Abstract: A piston assembly is provided for use in an engine. The piston assembly includes a piston body including a crown with a skirt extending from the crown. The skirt has an exterior surface. The exterior surface has a surface finish in a wave form with peaks and valleys, and having a roughness total between approximately 6 and 8 micrometers. The roughness total is defined as the difference between the highest peak and lowest valley within an assessment length. The surface finish has an approximate peak-to-peak distance between 0.18 and 0.23 mm within the assessment length. A composite coating is provided over the exterior surface.

Abstract: The invention has many aspects. One aspect is that of an internal combustion engine (8010) that has a piston (8020) within a cylinder (8022) and has a crankcase (8012), defining a combustion chamber (8024) and crank volume (8026). A passageway (8032 and 8034) links the combustion chamber (8024) and the crank volume (8026). There is provided valve means (8038) for selectively closing the linking passageway and valve means (8030) for selectively closing and inlet to the crank volume (8026). In another aspect, there is an improvement to a scotch yoke fluid device. A displaceable member for relieving pressure in a variable volume chamber in the cylinder where combustion is occurring is provided. The invention includes a method of varying power output of a scotch yoke device, by choosing cylinder angle, pin angle and firing order in various ways. The invention also deals with other aspects of scotch yoke designs.

Abstract: A speed control apparatus for an internal combustion engine including a poppet valve seat and a poppet valve pintle assembly disposed coaxially for variably regulating the flow of air into the engine across the valve seat. The pintle is axially positioned by a stepper motor actuator responsive to an engine speed sensor and electronic controller. The controller varies the axial position of the pintle in accordance with a programmed algorithm to provide any desired engine speed, and especially a fixed engine speed, under a range of engine loads. The invention eliminates the need for a governor, rotary mechanical throttle, and cable or mechanical linkages, and is especially useful for small engine applications such as in powering a portable electric generator, yard equipment, or outboard motor.

Abstract: Proposed is a method and a device for controlling the drive unit of a vehicle. In this context, at least one correction variable of the drive unit is set as a function of a setpoint value for an output variable of the drive unit, and as a function of a setpoint correction time, which represents the time in which the setpoint value for the output variable must be attained.

Abstract: A fail-safe mechanism of an air induction control apparatus for automotive engines is provided which is designed to hold a throttle valve at a middle position when a valve actuator has failed to move the throttle valve. The fail-safe mechanism includes a middle position hold stopper, an opener lever connected to the throttle shaft, and a first and a second coil spring. The first coil spring works to exert a first spring pressure on the opener member in a first rotational direction in which the throttle valve is rotated from a fully opened position to the middle position. The first coil spring is urged at an end thereof into constant engagement with the middle position hold stopper to hold the opener member from rotating in a second rotational direction opposite the first rotational direction. The second coil spring has a first and a second end between which the opener member extends. The first end abuts against the middle position hold stopper.

Abstract: A method for controlling partial air pressure in an intake manifold of an engine. The engine has an intake throttle device for controlling a flow of air to the intake manifold. An EGR valve is provided for controlling a flow of exhaust gas from the engine to the intake manifold downstream of the intake throttle. The engine has at least one cylinder fed a flow comprising air passing through the throttle to the intake manifold and exhaust products passing through the EGR valve to the intake manifold. Both the air through the throttle and the exhaust gas products in the intake manifold are passed as a combined flow to the intake manifold and then to the at least one cylinder. The method includes: specifying a dynamic reference model for the desired partial pressure of the air as a function of time; and controlling the flow through the intake throttle device in accordance with an estimated EGR flow obtained by a dynamic observer and an estimate of partial air fraction in the exhaust gas products.

Abstract: A method for controlling knocking in multi-cylinder internal combustion engines in KC emergency operation and at activated guide-cylinder function are provided by which a torque loss is able to be avoided at low application expenditure and the functionality desired by the guide-cylinder function is maintained even in KC emergency operation. In KC emergency operation and when the guide-cylinder function is activated, cylinder pairs are formed from the cylinders operating in each case at a 360° offset. Each twin pair having at least one cylinder to be guided is assigned at least one of the available guide cylinders, so that the ignition timing retard of the cylinder pair to be guided is based on the ignition timing retard of the associated guide cylinder. Only when the number of available guide cylinders is insufficient will a safety retard timing be triggered, in which an ignition angle is adjusted which has been predefined for all cylinders.

Abstract: The internal combustion engine includes an engine preheating apparatus for preheating the internal combustion engine upon or before starting thereof. This internal combustion engine further includes an air-fuel ratio controller for setting an air-fuel ratio of the internal combustion engine that is preheated, to a value higher than that of the internal combustion engine that is not preheated, and/or an ignition-timing controller for retarding an ignition timing of the internal combustion engine that is preheated as compared with the ignition timing of the internal combustion engine that is not preheated.

Abstract: The fuel injection system has a high-pressure fuel pump (10) and a fuel injection valve (12) for a cylinder of the engine. The high-pressure fuel pump (10) has a pump work chamber (22), and the fuel injection valve (12) has an injection valve member (28) by which at least one injection opening (32) is controlled and which is movable in an opening direction (29) counter to the force of a closing spring (44); the closing spring (44) is braced on one end on the injection valve member (28) and on the other end on a displaceable storage piston (50) that is acted upon, on its side remote from the closing spring (44), by the pressure prevailing in the pump work chamber (22). The storage piston (50) is movable into a storage chamber (55) counter to the force of the closing spring (44), and the deflection stroke motion of the storage piston (50) into the storage chamber (55) is limited by a stop (54).

Abstract: The invention relates to a connection of two coaxially in-line elements in a fuel supply system of an internal combustion engine, in which the first element is preferably a receiving bush of a fuel distributor line (1) with a guide opening, and the second element, embodied as a pressure regulating valve (8) or pressure chamber, is insertable by a guide portion (19) into the guide opening (18) of the receiving bush (3), which facing one another in a wall (30) has two retention openings (31), aligned both with one another and with a retention groove (37) in the pressure regulating valve (8), which openings a U-shaped retention clamp (32) projects through with its legs (34) and in so doing fixes the position of the first element (3) and second element (8) relative to one another, which elements, at least in the region of the retention clamp (32) have portions of stainless steel.

Abstract: A fuel-injection system includes at least one fuel distributor and at least one fuel injector. The fuel distributor is embodied as an autonomous component and has a plurality of valve seats having several inner longitudinal openings in which the fuel injectors may be inserted. The valve seats, by their ends facing away from a fuel-supply channel of the fuel distributor, end in a freely exposed manner. At these ends of the valve seats at least one retaining element in each case is premolded or formed for the loss-proof mounting of the particular fuel injector. This fuel-injection system is particularly suited for the use in mixture-compressing internal combustion engines having external ignition.

Abstract: A fuel supply unit includes a fuel distribution pipe, a fuel injector and a locking clip. The fuel distribution pipe has a fuel outlet port, and the fuel injector has a fuel inlet port. The fuel inlet port is communicated with the fuel outlet port. The locking clip is for preventing the fuel injector from detaching from the fuel distribution pipe. The fuel injector has a projecting lockable injector portion in a circumference thereof. The locking clip has a locking portion extending along a circumference of the injector within a circumferential length thereof. When the fuel injector is moved in a direction of detaching the fuel inlet port from the fuel outlet port, the locking clip locks the fuel distribution port, and a middle portion of the locking portion locks the lockable injector portion. Therefore, the locking clip prevents fuel injector from detaching from the fuel distribution pipe.

Abstract: On supplying fuel in an internal combustion engine, a control signal for changing a degree of vaporization of the fuel passing the air intake valve in accordance with the opening degree of the air intake valve or a load of the internal combustion engine so that the fuel of liquid state is restrained from existing in the combustion chamber is generated, and subsequently a vaporizing speed of the supplied fuel is changed in accordance with the control signal to adjust the degree of vaporization of the fuel.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine in which fuel injection valves are arranged on the upstream side and on the downstream side of the throttle valve respectively, in which process values such as the engine speed and the vehicle speed cause fuel injection to be accurately restricted at predetermined upper limit values. A total injection quantity determination unit determines total quantity Qtotal of fuel to be injected from the upstream side and downstream side fuel injection valves. An injection rate determination unit determines an injection rate Rupper of the upstream injection valve. An injection quantity restriction unit restricts fuel injection of each of the fuel injection valves when process values such as the vehicle speed and the engine speed reach or approach the predetermined upper limit value. The injection quantity determination unit determines the injection quantity Qupper of the upstream injection valve and the injection quantity Qlower of the downstream injection valve.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method and an arrangement for determining a fuel wall film mass in an internal combustion engine (1) having intake manifold injection. The method and arrangement provide a precise as possible transition compensation also for the case wherein the fuel injection into the open inlet valve (5) of a cylinder (20) takes place. The fuel wall film mass is determined starting from a fuel injection which takes place completely in advance of opening of the inlet valve (5) of the cylinder (20) of the internal combustion engine (1) into the intake manifold (10). The value so determined for the fuel wall film mass is corrected in dependence upon the ratio between the fuel mass, which is injected via the open inlet valve (5) into the combustion chamber (15) of the cylinder (20), and the total injected fuel mass.

Abstract: A fuel injection control system and method for trimming an internal combustion engine during a fuel injection event based upon engine operating conditions, the control system including an electronic controller in electrical communication with the engine, the controller being operable to detect the operating mode of each injector of the engine and alter each injector operating mode as desired.

Abstract: A high-pressure fuel pump (10) is used for a fuel system of a direct-injection internal combustion engine. It includes a housing (12) as well as a low-pressure inlet (18). A high-pressure outlet (20) is also present, which can be connected to a fuel collection line (22). To enable the most compact, small embodiment possible of the high-pressure fuel pump (10), it is proposed that the fuel collection line (22) be integrated into the housing (12) of the high-pressure fuel pump (10).

Abstract: A purge flow rate to be added (a value to be added or subtracted) DQPGC is calculated based on a deviation between a target purge flow rate QPGCMD (the current value) and the purge flow rate QPGC(k−1) that was calculated in the previous control cycle (step S118), and a purge flow rate QPGC (the current value) is calculated by adding (adding or subtracting) the purge flow rate to be added DQPGC which is so calculated to the previous value QPGC(k−1) of the purge flow rate (steps S130 to S132).

Abstract: In a gaseous fuel supply apparatus with a shut-off valve, the valve includes a valve housing provided in a gas flow unit for supplying gaseous fuel from a fuel tank to a combustion engine, a seal member surrounding a valve port between a first port connecting to the tank and a second port connecting the engine in the housing, a valve member movable between a closed position at which the valve member is in contact with the seal member to close the valve port and an open position at which the valve member separates from the seal member to open the valve port, and a drive unit for driving the movement of the valve member by electromagnetic force.

Abstract: Plural ignition coils are inserted into corresponding plug holes. Each coil-head of the ignition coil is received by a holder. The coil-head is pressed by a base plate toward the engine. The holder has hooking claws. The base plate has hooking slots to movably engage with the hooking claws, so that relative position between the ignition coils and the plug holes can be adjusted. In case one ignition coil fails, the disabled ignition coil can be replaced individually. A first connector is formed on the coil-head, and a second connector is formed on the holder. The second connector is connected with the first connector when the holder is engaged with the ignition coil at one time. Thus, assembly work process can be reduced.

Abstract: A failure detection apparatus for an internal combustion engine includes failure detecting means (S22-S30) for detecting abnormality of fresh air quantity detecting means (air flow sensor) based on the result of comparison between a fresh air quantity detected by the fresh air quantity detecting means (air flow sensor) and a reference value for the fresh air quantity set by fresh air quantity reference value setting means (S20), and an EGR device (EGR passage, EGR valve, target opening setting means, EGR valve control means). The fresh air quantity reference value setting means sets the reference value (S16) in accordance with not only the operating state (engine speed Ne, fuel injection quantity Qf, etc.) of the engine but also a target EGR valve opening set by target opening setting means (S12, S14).

Abstract: A portable outdoor stove is provided which includes a burner primarily comprising an outer and inner pieces bolted tightly to form a small gas/air mixture chamber for accepting and maintaining high pressure gaseous fuel, a wind guard of cylinder shape capable of tightly coupled with a cooking vessel and possessing window opening of less than 180° toward its top for exhaust outlet, adjustable means for supporting the burner and positioning flame from burner onto bottom of cooking vessel and supporting means for the wind guard.

Abstract: The invention provides a safety module for connection to a fuel-burning appliance. The safety module connects to the existing circuitry of the appliance and triggers an alarm response when certain predetermined conditions are met. The safety module includes a CO sensor and a processor and can respond not only to acutely high CO levels but also to chronically high CO levels and lack of adherence to service schedules amongst other conditions. The safety module can also be programmed/reset.

Abstract: A range hood cleaning fluid reservoir that is connected to the motor housing of the range hood. The reservoir is shaped and sized to fit below the motor housing, preferably in abutment. The reservoir may be equipped with a heating system such as a heating element or a heat conductor system wherein a conductive material is connected to the motor housing and to the interior of the reservoir.

Abstract: A fire surround for use with a substantially enclosed gas fire unit (34) comprises an outer fascia (12) securable, in use, to a chimney breast around a flue opening in the chimney breast, the outer fascia having an opening therein for receiving the gas fire unit (34), and an inner fascia (22) securable, in use, to the outer fascia (12) so as to entrap an out-turned flange (40) of the gas fire unit (34) between the inner and outer fascias. The inner fascia (22) comprises a pair of side columns (26) bridged by a top portion (28), and at least one of the side columns (26) is formed as a channel member for receiving a slide control for operating the gas fire unit (34). The invention also provides a method for the securing such a fire surround to a chimney breast so as to secure in place the gas fire unit (34).

Abstract: A pharmaceutical delivery system for oral inhalation is disclosed through nebulization consisting of an inert supporting material impregnated with or deposited with pharmaceutically active ingredient which must be solubilized or suspended in a pharmaceutical solvent to form a solution or suspension prior to administration. Each pharmaceutical delivery unit dosage form comprises one or more therapeutically effective and safe amounts of pharmaceutically active ingredient uniformly impregnated in or deposited on a supporting material which is a natural or synthetic polymer, woven or non-woven fabrics, inert paper, inorganic materials such as foil and combination thereof in a single or multi-layer lamination in a form of a sheet or strip or film or membrane or sponge-like or cup or well. The dosage form of this invention is to be administered to a patient through oral or nasal inhalation using a nebulizer after reconstitution with a reconstituting solvent.

Abstract: A bush (31) is fitted into a housing (10) and an ultrasonic pump (12) is supported liquid tightly by the bush (31). The ultrasonic pump (12) is constituted by a pump shaft (21) formed to include a pump bore (22) passing through it axially and having upper and lower ends which are open, and an ultrasonic vibrator (23) mounted on the pump shaft (21) in the vicinity of the midpoint thereof in terms of the axial direction. A liquid vessel.(16) is mounted in the housing (10) in a freely attachable and detachable manner, and the lower end portion of the pump shaft (21) is received inside the liquid vessel (16). A cap (15) is freely detachably attached to the upper end portion of the housing (10) so as to cover the upper end portion of the pump shaft (21). The top side of the cap (15) is provided with a spray port (51), and a step portion (57) is formed for supporting a mesh plate (14) at the periphery thereof at a position below the spray port (51).

Abstract: The invention relates to a two-chamber cartridge for drug formulations for propellant-free inhalers.

Abstract: A conduit for a breathing circuit includes a heater associated, at least in part, with a portion of hydrophilic material. The purpose of the heater is to evaporate any condensed liquid collecting in the conduit, which is first sucked up by the hydrophilic material. The heated wick reduces the risk of collected water being passed to the patient and causing choking fits or discomfit. It is preferred that the heated wick lies freely in the conduit to settle at low points in the conduit where condensation may collect.

Abstract: The invention concerns a breathing mask arrangement for feeding a respiratory gas to a patient. The invention further concerns a forehead support device for same. The breathing mask arrangement according to the invention includes an arch body, a sealing lip means for bearing against the surface of the face of a mask user, a respiratory gas conduit means for feeding respiratory gas to a mask internal space which is defined by the arch body and which is in communication with the nose and/or mouth opening of the user of the mask. The breathing mask arrangement according to the invention is distinguished by an application structure for application of the sealing lip means jointly with the arch body, wherein the application structure has a carrier portion on which a respiratory gas conduit member in the form of a docking port is releasably mounted.

Abstract: A patient interface having a forehead support adjustably. The forehead support assembly includes a support arm that is adjustably mounted to the mask shell, thereby allowing the adjustment of the distance between the forehead support bracket and the mask shell in order to adjust for patient's of different sizes. A forehead support bracket is pivotally connected to the support arm. The pivoting forehead support bracket is self-aligning to allow the forehead pad to remain parallel to the patient's forehead at all times, thus enhancing comfort and stability. The forehead support bracket is removable from the support arm, allowing the headgear (with support bracket attached) to be donned separately from the mask and support arm. The forehead support bracket in one embodiment has a forehead pad formed from the headgear itself.

Abstract: This invention is a nasal cannula (10) having a septum (15) therein, and two nares (13, 14) each having a hole (37, 35) therein to help prevent occlusion of the device from secretions. The cannula is connected to an oxygen source (G) and a CO2 monitor (A).

Abstract: An improved nasal cannula and cannula support structure. In a preferred embodiment, an integrated nasal cannula and cannula support device comprise a semi-rigid mono-lumen cannula design comprising a generally L-shaped mono-lumen strut terminating at its distal end with an oxygen supply barrel. In an alternate embodiment of the present invention designed for use with conventional delivery tube pair cannula designs, a nasal cannula support device includes a ridge pole retainer comprising a generally L-shaped strut having a long leg and a short leg. The cannula support is anchored to the wearer's nose and/or forehead such that the cannula delivery tubes and supply barrel are maintained in fixed alignment regardless of the wearer's head motion.

Abstract: A vaso-occlusive device includes a microcoil formed into a minimum energy state secondary configuration comprising a plurality of curved segments, each defining a discrete axis, whereby the device, in its minimum energy state configuration, defines multiple axes. In a preferred embodiment, the minimum energy state secondary configuration comprises a plurality of tangentially-interconnected, substantially circular loops defining a plurality of discrete axes. In an alternative embodiment, the minimum energy state secondary configuration defines a wave-form like structure comprising a longitudinal array of laterally-alternating open loops defining a plurality of separate axes. In either embodiment, the device, in its minimum energy state secondary configuration, has a dimension that is substantially larger than the largest dimension of the vascular site in which the device is to be deployed.

Abstract: Systems and related methods stabilize tissue in an airway using material which is sized and configured to be fitted to surface tissue in the airway and which is magnetically attracted toward a magnetized material to stabilize a preferred tissue orientation. The systems and related methods can be used, e.g., to treat snoring and other sleep related disorders.

Abstract: Systems and related methods stabilize tissue in the oral cavity and airway, e.g., the soft palate/uvula and/or tongue. The systems and methods employ an operative element sized and configured to be fitted to less mobile tissue in the oral cavity. The operative element is further constructed and arranged to interact with more mobile tissue in the airway to stabilize a preferred tissue orientation. The operative element can comprise a suction source sized and configured to draw more mobile tissue toward the suction source. Alternatively, the operative element can comprise a magnetic source sized and configured to magnetically attract material fitted to more mobile tissue in the airway.

Abstract: According to one embodiment of the invention, an apparatus used for collecting fluids during a medical procedure includes a fluid collection pouch having an open end, an inflatable bladder substantially surrounding a perimeter of the open end, and a pump coupled to the inflatable bladder. The pump is operable to inflate the inflatable bladder. According to another embodiment of the invention, an apparatus used for collecting fluids during a medical procedure includes a fluid collection pouch having an open end with a perimeter, a channel surrounding approximately one half of the perimeter of the open end, an inflatable bladder disposed within the channel, and a pump disposed within the channel and coupled to the inflatable bladder. The pump is operable to inflate the inflatable bladder.

Abstract: An earplug and a method of manufacture thereof is provided, the earplug includes a foam having an insertion portion for being inserted into an ear canal of a user and a skirt extending from the insertion portion. The skirt includes a receptacle formed at an interior thereof. The earplug further includes a molded stem having a bonding portion which is received in the receptacle and a handle portion which extends from the receptacle. The handle portion facilitates handling of the earplug during manufacture and use thereof. The skirt extends around the bonding portion of the stem and the bonding portion and the foam are adhesively bonded in the receptacle.

Abstract: A restraining harness for use in land vehicles including a torso binder and an anchor assembly for securing the torso binder adjacent a seat so as to restrain a handcuffed prisoner. A number of releasable fasteners associated with the torso binder and the anchor assembly permit the torso binder to be rapidly attached and detached from the torso binder.

Abstract: An instrument for use with a patient who is experiencing acute ischemic stroke, the instrument for indicating whether to administer thrombolytic therapy to the patient after a predetermined elapsed time since onset of symptoms has passed, the instrument including an input device through which a user enters clinical information about the patient who is experiencing acute ischemic stroke; and a processor module programmed to use the entered clinical information to compute a predicted benefit to the health of the patient as a consequence of administering thrombolytic therapy to the patient at an onset to treatment time (OTT) that is greater than a predetermined time, the predicted benefit being derived from the entered clinical data.

Abstract: An interface device and method for interfacing instruments to a medical procedure simulation system serve to interface peripherals in the form of mock medical instruments to the medical procedure simulation system computer to enable simulation of medical procedures. The interface device includes a housing having a mock bodily region of interest to facilitate insertion of a mock instrument, such as an endoscope tube, into the interface device. The mock bodily region of interest may be pivotable to simulate various patient orientations. The instrument is engaged by a capture mechanism in order to measure rotational and translational motion of the instrument. An actuator is disposed within the interface device to provide force feedback to the instrument. The measured motion is provided to the computer system to reflect instrument motion on the display during the simulation. Alternatively, the interface device may be configured to accommodate instrument assemblies having a plurality of nested instruments (e.g.

Abstract: The present invention is an improved gastric bypass, a surgical method to treat clinically significant obesity, in which the likelihood of post-surgical complications is reduced.

Abstract: A method is provided for acting on a product in a machine operating in a machine cycle in the tobacco-processing industry in dependence on information about the product. Information about the product is detected synchronously with the machine cycle. The information is associated with the product asynchronously with respect to the machine cycle. An action is effected on the product synchronously with respect to the machine cycle in dependence on the information associated with the product.

Abstract: Apparatus for increasing the preferabilities of central portions of tubular wrappers which form part of successive filter cigarettes of double unit length being turned out by a tipping machine. The central portions of the wrappers include adhesive-coated uniting bands which are convoluted around filter mouthpieces in a first portion of a rolling channel for successive filter cigarettes. A perforating unit which employs laser beams is set up to simultaneously perforate the central portions of the wrappers of several successive cigarettes in a second portion which immediately follows or partially overlaps the first portion of the channel. Each wrapper can be provided with two or more annular arrays of perforations.

Abstract: A process for reducing lignin and nitrogenous content in tobacco lamina and tobacco fiber material, including whole leaf, stems, scraps, fines and lamina, as well as burley leaf and stem, in an extraction with a solution containing hydrogen peroxide and an alkali metal hydroxide. The treated tobacco may then be further processed for use in cigarettes and other smoking articles.

Abstract: A tobacco smoke filter synergist composition is provided comprised of antioxidants and minerals: the former are effective as free radical scavenger and the latter are capable of reducing the other harmful substances from tobacco smoke. In particular, minerals include the magnetized ferrite, which has great adsorbing capacity. The composition can be disposed within one or more chambers.

Abstract: The invention relates to the extrusion of filamentary strands of reconstituted tobacco through a die plate and the downstream handling thereof. The die plate is configured such that each filament is of a square or rectangular cross-section, the downstream handling of which effects draw down of the extruded filament.

Abstract: A dual manicure and pedicure support apparatus for supporting a user's hand or foot to facilitate care of fingernails or toenails. In one embodiment, a body member includes a generally planar base, an upper work surface, and a front work surface sloped for receiving a hand or a foot thereon. The body member includes a generally trapezoidal side-profile and is composed of flexible material. The upper work surface includes a plurality of holes and slots for storage of items utilized during a manicure or pedicure. The body member includes opposed sides curved inwardly to allow positioning between the user's legs during a manicure. The back side includes an enclosure covered by elastic netting for storage of utensils used in the manicure or pedicure. The body member is easily moved from between a user's legs for a manicure to a position for a pedicure without modifying the body member.

Abstract: A hair care device including hair combing means, said hair combing means including a plurality of combing teeth and means for adjusting effective teeth spacing between adjacent combing teeth, characterised in that at least some of said combing teeth being thermally conductive so that heat can be conducted from said combing means to said hair via said thermally conductive combing teeth when said hair is being engaged under tension by said combing teeth.

Abstract: A hairstyling device which holds hair between a first iron and a second iron to set. The hairstyling device is constructed as to heat the first iron and the second iron only with steam. And, the hairstyling device is constructed as the second iron sucks steam which is jetted out of the first iron.