via at least one transfer channel. The engine has an air channel that conveys essentially fuel-free air and that, in a port-controlled manner, is fluidically connected with at least one transfer channel: To achieve low exhaust gas values, the quantity of air that, at a rated speed, flows from the air channel into the transfer channel during a piston stroke has a volume that is at least 75% of the volume of the transfer channel between the inlet window, via which the transfer channel opens into the combustion chamber, and the opening window, via which the transfer channel opens into the crankcase.

Abstract: An intake or exhaust valve for an internal combustion engine has a rocker arm with a pivot between its ends, one end of which is engaged by the pushrod, and the other end engages the valve stem. An adjustable stop has two positions for the rocker arm pivot; a rest position where there is no movement of the pivot, and an upper lock position where the pivot moves in response to the pushrod, and there is a reduction in the opening of the valve. A progressive rate spring compresses as the pivot moves towards the upper lock position, thereby modulating valve opening for relatively slow start (or stop) of valve stroke with accelerating (or decelerating stroke), as the progressive rate spring compresses (or expands). Relatively thinner and thicker Belleville springs are used in series to produce a progressive rate spring. The lock position of the pivot elevated above the rest position is determined by a hydraulic block trapping oil in a closed chamber.

Abstract: In method and apparatus for controlling starting of a solenoid-operated valve for an internal combustion engine, when a request for a start of the solenoid-operated valve is generated, a provisional target position to which an armature is likely to be moved is determined, and the armature is moved to the determined provisional target position. If the provisional target position is difference from a predetermined target position, the armature is moved to the target position after being moved from the neutral position to the provisional target position.

Abstract: A variable valve actuating mechanism includes an output cam pivotally disposed upon an input shaft of an engine. First and second frame members are disposed upon the input shaft on respective sides of the input cam lobe. A first link arm is pivotally coupled at a first end thereof to the first and second frame members. A rocker arm assembly is pivotally coupled at a first end thereof to a second end of the link arm. The rocker arm assembly carries a cam follower that engages an input cam lobe of the input shaft. A biasing means is grounded to the first and second frame members, and biases the cam follower into engagement with the input cam lobe.

Abstract: In a valve timing adjusting apparatus, rotating response speed of a vane rotor and a moving speed of a lock piston are changed according to changes of oil temperature and pressure. It sometimes happens that the lock piston passes the fitting hole before the lock piston is fitted in the fitting hole. Timing of actuating a solenoid valve is retard by a given delay time from timing of actuating a spool valve. The given delay time is decided by a map based on sensor signals representing the oil temperature and pressure input to ECU. The given delay time is shorter as the oil temperature increases and longer as the oil pressure increases.

Abstract: A locking pin mechanism disposed in a bore in a cam phaser rotor vane for controllably engaging the camshaft sprocket to rotationally lock together the rotor and stator of a vane-type camshaft phaser. A lock pin sleeve in the bore extends from the vane through a slot in the cover plate. Disposed within the sleeve is a slidable lock pin having a locking head for engaging the sprocket and a tail portion extending through the outer end of the sleeve. The tail portion of the lock pin may be manually retracted by an operator while the phaser is being installed or removed from the engine, thus preventing damage from high torque exerted via the phaser attachment bolt in bolting the phaser to the engine.

Abstract: A torque bias coil spring for a camshaft phaser disposed on the outside of a cover plate for the rotor chamber and connected between the stator and rotor for angularly biasing the rotor. A rotor extension, such as a sleeve for a locking pin mechanism or a target wheel unit, extends from the rotor chamber through an opening in the cover plate for engaging a first spring tang. The second tang of the spring is engaged by a phaser binder bolt. The spring thus is able to follow the rotary motion of the rotor within the rotor chamber and to bias the rotor toward a predetermined rotational extreme.

Abstract: A central bolt for attaching a camshaft phaser to a camshaft of an internal combustion engine. The bolt also functions as oil supply means and is provided with a first longitudinal passage, for supplying engine oil under pressure from a front camshaft bearing to an oil control valve disposed in an outer cover of the phaser, and with second and third longitudinal passages for supplying phaser control oil from the oil control valve to advance and retard chambers within the phaser.

Abstract: In a vane-type camshaft phaser, one vane extends over a much larger internal angle than the other two vanes. Because of its size and strength, the large vane is the vane designated for contact with the stator. The other vanes and lobes have extra clearance to prevent contact regardless of rotor position. In one embodiment, a first surface of the large vane engages a surface of a first adjacent lobe at one extreme rotor rotation, and a second surface of the large vane engages a surface of a second adjacent lobe at the opposite extreme of rotation. The contact surfaces of the lobes and the vane may be equipped with hardened wear pads. One or more wear pads may be machined to provide a desired rotor displacement angle.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of controlling an engine by determining the state of an ignition command device and the speed of an engine and operating a fuel pump during a predetermined period in response to the ignition command device being in a predetermined state and the speed being substantially zero.

Abstract: A decompression device for an engine reduces pressure in the engine's combustion chamber thereby reducing the amount of force required to start the engine. The decompression device incorporates a decompression lever that cooperates with a cam surface to hold engine valves open longer than normal while the engine is being started. The decompression lever has a weight section and a lifter section. The lifter section is located near a pivot location on the decompression lever and is generally the same thickness as the weight section. The lifter section protrudes beyond the cam gear to hold the engine valves open longer while starting the engine. After the engine has started, the decompression lever rotates into a retracted position to allow the engine valves to open and close normally.

Abstract: A recoil starter for a backpack-type power working machine which is capable of easily and smoothly performed the starting operation even when the working machine is kept on the operator's back irrespective of differences in the operator's build. This recoil starter comprises a recoil grip which is attached to a distal end portion of a recoil rope extended out of the main body of the recoil starter, wherein the recoil grip is designed such that it can be anchored to a recoil grip-supporting member to be positioned close to an operator's waist and that it can be pulled out in front of the operator from the recoil grip-supporting member. The recoil grip-supporting member is made optionally alterable in position.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes a crankshaft, a mainshaft, a clutch and a countershaft. The mainshaft is for a transmission and holds a transmission gear train. The clutch is disposed on the extension of the mainshaft. Furthermore, the countershaft for the transmission holds a gear train to mesh with the transmission gear train. Accordingly, power is transmitted in order from the crankshaft to the clutch, the mainshaft, and the countershaft. This arrangement ensures better knee-grip when the internal combustion engine is mounted on a vehicle and improves in-vehicle mountability by reducing the width and the axial length of the internal combustion engine. A mainshaft is disposed about immediately below the crankshaft. At least a part of the mainshaft is provided at the same axial position as the crankshaft.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a variable spring force intake valve for use in two- or four-stroke internal combustion engines. The device comprises an intake valve body and a torsion spring attached to a gear and rod assembly. Manipulation, via manual or automated means, of the gear and rod assembly adjusts the tension/torsion force exerted by the torsion spring to preload the intake valve and/or to hold the intake valve in the closed position. Varying the tension/torsion force results in an ability to control the timing and the degree to which the ports of the intake valve are actually opened during the operating cycle of the piston, thereby providing a user with an opportunity to enhance the operation of a two- or four-stroke internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A high-pressure connector for a fuel injection system including an elongated body having an inlet that is in fluid communication with a source of high-pressure fuel, an outlet in fluid communication with the inlet of a fuel injector and a fuel passage extending therebetween. A filter is supported within the fuel passage and acts to filter particulates from the high-pressure fuel. A fuel flow limiter is supported within the fuel passage and is operable to provide predetermined quantities of fuel to pass between the inlet and the outlet at each injection event during normal operation of the combustion chamber serviced by the injector and to automatically terminate fuel flow through the connector in the event of a malfunction at the combustion chamber.

Abstract: Method and system of overriding a locomotive engine governor oil pressure sensor protective device, which involves closing a normally open solenoid valve which is placed between a locomotive engine and a governor oil pressure sensor, the solenoid valve being operably connected to an automatic shutdown and restart system, the closing of the valve maintaining the existing engine oil pressure on the governor oil pressure sensor.

Abstract: A hydraulic control device for valve trains of an engine having cylinders which are optionally deactivated by applying oil pressure to the valve train so as to suspend the operations of associated intake and exhaust valves, the hydraulic control device comprising a plurality of rocker shafts which are arranged in line, and each of which is provided with hydraulic passages therein for applying oil pressure to each of the valve trains so as to activate and deactivate the cylinders, a plurality of sets of hydraulic circuits, which are provided to the rocker shafts, respectively, for applying oil pressure to each of the rocker shafts, and oil pressure measuring sections provided to the hydraulic circuits, respectively, for measuring oil pressure in each of the hydraulic circuits.

Abstract: An exhaust-gas purification installation for purifying exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine includes an exhaust-gas catalytic converter which is arranged in an exhaust pipe of the internal combustion engine and a catalytic fuel reformer for generating a hydrogen-containing reformer gas which can be fed to the exhaust pipe on an entry side of the exhaust-gas catalytic converter. It is possible for a hydrocarbon-containing fuel, which can be used to operate the internal combustion engine, to be fed to the fuel reformer in order to generate the reformer gas. An exhaust-gas heater can heat the exhaust-gas part-stream which is fed to the fuel reformer. In a method according to the invention, an exhaust-gas part-stream which is removed from the exhaust pipe is heated and fed to the fuel reformer.

Abstract: In a rotary piston engine in trochoidal design with a rotor housing, made of light metal, and with side parts, which are made of light metal, it is provided that the bearing bodies are connected in an area, in which the maximum gas pressures develop, by means of tie rods, which are oriented radially in relation to the bearing body, to a support element, which rests externally on the side parts and the rotor housing.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for the creation, placement and control of an area of electrical ionization within an internal combustion engine combustion chamber. This area of electrical ionization is positioned so that all of the fuel being injected into the combustion chamber must pass next to or through the area of electrical ionization to ensure that combustion has been initiated for all of the fuel as it is injected. This area of electrical ionization can be kept on as long as it is necessary to insure that the all of the fuel that is injected into the combustion chamber can be completely combusted. An engine equipped with this electrical ionization device has its fuel economy enhanced by timely, controlled, and complete combustion of all of the fuel injected into its combustion chamber. Furthermore, the pollutant emissions of both oxides of nitrogen and unburned hydrocarbons are reduced dramatically.

Abstract: To suppress deposition of fuel injected at an early timing on a wall surface for preventing the degradation in fuel efficiency and increase in the amount of harmful components in an exhaust gas, in a direct-injection diesel engine which controls the injector to cause a combustion configuration dominated by the compressive ignition of the premixture while the engine is in the premixed combustion region defined on a low load side. When fuel is injected at an early timing to form the premixture, at least one of the pulse width to be inputted into the injector and the fuel pressure is or are adjusted according to the change in the injection timing, and corrected according to the intake air temperature or the intake pressure. If an allowable pulse width is insufficient to inject fuel in the amount corresponding to a target torque, fuel is injected in a divided manner.

Abstract: A first object of the invention is to reduce an exhaust gas in a lean burn area which is expanded by a supercharging, in a direct gasoline injection type internal combustion engine provided with a turbocharger. A second object of the invention is to prevent a knocking and a misfire at a time of self ignition combustion. The invention is used for the direct gasoline injection type internal combustion engine provided with the turbocharger. In order to achieve the first object, a combustion mode is switched from a stratified combustion mode to a self ignition combustion mode at a time when a suction pressure of the engine is equal to or more than an atmospheric pressure. Further, in order to achieve the second object, an ignition timing is set to a range between a top dead center and 10 degrees after the top dead center (0 to 10 (ATDC)) at a time of operating an engine in accordance with a self ignition combustion mode.

Abstract: An injection ratio control system for an internal combustion engine performs a multi-injection, in which multiple pilot injections and a main injection are performed. The system prohibits a first injection among the pilot injections if a main injection quantity command value for the main injection is less than an N time(s) minimum guarantee determination value. An injection quantity for the first injection is added to the injection quantity for the main injection. Thus, the system controls an injection frequency per combustion in the multi-injection to prevent the use of a minute main injection quantity command value equal to or less than the N time(s) minimum guarantee determination value. As a result, the main injection is prevented from vanishing.

Abstract: A high-pressure fuel supply system can reduce collision sounds generated when a plunger collides with a stopper. An electromagnetic valve includes a plunger, a valve seat with which the plunger is moved into and out of contact so that the valve seat is placed into communication with a pressurization chamber when the plunger is moved apart from the valve seat, a stopper for limiting the separation of the plunger from the valve seat, an armature made of a magnetic material and fixedly secured to the plunger, a core arranged in opposition to the armature, a solenoid wound around the core for attracting the armature toward the core through an electromagnetic force when energized, and a spring for urging the plunger toward the valve seat. A groove is formed near opposed surfaces of the armature and core for magnetically saturating a portion of a magnetic circuit generated by energizing the solenoid.

Abstract: A high-pressure fuel supply system can reduce the generation of noise upon opening and closing of an electromagnetic valve. The electromagnetic valve (100) of the high-pressure fuel supply system includes a body (41), a plunger (40) slidably received in the body (41), a valve seat (42) with which an end of the plunger is caused to move into and out of contact so that the valve seat is placed into fluid communication with a fuel pressurization chamber (27) when the plunger is moved apart from the valve seat, a stopper (43) for limiting the distance of separation of the plunger from the valve seat, and a spring (48) for urging the plunger in a direction toward the valve seat. An elastic O ring (101) is provided around the valve seat for absorbing collision sounds generated when the plunger collides with the valve seat.

Abstract: The flow meter is a device having a laser Doppler anemometer (LDA) which measures the instantaneous center line velocity of fluid flow in a pipe and processes the instantaneous velocity so obtained to compute the volumetric flow rate, mass rate, and other flow characteristics as instantaneous quantities and/or integrated over a time interval using an electronic processing method which provides an exact solution to the Navier-Stokes equations for any periodically oscillating flow. The flow meter is particularly adapted for measuring the flow characteristics of high pressure automotive fuel injection systems. Three embodiments of the flow meter are described, including a stationary stand for off-line bench testing flow rate in a fuel injection system, a portable flow meter for inline testing in a vehicle's fuel line, and an on-board flow meter sensor connected to an engine control module.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for cooling fuel by means of the cold side of a thermoelectric unit just prior to entry of the fuel into the fuel delivery components (injectors, carburetors and throttle bodies). An excess of cooling is supplied sufficient to cool the fuel delivery components so as to provide an additional buffer of cooling for the fuel and to prevent substantial re-absorption of heat after the fuel is cooled. The hot side of the thermoelectric unit is cooled by a secondary cooling fluid system separate and distinct from the principal cooling fluid system for the engine block. In one embodiment, excess fuel is shunted by a fuel bypass pressure regulator to a fuel bypass line, and the excess fuel is the cooling fluid which is returned to the fuel tank.

Abstract: The present invention is to present a fuel-heating type fuel injection apparatus, at the startup of the engine, able to prevent fuel-attaching on the wall of the intake passage and eliminate hydro carbons in the exhaust.

Abstract: A connecting piece (1) is disposed between a carburetor (4) and an inlet channel (3) in an internal combustion engine (2) of a portable handheld motor-driven work apparatus such as a motor-driven chain saw, cutoff machine or the like. The connecting piece functions to compensate for relative position changes between the engine (2) and the carburetor (4). The connecting piece (1) is made of elastic material and includes an expansion fold (5) for compensating for changes in position. The length of the expansion fold (5) is changeable from a collapsed to an expanded length. The expansion fold (5) subdivides the connecting piece (1) into a carburetor-end channel section (6) and an engine-end channel section (7). The carburetor-end channel section (6) has a circularly-shaped cross section and the engine-end channel section (7) has a cross section departing from the circular form at the end facing toward the engine (2).

Abstract: An ignition apparatus for an internal combustion engine can be reduced in size and cost. A plurality of closed magnetic circuit cores (2) are built in a casing (8) and each have an excitation portion (2a) and non-excitation portions (2b). A plurality of coil parts (100) each includes a primary coil (4) and a secondary coil (6) which are arranged to surround the excitation parts (2a) of a corresponding one of the closed magnetic cores (2). The closed magnetic circuit cores (2) are arranged along an axial direction (A) of the coil parts (100) such that adjacent ones of the non-excitation portions (2b), which are those sides of adjacent cores (2) each of which extends from one end of a corresponding excitation portion (2a), overlap each other at least partially in the axial direction (A).

Abstract: A stone slab with fasteners has two chambers respectively defined at two sides thereof. Two fasteners are respectively secured in the chambers. The fasteners each have a central portion. A first wing is formed at a first end of the central portion, and perpendicular to the central portion. The first wing has a hole defined therethrough. A second wing is formed at a second end of the central portion, perpendicular to the central portion, and extending oppositely to the first wing. The second wing has two straight edges respectively formed at a top and a bottom thereof, and two arcuate hooks respectively extending inwards from the straight edges. The second wings of the fasteners are received in the respective chambers. Whereby, a plurality of stone slabs can be installed on a frame on a wall by screws inserted through the holes.

Abstract: An apparatus for cutting a chamfer on an upper edge of a concrete slab includes a hub designed for installation on the threaded output spindle of an angle grinder, and a specially-modified diamond-grit-edged rotary blade which mounts on the hub. For a preferred embodiment of the hub, an attachment collar is unitary and concentric with both a blade mounting flange and a blade centering shoulder on the flange. The attachment collar has at least one pair of flattened parallel sides for receiving a wrench used to tighten the hub on the output spindle. The side of the blade mounting flange opposite the collar is equipped with multiple countersunk threaded holes, by means of which the blade may be attached with countersinking screws. The rotary blade is equipped with a central positioning aperture sized to fit closely over the blade centering shoulder. The blade is equipped with countersunk holes which align with those on the blade mounting flange.

Abstract: A bite block, which not only prevents the blockage and the damage of an endo-tracheal tube, but also facilitates the observation of the oral cavity of patients, the bite block further having excellent effects of preventing ulceration in the upper and lower lips, the oral mucosa and the tongue.

Abstract: A helmet is particularly well suited for cold-weather use. The helmet includes a jaw shield that is detachable from a head portion. A breathing mask connects to the jaw shield via a mask adjustment mechanism that selectively axially moves the breathing mask toward and away from an inner surface of the jaw shield to precisely and accurately position the breathing mask against the nose and mouth of the helmet's wearer. A spring-loaded quick-release tinted shield is controlled by a lever that selectively raises and lowers the tinted shield. An eye shield pivotally connects to the helmet and is disposed in front of the tinted shield. An eye shield heating system on the eye shield electrically connects to the head portion of the helmet to provide electric power to the heating system.

Abstract: A CPAP system for supplying humidified gases to a user. Various interfaces are described for delivering the gases. A mask cushion including a deformable cushion and thin sheath is described. A forehead rest with a horizontal pivot is attached to the mask. An outlet vent to reduce the noise from exhausted carbon dioxide is described. A mouthpiece is also described with an outlet diffuser including Heat Moisture Exchanger Material.

Abstract: The invention provides a fail-safe module (FSM) integral with a sedation and analgesia system that meets the high-reliability needs of sedation and/or analgesia delivered by non-anesthetist practitioners. The FSM may operate in “real-time” in order to ensure optimal patient safety. The FSM may deactivate specific patient interfaces, user interfaces, and/or sedation and analgesia delivery in order to ensure patient safety and has redundant safety systems in order to provide the fail-safe module with an accurate assessment of controller functionality.

Abstract: A nebulizer and a method of breathing using the nebulizer is described. The nebulizer and breathing techniques are capable of delivering medicament into the sinus cavity of a user.

Abstract: An apparatus for delivering a breathable gas together with a nebulised medicament to a patient comprises a gas cylinder 4, a nebuliser 12, a first line 8a extending between the gas cylinder 4 and the nebuliser 12, an outlet from the nebuliser 12 in communication with a mask 14 for use by the patient, and a second line extending between the same or a different gas cylinder 4 and the mask 14 for delivering a breathable gas to the patient. A third line 86 extends between the gas cylinder 4 and the nebuliser 12 for assisting in the delivery of the medicament to the patient.

Abstract: A fire-resistant housing forming a heat generating compartment having an access opening and at least one elongated heating element which is coupled to a support element in said compartment to position a second end of the heating element proximate the access opening for vaporizing an herbal sample placed in close proximity thereof. Such second end is further positioned at a height equal to or less than the height between the first end and an underlying support surface. A connector is included to electrically connect the heating element to a power source for energizing the heating element.

Abstract: My new mask is like dust masks and surgical masks but it's more efficient and more comfortable. The user can berathe comfortably all day through the cotton cloth I use to make said mask, and it can be reused many times because it's washable. The new built-in padded nose clamp is made of a copper wire that is plyable enough to easily bend to fit the contour of the users nose and strong enough to hold it's shape during normal use. To gather the bottom of said mask snugly under the users chin I built in some draw strings that are fastened together under the users chin with an adjustable quick fastening device. The new design, new materials and the new adjustable devices make my mask easy to use, efficient and comfortable enough to wear all day.