Abstract: There is provided electrochemical biosensors with a sample introducing part, comprising a sample introducing passage, an air discharge passage, and a void. The sample introducing passage communicates with the air discharge passage, and the void is formed at the point of communication. Also, disclosed is the electrochemical biosensor with the said sample introducing part and a fluidity determining electrode.

Abstract: An improved structure of a gas sensor is provided which has a cylindrical elastic insulator through which lead wires coupled to an external device such as a controller pass and connect with electrode terminals of a sensor element. The elastic insulator has formed therein a plurality of holes through which the lead wires pass. One of the holes is formed on a longitudinal center line of the elastic insulator. The other holes are arranged around the center one. This arrangement allows a large number of holes to be formed in the elastic insulator without sacrificing mechanical properties of the insulator such as strength, elasticity, etc.

Abstract: A noiseless circuit structure of a gas concentration measuring apparatus is provided. The gas concentration measuring apparatus includes a gas sensor which has a solid electrolyte body. The solid electrolyte body has two electrodes affixed thereto and forms a pump cell which is actuated by application of voltage to the electrodes. The voltage has one of discrete levels contributing to addition of undesirable spiky peaks to a pump cell current produced by the pump cell. The apparatus works to smooth or blur the voltage to be applied to the pump cell or the pump cell current, thereby eliminating the spiky peaks of the pump cell current.

Abstract: A noiseless circuit structure of a gas concentration measuring apparatus is provided. The gas concentration measuring apparatus includes a control circuit and a gas sensor including a solid electrolyte body, a cell, and a heater serving to heat the solid electrolyte body up to an activation temperature. The control circuit is designed to cancel or remove electric noises arising from an on-off operation of the heater added to a sensor output.

Abstract: A cartridge for an electrophoresis detection device and a manufacturing method thereof. The cartridge includes a first member, a second member, and a capillary. The first member includes a first concave portion. The second member includes a second concave portion corresponding to the first concave portion. The second member is combined with the first member in a manner such that the second concave portion faces the first concave portion. The capillary is disposed in the first concave portion and the second concave portion in a manner such that it protrudes from the first and second members.

Abstract: The invention relates to a free flow electrophoresis method for separating sample substances into their analytes. Said method comprises several steps; a first step for the crude fractionation of the sample substance and at least one second step in which the crudely fractionated sample substance is finely fractionated. These steps can be performed in a parallel simultaneous method, in a serial method or in a combination of these two.

Abstract: Sieving mediums comprising less than about 0.5% polymer, less than about 0.4% polymer, and 0.35% polymer or less are used to perform nucleic acid separations and PCR. The low polymer concentration does not inhibit PCR reactions and is sufficient for performing nucleic acids separations. Microfluidic devices are used to perform nucleic acids separations and PCR reactions in the sieving mediums described.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a capillary tube for electrophoresis that has a positively charged coating on the capillary inner surface that prevents positively charged analytes from adsorbing to the inner capillary surface. The capillary tube has an inner surface that is coated with a first polymer layer having a plurality of polymer groups comprising polyethylene imine, designated herein as (CH2CH2NH)x. The inner surface of the capillary typically has a second polymer layer covalently bonded to the first polymer layer. The invention includes a capillary tube where two or more than two polymer groups are covalently bonded to each other by a cross-linker. Also provided are an electrophoresis system the uses the coated capillary tubes, a method of performing electrophoresis that utilizes the coated capillary tubes, and a process for preparing the coated capillary tubes.

Abstract: A gel electrophoresis cassette (33) is disclosed which includes two plates (34, 35) and at least one seal (36) which separates these plates. The seal (36) is annular; it may be positioned essentially in the region of the outer edge of the plates (34, 35). For performing an electrophoresis in a second dimension following an isoelectric focusing in an first dimension, one of the plates (34, 35) includes a recess (37) for inserting a strip holder (1) having a base plate (4), which has a carrier surface (2) on which an IEF strip (3) is accommodated. The base plate (4) includes at least one stop (5) offset to a lower level in relation to the carrier surface (2) and a sealing surface (6). The strip holder (1) is insertable into this recess (37) in such a way that the stop (5) of the base plate (4) is applied to the outer surface of the plate (34, 35) and the sealing surface (6) presses tightly against the inner surface (38) of the recess (37).

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process which comprises removing and stripping off part of the display panel in order to expose and connect the conductor lines on an electrode plate to a driver circuitry. More specifically the process involves (1) preparing a display panel having filled display cells sandwiched between a first and a second substrate layers, preferably by a roll-to-roll process; (2) removing part of a first substrate by asymmetrical cutting by, for example, a die, diamond, knife or laser cutting method to expose the layers underneath (which may include adhesive layer, primer layer, display cell layer and in the case of a display prepared by the microcup technology, the microcup layer and the sealing layer); and (3) stripping off the exposed layers by a stripping solvent or solution. After stripping, the conductor lines on the second substrate are exposed and ready for connection to the driver circuitry.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for electro-chemically depositing a metal onto a substrate. The apparatus generally includes a head assembly having a cathode and a wafer holder disposed above the cathode. The apparatus further includes a process kit disposed below the head assembly, the process kit including an electrolyte container configured to receive and maintain a fluid electrolyte therein, and an anode disposed in the electrolyte container. The apparatus further includes a power supply in electrical communication with the cathode and the anode, the power supply being configured to provide a varying amplitude electrical signal to the anode and cathode.

Abstract: Disclosed are copper electroplating solutions, methods for using the solutions and products formed by using such methods and solutions in which the solutions contain copper alkanesulfonate salts and free alkanesulfonic acids, wherein the free acid has a concentration from about 0.05 to about 2.50 M, and which are intended for the metallization of micron-sized dimensioned trenches or vias, through-holes and microvias.

Abstract: This specification discloses a thin-film gas diffusion electrode (GDE) and the method for making the same. The thin-film GDE is formed in a unitary way. A dual-nature porous thin film is used as the substrate. A surface processing is performed to make one surface of the thing film hydrophlic while the other surface hydrophobic. The hydrophlic area serves as the active layer for electrochemical reactions after chemical processing. The hydrophobic area is kept dry to form a smooth gas channel, functioning as a gas diffusion layer. In this method, the thin-film GDE is free from the use of binders and high-temperature high-pressure manufacturing processes.

Abstract: Process for recovering the vanadium present in the chromium ore chromite, as vanadium pentoxide, as a by-product from the vanadium-containing sodium chromate solution produced in the process of preparing sodium chromate and sodium dichromate from said ore, by precipitation of calcium vanadate from the sodium chromate solution, treatment of the precipitate with water and sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, carbon dioxide or sodium carbonate and carbon dioxide, to precipitate calcium carbonate and electrolysis of the solution remaining after separation of the calcium carbonate precipitate, to produce vanadium pentoxide.

Abstract: A method of electrochemically reducing a metal oxide to the metal in an electrochemical cell is disclosed along with the cell. Each of the anode and cathode operate at their respective maximum reaction rates. An electrolyte and an anode at which oxygen can be evolved, and a cathode including a metal oxide to be reduced are included as is a third electrode with independent power supplies connecting the anode and the third electrode and the cathode and the third electrode.

Abstract: An improved electrolysis system having components for separating gases, especially toxic gases produced along with electrolyzed liquids from the respective chambers of the electrolysis cell; for reprocessing and recovering the separated gas/es into useful products; and for treating new or used electrolyzed liquids obtained from the chambers of the electrolysis cell prior to discharge into the environment.

Abstract: A method for treating the surface of an object to be treated and an apparatus thereof, suitably applied, for example, to electrochemical treatment on an object to be treated, capable of avoiding contact between the object and the atmosphere, uniformly activating the surface of the object with precision, obtaining a good precipitation of metal ion, rationally carrying out the supply and discharge of the surface treatment fluid and the treatment solution, attaining effective utilization thereof and prohibiting the discharge of the same to the outside of the system, realizing a reasonable system, enhancing productivity and achieving mass production, rationally and safely carrying out the electrochemical treatment operation, miniaturizing the equipment and achieving the cot reduction, and providing a convenient maintenance.

Abstract: A water treatment process subjects raw water, for instance in a recirculating heat exchange, for instance cooling, system sequentially and immediately to an ion exchange step of a biocide step, the biocide step involving treatment in an electrochemical reactor. The biocide step contacts ion exchange water with a pair of electrodes in the presence of a catalyst, for instance platinum. The process provides efficient avoidance of microorganism build-up and minimises regeneration times. Water flows through inlet (1) downwards through a bed of ion exchange resin in ion exchange unit (2), directly into electrochemical reactor (3) comprising alternating corrugated anodes and cathodes connected by d.c. power supply (4) and out of outlet (5).

Abstract: The inventive biosensor has three electrodes, the first electrode having a retaining area for retaining probe molecules which bind with the macromolecular biopolymers. The second electrode and the third electrode are configured in such a way that the redox process is part of a redox recycling system on said second and third electrodes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a case for holding an eyeglasses care kit of the type comprising a shell for holding an object or objects, such as a cloth and/or a pair of eyeglasses, and a bottle containing a care product. The present invention also provides for a care kit comprising a case such as the one provided for by the present invention, a cloth and a bottle containing a care product, such as a lens cleansing solution.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a a connector having a neck member that is connected to a beverage bag. The connector may have a variety of caps for dispensing the beverage. More specifically, the present invention is directed to a disposable/recyclable baby bottle. The bag in this embodiment holds water in one compartment and baby formula in a second compartment.

Abstract: At least one branched chamber extends and diverges from a side wall of a pouch body. The branched chamber has an optional pouring spout at its distal end to permit the removal of the contents of the pouch. A readily unsealable seal member is optionally included to partition the branched chamber from the pouch body, thus providing a pouch wherein two or more different materials are mixed prior to removal from the pouch. A pouch having this structure provides excellent rupture protection of the readily unsealable seal member caused from, for example, handling, shipping, or dropping of the pouch.

Abstract: A combination compact disc holder and informational booklet comprising a cover and a plurality of pages, the cover and pages being made of substantially rectangular paper sheets, the cover being of heavier stock and including at least one pocket having such size and shape as to retain a compact disc therein, and the pages being of lighter stock and carrying printed information concerning the content of the compact disc stored in the at least one pocket, the pages being folded and sewn along a fold line and the cover being glued to an outer surface of an outermost page.

Abstract: A media storage bin including a floor and a pair of spaced apart walls specifically spaced to receive pieces of media and to retain the pieces of media in a stacked condition. A drop control flap is mounted to an individual one of the spaced walls for delaying the fall of a piece of media into the bin. This wall includes a top surface. A platform for supporting a stack of pieces of media is disposed in the bin, between the wall top surface and the floor. A helical spring is disposed between the platform and the floor for maintaining the top of the media stack at a predetermined distance from the wall top surface to provide thereby a constant fall distance between an individual one of the pieces of media and the wall top surface. This is accomplished in a manner whereby the spring rate enables the platform to drop the thickness of one piece of media for each piece of media added to the top of the stack.

Abstract: A container such as a CD or DVD box with a body portion having two sections (1, 2) connected to each other by a hinge portion (3) and an information display member or label (4) which includes an information layer formed as part of the member (4) is secured by an adhesive or welded bond to one section (1) of the body portion. The information display member (4) extends across the hinge portion (3), with at least the majority thereof being unsecured to the hinge portion (3), and is secured by an adhesive or welded bond to the second section (2) of the body portion.

Abstract: A storage package for a recording medium having a first frame component having at least one side and a first engagement end and a second frame component having at least one side and a second engagement end, each of the first and second frame components configured to hingedly engage each other and at least one of the first and second frame components having at least one side that receives a blank. The blank includes of a plurality of generally planar panels defined by scores which can be slidably inserted into at least one of the receiving portions of the frame components. When the blank is inserted into the first and the second frame components in an engaged position, an enclosable space for placement of a recording medium is formed.

Abstract: The application discloses a load spreader for reinforcing the floor (2) of an air cargo container so generally reducing the deformation of the container and improving its performance. The application also discloses a light weight rigid floor to replace the floor of a conventional aluminium air cargo container.

Abstract: This invention relates to a sleeve for holding one or more digital video discs with a first dimension in a first pocket and the accompanying graphics having a second dimension in a second opposing pocket. The digital video disc is supported in the first pocket by one or more stop seals which elevate the digital video disc to a more accessible position for removal.

Abstract: A cassette 5 with longitudinal and transverse dimensions similar to each other is housed in a cassette storing case which can prevent housing of a cassette into the housing case in an incorrect direction and identify a dedicated cassette storing case corresponding to a cassette, while assuring the function of preventing positional shift during stacking. The cassette storing case 1 includes an indicating portion 15 provided on the top surface 1a of the housing case. The indicating portion 15 has a protrusion-and-recess pattern, similar to a design on the cassette, which indicates a housing direction. The cassette storing case 1 further includes a stopper portion 17, provided on the bottom surface 1b of the housing case, for engaging with part 16 of the indicating portion 15 to regulate positional shift when housing cases are stacked with each other.

Abstract: A cartridge is provided with a case, which accommodates a recording medium at an interior thereof, and a label area, which is surrounded by a rectangular standing wall at an outer face of the case. At one side of the standing wall, a longitudinal direction portion is cut away. Thus, a cut-away portion which is continuous with the label area is provided. The label area is formed at a rear wall, at a rear side in a direction of loading the case into a drive device. The cut-away portion is formed at a substantially central portion, in a longitudinal direction, of an upper side of the standing wall.

Abstract: The present invention provides a wind-up type storage container that can easily wind up and store a small or large item, such as a bag, a flag, a sheet, rainwear, etc. and from which such items can be easily pulled out.

Abstract: A packaging system adapted to provide for the secure retention of one or more individual boxes including: a frame dimensioned to receive the one or more boxes, the frame having inner dimensions configured to co-operate with outer dimensions of the boxes such that when the one or more boxes are positioned within the frame they are held securely therein, the frame being further adapted to provide rigid support about the periphery of the boxes, and a skin adapted to be provided over the frame, the skin covering the frame and the boxes contained therein.

Abstract: A wrap having a wrap opening formed through a portion thereof for wrapping a floral grouping having a bloom end and a stem end. The stem end of the floral grouping is inserted through the wrap opening in the wrap and the wrap is formed about the floral grouping and encompasses a substantial portion of the floral grouping while a portion of the stem end of the floral grouping remains extended through the wrap opening in the wrap.

Abstract: An object is to improve the quality of a packaging container (11), simplify the structure of a packaging container manufacturing apparatus while reducing the cost thereof. The packaging container (11) comprises a container body (12) formed from a packaging material (21), and a cap unit (C) attached to a cap attachment portion of a top wall (13) of the container body (12). The cap unit (C) includes a collar portion (15), a pull tab (17) which covers, from an outer side of the packaging material (21), a discharge opening portion defined on the packaging material to correspond to the cap attachment portion, an inner tape (31) which covers the discharge opening portion from a reverse side of the packaging material (21), and a lid portion (16) which is fitted into the collar portion (15) via the pull tab (17). In this case, since the cap (14) is attached to the packaging material (21) in advance, the cap (14) is not required to be attached to the container body (12) after the container body (12) is positioned.

Abstract: A personal identification method and system for improving personal hygiene in which provision is made for identifying a beverage, food product, or the like, with a particular person so that another person does not inadvertently access the identified item unintentionally. Identifying indicia such as numbers or alphabetical letters are selectable and conditioned by the user to be prominently displayed on the item so as to identify it with the individual involved. For necked beverage containers, in one embodiment, a re-usable snap-on display device, or assembly, is configured to snap onto the neck of the container; in another embodiment, the existing conventional cap-attaching ring is modified to include alpha-numeric indicia and/or to receive a cooperating indicia-indicating display element.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for providing instructions to a person in regard to the contents of a container. In an embodiment, the apparatus includes a ribbon retractably coiled in a container or a container cap. The ribbon, which has instructions on how to use the contents of the container, may be extracted from the cap by a person.

Abstract: A reversible shipping container contains a plurality of panels which can be alternately folded respective mirror image configurations, to alternately reveal or conceal a commercial logo or other visible marking.

Abstract: A child resistant blister pack holder is described that includes (a.) a main housing receiving pocket having an open end for insertion and removal of blister pack; (b.) a locking mechanism adapted to lock onto and hold a blister pack in the main housing to prevent removal thereof; and, (c.) a release mechanism. The release mechanism, which is connected to the locking mechanism, has a first position wherein the locking mechanism is locked onto the blister pack, and a second position wherein the locking mechanism is unlocked from the blister pack. The release mechanism is located, at least in part, on an outside area of the main housing to permit manual movement thereof from the first position to the second position. A spring biases the release mechanism to its first position. In some embodiments, the invention is a system which includes the child resistant blister pack holder and a blister pack that contains a lock engaging section in the form of an orifice, recession or protrusion.

Abstract: An improved package for packaging items especially requiring detailed product information of the type formed by a flat base panel and a plastic bubble secured to the flat based panel and spaced apart there from to accommodate a packaged item there between, which is provided with a lower extendable panel pivotally secured to the bottom edge of the flat base panel having front and rear surfaces for accommodating informational indicia concerning the packaged item, and lock means for locking the lower panel in the closed position against the back wall of the base panel.

Abstract: An integrated stack of individually wrapped flat disposable utensils (e.g., wooden spoons) and methods of forming the same. Preferably, adjacent layers in a stack of individually wrapped flat disposable utensil layers are bonded one to another by means of a removable hot melt pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA). The bond formed by the adhesive is such that the entire stack of layers forming the package is integrated in a manner whereby the bonds physically support the weight of the stack without separating. Such a bond, however, is releasable in that a user may exert sufficient force to separate one layer, or an individual one of the wrapped utensils in the layer, from another.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a packaged product comprising flexible liquid-filled pouches and an outer container for containing the liquid-filled pouches; wherein the outer container contains a plurality of flexible liquid-filled pouches whereby at least two or more of the flexible liquid-filled pouches are in mutual contact, and in that the outer container further comprises means for avoiding or minimizing rupture of the flexible liquid-filled pouches when the outer container is subject to shock.

Abstract: The present invention features a storage container having a lever-actuated rod and piston mechanism that extracts air from inside the interior chamber, thus creating a vacuum state. This vacuum state is desirable for the fresher storage of many air sensitive materials, including perishable food items and other goods. The opening to the chamber is sealed with an air-sealing cover in order to retain a state of vacuum in the chamber once the interior chamber has achieved a vacuum state.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for providing instructions to a person in regard to the contents of a container. In an embodiment, the apparatus includes a ribbon retractably coiled in a container or a container cap. The ribbon, which has instructions on how to use the contents of the container, may be extracted from the cap by a person.

Abstract: A dual function portable computer bag serves its conventional function as a carrying device for a portable computer and associated accessories and also serves an additional function as an ergonomically appropriate padded back support for a user thereby converting a conventional chair and table into an ergonomically appropriate and comfortable workstation for a portable computer user.

Abstract: A wafer guide used in cleaning and/or drying processes of semiconductor wafers is provided. The wafer guide includes a horizontal support panel and at least three vertical panels attached on one surface of the support panel. Each of the vertical panels has a vertical body panel and a plurality of protrusions upwardly extended from a top surface of the vertical body panel. Gap regions between the protrusions act as slots for holding wafers. Sidewalls of the slots have a convex shaped profile when viewed from a top view, and bottom surfaces of the slots also have a convex shaped profile when viewed from a cross sectional view that crosses the vertical panels. Accordingly, contact areas between the wafers and the wafer guide are reduced to improve a drying efficiency of the wafers.

Abstract: The present invention includes a packaged coated workpiece. The packaged coated workpiece has: (1) a workpiece coated with a resist film sensitive to optical radiation, particulates or chemical contaminants; (2) an inner barrier sealed to enclose the coated workpiece and optionally a first getter agent, to produce a sealed first enclosure; and (3) an outer barrier sealed to enclose the sealed first enclosure and optionally a second getter agent, provided that the packaged coated workpiece has at least one getter agent, to produce a packaged coated workpiece suitable for storage for a period of at least one week without substantial loss of sensitivity, resolution or performance. The present invention also includes a process for preparing a packaged coated workpiece and a method of increasing the storage time of a coated workpiece to at least one week without substantial loss of sensitivity, resolution or performance.

Abstract: A clear plastic package for securing and displaying articles of commerce includes a bottom piece having a generally flat rectangular configuration including an upper surface, a perimeter edge, a front wall pivotally attached to the front end of the bottom piece, and a rear wall pivotally attached to the rear end, each end wall having a latching lip portion.

Abstract: A process to prepare a lubricating base oil and a gas oil by

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved hydrocracking process, of hydrocarbon charges, in two-stages with intermediate separation, in which the second-stage of hydrocracking is carried out in the presence of an added nitrogen content which is greater than 110 ppm by weight.

Abstract: A process for hydroprocessing a hydrocarbon feed comprising the steps of