Abstract: The invention concerns an optical resonant frequency converter comprising two mirrors and a non-linear crystal in a ring resonator arrangement for converting laser radiation into frequency-doubled radiation. Because of the refractive effect of the prism-shaped, non-linear crystal two mirrors are sufficient to form a ring resonator with a total of three optical elements. A suitable choice of the orientation of the crystal axes in relation to the laser beam direction reduces scatter in the crystal. In one embodiment the entry surface of the crystal is at the Brewster angle while the exit surface is perpendicular to the beam and has an antireflection coating. In another embodiment the converted beam is coupled out through a polarisation beam splitter layer on one of the crystal surfaces. In a further embodiment the crystal surfaces are cylindrically curved. That produces an elliptical beam profile in the crystal, which reduces the walk-off effect.

Abstract: A tunable optoelectronic device comprising: a resonant grating filter exhibiting at least one filtering characteristic as electromagnetic radiation impinges thereupon; at least one dielectric material coupling said radiation onto said resonant grating filter and movably positioned with respect to said filter so as to adjust the at least one filtering characteristic of said filter; and, at least one driving circuit for selectively positioning said at least one dielectric material so as to tune said at least one filtering characteristic.

Abstract: Described are optical devices called retro-reflective etalon filter and wide tunable semiconductor lasers using the retro-reflective etalon filter. The reflection optical spectrum of the retro-reflective etalon has the double-pass transmission characteristic of the etalon used within the retro-reflective etalon. The retro-reflective etalon(s) can be used as the reflective end mirror(s) of the wide tunable semiconductor laser. The retro-reflective etalon also can act as the wavelength locker of the laser. The proposed retro-reflective etalon is easy to be manufactured and the wide tunable semiconductor lasers are easy to be implemented by using the retro-reflective etalon.

Abstract: A method in which thermal mass and manufacturing differences are compensated for in thermometry probes by storing characteristic data relating to individual probes into an EEPROM for each probe which is used by the temperature apparatus.

Abstract: A digital integrated circuit temperature sensor comprising an analog-to-digital converter providing a binary word representative of a temperature internal to the integrated circuit, and a circuit for providing an analog voltage representative of the circuit temperature and for generating a reference voltage for the analog-to-digital converter. The present invention especially applies to the testing of integrated circuits and to the control of their frequency and/or of their operating temperature according to their internal temperature.

Abstract: An apparatus to determine if a temperature of an electronic device is equal to or exceeds a predetermined threshold. In response to detecting the temperature of the electronic device has at least reached the predetermined threshold, determining a target throttling point for a processor, the target throttling point including a target operating frequency and target operating voltage. Thereafter, dynamically changing a current operating point for the electronic device including a current operating frequency and a current operating voltage by non-contemporaneously changing the current operating frequency to the target operating frequency and the current operating voltage to the target operating voltage. During the changing of the current operating voltage the device is in an active state.

Abstract: Apparatus for monitoring the temperature of a high voltage conductor includes an electrically and thermally conductive fixture for attachment to a high voltage conductor, and a high voltage insulator having a high voltage end and a reference potential end. The insulator is connected at the high voltage end to the fixture. The insulator contains a fiber optic cable in a fiber optic cable passageway from the reference potential end to the high voltage end. The cable extends beyond the insulator. An optical temperature sensor head is optically coupled to the cable the high voltage end. The sensor head includes a sensor crystal which transmits light that varies with temperature of the sensor crystal. An electrically and thermally conductive enclosure enclosing the sensor head is supported in the fixture for thermally conductive contact with the high voltage conductor effective to couple the temperature of the high voltage conductor to the sensor crystal.

Abstract: In accordance with one aspect of the disclosure, a method of sensing the temperature of a molten metal vehicle is provided. In one exemplary embodiment, the method includes utilizing at least one thermal imager located to the side of the molten metal during the dispensing of the molten metal and capturing at least one thermal image for determining the rotational position of the molten metal vehicle by calculating an area of the molten metal.

Abstract: A thermosensitive recording material has a support and a thermosensitive coloring layer formed thereon containing a leuco dye and a color developer capable of inducing color formation in the leuco dye upon application of heat thereto, with the color developer including at least one compound (A) having in a molecule thereof at least two aromatic ring moieties with specific structures, selected from the group consisting of an aromatic ring moiety having at least one carboxyl group and electron-attracting functional group, an aromatic ring moiety having at least one carboxyl group and electron-donating functional group, and an aromatic ring moiety having at least one carboxyl group, free of the electron-attracting and electron-donating functional groups. An aromatic carboxylic acid compound serving as the above-mentioned compound (A) and the producing method thereof are also disclosed.

Abstract: A temperature measuring apparatus includes a releasable probe chamber for housing a thermometry probe in which the chamber is isolated from the remainder of the thermometry apparatus. Preferably, the probe chamber is releasably attached to the apparatus and causes engagement or disengagement of at least one control switch of the apparatus depending on whether a probe is being removed or inserted into the probe chamber.

Abstract: A temperature measuring sensor is incorporated in a substrate of a semiconductor device to measure a temperature of the substrate. The sensor has a diode formed in the substrate, and a resistor formed in the substrate and connected to the diode in series. When a first forward constant current is supplied to the diode through the resistor, a potential difference VA1 is produced between terminal ends of both the diode and the resistor connected in series, and a potential difference VF1 is produced between terminal ends of the diode. When a second forward constant current is supplied to the diode through the resistor, a potential difference VA2 is produced between the terminal ends of both the diode and the resistor connected in series, and a potential difference VF2 is produced between the terminal ends of the diode.

Abstract: A temperature probe for use in a medical thermometer. The temperature probe includes a probe body and a hollow tip member secured to the probe body. The hollow tip member further has a thermal contact surface. The thermal sensor is mounted on the inside of the thermal contact surface so as to sense the temperature of the thermal contact surface and produce a temperature signal. Wires are connected to the thermal sensor to pass the temperature signal. Specifically, each of the wires have at least a portion bonded to the inside of the thermal contact surface, thereby allowing the wires to reach thermal equilibrium quickly.

Abstract: A comparator circuit of a temperature sensor includes an output node and a variable current node. The output node is a first voltage at a given temperature when a current at the variable current node is less than a threshold current, and a different second voltage at the given temperature when the current at the variable current node is more than the threshold current. A variable resistance circuit includes at least n resistors of different resistive values connected in series between the variable current node of the comparator and a supply voltage, where n is an integer of 4 or more. A switching circuit is provided to selectively bypasses individual ones of the n resistors during a test sequence to determine a trip temperature of the sensor.

Abstract: A base station including a transmitting and receiving amplifier for amplifying CDMA signals exchanged with a mobile station; a radio stage connected to the transmitting and receiving amplifier for carrying out D/A conversion of a transmitted signal that undergoes baseband spreading, followed by quadrature modulation, and for carrying out quasi-coherent detection of a received signal, followed by A/D conversion; a baseband signal processor connected with the radio stage for carrying out baseband signal processing of the transmitted signal and the received signal; a transmission interface connected with the baseband signal processor for implementing interface with external channels; and a base station controller for carrying out control such as management of radio channels and establishment and release of the radio channels. The base station communicates with the external channels by mapping logical channels into physical channels. The CDMA signals are spread using a short code and a long code.

Abstract: A communication device includes at least one of path search means for detecting respective timings of path components included a signal received via a multipath propagation path using pilot symbols of a known phase included in said received signal and channel estimation means for estimating channel variation using the pilot symbols. The path search means includes a first path search part for detecting respective timings of path components using pilot symbols and a second path search part for detecting respective timings of path components using information symbols derived from a signal demodulated according to the timings detected in the first path search part and pilot symbols. The channel estimation means includes a pilot symbol acquiring part for acquiring pilot symbols included in the received signal and a channel estimation part for implementing channel estimation using the acquired pilot symbols.

Abstract: With the object of efficiently transmitting a variety of different information signals by utilizing the multi-carrier characteristics of Multi-carrier/DS-CDMA, the present invention is characterized in that, when, in an uplink transmission from a plurality of mobile stations to a base station, the mobile stations transmit a preamble to the base station before transmitting an information symbol sequence, the mobile stations individually select a carrier from among a plurality of carriers, and, up until receiving a preamble receipt confirmation signal from the base station with a prescribed maximum number of preamble transmissions serving as an upper limit number; the mobile stations repeatedly transmit a preamble by means of the selected carrier and vary the transmission power used for the transmissions of each carrier.

Abstract: A device (100) and method (700) for creating a spread spectrum signal by providing a complementary code spreading signal (740) having an auto-correlation function of zero, for any non-zero offset, at integer multiples of a selected time interval. The method includes modulating (750) a data stream with the complementary code spreading signal to provide the spread spectrum signal.

Abstract: A method of code phase correlation and apparatus (10 to 15) implementing the same is disclosed, the method comprising the steps of (a) receiving a subject signal comprising a target pseudorandom noise code; (b) generating early and late replica code signals corresponding to the target code; (c) correlating the subject signal with the early and late replica code signals and returning respective early and late correlation values; and (d) calculating a code phase discriminator for determining whether the target code has been acquired as a function of the sum of the early and late correlation values.

Abstract: A modified fully digital pseudonoise code tracking loop is proposed in this invention for direct-sequence spread-spectrum communication. By taking advantage of the inherent diversity, a modified code tracking loop is embedded into a RAKE receiver in order to avoid problems caused by unstable locked points of error signals. Such unsteadiness of locked points often occurs with a conventional code tracking loop because the error signals may be randomly biased by multipath fading. Thus, a robust pull-in capability can be provided over a time-variant fading channel where multiple propagation paths are arbitrarily correlated. Furthermore, an effective multipath interference regeneration and cancellation technique is also proposed to improve the error characteristics of the proposed technique. Analytical expressions of the error characteristics and error signals are derived and then confirmed by means of extensive computer simulation results.

Abstract: A code transmitted in a wireless format is to be detected. A power level associated with the code is determined. The determined power level is compared with a plurality of thresholds. A test statistic is increased or decreased based on which of the thresholds that the determined power level falls within. If the test statistic exceeds an acceptance threshold, the code is deemed acquired. If the test statistic is below a dismissal threshold, the code is deemed not present. If the test statistic does not exceed the acceptance threshold and the test statistic is not below the dismissal threshold, the testing for the code is repeated.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for demodulation of a composite signal containing a plurality of multi-path components use a virtual finger. The method includes buffering digital samples of a signal into a first memory element, randomly accessing the digital samples from the first memory element to correlate a particular multi-path component from the signal, and iteratively accumulating the correlated particular multi-path component into a second memory element.

Abstract: Signal processing architectures for direct acquisition of spread spectrum signals using long codes. Techniques are described for achieving a high of parallelism, employing code matched filter banks and other hardware sharing. In one embodiment, upper and lower sidebands are treated as two independent signals with identical spreading codes. Cross-correlators, in preferred embodiments, are comprised of a one or more banks of CMFs for computing parallel short-time correlations (STCs) of received signal samples and replica code sequence samples, and a means for calculating the cross-correlation values utilizing discrete-time Fourier analysis of the computed STCs. One or more intermediate quantizers may optionally be disposed between the bank of code matched filters and the cross-correlation calculation means for reducing word-sizes of the STCs prior to Fourier analysis. The techniques described may be used with BOC modulated signals or with any signal having at least two distinct sidebands.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for testing a mobile radio system with a test transmitter (11), whereby the mobile radio system has at least one fixed station, which transmits in a first frequency range, and has a multitude of mobile stations, which can transmit and receive, whereby a mobile station transmits in a second frequency range. The aim of the invention is to achieve a simple and cost-effective determination of the radio illumination and radio communications quality for an already established mobile radio system and even for the designing and modification of such a mobile radio system. To this end, the test transmitter (11) has a transmitting device that transmits signals in the first and second frequency ranges to at least one measuring receiver (12).

Abstract: A Signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) measuring apparatus in a multiple antenna high data rate packet transmission system measures signal energy to interference energy ratio by using pilot signals that are orthogonal to each other between antennas signals and used by a receiver for separating the signals transmitted from all of the transmitting antennas from each other. The SIR measuring apparatus comprises a signal energy measuring unit, an interference energy measuring unit and a SIR measuring unit. The signal energy measuring unit measures signal energy by synthesizing after coherently integrating and non-coherently integrating values that are obtained by correlating a received signal with pilot patterns equal to the pilot patterns of transmitted antenna signals, respectively.

Abstract: In one aspect, the present invention is directed to a technique of, and system for enhancing the performance of high-speed digital communications through a communications channel, for example a backplane. In this aspect of the present invention, a transmitter includes equalization circuitry to compensate for bandwidth limitations and reflections in high-speed digital communication systems. In one embodiment, the equalization circuitry is designed, programmed and/or configured to introduce intersymbol interference in order to improve the signal integrity in high-speed communications and enhance the operation and performance of such systems. In this regard, the equalization circuitry includes temporally overlapping leading and/or trailing taps (relative to the data (symbol) signal) to reduce, minimize, mitigate or effectively eliminate pre-cursor and/or post-cursor intersymbol interference due to, for example, bandwidth limitations and reflections in high-speed digital communication systems.

Abstract: In one aspect, the present invention is directed to a technique of, and system for enhancing the performance of high-speed digital communications through a communications channel, for example a backplane. In this aspect of the present invention, a transmitter includes equalization circuitry to compensate for bandwidth limitations and reflections in high-speed digital communication systems. In one embodiment, the equalization circuitry is designed, programmed and/or configured to introduce intersymbol interference in order to improve the signal integrity in high-speed communications and enhance the operation and performance of such systems. In this regard, the equalization circuitry includes temporally overlapping leading and/or trailing taps (relative to the data (symbol) signal) to reduce, minimize, mitigate or effectively eliminate pre-cursor and/or post-cursor intersymbol interference due to, for example, bandwidth limitations and reflections in high-speed digital communication systems.

Abstract: In one aspect, the present invention is directed to a technique of, and system for enhancing the performance of high-speed digital communications through a communications channel, for example a backplane. In this aspect of the present invention, a transmitter includes equalization circuitry to compensate for bandwidth limitations and reflections in high-speed digital communication systems. In one embodiment, the equalization circuitry is designed, programmed and/or configured to introduce intersymbol interference in order to improve the signal integrity in high-speed communications and enhance the operation and performance of such systems. In this regard, the equalization circuitry includes temporally overlapping leading and/or trailing taps (relative to the data (symbol) signal) to reduce, minimize, mitigate or effectively eliminate pre-cursor and/or post-cursor intersymbol interference due to, for example, bandwidth limitations and reflections in high-speed digital communication systems.

Abstract: A linear filter feeds back an error signal generated using the output of an adaptive filter to a learning circuit. The learning circuit learns the coefficients of the adaptive filter using the error signal. The coefficients of the linear filter is determined depending on the generation method of a target signal for error minimization. In a signal interpolation type timing recovery digital filter, the coefficients of an inverse interpolation filter is determined in such a way as to minimize an error of a signal after interpolation.

Abstract: An adaptive filter is implemented by a computer (10) processing an input signal using a recursive least squares lattice (RLSL) algorithm (12) to obtain forward and backward least squares prediction residuals. A prediction residual is the difference between a data element in a sequence of elements and a prediction of that element from other sequence elements. Forward and backward residuals are converted at (14) to interpolation residuals which are unnormalised Kalman gain vector coefficients. Interpolation residuals are normalised to produce the Kalman gain vector at (16). The Kalman gain vector is combined at (18) with input and reference signals x(t) and y(t), which provides updates for the filter coefficients or weights to reflect these signals as required to provide adaptive filtering.

Abstract: This invention presents a coding method for binary digits coding and its circuit for digits transmission. With this coding method, the binary digits are corresponding to a sequence of pulse groups. The binary digits “0” and “1” are corresponding to the two pulse groups with same defined number of pulses and with two special defined pulse frequencies respectively. The said two pulse groups have the same defined number of pulses. The said number is at least 2. The corresponding decoding method divides the said sequence of pulse groups, according to the same defined number, into a set of pulse groups. The duration time of each pulse group is measured. The binary digits “0” and “1” are corresponding to the differences of the duration time of the pulse groups. This invention presents the improvement in data transmission rate and reach in comparing with the relative technology.

Abstract: A method for presenting streaming media for an event. Event-specific information is received, wherein the event-specific information comprises data stream information identifying at least one data stream associated with the event, compression quality information identifying a measure of compression quality for the data stream associated with the event, and sensor information identifying at least one sensor associated with the event. The measure of compression quality for the data stream is determined based on the compression quality information and the sensor.

Abstract: A pre-processing system and method is used to compensate for global brightness changes in consecutive video frames. The system and method uses a brightness change model to identify the global brightness changes and to discard the brightness in a source frame so that the brightness changes between consecutive reconstructed video frames is kept to a minimum. The Hough Transform is used as one example of the model to accumulate votes for different values of brightness change model parameters. Compensation for any detected brightness changes in the source frame is performed with filtering of the model parameters when necessary, to help avoid any artifacts in the compensated source frame. Different application sequences of the brightness change model allows for multiple levels of processing delays.

Abstract: In an audio-video production system, frame rate transformation is performed so as to simplify editing and/or compression. In the preferred embodiments, the frames surrounding the selected edit points at a scene change are buffered to permit reconstruction, if necessary, to produce “pure” rather than mixed frames. The frames then are intelligently selected or constructed using techniques such as field or frame dropping, frame repeating, and so forth, as necessary. This technique may be applied both to the series of frames leading up to an edit point, and also to the series of frames which follow the edit point.

Abstract: A method for decreasing end-to-end delay in a video conferencing context is disclosed. At video conferencing system startup, a processor is initialized to receive either a top field or a bottom field of video frame data. If the first line of a new field arriving after initialization does not match a field state that the processor is initialized to, the present invention senses the state mismatch and adjusts a display buffer by one display line, and the field is stored in the display buffer. The display buffer is adjusted in order to preserve a vertical spatial relationship between the top and bottom fields.

Abstract: An encoding data processing apparatus generates at least one water marked version of an original item of material formed by introducing one of a predetermined set of code words into a copy of the original material item. The apparatus has a bandwidth adaptation processor operable to adapt a bandwidth of the code word to at least part of a bandwidth of the original material item, and an encoder operable to combine the bandwidth adapted code word with a copy of the original material item.

Abstract: At least one data stream associated with an event is received. Compressing the data stream generates a first signal. A second signal is generated based on a difference between the data stream and the first signal. The second signal is compressed according to a measure of compression quality. The first signal and the second signal are transmitted.

Abstract: A method to enhance motion estimation is provided. The method includes providing a motion estimator, obtaining at least two candidate motion vectors from the motion estimator and applying an error function having a penalty that depends on the position and size of the candidate motion vectors. A device for recursive motion vector estimation having enhanced convergence is also provided. The device includes a vector generator and a best vector selector. The best vector selector comprises means to evaluate candidate motion vectors by applying an error function having at least a penalty that depends on the position and size of the candidate motion vectors.

Abstract: A method of delivering video over a network includes separating the digitally compressed video signal into multiple sub-signals, coding each of the sub-signals, transmitting each of the sub-signals over asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) paths, receiving each of the sub-signals, and selecting certain said sub-signals according to a bandwidth suitable for subsequent reception over a digital subscriber line (DSL) path. Preferably, the step of combining selective ones of the sub-signals is based on a data rate capacity of the digital subscriber line (DSL) path for subsequent transmission. The bandwidth of the sub-signals selected is supported by the data rate of the digital subscriber line (DSL) path.

Abstract: An MPEG decoder verifies a previous video packet by calculating the sum-of-the-absolute differences (SAD) for macroblock boundaries. When a macroblock counter goes off count, the macroblocks can be placed in the wrong relative locations in a frame. Image shapes are sliced when macroblock misplacement occurs, creating many new bisecting edges along macroblock boundaries. These image discontinuities along macroblock boundaries have a large SAD for pixels on either side of the macroblock boundary. The SAD is generated along the left and upper edges of a current macroblock, and a maximum SAD of all macroblocks in the previous video packet is generated. When the maximum SAD is above a threshold, the macroblock counter is likely to be in error, and the macroblock counter is reloaded with the header macroblock number from the next packet header. When the SAD is below threshold, a mis-matching header macroblock number is ignored.

Abstract: A digital video system for wirelessly transmitting a signal to a display device, including a receiver that analyzes a packet of the signal wirelessly received through a first transmitting/receiving unit to check the transmission error rate. The receiver externally sends out a grade adjustment request signal requesting up-adjustment or down-adjustment of a resolution grade of the signal through the first: transmitting/receiving unit, based on the checked transmission error rate and a resolution grade of the currently received signal. A transmitter converts the signal to be transmitted to the receiver into a signal that corresponds to the grade adjustment request signal of the receiver, and wirelessly transmits the converted signal through a second transmitting/receiving unit corresponding to the first transmitting/receiving unit.

Abstract: A high speed data link includes transmitter equalization and (passive) receiver equalization to compensate for frequency distortion of the data link. In one embodiment, the transmitter equalization is performed with a de-emphasis circuit. The transmitter de-emphasis circuit pre-distorts an input signal to compensate for at least some of the frequency distortion in the data caused by the transmission line. The (passive) receive equalization circuit further compensates for the frequency distortion at the output of the transmission line to flatten the amplitude response of the output signal, and thereby reduce inter-symbol interference, improve media reach and improve the bit error rate (BER).

Abstract: A base station including a transmitting and receiving amplifier for amplifying CDMA signals exchanged with a mobile station; a radio stage connected to the transmitting and receiving amplifier for carrying out D/A conversion of a transmitted signal that undergoes baseband spreading, followed by quadrature modulation, and for carrying out quasi-coherent detection of a received signal, followed by A/D conversion; a baseband signal processor connected with the radio stage for carrying out baseband signal processing of the transmitted signal and the received signal; a transmission interface connected with the baseband signal processor for implementing interface with external channels; and a base station controller for carrying out control such as management of radio channels and establishment and release of the radio channels. The base station communicates with the external channels by mapping logical channels into physical channels. The CDMA signals are spread using a short code and a long code.

Abstract: A receiving apparatus and a receiving method for receiving a signal modulated by a multi-carrier modulation scheme for transmitting the information code using a plurality of carriers. The signal contains data carriers and regularly-inserted pilot carriers fixed in amplitude and phase. The cross-correlation between the received signals with the data carriers distant to such an extent as to eliminate the correlation with each other is calculated, and based on the result of the cross-correlating operation by the correlating operation unit, the signal correlation component as related to the pilot carriers is extracted.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for achieving combined beamforming and transmit diversity for frequency selective fading channels in a communication system having a base station with multiple transmit antennae and a mobile terminal with at least a single receive antenna, the method comprising the steps of: providing a signal to be transmitted; space-time encoding the signal to produce at least two separate signals, each on a respective output; feeding each output signal to a multiple access transmit processor to produce an output signal; applying respective selected transmit beamforming weights to each output signal; feeding the respective weighted signals to a signal combiner to perform a summing function of the signals and produce a signal for transmission; feeding the summed signal to each of the multiple transmit antennae for transmission; transmitting the signals over respective physical channels; receiving the transmitted signal at at least a single receive antenna; feeding the transmitted signal to a multiple a

Abstract: A channel encoding/decoding method and a multiple-antenna wireless communication transmitting/receiving system performing the same are disclosed. A transmitter of the multiple-antenna wireless communication system comprises a space-time encoder, interleavers, a P/S converter, a RSC encoder, a S/P converter, and a modulator. A receiver of the multiple-antenna wireless communication system comprises a RSC decoder, deinterleavers, a space-time decoder, and interleavers. The frame error rates from the information transmission and reception by the present invention are found to be significantly lower than those by the multiple encoding/separated decoding method. Compared with the multiple encoding/joint decoding method, the present invention maintains comparable or better performance, while simplifying the decoding procedure considerably thereby it reduces the complexity in the hardware implementation.

Abstract: Multiple single-channel links are employed as a single high-bandwidth link for packetized data having a single packet delineator. The single high-bandwidth link may typically be employed for transfer of data in intra- and inter-frame/rack back-planes. A transmitter forms the packetized data including the single packet delineator. The packet delineator is used by, for example, a framer of a receiver to enable reconstruction of packetized data from the multiple single-channel links. The transmitter forms the packetized data such that a beginning portion of each packet is transferred to a particular one of the single-channel links. Thus, the packet delineator is associated with that particular single-channel link, regardless of the number of other single-channel links that are bonded together with that particular single-channel link to form the single high-bandwidth link.

Abstract: A linear system and an EER system are used in combination such that the EER system can also be used in a cellular phone with a wide output dynamic range. In the EER system, linear control of an amplifier becomes difficult in a low output range. Thus, use of the EER system is limited to a high output range, and the linear system is used in the low output range as in the past. A power efficiency is improved while requirements of linearity are satisfied by this structure. An effective circuit structure is proposed for a switching control system for two systems. In addition, an up-converter is constituted in combination with a step-down element with high responsiveness, whereby a power supply voltage control circuit for the EER system with a wide control range and high responsiveness is provided.

Abstract: Disclosed is an open-loop power control method for base station in a broadband GSM system. The method employs an open-loop control method and implements the power control for each carrier after synthesizing multi-way digital intermediate frequencies. In this method, the dynamic power level control and the slope power control are implemented individually by utilizing an inherent characteristic that the up-down slope control (including the static power control) of the respective carrier frequencies is performed synchronously. The open-loop power control method for multi-carrier according to the invention allows the power control for the respective carriers to be independent of each other completely, and the transmitting power of any carrier at any time slot can be varied flexibly and easily.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating quadrature phase signals in a half-rate data recovery circuit, which is adapted to generate a first and a second clock signals having the same frequency and being 90 degrees out of phase with each other. The apparatus for generating quadrature phase signals mainly comprises a base selector, a first phase interpolator and a second phase interpolator. The base selector generates, based on a region control signal, a pair of phase region boundaries for the first clock signal as well as a pair of phase region boundaries for the second clock signal by using a plurality of reference clock signals. The first and second phase interpolators perform, based on a position control signal, weighted average processes for the two pairs of phase region boundaries, respectively, to thereby obtain the first and the second clock signals.

Abstract: A wobble demodulator for reproducing digital information from an optical recording medium in which a track is formed in accordance with a wobble signal that is MSK-modulated so as to contain the digital information by a carrier signal with a predetermined frequency and a sine wave signal with a frequency different from that of the carrier signal, includes: a wobble signal detector for detecting a wobble signal of the track from the optical recording medium; a wobble PLL for detecting the carrier signal based on the wobble signal detected by the wobble signal detector; a multiplier for multiplying the carrier signal detected by the wobble PLL by the wobble signal detected by the wobble signal detector and outputting a multiplied output; a MSK detector for detecting a MSK modulation mark having a phase or a frequency different from that of the carrier signal, based on an integrated value obtained by integrating the multiplied output from the multiplier on a predetermined section basis; and a MSK synchronization