Abstract: A terminated coaxial connector having a mating end for mating with a coaxial jack, the connector including an axially aligned resistor mounted within a conductive outer shell. The resistor electrically links the outer shell with a center conductor which is connected to a first end of the resistor through a conductive rear plug which is connected to a second end of the resistor. The center conductor and the rear plug hold the resistor axially aligned within the outer shell. Further, a method of assembling a terminated coaxial connector having a mating end for mating with a coaxial jack so that a resistor within the connector is held axially aligned within an outer shell by a rear plug. The resistor is physically and electrically linked to the center conductor and the outer shell through the conductive rear plug and provides a level of impedance within the coaxial connector.

Abstract: An electrical connector having a laminate structure and multiple parallel grooves is described. The laminate structure is electrically conductive and is coated with an electrically non-conductive material. Each groove has a signal carrying path electrically insulated from the electrically conductive portion of the laminate structure, which is advantageously surrounded by the laminate structure, thereby forming a type of Faraday cage around the signal carrying path and creating a completely shielded electrical path.

Abstract: A versatile plug which prevents signal and ground wires in pairs from being connected in reversed polarity; prevents short circuits occurring in adjacent lead wires; facilitates lead wire connecting operation; and which allows connection of lead wires of different types, has a pair of plug-side contact terminals contacted by a pair of apparatus-side terminals; a plug housing having an asymmetrical profile in conformity with a configuration of an apparatus-side connection recess; and a clamp detachably attached to each of the lead wires. By inserting the plug into the connection recess, the paired lead wires can be electrically connected to the paired apparatus-side terminals. Since the plug housing has an asymmetrical configuration, no reversed polarity connection occurs. A lead wire of any given thickness can be connected to the plug-side contact terminal by clamping with the clamp.

Abstract: A clamping structure for continuous terminals is easy for assembling and has alignment effect so that not only the cost for processing such as electroplating is reduced but the terminals during automatic assembling process is well protected and aligned. The quality of continuous terminals is improved. The invention features in that: a holding plate with a plurality of strip hole, whose cross-section is reverse U-shaped, formed by pressing is disposed on one end of a plurality of wires. The wires have two stoppers on the position corresponding to two ends of the strip hole so as to fix each wire firmly after the wire is mounted into the strip hole. A projecting point is pressed on each of two inner sides of the strip hole so as to position the wires vertically.

Abstract: A watercraft includes an engine having a fuel injection system. The fuel injection system is controlled to gradually reduce a speed of the engine if a lubrication pressure detected within the engine is below a predetermined pressure. Additionally, the fuel injection system is controlled to maintain a reduced engine speed until the throttle lever is moved to a position corresponding to a lower speed.

Abstract: Amphibious vehicle power train 10 comprises a prime mover 12, transfer drive 14, transmission 16, and differential 17. A marine drive power take-off (PTO) comprises chain, belt, or gear drive, and optional decoupler 22. Rotational axis 65 of marine drive shaft 64 and impeller shaft 66 of centrifugal pump 68 are substantially perpendicular to longitudinal vehicle axis 11. The driven road wheels may be the rear wheels. Alternative embodiments comprise PTO drive from differential 17 (FIG. 3); from the crankshaft timing end (80, FIG. 4); or by a sandwich PTO between engine and transmission (56, FIG. 5). FIG. 6 shows PTO's from the gearbox of a motorcycle type power train, driving centrifugal pump 102 and differential 90. At least one further decoupler may be provided in wheel driveshafts 23, 25, to disconnect drive thereto while the amphibian is used in marine mode. The prime mover 12 may be an engine or may be an electric motor.

Abstract: A pedal driven aquatic propulsion system comprises a driven sprocket located substantially vertically beneath a drive sprocket. The planes of rotation of the drive and driven sprockets are disposed substantially at right angles to one another. An endless chain drive transmits power from the drive sprocket to the driven sprocket, operating in a twisting three-dimensional orientation as it loops around the sprockets. A pivoting, self tensioning idler arm is adjustably mounted on a frame that encloses the propulsion drive, and comprises an idler sprocket disposed in rotatable contact with the chain drive to maintain the chain under constant tension. The plane of rotation of the idler sprocket is tilted and offset from the planes of rotation of the drive and driven sprockets. The constantly tensioning system comprises a series of stationary and flying idlers aligned to the natural twist of the chain.

Abstract: The present application is a method and apparatus for moving and steering a vessel traveling in water. The arrangement for moving and steering a vessel includes a propulsion unit having a chamber positioned outside the vessel equipment for rotating a propeller arranged in connection with the chamber, and a shaft means connected to the chamber for supporting the chamber in a rotatable manner at the hull of the vessel. At least one hydraulic motor if used for turning the shaft means in relation to the hull of the vessel for steering the vessel. The arrangement also includes a means for altering the rotational displacement of the hydraulic engine.

Abstract: A bracket assembly for securing an engine mount vibration isolator and for mounting an inboard engine on an engine support platform having stringers, the bracket assembly having an L-shaped member. A back-up plate sandwiches the stringer in between the L-shaped member and it. Longitudinal slots in the vertical leg and back-up plate provide for fore-aft adjustment and transverse slots in the horizontal leg provides for side to side adjustment. A horizontal plate with corresponding transverse slots is in a face to face relationship with either side of the horizontal leg of the L-shaped member. The horizontal plate has two recessed portions for insertion of a washer, each aligned with the corresponding transverse slot in the horizontal plate. The slots in the horizontal plate also serve to prevent the head of the fastening bolt or nut from rotating. Spacer plates are also available for height adjustment.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed to design resilient hydrofoils (164) which are capable of having substantially similar large scale blade deflections under significantly varying loads. The methods permit the hydrofoil (164) to experience significantly large-scale deflections to a significantly reduced angle of attack under a relatively light load while avoiding excessive degrees of deflection under increased loading conditions. A predetermined compression range on the lee portion of said hydrofoil (164) permits the hydrofoil (164) to deflect to a predetermined reduced angle of attack with significantly low bending resistance.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing bodyboards and surfboards and the article of manufacture resulting therefrom. The method includes cutting a board form a block to a predetermined shape and dimensions. For surfboards, a spine member is longitudinally mounted between the two halves of the board. Reinforcement members are mounted longitudinally and transversally along the board blanks. Then, a sheath member is prepared and the block is received therein when the former is expanded. Subsequently, the sheath is contracted by cooling it down. The trapped air is flushed out and folds eliminated.

Abstract: The floatation garment, in particular a lifejacket or an immersion suit, comprises at least one elastic layer (1) shaped to fit at least around the torso of a wearer and to stretch to an extent between a minimum and a maximum depending on the size of the wearer. To provide thermal insulation, it moreover comprises a plurality of thermally insulating panels (23-28), in particularly foam panels, which are attached with respect to the elastic layer (1) and/or with respect to one another such that they slidably overlap one another. In this way, the garment fits to persons of different size and keeps its thermal insulation notwithstanding the fact that the thermally insulating foam panels are not or not sufficiently elastic.

Abstract: A method for controlling gap widths of a cell gap of an LCD panel and a relevant apparatus are provided. When a front substrate and a rear substrate of an LCD panel are being pressed to combine together before a sealant between hardens, gap widths at several measured points located on the front or rear substrate are monitored to provide a reference for modifying a parameter distribution, thereby fine-tuning the gap widths. Therefore, gap widths, equivalent to the uniformity of the cell gap, can meet the manufacturer's requirement, and LCD panel yields are increased.

Abstract: A method for adjusting characteristics of an electron source having a plurality of electron-emitting devices, and a method for manufacturing the electron source include the step of applying a pulse of a voltage for adjustment to an electron-emitting device to be adjusted one or more times according to a characteristic of the electron-emitting device, wherein the voltage for adjustment is selected from a plurality of voltages having discrete values according to the characteristic of the electron-emitting device, and a number of applying times of the pulse is determined according to the characteristic of the electron-emitting device and the selected voltage.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of an electroluminescence element of is provided, which causes a light emitting layer to emit light by applying a desired voltage between an anode and a cathode, with the light emitting layer in between, and obtains visible rays by wavelength-converting the emitted light using color changing media formed in individual pixel regions. The method consists of forming a partitioning member having openings corresponding to the pixel regions on a substrate, discharging color changing media precursors into the openings using a liquid drop discharge head, and forming the color changing media by solidifying the color changing media precursors discharged onto the substrate. With this method, it is possible to discharge the color changing media precursors while adjusting the doping ratio of color changing constituents of the color changing media precursors on the spot, thus making it easier to adjust color of the color changing media.

Abstract: A tool and a method for positioning spacers on a first plate intended for being maintained at a distance from a second plate by said spacers, said tool including openings for receiving said spacers, and said openings being of variable size between a first position of introduction of the spacers and a second position of mechanical blocking of the spacers.

Abstract: A discharge inhibiting film is formed in an area corresponding to a space defined between adjacent electrode pairs on a surface of a cathode film of a front panel. The discharge inhibiting film is formed by a process using a paste, such as a printing process. The paste comprises, for example, a kneaded mixture of: (a) a powder of discharge inhibiting material such as TiO2 and Al2O3; (b) a glass powder such as PbO; (c) a resin such as ethyl cellulose; and (d) an organic solvent such as terpineol. The powders used here are not greater than 1 &mgr;m in average particle size. Further, for example, the viscosity of the paste is controlled to, e.g., 30 to 100 Pa·s. Such a paste is printed, dried and fired to produce the discharge inhibiting film.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for stabilizing the threshold voltage in an active matrix field emission device. The method includes the formation of radiation-blocking elements between a cathodoluminescent display screen of the FED and semiconductor junctions formed on a baseplate of the FED.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an image forming apparatus having an envelope made of members inclusive of a first substrate and a second substrate disposed at a space being set therebetween, image forming means and spacers disposed in the envelope, the spacers maintaining the space, the method comprising the steps of forming a spacer having a desired shape by cutting a spacer base member, and abutting the spacer upon the first and second substrates at non-cut surfaces of the spacer.

Abstract: A structure and a fabrication method of a flat panel display comprising address lines with mending layers. A first address line and a first mending layer are formed on a substrate. The first mending layer and the first address line are electrically insulated with each other, and the first mending layer is partitioned into different segments by the first address line. A first insulating layer is formed over the substrate to cover at least the first mending layer and the first address line. A second address line is formed on the first insulating layer over the first mending layer and crossing the first address line. A second insulating layer is formed over the substrate to cover at least the second address line. A second mending layer is formed on the second insulating layer over the second address line and crossing the first address line.

Abstract: The invention is a character object comprising an artistic layer formed of a sheet material. The artistic layer includes a torso having a plurality of articulation points and a plurality of appendages. Each appendage is pivotally connected to the torso at one of the torso articulation points such that each appendage may be pivoted with respect to the torso. At least one magnet is fixed to the artistic layer.

Abstract: A pipe electropolishing system (10, 10a) for in place polishing of a pipe (28) has provision for detecting the instant position of a cathode (14) within the pipe (28) such as cable marks (52) and cable mark sensor (50), an infrared camera (60), heat sensing crayon marks (64), thermisters (66), and capacitance sensors (68), used individually or in combination. According to the inventive in place electropolishing method (80) when it is determined that the cathode is in a nonuniform portion (70) of the pipe (28), then increased polishing action is provided as by increasing the voltage using a variable power supply (30a) and/or by slowing down the progress of the cathode (14) using a variable speed cable puller (18).

Abstract: The polishing of a layer of boro-phosphate-silicate-glass (BPSG) is not easy to control as a result of CMP slurry chemistry effects, the doping concentration of the layer of BPSG and the heat treatment to which the layer of BPSG has been submitted prior to the process of CMP. The invention has developed a CMP endpoint detection mode that minimizes variations of the process of CMP of a layer of BPSG by these factors. An endpoint detection algorithm has been developed, which has been applied and has proven to significantly improve a statistical measure, which reflects the process deviation from the process mean for the process of CMP of a layer of BPSG.

Abstract: An apparatus for applying a wafer to a polishing belt during a CMP operation includes a spindle having an upper end and a lower end. A wafer carrier is coupled to the lower end of the spindle. A linear force generator is disposed at the upper end of the spindle. A load cell is positioned between the linear force generator and the upper end of the spindle. A controller is coupled to the load cell for controlling the force applied by the linear force generator. A method for applying downward force on a wafer during CMP also is described.

Abstract: A device is disclosed for edge-machining an optical lens, clampable between two aligned holding shafts rotatable about the rotational axis of a workpiece, having a Z slide, which is guided longitudinally displaceably on a base frame in a Z direction parallel to the rotational axis of the workpiece, and an X slide bearing a tool post with an edge-machining tool, which is guided longitudinally displaceably on the Z slide in an X direction perpendicular to the Z direction in such a way that the edge-machining tool may be brought into machining engagement with the optical lens. For industrial use, the base frame is of substantially O-shaped construction and surrounds the Z slide, wherein the Z slide is likewise of substantially O-shaped construction and surrounds the X slide.

Abstract: A clamping wafer holder for chemical-mechanical planarization (“CMP”) machines is provided. It comprises a plate having a surface for receiving on it the wafer, and a retainer around the surface. The retainer includes at least two jaws shaped and arranged such that they define a recess with the surface. The wafer is placed in the recess. An actuator is coupled with the retainer and adjusts it from an open position where the jaws are separated from each other, to a closed position where the jaws clamp an edge portion of the wafer. When the retainer is in the closed position the jaws preferably contact each other and define a continuous cylindrical inner surface. The surface can have a stopper that engages a flat zone of a wafer. Where the shape of the jaws does not match exactly the periphery of the wafer, elastic inserts are mounted on the jaws. A vacuum source is coupled with the plate, to hold the wafer in the holder during reorientation.

Abstract: A wafer polishing apparatus for polishing a semiconductor wafer. The polisher comprises a base, a turntable, a polishing pad and a head drive mechanism for driven rotation of a polishing head. The polishing head comprises a sealing ring adapted to hold at least one wafer for engaging a front surface of the wafer with a work surface of the polishing pad. The sealing ring allows for application of uniform air pressure over the rear surface of the wafer. The sealing ring is constructed so that the wafer itself defines a portion of a pressure cavity receiving pressurized air.

Abstract: A polishing apparatus includes a polishing pad rotated by a surface plate rotating shaft about a surface plate axis, a slurry conduit supplying slurry to an upper surface of the polishing pad, a substrate holding mechanism holding a substrate, a substrate rotating shaft rotating the substrate holding mechanism about a substrate axis, and a rotating mechanism rotating the substrate axis or the surface plate axis about an eccentric axis. The angular velocity of rotation about the eccentric axis is set larger than the angular velocity of rotation about the substrate axis or the surface plate axis. Thus, the effective contact area between a small area on the substrate and the polishing pad is increased, biased wear of abrasive grains on the polishing pad is prevented, clogging of the polishing pad is suppressed, and new abrasive grains and new chemicals can be supplied with high efficiency to each area of the substrate. Thus, the polishing rate is improved.

Abstract: A grinding wheel (28) that rotates around an axis and that has a working area consisting of an annular surface with a circular arc profile in axial cross section is used to first generate a surface on a cutting blade (22) by grinding with the annular surface during a first orientation in space between the grinding wheel (28) and the cutting blade (22) by means of at least one first relative translational movement between the same, and subsequently at least one part of the generated surface is reground with the annular surface during a second orientation in space between the grinding wheel (28) and the cutting blade (22) by means of at least one second relative translational movement between the same. The grinding wheel (28) is a diamond cup-type grinding wheel. One part (34′) of the working area (34) is located in a face area and another part (34″) is located in a cylinder area of the grinding wheel (28).

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods for planarizing a microelectronic-device substrate assembly on a planarizing pad. In one aspect of the invention, material is removed from the substrate assembly by pressing the substrate assembly against a planarizing surface of a planarizing pad and moving the substrate assembly across the planarizing surface through a planarizing zone. The method also includes replacing at least a portion of a used volume of planarizing solution on the planarizing surface with fresh planarizing solution during the planarization cycle of a single substrate assembly. The used planarizing solution can be replaced with fresh planarizing solution by actively removing the used planarizing solution from the pad with a removing unit and depositing fresh planarizing solution onto the pad in the planarizing zone.

Abstract: A portable, self-contained sand blaster including a cabinet and accessory end caps. The caps include a solid end wall, an extension box for treating larger parts in the cabinet, a softboot with drawstring closure affixed about parts to be treated, and a softboot with a magnetic opening for attachment to rusted, relatively flat surfaces. The base is wheeled and has controls, a vacuum for dust, a sand supply, and a blast cabinet on top; the base includes connectors for hookup to electric power and a source of compressed air. A media filter screens out rust particles form the media.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a mechanism for effectively discharging debris produced when a substrate is polished by a bonded-abrasive element, and a polishing apparatus. According to the present invention, a polishing apparatus presses a surface of a substrate against a bonded-abrasive surface and moves the surface to be polished and the bonded-abrasive surface relative to each other to polish the surface. A mechanism is provided for discharging debris produced on the bonded-abrasive surface when the surface to be polished is polished.

Abstract: An apparatus for improving performance of a wafer polishing apparatus is described. The apparatus includes a platen in a support assembly having a plurality of fluid channels and at least one region of altered topography positioned on a portion of the platen surface.

Abstract: A bifurcated hose junction is provided for a pole mounted abrading device with vacuum assisted particulate removal. The junction is actuated by the movement of the sanding pad assembly. When a. short side of the rectangular sanding pad assembly is moved toward the tubular handle, the bifurcated hose junction is displaced laterally in relation to the linear axis of the handle. When a long side of the sanding pad assembly is moved toward the tubular handle, the bifurcated hose junction rotates in place, thereby allowing the sanding pad a comprehensive range of motion, in relation to the handle. The range of motion enables the operator to close the angle between sanding pad and the handle, and maintain planar contact between the sanding screen and the work surface, when working in constricted areas.

Abstract: A polishing pad having a body comprising fibers embedded in a matrix polymer formed by a reaction of polymer precursors. The fibers define interstices, and the precursors fill these interstices substantially completely before completion of the reaction. The pad may include a thin layer of free fibers at its polishing surface. A segment of at least a portion of the free fibers are embedded in the adjacent body of the polymer and fibers. The fibers may be separate, or in the form of a woven or non-woven web.

Abstract: A grinding wheel fixture (S) for the accommodation of a dressable grinding wheel (5) is provided with an annular groove (6, 6′, 8) for the accommodation of balancing lugs (9, 10), the balancing lugs (9, 10) being for manual balancing purposes displaceable and fixable within the annular groove (6, 6′, 8) with respect to their angular position. The balancing lugs (9, 10) are divisible into at least two groups, the groups being displaceable and fixable in any desirable angular position independent of each other. The grinding wheel fixture permits a simple, quick, and nevertheless highly exact dynamic balancing, whereby repeated re-measurement and repeated correction are no longer necessary.

Abstract: A backing plate for an abrasive flap wheel has a sunk inner part and an outer flange. The sunk inner part has a hub which is provided with a location hole having an internal thread. The internal thread serves to fasten the backing wheel to the threaded shaft of a driving machine.

Abstract: An electrical stunning device (10) to stun and immobilize an animal includes a first contact tip (15) and a second contact tip (23) to contact the animal. The first contact tip (15) is operatively connected to a first voltage wire (47) and the second contact tip (23) is operatively connected to a second voltage wire (46). The second contact tip (23) is pivotable to activate a proximity switch (43), which closes the circuit and allows voltage to be applied to the first contact tip (15) via the first voltage wire (47) and the second contact tip (23) via the second voltage wire (46) to stun the animal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a novel method and system for dehairing an animal, providing a system for recycling and safely disposing of chemical and biological wastes produced during such dehairing method. Included in such method are processes for handling sodium production in waste materials, reducing and handling production of H2S, removing sulfides from animal hides, safely disposing of sulfide waste, removing solids from the waste materials, and reducing water and reagent use and disposal.

Abstract: A conveyor with a channel for receiving a bone and surrounding meat of poultry parts and advancing them into engagement with a blade assembly. The blade assembly has a notch that separates the poultry parts into spare rib-type products and boneless meat patties. The blade assembly may have two ramps for lifting sides of the poultry part to permit cutting the meat above the bone and below the side portions. Additionally, a method is disclosed for separating the poultry parts into the spare rib-type products and the boneless meat patties.

Abstract: Two tubular steel frames welded together to make a triangular shaped gambrel. One frame being bent at a 90 degree angle and welded to a straight second frame which is straight. The welding is completed in way so that a hole is defined at each end of the lower member. A cable is inserted through the entire length of the bent frame. Two loops are then defined on each of the left and right sides of the frame and are slidably secured to the lower frame member by a cable ferrule. As the animals' limbs are placed in each loop of the cable, the weight of the animal itself tightens the top loop, or cable thimble, which in turn tightens the bottom two loops of the cable. This tightening allows the body of the animal to remain in air for cleaning and dressing the animal.

Abstract: A series of staggered, overlapping coin carousels with coin stalls that receive coins, drive motors that operate to rotate the carousels and position the coin stalls so that the coins can be transferred between the carousels, and coin transfer mechanisms with gates that operate to move the coins between the carousels. An electronic controller is programmed to keep track of the positions and values of the coins in the coin stalls, and to determine and operate the appropriate drive motors and transfer gates for transferring coins between the carousels and for returning change.

Abstract: A ventilation system and method for venting a cockpit of a power boat is disclosed herein. The ventilation system comprises a windshield extending from a foredeck of the powerboat, a cockpit cover at least covering the cockpit and a frame. A cockpit vent comprises a frame defining at least one aperature for introducing ambient air into the cockpit. The frame is disposed between the windshield and cockpit cover and includes a windshield engagement member and a cover engagement member spaced from the windshield engagement member.

Abstract: The portable ventilating system of the invention includes a base adapted for being towed behind a prime mover, ground engaging apparatus for supporting the base frame in a manner permitting movement of the base over the ground, a fan assembly mounted on the base and having an impeller for creating an air flow, and power transfer apparatus for rotating the impeller of the fan assembly. The power transfer apparatus is connectable to and drivable by a power take off apparatus of the prime mover.

Abstract: A harvesting unit for graff (a mixture including grain, chaff and weed seeds). The unit includes a wheeled harvester body and a harvesting header. A threshing unit is provided to separate stalks from graff and a tank is provided for storing the graff. The tank has a rear well and a floor provided with a elements that move the graff to the well. A graff collection bed is provided beneath the threshing unit and has a transverse collection trough. Augers in the trough move the graff laterally and graff elevators lift on each side of the storage tank lift the graff to the storage tank.

Abstract: Information is gathered about movements of a person, which could be an adult or child. This information is mapped to one or more game controller commands. The game controller commands are coupled to a videogame, and the videogame responds to the game controller commands as it would normally.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for providing the player of an electronically-controlled gaming device with greater control of selected parameters of the game. The value or frequency of occurrence of selected game elements or combinations of elements may be ranked or re-ranked from preset orders and/or values by a player of the gaming device to accommodate individual preferences as to winning elements or combinations of elements. The association and size of award payouts with certain elements or combinations may be varied. The microprocessor or other programmed controller for the gaming device automatically adjusts other parameters of the game in response to player input or adjustment of selected parameters to maintain a selected house advantage for the gaming device.

Abstract: The present invention provides a mechanical display and indication for gaming devices and includes various embodiments, each of which have a number of elements in common. First, the embodiments each include a rotating set of symbols or indicia. Second, each of the embodiments includes a translating indicator, such as an arrow. The symbols rotate, appear and disappear from the player's view. In this manner, the player sees each of the symbols and hopes that the gaming device awards the symbol having the highest or best value. The one or more indicators move in a sequence to point out or indicate one of the symbols or one of the groups of symbols. The indicators provide a second random, visual element to the outcome, wherein the player's attention must account for both, the changing symbols and the moving indicators. The symbol eventually indicated produces, at least in part, a game outcome.

Abstract: A jackpot system used in casinos for allocating the wins from at least one jackpot to players playing at a plurality of gaming positions. The gaming positions are associated with a computer network including a computing engine having a memory for receiving inputs from the gaming positions and at least one output for communicating information to the players. At least one paytable is stored in that memory or in another memory associated with the computer network. The paytable can be configured by an operator and has a plurality of possible winning entries and wins associated with the winning entries. A selection generator is triggered at least once, via the computer network, by a trigger input generated in response to the playing of each game of a group of selected games to generate a selection.

Abstract: A system automatically monitors playing and wagering of a game. A chip tray reader automatically images the contents of a chip tray, to periodically determine the number and value of chips in the chip tray, and to compare the change in contents of the chip tray to the outcome of game play for verifying that the proper amounts have been paid out and collected. A table monitor automatically images the activity occurring at a gaming table. Periodic comparison of the images identify wagering, as well as the appearance, removal and position of cards and other game objects on the gaming table. The system can produce measurements relevant to providing automated security, real-time accounting and providing a basis for automatically allocating complimentary player benefits.