Abstract: An inflator (1) is disclosed for use in a safety device within a motor vehicle, for example, for inflating an air-bag. The inflator comprises at least one gas outlet (23) having an initial predetermined gas flow area. The or each gas outlet incorporates a deformnable part (41) which is configured to deform, in response to a predetermined gas pressure, so as to increase the gas flow area of the gas outlet. The deformable part (41) may be surrounded by a slot (40) which initially constitutes the outlet. The deformable part includes a neck (42) which bends so that the deformable part (41) opens like a flap. The invention is particularly suited for incorporating in a hybrid multi-stage gas generator comprising two or more pyrotechnic charges that can be actuated in combination or independently. The variable-area gas flow outlet provides an arrangement to vary the cross-section or area of a gas flow passage in response to a high pressure of gas.

Abstract: A riding rail tie plugging apparatus for plugging spike holes in ties on a railroad track includes a frame provided with wheels for supporting and moving the frame along the track. At least one reservoir is disposed in operational relationship to the frame for dispensing a supply of chemical tie-plugging solution. At least one applicator gun is in fluid communication with the at least one reservoir for dispensing the solution into the holes. At least one operator station is on the frame in operational relationship to the track and to the at least one applicator gun so that the at least one applicator gun is directly positionable by an operator disposed at the station for dispensing the epoxy solution into selected ones of the holes.

Abstract: A machine is configured for tamping a track composed of rails that are fastened to ties resting on ballast. The rails extend in a longitudinal direction and have a field side and a gauge side, respectively, and the ballast forms tie supports located on the field side and the gauge side. The machine has a centerline extending in the longitudinal direction and comprises tamping units mounted opposite one another transversely of the longitudinal direction, each tamping unit having four tamping tine pairs composed of tamping tines and squeeze drives. The tamping tine pairs are arranged one following the other in the longitudinal direction and positioned, alternating in the longitudinal direction, at a shorter distance from the centerline for tamping tie supports located on the gauge side of the rails, and at a longer distance from the centerline for tamping tie supports located at the field side of the rails.

Abstract: The push-back storage system includes an elongated storing lane defining opposite front and rear ends and at least one pair of spaced-apart parallel elongated rails extending between the front and rear ends of the storing lane and being inclined downwardly from the rear end towards the front end. Each rail includes a pair of elongated inclined side walls integrally linked at a common elongated top edge. At least one cart is rollably carried by the pair of rails and is rollable along the pair of rails between the storing lane front and rear ends, the cart having a load-bearing frame rollably carrying a number of wheels each engaging a corresponding one of the rails. Each wheel has a web rotatable about a rotational axis and a pair of side flanges radially extending from and axially spaced-apart along the wheel web so as to define a rail-engaging surface on the wheel web between the spaced-apart side flanges. The rail-engaging surface is wider than the top edge of the corresponding rail.

Abstract: Disclosed is a UV ray curable ink comprising pigment, a polymerizable compound, and a photopolymerization initiator, wherein the UV ray curable ink has an absolute value of a viscosity difference between a viscosity at 25° C. at shear rate 10 (1/s) and a viscosity at 25° C. at shear rate 1000 (1/s) being not more than 5 mPa·s, and has a surface tension at 25° C. of from 26 to 38 mN/m.

Abstract: An ink composition is prepared in such a manner that a difference between a dynamic surface tension (mN/m) measured by a maximum bubble pressure method at a temperature of 24 to 26° C. and a static surface tension (mN/m) is within a range from 0 to 7 (mN/m). The ink composition is stored in an ink tank of an ink head, and is supplied from the ink tank to an ink chamber having a discharge port, and a voltage is applied to partitions formed by a piezoelectric material to apply a pressure by the partitions to the ink composition stored in the ink chamber, whereby a liquid droplet of the ink composition is discharged from the discharge port and the liquid droplet is deposited on a recording material to record an image.

Abstract: A marking composition is disclosed for placing a temporarily visible mark on a surface. The composition includes a paint base and a pigmented colorant. The pigmented colorant is dispersed within the paint base, and has characteristics that cause the mark to progressively become substantially invisible upon exposure to UV light. Additives, such as UV absorbers and anti-oxidants may be included to alter the rate at which the mark becomes invisible. The pigmented colorant may be a dispersion of dyed melamine-toluenesulfonamide-formaldehyde polymer in a mixture of alkyl based resins and aliphatic hydrocarbons. The colorant may be about 2 to 30 parts by weight of the composition. In one embodiment, the pigmented colorant is a Special Fugitive Colorant, with a color selected from the group consisting of: Special Fugitive Yellow Dispersion, No. 121M6669; Special Fugitive Orange Dispersion, No. 121M6665; Special Fugitive Red Dispersion, No. 121M6850; Special Fugitive Red Dispersion; No.

Abstract: A composite barrier membrane coated on a substrate and membrane is formed by phase inversion technique utilizing a water-insoluble wax and a water-insoluble polymer dissolved in a solvent. The barrier membrane coated upon the substrate is used to control transmembrane transport of a liquid and a gas. The substrate can be a starch based food package material, a protein based food package materials, a natural fabric, a synthetic fabric, or a paper product.

Abstract: Concrete's durability to freeze-thaw cycles is dependent on its level of air entrainment, the appropriate level of which is achieved with the aid of surface active or air entraining agents. These agents promote the fragmentation of large air voids into smaller ones and stabilize air voids in the concrete. The carbon matter found in fly ash when used as a pozzolanic component of concrete, adsorbs the air entraining agents, reduces the air voids and concrete's ability to withstand many freeze-thaw cycles. This invention teaches a process for a partial removal of the carbon from the coal ash, used in concrete, through a partial combustion of only a fine carbon fraction of the carbon residue of the coal ash responsible for adsorbing the air entraining agents, in a reactor with a controlled ignition system. The process of the invention thus limits the adsorption of the air entraining agents and improves the freeze-thaw properties of the concrete produced.

Abstract: A flaky pigment excellent in leafing properties and in adhesion between pigment particles and a coating (resin) was obtained by coating the surface of a flaky pigment with a coupling agent and a phosphate having a perfluoroalkly gorup or a silane compound. Accordingly, the flaky pigment is excellent as a pigment for coating or printing ink of which brightness and durability are required.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a clay/amine complex which is an excellent surfactant and a good reinforcing agent of polymers. The complex of the present invention can be produced by modifying layered inorganic silicate clay such as montomorillonite, with an intercalating agent, AMO (amine terminal-mannich oligomer). The AMO can be obtained by polymerizing polyoxyalkylene amine having molecular weight over 1000, p-cresol and formaldehyde. The present invention further discloses a nanosilica plate, which can be obtained by extracting the above complex with a hydroxide or a chloride of alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal, and consequently, the AMO intercalating agent can be recycled for reusing.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a portland cement substitute which shows no deterioration of various characteristics (e.g., bending strength) even when incorporated with chips or wastes discharged from a hard cemented chip board production process at 20% by weight or more to reutilize them, method for producing the same easily and economically, hard cemented chip board comprising the same, and method for producing hard cemented chip boards comprising the same.

Abstract: A pallet is provided which includes spaced upper and lower decks. A plurality of receiving areas are formed in one of the upper and lower decks, where each receiving area includes at least one latch member extending therefrom. A plurality of corresponding supports extend from the other of the upper and lower decks, where each support includes at least one latch receiver extending therefrom, each latch receiver having a plurality of spring arms. The latch receiver is adapted to receive the latch member such that engagement of the receiving areas and corresponding supports securely joins the upper and lower decks in an assembled configuration.

Abstract: A table (10) is angularly mobile on an vertical rotation axis (X-X) with respect to a fixed base (1, 3); an articulated rod 16) forming a strut is articulated by means of end ball joints (18, 20) both under the flap (12) and to a support (14) of the base (1,3) at a distance from the axis (X-X) of angular mobility of the table; the flap is raised when the table is turned in one direction and the same flap is lowered when the table is turned in the opposite direction.

Abstract: A furnace binding and adjustment system for maintaining a refractory furnace hearth under compression utilizes a plurality of buckstays connected at their upper and lower ends by tie members. A fluid-pressurized tensioning device, preferably a hydraulics device, is provided at the ends of at least some of the tie members to permit some relative movement between the tie member end and the buckstay to permit adjustment of compressive forces applied to the refractory hearth. The use of multiple hydraulic devices permits simultaneous activation of the tensioning devices, and also permits the hydraulic pressure in the cylinders to be accurately adjusted and monitored from a remote location.

Abstract: An air seeder is provided having at least one container with a trough in the bottom floor. Preferably, the floor is formed with a v-shaped configuration converging at a metering mechanism. An auger is rotatably mounted in the trough to move particulate material to the metering mechanism located at a distal end of the container. The auger is powered by a motor mounted on the distal end of the auger opposite the metering mechanism. A remote fan mechanism is provided to deliver a supply of air to the metering mechanism through a pair of conveying tubes. Optionally, a sensor is provided to control the operation of the auger so that the auger only operates when it is needed.

Abstract: A granular material spreader for a mower or other apparatus, including a support column, having a support plate attached to it's bottom, for supporting the spreader thereon, the spreader being mounted to the shaft of the motor which when energized, turns the spreader for usage. A bracket attaching to the support column supports the hopper, into which granular material may be deposited, the bottom of the hopper includes a series of apertures, and a control plate pivotally mounted to the underside of the hopper bottom, and which when pivoted, provides for a full or partial opening of the flow apertures in the hopper bottom, or their closure, as when granular material dispensing and spreading is curtailed. A pivot lever mounts onto a plate, further supported by the support column, the lever is pivoted through energization of the solenoid, to initiate the dispensing, or not, of the granular material.

Abstract: A submerged surface is created, either as an add-on application or as an integral part of the submerged structure, having an array of closely spaced small bubble-filled holes which cover a large fraction of the wetted surface area. The viscous drag on the bubbles is much smaller than that on the surrounding solid surface and the net drag on the entire submerged surface is less than that on an equivalent solid surface.

Abstract: A rigid boom vang with a center part consisting of a threaded rod with a left hand portion on one side of a combined hand/rope drum with a circular turning line cage and a right hand portion on the other side, enclosed by an outer tube. Each rod is threaded into an extension arm with a corresponding inner drive nut inside and a vang clevis on the outer side. Turning the center part by the hand/rope drum will provide a symmetrical linear movement of the extension arms, because these are mounted on the boom and mast vang brackets and therefore cannot rotate with the rods. The vang brackets are a interchangeable system of hinges with toggles, being adjustable to align with the gooseneck pin axis.

Abstract: A flexible wing-sail for wind-propelled vehicles includes a mast to be rotatably mounted in a vertical position on the vehicle, a plurality of flexible sail panels carried by the mast, and a spreader assembly secured to battens in the sail panels for securing them to the mast and for imparting to them an airfoil shape having a leading edge fore of the mast, and a trailing edge aft of the mast. The spreader assembly includes a fixed spreader unit secured to the sail panels at the bottom of the wing-sail and fixing it to the bottom of the mast, and a plurality of slidable spreader units secured to the sail panels at longitudinally spaced locations and slidable along the mast to permit hoisting and reefing the wing-sail.

Abstract: A tiller is preferably coupled to the outboard motor or other steered element of a watercraft such that movement of the tiller in a first manner imposes manually-generated steering forces on the steered element and that operation of the tiller in a second manner imposes power assist steering forces on the steered element. The first manner preferably involves movement of the tiller as a whole, in which case tiller movement drives the steered element mechanically. The second manner preferably involves movement of an actuator portion of the tiller relative to the remainder of the tiller, in which case movement of the tiller actuator portion causes a steering cylinder assembly, an electric stepper motor, or other drive mechanism to impose power assist steering forces on the steered element. The actuator portion of the tiller may, for example, comprise an articulating end of the tiller's arm or a throttle grip supported on the tiller.

Abstract: A line handling device designed to facilitate positioning and handling of a mooring or docking line during a boat docking operation is removably mounted on an extendable pole, such as a boat hook. The device has an elongated body with a tapered end. A longitudinal groove is formed in the body to accommodate the shaft of the boat hook. A flexible resilient fastener is attached to the body and encircles the shaft of the boat hook. A docking line may be wedged between the clip and the shaft of the boat hook to form a loop to engage a piling.

Abstract: A boat hook and line handling device designed to facilitate positioning and handling of a mooring or docking line during a boat docking operation is removably mounted on an extendable pole. The device has a clip with an elongated body and a free end. An attachment connects the clip with the boat hook shaft and encircles the shaft of the boat hook. A docking line may be wedged between the clip and the shaft of the boat hook to form a loop to engage a piling.

Abstract: A flying outboard boat which can fly over the water having only its propeller rotates in the water comprises a hull with wings project on both sides. Underneath the wings there installed flaps one couple at anterior part and another couple at posterior part of said boat to help lifting and tilting of said boat by moving the flaps pivotally up or down. The engine of the boat can move vertically through moving a frame the engine mounted to by a motor where the propeller installed to the lowest end of a stem of the engine. Navigation control systems comprises a steering wheel, an accelerating pedal, switches to move the engine up and down by a motor, switches to move flaps and lastly, electrical and electronics circuits to control switches and motors.

Abstract: An anchor that operates in a 360 degree direction regardless of the marine environment. A swiveling and/or rotating anchor. The anchor is able to rotate with its arms/flukes and shank. The arms/flukes are fastened to the anchor shank. The anchor comprises a shank having a forward and a rear end with a plurality of arms/flukes secured to the shank and/or crown. The plurality of arms/flukes are secured to the shank by a fluke mounting element or the shank itself. The plurality of arms/flukes are radically oriented and angularly spaced apart and positioned on the fluke mounting element or the shank itself.

Abstract: Alternative collar assemblies for use with watercraft including rigid-hulled boats are described. The collars may include both foam materials and one or more inflatable compartments, thereby offering multiple advantages over existing foam or inflatable collars. Optionally included in or on the collars are reinforcing material (such as but not limited to Kevlar) and an abrasion-resistant coating surrounding the foam and inflatable compartments. Similarly, compartments comprising the collar optionally may be nested.

Abstract: A cat scratching deterrent including a self standing blower unit with nozzles that can be positioned near and aimed at an area containing household items to be protected against cat scratching and a housing with a canister to hold an aerosol can of pressurized air and a battery power source; and a lid for the canister having a motor and cam assembly driven by the motor, with an enlarged caning portion projecting from the lid to actuate a valve of the aerosol can to supply air to said nozzles through a flexible connector tube, when motion is detected by a motion detector mounted in the housing.

Abstract: A fluid storage container provides a visual display of a fluid level therein. The container has a plurality of capillary tubes attached thereto, correlating to predetermined fluid levels within the container, and which may be visually observed upon inspection of the capillary tubes. Each of the capillary tubes has an inlet at a lower end thereof, and the inlets are located at different vertical levels from one another. When fluid in the container is at a level above an inlet of a given capillary tube, the capillary tube automatically fills with fluid, providing a visual signal of the fluid level.

Abstract: A removable bookmarker for marking positions or pages of a book. The bookmarker having a plurality of bookmarker strings is freely removable from the book. The removable bookmarker is composed of an attachment member such as a hairpin clip or a gem clip and a plurality of bookmarker strings connected to a top of the attachment member. An end of the attachment member is slid onto a front cover or a spine of the book so that the bookmarker strings are mounted on the book.

Abstract: The invention relieves readers' frustration of conventional bookmarks that do not stay in place or become lost when placed outside the book. The invention is designed to be an unobtrusive object that is neat, small and compact; it is made from a two to one stretch material with a loop that will hug the back cover of the book while a tail marks the reader's spot. Most individual readers would use the single strand unit while college students, law offices, etc. would use the multiple strands unit to mark several areas within a large reference manual or oversize text book.

Abstract: Process for crystallizing 2-acetylthio-3-phenylpropionic acid from a solution of acetylthiophenylpropionic acid, wherein, at a temperature lower than 50° C., an antisolvent is added to form a mixture of antisolvent and acetylthiophenylpropionic acid solution; wherein seed crystals are added to the mixture before crystallisation occurs; and wherein the antisolvent is dosed over time during the occurrence of crystallisation.

Abstract: A process for growing by chemical vapor deposition a heteroepitaxial single crystal diamond is disclosed. The process provides a substrate which enables the growth of single crystal diamond which is vapor coated on an iridium film. An intermediate process for producing a composite composition with diamond nuclei is also described. Further described are composite compositions of metal oxide, iridium and single crystal diamond films or diamond nuclei. Single crystal diamond is useful in a variety of electronics and acoustics fields.

Abstract: The present invention provides aluminum oxide crystalline materials including dopants and oxygen vacancy defects and methods of making such crystalline materials. The crystalline materials of the present invention have particular utility in optical data storage applications.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with a method of forming a single crystal of a ceramic, semiconductive or magnetic material. The method according to the invention comprises the steps of (a) compacting a nanocrystalline powder comprising particles having an average particle size of 0.05 to 20 &mgr;m and each formed of an agglomerate of grains with each grain comprising a nanocrystal of a ceramic, semiconductive or magnetic material; and (b) sintering the compacted powder obtained in step (a) at a temperature sufficient to cause an exaggerated growth of at least one of the grains, thereby obtaining at least one single crystal of aforesaid material.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a method that enables and improves wide bandgap homoepitaxial layers to be grown on axis single crystal substrates, particularly SiC. The lateral positions of the screw dislocations in epitaxial layers are predetermined instead of random, which allows devices to be reproducibly patterned to avoid performance degrading crystal defects normally created by screw dislocations.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing an X-ray detector for imaging. By increasing the epitaxial layers, a GaAs material (1) is placed on a substrate n<+> (or p<+>) (2). p<+> (or n<+>)< >ions are then implanted on the external face (11) of the material (1) in order to form a p<+>/i/n<+> structure after annealing. Ohmic contacts (12) are subsequently disposed on the two faces and individual detectors (pixels) (13) are produced over the entire surface using means of dry or chemical masking and pickling. The epitaxial material (1) has a thickness d′ that is sufficient to absorb effectively the X photons and means can be used to reduce the residual doping of said material (1). The material obtained in this way is suitable for medical (mammography, dental, etc.) and industrial imaging.

Abstract: A silicon single crystal growing apparatus supplemented with a low melting point dopant feeding instrument and a low melting point dopant feeding method thereof for producing a heavily doped silicon single crystal with a dopant of low melting point. The apparatus includes a quartz crucible containing molten silicon liquid, a heating unit supplying the quartz crucible with a radiant heat, a crystal pulling lifter pulling up a silicon single crystal from a molten silicon liquid contained in the quartz crucible, and a low melting point dopant feeding instrument. The low melting point dopant feeding instrument includes a sidewall portion, an upper portion, and an open bottom portion with net-like structure having many holes, the sidewall and upper portions being vacuum-tight sealed and a low melting point dopant being loaded inside the low melting point dopant feeding instrument.

Abstract: A multi-nozzle gas spray arm for a spin coating apparatus. In a typical embodiment, the invention comprises a primary spray arm and a secondary spray arm which is confluently connected to the primary spray arm. The primary spray arm ejects a narrow, relatively high-velocity nitrogen stream against a substrate while the secondary spray arm ejects a diffuse, relatively low-velocity nitrogen stream against the substrate as the gas spray arm is typically swept across the surface of the wafer. The diffuse nitrogen flow characteristic of the nitrogen ejected from the secondary spray arm is effective in eliminating water and chemical droplets which otherwise would tend to remain and form dry spots on the wafer surface.

Abstract: A pickup head for engaging an integrated circuit from a first side. The pickup head can dip solder bumps disposed on an opposing second side of the integrated circuit into a layer of flux on a flat surface in a uniform manner. An arm attaches the pickup head to a mobility unit, and a retainer selectively retains the first side of the integrated circuit against the pickup head. A pivot is disposed between the arm and the retainer, and enables the retainer to pivot and the integrated circuit to freely align with the flat surface in such a manner that as many of the solder bumps as possible are in contact with the flat surface, regardless of variations in heights of the solder bumps. The solder bumps are thereby more uniformly coated with flux.

Abstract: A cleaning brush and method for removing a coating solution from the inner end of a flexible, tubular substrate to be fitted over a mandrel or drum. After a tubular substrate is dipped endwise in a coating solution, some solution coats the inner face of the substrate at one end. By using moderate deformation of the substrate, changes to the profile of the cleaning brush, or both, the cleaning brush is fitted inside the end of the tubular substrate without damaging the substrate. The cleaning brush engages and cleans the substrate's inner surface. The substrate is then free from any coating so as to readily fit on the mandrel or drum.

Abstract: Paraffin ring for paraffining yarn, which has a substantially cylindrical shape, with a paraffin jacket (12) and an insertion bore (14) of substantially circular cross-section, extending concentrically to a central longitudinal axis of the paraffin ring (10), for placing the paraffin ring (10) on a holder provided for this purpose, the paraffin ring (10) having in the paraffin jacket (12), at an end (16) close to the holder, at least one taphole (20, 22, 24) extending substantially parallel to the insertion bore (14) and not passing right through.

Abstract: A roller is provided for use in coating machines. The roller directly or indirectly applies a liquid or pasty medium to one or both sides of a running web of material, especially one made of paper or paperboard. The roller includes a core whose outer casing is provided with a covering made of an elastomeric material. The covering is designed such that it can be compressed.

Abstract: A powdering unit for spraying printed products with powder has two box-shaped guiding elements following each other in the product-conveying direction. These guiding elements delimit, with mutually opposite parallel guiding sides, a guiding shaft leading to the product-conveying plane and intended for a powder gas curtain and delimit, with guiding sides running substantially parallel to the product-conveying surface, together with one side of the product, a powder gas guiding shaft running parallel to the product surface.

Abstract: A system and method for applying a material for improving the adhesion between the surface of thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) elements and a coating applied thereto is disclosed. The system comprises the mixing of an adhesion promoter with de-ionized water and applying it to the surface of the TPO elements to be coated. Preferably, the application occurs in an atmospherically controlled enclosure. The application of the adhesion promoter is preferably accomplished by distributing the mixture over the TPO elements through a series of nozzles. Multiple parameters of the application system may be monitored and regulated. Upon completion of the application process, the treated TPO elements are preferably dried in an oven, leaving a thin layer of adhesion promoter over the surface thereof.

Abstract: An in-line marking system for marking indicia on a markable medium. The system includes a dispenser for dispensing a markable medium onto a conveyor belt assembly. The conveyor belt assembly conveys the medium from a first position to a second position, wherein a marking device located between the first position and the second position marks indicia on the medium. The conveyor belt assembly has a plurality of belts forming a conveyor surface.

Abstract: A chamber liner which includes a wall liner for protecting the interior wall surfaces of a process chamber from deposition of polymer contaminants thereon during a semiconductor fabrication process carried out in the chamber and a slot liner for protecting a wafer slot in the chamber from deposition of the polymer contaminants. The wall liner typically comprises a cylindrical liner wall that may be interrupted by an elongated slit to facilitate compressing the liner and placing the liner in the process chamber. Once positioned in the process chamber, the wall liner expands against the interior wall surfaces of the chamber. The slot liner is inserted through the wafer slot in the process chamber and communicates with a slot liner opening in the wall liner. Wafers are transferred into and out of the chamber through the slot liner.

Abstract: A cold trap having improved trapping efficiency for particles, particularly ammonium chloride fine powder particles. The cold trap has a dual-stage design, including an upstream stage fitted with at least one trap plate and a downstream stage fitted with a typically cup- or cone-shaped trap core in which is provided a conically-spiraled water cooling coil. A decreasing temperature gradient is provided along the length of the cold trap, such that exhaust gases flowing through the cold trap are gradually cooled and ammonium chloride or other particles which form from the gas are trapped by the trap plate or plates and collect in the trap core. The exhaust gases exiting the downstream end of the trap core are substantially or completely devoid of particles.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus for vacuum processing generally comprising an enclosure having a plurality of isolated chambers formed therein, a gas distribution assembly disposed in each processing chamber, a gas source connected to the plurality of isolated chambers, and a power supply connected to each gas distribution assembly.

Abstract: The substrate processing system has an ozone generator that generates and supplies an ozone-containing gas to plural or N (N is a natural number not less than 2) ozone process units. The ozone generator has capacity of supplying the first processing fluid to only N−n of the first processing units simultaneously at respective supply rates each in accordance with a demand for appropriately performing the first process in each of the first processing units, where n is a natural number and N−n is not less than 2. A controller that controls a timing of loading of the substrate into the ozone process units by the conveyer so as to avoid a case where more than N−n of the first processing units are simultaneously carrying out the first treatment each using the first processing fluid, where n is a natural number and N−n is not less than 2.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for performing uniform gas flow in a processing chamber is provided. In one embodiment, an apparatus is an edge ring that includes an annular body having an annular seal projecting therefrom is provided. The seal is coupled to a side of the annular body opposite a side adapted to seat on the substrate support. In another embodiment, a processing system is provided that includes a chamber body, a lid, a substrate support and a plurality of flow control orifices. The lid is disposed on the chamber body and defining an interior volume therewith. The substrate support is disposed in the interior volume and at least partially defines a processing region with the lid. The flow control orifices are disposed between the substrate support and the lid. The flow control orifices are adapted to control flow of gases exiting the processing region.