Abstract: The invention relates to a method of connecting two flat laminated cable ends. A metal strip tin-plated with a solder coating is placed transversely over the conductor tracks between the two flat laminated cable ends, the flat laminated cable ends are pressed onto each other with the tin-plated metal strip lying in between, current is applied to the metal strip and it is heated until the solder of the metal strip melts and enters into a soldered connection with the conductor tracks of the flat laminated cables, and, after the soldered connection, the metal strip is separated in the intermediate spaces between two neighboring conductor tracks.

Abstract: Tape-shaped superconducting wires (15) include a covering of a stabilizing metal and are wound on a flexible former (13). The superconducting wires are laid on the former (13) at a bending strain of not more than 0.2%. The wires (15) are laid side-by-side to form a first layer. A prescribed number of tape-shaped superconducting wires are laid on top of the first layer side-by-side to form a second layer. The former may be made of a metal, plastic, reinforced plastic, polymer, or a composite and imparts flexibility to the cable.

Abstract: An oxide superconducting wire composed of a metal substrate, an intermediate layer vapor-deposited by an ion beam assisted deposition method (IBAD method) on the metal substrate, a CeO2 cap layer vapor-deposited on the intermediate layer by the PLD method or another such method, and an oxide superconducting film formed on the cap layer, wherein the thickness of the intermediate layer is no more than 2000 nm, and the thickness of the cap layer is at least 50 nm. The time it takes to form a film by the IBAD method can be shortened, and the orientation of the resulting superconducting film can be improved, by reducing the thickness of the intermediate layer manufactured by the IBAD method as above and increasing the thickness of the cap layer. The oxide superconducting wire can be obtained at low cost and with high critical current density.

Abstract: A semiconductor device which includes, between a copper conductive layer and a low-k organic insulator, a barrier layer comprising an amorphous metallic glass, preferably amorphous tantalum-aluminum. A method of making the semiconductor device is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for printed circuit board pads with registering feature for component leads. A U-shaped metalized pad is disposed on a printed circuit board for soldering to a component lead. Solder is disposed on the pad and heated to a molten state so that surface tension and wetting effects form the molten solder into a solder mound having a U-shaped lateral cross section conforming to the U-shaped metalized pad. The solder mound has a first arm and a second arm, and a lateral aperture extending therebetween for receiving an extremity of the component lead, and registering the extremity of the component lead with respect to the pad.

Abstract: The invention relates to electrodes for organic components, particularly for components such as field effect transistors (OFET's) and/or light-emitting diodes (OLED's), which have conductive and highly resolved finely structured electrode tracks. The electrode and/or conductor track are/is produced by treating a conductive or non-conductive layer comprised of an organic functional polymer with a chemical compound since, at the point of contact, the chemical compound deactivates or activates the layer comprised of an organic functional polymer, i.e. renders it conductive or non-conductive. The non-conductive regions of the layer can be removed.

Abstract: A printed circuit board comprising an insulating substrate, a via hole (16) formed in the insulating substrate, an implant material (15) filled in the via hole, and wiring patterns formed on the opposite surfaces of the substrates and electrically connected by the implant material, wherein the implant material is selected from a group consisting of acid-free copper, phosphorus-deoxidized copper and tough-pitch copper. Since the via hole comprises high-heat-resisting acid-free copper, phosphorus-deoxidized copper and tough-pitch copper, the printed circuit board is not likely to be deteriorated even when exposed, as is often the case, to a condition that heating/cooling between high temperatures and low temperatures is repeated, and can be used for an extended time while keeping an excellent heat resistance.

Abstract: An apparatus for fixing a bobbin to a printed circuit board for use in a transformer includes a receiving hole formed in the printed circuit board, a size of which is minutely larger than that of the bobbin to hold the bobbin, and a horizontal support portion formed at the pins of the bobbin in parallel relation to an upper surface of the printed circuit board, for allowing the bobbin to be supported on the upper surface of the printed circuit board when the bobbin is inserted into the receiving hole. Accordingly, the apparatus for fixing the bobbin to the printed circuit board for use in the transformer can make the installation height of the transformer installed on the printed circuit board slim, thereby decreasing a thickness of the electronic product employing the transformer 10 and thus improving convenience in use.

Abstract: A drill bit, comprising a bit body, a sensor disposed in the bit body, a single journal removably mounted to the bit body, and a roller cone rotatably mounted to the single journal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for of determining a formation parameter of interest. The method includes placing a tool into communication with the formation to test the formation, determining a first formation characteristic during a first test portion, initiating a second test portion, the second test portion having test parameters determined at least in part by the determinations made during the first test portion, determining a second formation characteristic during the second test portion, and determining the formation parameter from one of the first formation characteristic and the second formation characteristic. The apparatus includes a draw down unit and a control system for closed loop control of the draw down unit. A microprocessor in the control system processes signals from a sensor in the draw down unit to determine formation characteristics and to determine test parameters for subsequent test portions.

Abstract: A method for drilling boreholes using casing (16) as the drill string and for advancing a casing string toward the bottom of the borehole is described. In the method, the drilling assembly (26) is used as a guide over which the drill string (16) is advanced toward the bottom of the borehole prior to removing the drilling assembly from the wellbore.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of taking a crustal core sample, wherein the crustal core sample is obtained in a state coated with antimicrobial polymeric gel formed of a polymer and an inorganic antimicrobial agent dispersed in the polymer. It is preferred that the inorganic antimicrobial agent is a compound containing at least one of silver, zinc, copper and ions thereof, the inorganic antimicrobial agent is carried onto a carrier material, the polymer forming the antimicrobial polymeric gel contains a hydrophilic group, and the antimicrobial polymeric gel contains the inorganic antimicrobial agent in a proportion of 0.0001 to 10.0 mass %.

Abstract: The present invention provides a drilling assembly for drilling deviated wellbores. The drilling assembly includes a drill bit at the lower end of the drilling assembly. A drilling motor provides the rotary power to the drill bit. A bearing assembly of the drilling motor provides lateral and axial support to the drill shaft connected to the drill bit. A steering device is integrated into drilling motor assembly. The steering device contains a plurality of force application members disposed at an outer surface of the drilling motor assembly Each force application member is adapted to move between a normal position and a radially extended position to exert force on the wellbore interior wherein in extended position. A power unit in the housing provides pressurized fluid to the force application members. A control device for independently operating each of the force application members is disposed in the drilling motor assembly.

Abstract: The invention relates to a drive system, in particular a downhole drilling assembly (10). In the preferred embodiment, a bearing mechanism (14, 24) of the assembly (10) is isolated from a gear mechanism (20) of the assembly (10), to prevent failure of the bearing mechanism (14, 24) due to vibration and heat generated by the gear mechanism (20) in use. A lower bearing unit (24) of the bearing mechanism (24) is coupled to the gear mechanism (20) by a shock eliminating coupling assembly (22), which prevents the transmission of shock loads to the gear mechanism (20). Also, the gear mechanism (20) is coupled through a shock eliminating coupling assembly (18) to a turbine (16) and thus to an upper bearing unit (14). Sealing assemblies (60, 116) are provided for the gear mechanism (20) and the upper bearing unit (14) to prevent drilling fluid ingress and consequent damage. The assembly (10) may also carry a torsionally flexible drive shaft (46).

Abstract: A hydraulic accumulator for use in a drill string having a fluid passage for supply of fluid to a hydraulic drill string tool is provided. The accumulator comprises a body provided with connecing means for connecting the accumulator to the drill string and an expansion chamber in fluid communication the fluid passage when the accumulator is connected to the drill string by the connecting means. The expansion chamber is expandable between a first volume and a second volume which is larger than the first volume. Further, the expansion chamber is provided with means for moving the expansion chamber from the first to the second volume upon a fluid pressure increase in the fluid passage and for moving the expansion chambe from the second to the first volume upon a pressure decrease in the fluid passage.

Abstract: The stabiliser (1) has a tubular central body (3) having means for connection (3a, 3b) to a first and a second component of the string of drill rods and at least one external contact element (4) with a wall (2a) of the borehole (2). The external element (4) for contact of the stabiliser (1) with the wall (2a) of the borehole (2) has at least one means for activation (6) of a means (7) co-operating with the wall (2a) of the borehole (2) to limit the friction between the contact element (4) and the wall (2a) of the borehole (2). The activation means can consist of inter-blade spaces (6) for acceleration of the circulation (7) of the drilling liquid or by a means for coupling in rotation of the external element (4) and the central body (3) of the stabiliser (1).

Abstract: An attack tool for working natural and man-made materials that is made up of one or more segments, including a steel alloy base segment, an intermediate carbide wear protector segment, and a penetrator segment comprising a carbide substrate that is coated with a superhard material. The segments are joined at continuously curved interfacial surfaces that may be interrupted by grooves, ridges, protrusions, and posts. At least a portion of the curved surfaces vary from one another at about their apex in order to accommodate ease of manufacturing and to concentrate the bonding material in the region of greatest variance. The carbide used for the penetrator and the wear protector may have a cobalt binder, or it may be binderless. It may also be produced by the rapid omnidirectional compaction method as a means of controlling grain growth of the fine cobalt particles. The parts are brazed together in such a manner that the grain size of the carbide is not substantially altered.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a device, especially a measuring device, for handling individual processes, in the course of which at least one value is generated, with a characterization unit, which can be operated to generate characterizing signals for characterizing the individual processes, and with a unit for assigning the values generated during the handling of the individual processes to the processes characterized by the characterizing signals, where the characterization unit has a receiver for receiving the identification signals which are generated in the vicinity of the device during the handling of the individual processes and which identify the processes, on the basis of which identification signals the characterizing signals are generated

Abstract: The invention is a device and means that reduces the amount of overloading and under-loading of plastic grocery bags. A bag rack has a scale attached to its base with the scale connected to an indicator. The plastic bag rests on the scale which weighs the contents of the bag as they are being added. The indicator checks the weight of the contents of the bag. If the contents are under the targeted weight an indicator is lit, when the targeted weigh is reached another indicator is lit, and if a “not to exceed weight” is reached a warning indicator is lit.

Abstract: Load cells forming one or more weighing scales are connected to each other and to a common concentrator which communicates to a master controller in the control house via RF wireless communication. The load cells are polled by and provide weight reading to concentrator to the master controller. A digital load cell is used which includes a rocker pin, guided beam, torsion ring or other counterforce, a circuit board mounted on the counterforce and an enclosure sealing the circuit board and all but the load bearing surfaces of the counterforce and a mounded antenna. The circuit board includes a microcomputer and a transceiver. RF communication is provided with the circuit board through a antenna mounted on the enclosure. One or a number of load cells may be connected to a computer or controller to form one or more weighing scales with one or more weighing scales connect to a control house through wireless RF communication.

Abstract: The functions of a palmtop personal computer (PC) with a standard format keyboard (keyboard) are integrated with a personal digital assistant (PDA) having a touch-screen display with PDA control buttons to form a combination computing device. The PDA section is hingedly coupled over the keyboard of the palmtop PC section allowing the PDA display to have two positions. In the PDA position, the PDA section is placed over and latched onto the palmtop PC section. A display position sensor generates a signal indicating that the display is in the PDA display position. The display circuitry formats the display data for a portrait display mode for the PDA mode. If the PDA section is positioned for the palmtop PC mode exposing the keyboard, the display position sensor signals the display circuitry to format the display data for a landscape display mode. A user input may override the display format in the PDA mode.

Abstract: A transaxle assembly having at least two transaxle housings for a zero turn or similar vehicle, where both housings mount separate hydrostatic transmissions. A mounting plate is provided to secure to the bottom of both of the housings to mount the housings to a vehicle frame and if required to seal openings formed in the bottom of both of the housings. The connection plate may include tabs or other structure to secure it to the vehicle frame to increase the ease of assembly of the transaxle unit in the vehicle.

Abstract: A PTO switch for the attachment drive of a lawn and garden tractor includes a solenoid activated detent to retain the normally off switch in an on position. The switch includes an interlock override position for permitting a function such as mow in reverse. An interlock circuit interrupts drive to the attachment under certain conditions. Once drive is interrupted for any reason, the solenoid deactivates and the switch is moved to the off position so that PTO switch position corresponds to attachment drive condition, even when the drive is interrupted by means other than movement of the switch.

Abstract: A parking pawl is implemented on a series type, hybrid electric vehicle by providing a transmission having a moveable locking plate. The locking plate is used to selectively engage with and disengage from one of the power transfer gears of the transmission. While the locking plate is linearly moveable between engaged and disengaged positions, it is locked against rotation and prevents rotation of the power transfer gear when engaged thereto. An electromagnet is used to pull the locking plate from an engaged position to a retracted, disengaged position. A compression spring biases the plate toward the engaged position with the rotating gear. The locking plate can be held in the retracted position by moveable locking pins to avoid any need to keep the electromagnet energized.

Abstract: A vehicle drive device substantially has a motor and a power supplying apparatus. The power supplying apparatus has a main battery, a sub-battery, a power drive unit, a capacitor, a contactor, and a control unit. Under control by the control unit, misjudgment of failure of precharge contactor owing to a voltage drop of the battery can be prevented from being occurred.

Abstract: This system comprises an engine 1, a transmission device 4, a clutch 3 for engaging/disengaging the engine 1 with/from the transmission device 4, a rotational electric device 2, a power transmission mechanism 5 for inputting the rotation of the rotational electric device 2 to the transmission device, and an accumulator element 7 for accumulating electrical power supplied by the rotational electric device 2. A control unit 20 calculates the required driving force of the vehicle, and sets the ratio of output load allotted to the rotational electric device 2 and the ratio of output load allotted to the engine 1 in accordance with the accumulated charge in the accumulator element 7. The control unit 20 further controls the output of the rotational electric device 2 and the engine 1 in such a manner that these respective allotted output loads are achieved, and engages said clutch 3.

Abstract: A series type hybrid electric vehicle that controls an internal combustion engine, generator, and electric motor for reducing the load applied to the internal combustion engine when the internal combustion engine is restarted, lowers the thermal stresses to the internal combustion engine when the engine is turned off and is able to remove excess fuel when turning off the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A hybrid drive device comprises an internal combustion engine (26), an energy converter (28) adapted to co-operate with an output shaft (27) of the internal combustion engine and which comprises an electric machine having a rotor (1) connected to the output shaft of the internal combustion engine and a rotor (7) connected to a drive shaft (29). The rotors are adapted to co-operate with each other by transmitting power through magnetism, in which at least one of the rotors is provided with one or more windings. An energy source (5) is adapted to exchange electrical energy with the rotor windings through the alternating voltage therein for co-operation of the rotors by transmitting power through magnetism therebetween. The rotor windings are arranged in the form of poles being concentrically wound.

Abstract: An electric driving scooter installed with a motor for driving one rear wheel is disclosed. One side of the car body has a seat fixed. One outer lower edge of the seat is pivotally installed with a driven wheel and the seat is installed with a battery set. Power of the battery set is transferred to a controller and the motor through electric wires. A bottom of the car body has an auxiliary battery set the power of which is transferred to the controller and the auxiliary battery set is connected to the battery set in parallel. Thereby, the user can select one of the battery sets by a controller.

Abstract: A positioning structure of a dynamic scooter comprises a handle supporter, a linkage seat, and a bicycle body. A lower end of the handle supporter is engaged with a linkage. A bottom end of the bicycle body has a front wheel and a rear end of the bicycle body has a rear wheel. The treadle is installed at an upper side of the bicycle body; and a front end of the treadle has an ear. The ear is connected to the stud of the linkage. The treadle is positioned to the bicycle body. When the treadle is pivotally lifted, the bicycle body pivotally rotates and is positioned. A bottom of the treadle is installed with a first buckle and an upper side of the bicycle body is installed with a second buckle so that the treadle is tightly adhered to the bicycle body by the buckles.

Abstract: A suspension for a vehicle includes an upper A-arm and a lower A-arm. A leg with an axis is rotatably connected to both the upper A-arm and the lower A-arm. A mechanical link is rotatably connected to the leg so that movement of the mechanical link applies rotational force to the leg to cause the leg to rotate about the axis.

Abstract: A portable and collapsible motorcycle structure mainly includes a front wheel support, a seat support, a bottom support and a rear wheel support, wherein the joint area of the front wheel support and a handlebar support is disposed with an engagement device assembled by a gear and a tapered gear block. The joint area of the front wheel support and the bottom support is disposed with a retaining device assembled by a spring and a screw rod. A round rod is disposed between the seat support and the bottom support thereby enabling the motorcycle to have a slightly raised seat provided for riding after it is fixedly assembled by the engagement and retaining devices. When the engagement and retaining devices are separated, the motorcycle is collapsed to facilitate carriage and moving.

Abstract: A control apparatus for four wheel drive vehicle having differential limiting unit has: turning state determining unit; actual left and right wheel differential speed calculating unit; target differential speed setting unit; differential limiting torque calculating unit for setting a differential limiting torque at 0 in the event that an inside wheel speed falls below an outside wheel speed by a preset threshold value in the turning condition, and calculating a differential limiting torque on the basis of the target left and right wheel differential speed and the actual left and right wheel differential speed in the event that an inside wheel speed exceeds an outside wheel speed by the preset threshold value in the turning condition; and front and rear wheel differential limiting torque setting unit for setting a front and rear wheel differential limiting torque on the basis of a differential limiting torque which is calculated.

Abstract: A restraint (1) for a vehicle which includes an extension (4) adapted in use to be positioned over the body of a vehicle occupant, a connector (5) which when engaged is adapted to secure the extension (4) over the body of a vehicle occupant, and a biasing means associated with the extension (4) adapted to locate at least a portion of the extension (4) in a position where it will at least attract the attention of the vehicle occupant when the connector (5) is not engaged.

Abstract: A work vehicle has an engine (1), a PTO shaft (6, 7) driven by power from the engine, an operator's seat (19), an operator's presence sensor (26) for detecting presence/absence of an operator at the operator's seat, and an automatic engine stop unit (39) operable to automatically stop the engine in response to detection of the operator's absence at the operator's seat. The work vehicle includes a utility member (A) for the vehicle selectively movable between a use position and a non-use position, a non-use state detecting sensor (27) for detecting movement of the utility member to the non-use position, and an override unit (40) operable to override the automatic engine stop function of the automatic engine stop unit, the override unit providing an override signal to the automatic engine stop unit in response to detection by the non-use state detecting sensor of the movement of the utility member to the non-use position.

Abstract: Angular velocity in a rolling action of a vehicle is detected by an angular velocity sensor, and a difference between two angular velocities detected in a short time interval is calculated. The calculated angular velocity difference is compared with a predetermined threshold value. If the angular velocity difference is larger than the threshold value, a passenger-protecting device is activated. A rolling angle of the vehicle may be calculated by integrating the detected angular velocity, and a combination of the rolling angle and the angular velocity may be compared with a predetermined threshold. If the combination exceeds the threshold, it is determined that the vehicle is rolling over and the passenger-protecting device is activated.

Abstract: Hydraulically driven apparatus where the rotation of a ground contact wheel (3) automatically rotates a second device requiring drive (5) via a circuit (15, 16) and hydraulic motors (4,6) attached to the wheel (3) and second device (5), respectevely. The apparatus can be used in many applications including in one embodiment used as a transmission system to drive a rotary broom (5) of a sweeping apparatus.

Abstract: A frame for a skid steer loader machine is provided having a structural design that enables the loader machine to be modularly assembled using a variety of pre-assembled components, namely a lower frame assembly, an upper frame assembly and an undercarriage. The lower frame assembly includes a pair of recessed channel formed on a base side of the lower frame assembly and extending the width of the lower frame assembly. An undercarriage includes a right and left track assembly connected by a pair of crossmembers. Each recessed channel is engagingly associated with a respective crossmember of the undercarriage, thereby allowing for the modular assembly of a loader machine when the recessed channels of the lower frame assembly are mounted over the crossmembers of the undercarriage. An upper frame assembly may be mounted on the lower frame assembly before or after the lower frame assembly is mounted onto the undercarriage.

Abstract: In a differential limiting torque control section, a target differential rotation speed between front and rear drive shafts is established according to a dial position inputted by a driver of a variable dial. Further, an actual differential rotation speed between front and rear drive shafts is calculated and a deviation between the target differential rotation speed and the actual differential rotation speed is calculated. Based on the deviation, a first differential limiting torque and based on a dial position of a variable dial a second differential limiting torque are calculated. Further, a third differential limiting torque is calculated based on the dial position and a throttle opening angle. A final differential limiting torque between front and rear drive shafts is obtained by summing up these first, second and third differential limiting torques.

Abstract: A switching valve is provided which operates hydraulic friction engaging elements in a combination to establish a fifth speed “5th” when in a first position, and in a combination to establish a third speed “3rd” when in a second position, when a first electromagnetic valve to a fifth electromagnetic valve fail so as to stop operating. As a result, in the event of failure while driving, the fifth speed “5th” is first established to enable the vehicle to continue running. Then, when the position of a manual valve is changed by an operation by the driver when the vehicle is stopped or the like, the switching valve shifts a transmission into the third speed “3rd”, which has a larger gear ratio than the fifth speed “5th”, to ensure the driving force required to take off again.

Abstract: A utility vehicle includes a middle axle that is mounted at the end of a bogey beam for flotational movement relative to the frame of the vehicle. The rear axle is carried by a suspension mechanism supported from the frame of the vehicle. The middle axle is formed by a pair of stub axles interconnected by a support beam that is pivotally connected to the rearward end of the bogey beam. The rear suspension mechanism includes a pair of transversely spaced suspension struts interconnecting the frame and a rear axle member having the rear drive wheels mounted thereon. Connecting support links interconnecting the middle and rear axles maintain proper positional spacing between the middle and rear axles.

Abstract: A wheel end assembly for a mass transit vehicle includes an output shaft mounted to a wheel hub for driving a vehicle wheel. The output shaft is driven by a gear assembly mounted within a gear housing and operably coupled to an input shaft. The gear assembly includes an input gear driven by the input shaft, a first reduction gear in meshing engagement with the input gear, a second reduction gear operably coupled to the first reduction gear for rotation therewith, and an output gear in meshing engagement with the second reduction gear. The first and second reduction gears are supported on a common shaft that is positioned between the input and output shafts. The input gear and first reduction gear are positioned outboard from the output gear and associated bearings. This double reduction configuration allows vehicle aisle width to be maintained while providing a deeper drop allowing the vehicle floor to be lowered to a position closer to the ground.

Abstract: The vehicle steering system includes a steering operating device operable by the driver, in particular a hand steering wheel, each one electromechanical actuator for controlling of each steerable wheel of a wheel pair on a steerable vehicle axle at the right and left side of a vehicle body, means which, in the event of failure or a malfunction of one of the two actuators associated with a steerable vehicle axle, ensure the control of the two vehicle wheels of this vehicle axle by the respectively other, still functioning actuator, at least one set-value transducer for a steering angle being adjusted that is operable by the steering operating device, at least one actual-value transducer recording the steering angle of the vehicle wheels, a central control unit which controls the electromechanical actuators in dependence on a comparison of a signal of the actual-value transducer (actual value) with a signal of the set-value transducer (set value), and a data transmission unit which establishes a data communicat

Abstract: A device acting as a steering booster for a steering system having a steering member which can rotate about an axis of rotation. The device includes a steering booster element that is rotatable in a radially external position with respect to the axis of rotation, the steering booster element being formed in a substantially flat manner perpendicular to the axis of rotation. The steering booster element being magnetically maintained on the steering system.

Abstract: Electric power steering apparatus includes an electric motor for producing steering assist torque corresponding to steering torque applied to a steering system, and a worm gear mechanism for transmitting the steering assist torque to the steering system. The worm of the worm gear mechanism has a pressure angle greater than a pressure angle of the worm wheel, so as to reduce an actual meshing pitch circle diameter of the worm in the worm gear mechanism.

Abstract: Conventionally, there was a problem that in cases when it is difficult to place a temperature sensor in the vicinity of a heat-generating portion, overheating could not be prevented.

Abstract: A radio frequency (“RF”) shielded and acoustically isolated enclosure that efficiently employs multiple layers of sound insulation and absorbs airborne noise and the noise provided by magnetic resonance imaging (“MRI”) equipment through the supports of such equipment. The RF enclosure uses multiple layers and types of insulating materials positioned to maximize the noise absorption of the RF enclosure. This reduces the cost and space required by the enclosure. In one embodiment the enclosure includes a ceiling, a floor and a plurality of walls. The ceiling and walls include one or more multiple layers of different insulating materials that either abut each other or form air gaps. In one embodiment the floor includes a heavy metal plate on which the MRI equipment sits. The plate elastically couples to a conductive shield. The elastic coupling attenuates certain frequencies above the natural frequency of the metal sheet.

Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing ear devices that are individualized for individual. Data of the three-dimensional shape of each individual's area of application for a haring device is provided. Individual shells for the hearing devices are construed by respectively depositing commonly a layer of one of a liquid and a powderous material and solidifying by a laser arrangement in the layer individually shaped layers of the individual shells, thereby controlling the laser arrangement with the data.

Abstract: A speaker diaphragm edge obtained by hot-forming into a desired edge shape, a resin-treated base material, which was prepared by using a silkscreen printing technique to apply a shaping agent layer only to the necessary portion of a base material.

Abstract: A muffler comprises a casing and an exhaust pipe penetrating the casing. An exhaust gas chamber 4 is defined between the outer wall surface of the exhaust pipe and the inner wall surface of the casing. In the exhaust pipe positioned in the casing, an enlarged chamber for accommodating a particulate filter is formed. A downstream side portion of the exhaust pipe and the exhaust gas chamber are communicated with each other by a branch pipe. A communicating port is formed on the wall of an upstream side portion of the exhaust pipe positioned in the exhaust gas chamber. Until the pressure difference between the upstream and downstream of the communication control valve reaches a threshold value, the communication control valve is kept closed to close the communicating port and, thus, the exhaust gas flows through the particulate filter.