Abstract: A ferromagnetic resonator for use in a marker in a magnetomechanical electronic article surveillance system is manufactured at reduced cost by being continuously annealed with a tensile stress applied along the ribbon axis and by providing an amorphous magnetic alloy containing iron, cobalt and nickel and in which the portion of cobalt is less than about 4 at %.

Abstract: Nickel-based superalloy, suitable for monocrystalline solidification, having the following composition by weight: 1 Co: 4.75 to 5.25% Cr: 11.5 to 12.5% Mo: 0.8 to 1.2% W: 3.75 to 4.25% Al: 3.75 to 4.25% Ti:   4 to 4.8% Ta: 1.75 to 2.25% C: 0.006 to 0.04%  B: ≦0.01% Zr: ≦0.01% Hf: ≦1%   Nb: ≦1%   Ni and any impurities: complement to 100%.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for specifically adjusting the surface structure of rolling stock (3) during cold rolling in skin pass mills. The aim of the invention is to partially transfer the surface structure of the working roll (2) onto the rolling stock (3). To this end, the change of roughness of the rolling stock (3) in the rolling process of a single- or multiple-stand, preferably two-stand skin pass mill is calculated in an optimization calculation in which the tolling parameters are varied according to the mill capacity using a tribological model that mathematically describes the friction conditions in the roll gap (1). The results obtained are then used to readjust at least a part of the rolling parameters used for calculation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a thin steel sheet, for automobile use, excellent in notch-fatigue strength, and a method for producing said steel sheet. Specifically, the present invention is a thin steel sheet for automobile use excellent in notch-fatigue strength, said steel sheet containing, in mass, 0.01 to 0.3% C, 0.01 to 2% Si, 0.05 to 3% Mn, 0.1% or less P, 0.01% or less S and 0.005 to 1% Al, with the balance consisting of Fe and unavoidable impurities, characterized in that, on a plane at an arbitrary depth within 0.

Abstract: A gas generating composition which contains a nitrogenous organic compound as a fuel component and generates, at a high gasification rate, a clean gas harmless to the human body. The composition of the present invention comprises a nitrogenous organic compound as a fuel component and ammonium perchlorate and the nitrate of an alkaline metal or alkaline earth metal as oxidizing agents, wherein where a quantity of nitrate required solely for forming an oxide of alkaline metal or alkaline earth metal that can stoichiometrically neutralize hydrogen chloride generated from ammonium perchlorate is taken as 1, a quantity of nitrate of said alkaline metal or alkaline earth metal exceeds 0.9.

Abstract: An article shape maintenance system for maintaining the shape of a bag article during storage and non-use thereof. The article shape maintenance system includes a filler member, and a covering surrounding the filler member. The covering is comprised of a cloth material. The filler member is comprised of a resilient material such as foam rubber or polyester fiber. The filler member preferably includes a sachet containing a scented material. The filler member preferably includes silica gel or related material for absorbing moisture from within the bag.

Abstract: A lightweight wheel is constructed of titanium or a composite material such as carbon fibre reinforced nylon material. The wheel has a central hub and a circular rim which are interconnected by sprig elements such as may be formed by a looped spring band having a number of radial loops extending between the hub and rim. A tyre strip may be mounted around an outer circumferential face of the rim.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire constructed with an electrically conductive tire tread that defines a channel extending radially inward through a tread base rubber having a relatively high electrical resistivity so as to provide a conductivity path to a belt layer within the tire. In certain embodiments, a conductivity path extending from the belt layer through a belt cushion section to a carcass section of the tire is also provided.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire which makes it possible to effectively prevent puncture during running without involving a large increase in weight or degradation of riding comfortability. This pneumatic tire has a plurality of films disposed in the manner of fish scales in at least a region corresponding to a tread portion of an inner surface of the tire, each of the films being partially fixed on the inner surface of the tire, the fixed portions of the films being covered by the non-fixed portions of the other films.

Abstract: This invention discloses a pneumatic tire which is comprised of a generally toroidal-shaped carcass with an outer circumferential tread, two spaced beads, at least one ply extending from bead to bead and sidewalls extending radially from and connecting said tread to said beads; wherein said tread is adapted to be ground-contacting; wherein the tread is comprised of (a) about 60 phr to about 90 phr of a cis-1,4-polybutadiene rubber, wherein the cis-1,4-polybutadiene rubber has a glass transition temperature which is within the range of about −104° C. to about −80° C., (b) about 10 phr to about 40 phr of at least one additional rubbery polymer selected from the group consisting of polyisoprene rubber, polybutadiene rubber, isoprene-butadiene rubber, and styrene-isoprene-butadiene rubber, wherein the additional rubbery polymer has a glass transition temperature which is within the range of about −30° C. to about −10° C.

Abstract: A tire has a tread on the outer circumferential surface. The tread has circumferential and lateral grooves defining tread blocks. In at least one tread block, one of the circumferentially extending sides of the block has a multi-planar chamfer.

Abstract: A very high performance tire (1, 101) for vehicles comprises a tread (14) provided with a plurality of transversal grooves (15) circumferentially distributed along the tread (14) in groups alternately extending from opposite shoulder zones (F, G) of the tread (14). The transversal grooves (15) define in an equatorial zone (E) of the tread (14) a substantially isotropic matrix of substantially continuous portions (18) of the tread (14) terminating at an equatorial portion (17) of a same transversal groove (15) of the axially opposite group of grooves.

Abstract: The disclosed information describes a preheating method and apparatus for preheating raw tire including metal members embedded therein prior to vulcanization molding process, to heat whole part of the raw tire up to desirable temperature rapidly and certainly to complete vulcanization molding in a short time. The disclosed apparatus comprises a retaining means for retaining raw tire in a predetermined attitude in a releasable manner; a induction heating means for heating the metal members inductively by means of a high frequency magnetic field, the high frequency magnetic field being applied to raw tire retained by the retaining means; and a radiation heater for heating a rate-limiting portion radiatively, the temperature of the rate-limiting portion rising slowly under only induction heating for the metal members.

Abstract: When a tread thickness from a second belt ply 7B is defined as T, a minimum position Qt in which the tread thickness T becomes a minimum value Tmin is provided in a region Y which is away from a tire equator C by a distance of 0.5 to 0.7 times of a tread grounding half width WT/2. A ratio Tmin/Tc between said minimum value Tmin and the tread thickness Tc at the position of the tire equator C is 0.92 to 0.97, and a ratio Tb/Tc between a tread thickness Tb at a position of an outer end of the second belt ply and said tread thickness Tc is 0.95 to 1.10. When a tread thickness from a carcass 6 is defined as K, a minimum position Qk in which a tread thickness K becomes a minimum value Kmin is provided in said region Y. A ratio Kmin/Kc between said minimum value Kmin and a tread thickness Kc at a position of the tire equator C is 0.97 to 0.998, and a ratio Kb/Kc between the tread thickness Kb at a position of the outer end of the second belt ply and said tread thickness Kc is 1.2 to 1.5.

Abstract: The present invention is a crown-stiffening underlay structure comprised of a flat strip of elastomeric material reinforced with essentially inextensible cords. The cord-reinforced flat strip is wrapped helically around the green tire carcass prior to blowup into the characteristic toroidal shape of a tire carcass. In one embodiment, the underlay structure is disposed between breakers and the radial ply structure. In another embodiment, the underlay is disposed between the radial ply structure and the innerliner. In another embodiment, the afore described underlay structure has an additional and structurally contiguous beam made of elastomeric material.

Abstract: Tire for vehicle wheels, comprising metallic reinforcing cords made of a single strand of elementary filaments preformed by sinusoidal waving and wound together. Said metallic cords show a value of the integral of the breaking stress not lower than 5000 J/m3.

Abstract: A system and method are disclosed which utilize a retaining mechanism to retain a first part against a second part in a manner that supplements or supplants use of adhesive. A retaining mechanism retains a first part against the surface of a second part, wherein the second part comprises a rib that is spatially separated from and oriented over such surface. The retaining mechanism is arranged tightly between the rib and the first part to impart force against the first part to retain it against the surface of the second part. In one implementation, the retaining mechanism is utilized to secure an illuminator cable against the surface of a lid assembly within a media picker device. For instance, a retaining mechanism may be arranged to fit tightly between a rib of the lid assembly and an illuminator cable to retain such illuminator cable against the surface of the lid assembly.

Abstract: A clothing article comprises a fabric (11) covered in beads (13) rooted to the fabric by means of the mass (19) of the beads in the interstices of the fabric. The beads may be transparent, colourless, coloured or mixtures thereof. Although the process for obtaining the beaded fabric is best suited for random distributions of the beads on the surface of the fabric, it can be also carried out with particular geometric or coloured patterns. A thermo-stamper machine can be used for the process, which essentially comprises arranging loose beads on the fixed plate (15F) of the machine and carrying the beads with the fabric on top and lowering the hot plate (15C) on the fabric, proceeding according to a pre-determined relationship of parameters of the hot plate which include the temperature thereof, the pressure applied to the fabric and the dwell time on the fabric as a function of the material-some low cost plastic-and size of the beads.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and method for determining a size of a bonding film for bonding a bonding target having a size which varies due to temperature variation, at an environmental temperature which is different from a temperature during use. The method includes the steps of: measuring an actual size of the bonding portion of the circuit electrode at the first temperature; comparing the actual size of the bonding portion with a designed size of the bonding portion at the first temperature; and determining a cutting size of the bonding material based on a comparison result and mounting the bonding material over the bonding portion.

Abstract: A method produces components from high-temperature-proof fiber reinforced composite ceramics from tapes containing carbon fibers. Heating and simultaneously compacting under the influence of pressure and temperature produces a force-locking connection in the region of the contact zones. The prebody is carbonized. At least one post-compaction of the prebody is followed by a carbonization of the prebody, in which the tapes are separated from the adjoining tapes in the region outside the contact zones by graphite spacers and inserted into a clamping device. The clamping device is made substantially of graphite. As a result, the tapes and the prebody that is formed therefrom are securely fixed during the processing steps. The components can be utilized as workpiece carriers, carriers for optical components, and in the aerospace field.

Abstract: The present invention provides a lamination-assisted method for preparing high quality plaques for the purposes of commemoration, commendation, information, or award, having the appearance and durability of metal plaques. This invention further provides a method which may be utilized for the preparation of acrylic block displays for commemoration, award, information, or commendation using lamination, whereby the impression is conveyed to an observer of an embedded image. In either case the text or graphic image, as imprinted on a carrier, is laminated to the display solid by using an adhesive film. An additional protective layer may then be laminated to the carrier.

Abstract: From a supply reel which is set in position at an ACF (Anisotropic Concuctive Film) feeding station, an ACF tape having an ACF laminated on one side of a liner tape is drawn out by an ACF bonding means. At least two reel mount members are provided on a reel stand at the ACF feeding station to mount two ACF tape supply reels concurrently thereon. The reel stand is connected to a switch means thereby to switch the two reel mount members either to an operating or tape supplying position or a standby position. As soon as an ACF tape from a supply reel in the operating position is consumed completely, a fresh supply reel in the standby position is switched into the operating position to continue the supply of the ACF tape.

Abstract: A wasteless lamination mechanism that laminates a topcoat or lamina onto a substrate, without requiring cutting of the lamina down to the size of the substrate. The substrate is preferably a card, such as an identification card, a credit card, or other CR80 size card. A lamina to be laminated onto a substrate is separated from a web containing a plurality of lamina after lamination of the leading portion of the web to the substrate begins. As a result, the rollers of the lamination station can be used to transport the lamina, thereby avoiding the need for a separate transport mechanism for transporting the lamina to the lamination station.

Abstract: A warp knit fabric having a plurality of stitches formed by overlaps arranged in adjacent, longitudinally extending wales with transverse underlaps connecting the overlaps of adjacent wales and with a binder material extending along the wales is used to produce a chenille yarn having a core and a pile. The pile of the chenille yarn is defined by the slit transverse underlaps and the core is defined by the overlaps of the stitches and the binder. Either before or after slitting, either the fabric or the chenille yarns is(are) heated to activate the binder. A tensile force is imposed either during or after heating.

Abstract: A multi-layer structure includes a fluoropolymer bonded to a substrate. The structure is prepared by exposing a bonding composition to actinic radiation, such as ultraviolet radiation, to form the bond. The bonding composition includes a light-absorbing compound and an electron donor. The bonding composition includes non-adhesive materials.

Abstract: In a fixing member (10) in which an elastic layer made of heat-resistance synthetic rubber and a releasing layer made of fluorocarbon resin are sequentially provided on a substrate, a melting point of the fluorocarbon resin constituting the releasing layer (3) is set to be at least 20° C. lower than a temperature for starting an oxidation of the heat-resistance synthetic rubber constituting the elastic layer (2), and the releasing layer (3) is burned by a temperature which is higher than the melting point of the fluorocarbon resin constituting the releasing layer (3), and a burning temperature which does not exceed the starting temperature for the oxidation of the heat-resistance rubber constituting the elastic layer (2).

Abstract: A two-part epoxy adhesive having a resin component containing a mixture of an epoxy resin and an internally flexibilized epoxy resin and a hardener component containing a mixture of a flexibilizer and an unmodified or modified aliphatic amine, an unmodified or modified polyamide, or combinations thereof. The resin component and hardener component are mixed and applied to substrates, or applied to substrates and mixed, and then allowed to cure yielding a cured epoxy resin having a tensile elongation at room temperature of greater than 30%. The initial curing time is less than 3 hours.

Abstract: A CMP polishing head having multiple concentric pressure zones for selectively increasing polishing pressure against selected regions of a semiconductor wafer in order to compensate for variations in polishing rates on the wafer surface otherwise caused by ridges or other non-uniformities in the wafer surface. The polishing head of the present invention comprises multiple, concentric, inflatable pressure rings each of which may be selectively inflated to increase the polishing pressure against a concentric ridge or material elevation on the corresponding concentric region of the wafer surface and increase the polishing rate of the concentric ridge or elevation between the rotating polishing head and a stationary polishing pad. A channel selector may be included in the polishing head for selectively aligning an air/pressure vacuum source with a selected one of multiple pressure tubes that connect to the respective pressure rings.

Abstract: A method of detecting contamination on a backside of a semiconductor wafer includes the steps of positioning the backside of the wafer in contact with a detection surface of a contaminant sensor, and detecting deformation of the detection surface of the contaminant sensor. The contaminant sensor may be incorporated into a fabrication device such as a wafer handling device, or can be utilized in the construction of a stand-alone device. An apparatus for detecting contamination on the backside of a semiconductor wafer is also disclosed.

Abstract: A dual-port endpoint detection window for a process chamber for substrates. The dual-port endpoint detection window of the present invention comprises a primary port and a secondary port each of which may be individually removably fitted with a light sensor for the endpoint detection system. A cover is provided for removably covering the secondary port. After the window of the primary port has become covered with material deposition as a result of prolonged use of the process chamber, the secondary port is uncovered for use and the light sensor is attached to the secondary port for continued use of the endpoint detection system through the secondary port.

Abstract: A front opening unified pod (FOUP) with a dust-proof device that is set up beside a station for processing 12-inch wafers. The FOUP door opener opens up to allow wafers going to or from the FOUP while preventing external dust particles from diffusing into the station. The FOUP door opener includes an inner door and an outer door. The dust-proofing device is set up close to the FOUP door opener next to a nitrogen load-lock area inside the station. The dust-proofing device has a gas pump for pumping gases, a gas filter connected to the gas outlet port of the gas pump for removing dust particles, a gas outflow unit connected to the gas outlet port of the gas filter for blowing a layer of laminar gas and a gas inflow unit connected to the gas inlet port of the gas pump so that gas blown out from the gas outflow unit is returned to the gas pump via the gas inflow unit. The FOUP door opener prevents dust particles from contaminating the loading area of the furnace while using very little nitrogen.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention is a cluster tool for processing wafers that includes: (a) one or more chemical vapor deposition chambers; (b) one or more e-beam treatment chambers; and (c) a transfer chamber adapted to transfer a wafer from one chamber to another while maintaining vacuum conditions.

Abstract: A non-thermal plasma reactor element includes a structural carrier; a thin electrode layer disposed upon the structural carrier; and a thin high k barrier layer disposed upon the electrode layer. Double, single and null dielectric carrier elements are provided. The structural support function for the element is substantially provided by the structural carrier while the dielectric barrier function is substantially provided by the high k barrier layer. This enables optimum utilization of conventional extrusion materials having low-cost, fabricability, mechanical and thermal properties (such as cordierite, mullite, and alumina) as structural carriers. Further, since the reactor capacitance is not dependent on the thickness of the structural carrier, structural carrier thickness is selected based upon mechanical strength and durability requirements of a given system. Electrode layers and high k barrier layers are tailored to have dimensions as thin as possible for the particular NTP reactor application.

Abstract: A dry etching apparatus including a plate 15 provided in parallel or nearly parallel with an RF electrode 9 to cover a substrate 1 placed on the RF electrode 9 directly or through a tray 24. The plate 15 is provided with planar or nearly planar obstacles 16 that inhibit a gas and plasma from passing through the plate 15 as well as opening portions 19. This makes it possible to achieve conditions under which etching residues attach to the surface of the substrate faster by trapping the etching residues in a space between the surface of the substrate 1 and the plate 15. Fine textures can be thus formed efficiently on the surface of the substrate (FIG. 4).

Abstract: An apparatus for automated fabric lay-up of composite laminates 10 is provided, including an automatic dispensing assembly 12 dispensing pre-preg fabric 14 in a dispensing direction 30. The apparatus 10 further includes a roller element 38 having a contact surface 40 in communication with the pre-preg fabric 14. The roller element 38 rotates such that the contact surface 40 induces lateral tension in the pre-preg fabric 14 over which it rolls such that wrinkles are removed.

Abstract: An evaporation apparatus for solvent fuel comprises an evaporation tank containing the solvent fuel. A blower is installed on the top of the tank with its one end connected to an air inlet pipe, which has a blower switch associated with a check valve. The air inlet pipe is deeply extended to the bottom of the tank for introducing the air into the tank so as to evaporate the solvent fuel. The other end of the blower is connected to a pressure switch for controlling operation of the blower by detecting inner pressure of the tank. A constant temperature rod is provided nearby the bottom of the tank with its one end in connection with a temperature control switch to maintain the tank at a constant temperature. Besides, a scale graduation tube is provided for measuring the fuel quantity.

Abstract: The present invention provides a scalable, preformed, mold covered with fabric to form a window treatment. The fabric is cut to fit the mold and adhered to its contours in order to obtain the shape of the desired window treatment. The fabric can also have alignment tabs in order to make attachment to the mold easier. One or more rod hooks can be adhered to the fabric covering the mold or integrated into the mold. The rod hook attaches the window treatment to any standard curtain rod. Optional side extensions allow the creation of fuller pieces. The mold is designed to look attractive on the underside as well as the top side (front-back).

Abstract: An awning construction for a camping accommodation or the like, comprising a roof and at least one side wall, as well as a container which is mountable on a wall of a camping accommodation, which is arranged to include, in a closed position of rest, at least the tent cloth of an awning, wherein the container comprises, in mounted condition, a substantially horizontal and at least one substantially vertical section, which container further has an open position to take the awning out of the container and put it up and wherein the container is further provided with fixing means for an edge of the tent cloth of the awning, located, in the operative position, in the container.

Abstract: A retrofit blind assembly for a doorlight. The assembly includes a frame, a transparent panel, and a blind snap-fitted to the frame. The blind actuator includes gears and a toothed belt for positive, non-slip actuation. A pair of blind guides are mounted on the opposite sides of the frame to receive and guide the opposite ends of the blind. The mounting system includes a pair of brackets that can be secured between the doorlight and the door and upon which the assembly can be hung. The mounting system also includes a pair of movable catches on the lower portion of the frame snap that can be locked behind the doorlight to secure the lower end of the assembly.

Abstract: A mini-blind apparatus is disclosed having a first horizontal slat and a second slat disposed spaced and parallel relative to the first slat. The apparatus includes a first tab having a first and a second end, the first end of the first tab being secured to a rearward edge of the first slat, the first tab defining a first and a second cage. The first cage is disposed between the first and the second end of the first tab and a first control has a first bead secured thereto for entrapment thereof within the first cage. The second cage is disposed between the first cage and the second end of the first tab. A second control has a first protuberance secured thereto for entrapment thereof within the second cage. A second tab has a first and a second extremity, the first extremity of the second tab being secured to a rear edge of the second slat, the second tab defining a first and a second recess. The first recess is disposed between the first and the second extremity of the second tab.

Abstract: Disclosed is a door (2) comprising a door leaf (1) and a door operator (10) for motorized operation of the door leaf (1) as well as an ID controlling and actuating means (12, 52) for mounting outside from the zone to be closed off, by means of which following or during implementation of an ID check an authorized user can enable the door operator (10) for the purpose of opening the door (2). Preferably to save, in an easy way time, material and money it is proposed in accordance with the invention to mount the ID controlling and actuating means (12, 52) on or in the door leaf (1) for movement therewith. In addition, the invention relates to a method of fabricating, furnishing and/or fitting such a door (2).

Abstract: Electrically operated folding operable walls controlled by an electrical operation circuit of the type having a key switch, a control panel, an extend limit, a stack limit, control relays and a motor. The invention consists of a mechanism designed to provide safety during the operation of said folding walls by sensing a person with dual stage detector that will sense a person directly in the operable folding wall's path, floor mat sensors to detect the presence of a person in the stack area, and a control unit wired to the folding wall control panel, will shut down the operation of the folding wall. Another mechanism provides for the restarting of the folding wall by resetting the relay inside the control panel.

Abstract: A sectional door D having a plurality of panels (35), a first hinge leaf (44) formed on one edge of a panel and a second hinge leaf (42) formed on a second edge of the panel, wherein first and second hinge leaves on adjacent panels interrelate to form a hinge pivotally joining the panels, and a strengthening member (50) having a body portion (51) adapted to capture the hinge leaves and attachable to the panels near at least one of the first hinge leaf and the second hinge leaf.

Abstract: The invention relates to an enclosure that consists of segments that can be rotated toward one another around joints, with the adjacent edges of the segments being formed in a concave or convex manner, in order to form a narrow gap between them during rotation around an articulating axis. The joints consist of two articulating arms, firmly attached to adjacent segments, that are attached to one another in such a way as to be rotatable toward one another around the articulating axis. According to the invention, one of the adjacent segments has a recess running parallel to the edge, in which the articulating axis is positioned at least partially.

Abstract: Present art traverse curtain rods have control cords exiting from the bottom of the rod at its end, hidden behind the curtain. By installing attachments (12) to the curtain rod (1), the control cords (14) appear in front thereof and away from its end, to avoid being hidden behind a proscenium surface created by a valence and drapery, or by a wall opening. The improved traverse curtain rod usually has two attachments secured to the traverse curtain rod, each requiring a short slot (39) in the rod located cooperatively with the first pulley (29), which partially enters the rod, thus directing a control cord frontward and upward to pass around a second pulley (30) and to hang down in front of the rod and draw curtain. Depending upon the manner of mounting and locating the attachments to the rod, the cords may appear as a pair near the left end of the rod, or at its right end, or as one cord on the left with the second on the right.

Abstract: A window roller blind (5) or a partition net is extended with the aid of actuating elements (14, 15), which actuating elements (14, 15) swing about an axis that extends at a right angle to the winding shaft (18) on which the respective strips of material (8) are wound up. The actuating elements (14, 15) are flexurally stiff relative to a bending plane that extends at a right angle to the planes defined by the spread-out roller blind strip (8) or the partition net.

Abstract: In connection with a rear window shade, elastomeric profiled strips are assigned to the guide rails in which the pull rod is guided. The profiled strips are capable of holding the respective end of the pull rod in the guide rail in a substantially rattle-free manner.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method for enzymatic treatment of lignocellulosic materials which contain xylan-polymers, such as cellulose kraft pulps. According to a method of the present kind, at least a part of the hexenuronic acid groups present in the material is selectively removed in order to remove metal ions from the pulp, to change the surface charge thereof, to improve the brightness stability of the pulp and to render the material more suitable for enzymatic treatment.

Abstract: The invention combines the step of adding chemicals such as alkaline peroxide to an intermediate line after refining, with the step of applying chemicals such as alkaline peroxide as a pre-treatment before primary refining and/or applying chemicals such as alkaline peroxide at the primary refiner. This is implemented in the preferred embodiment, by pre-treating feed material, refining the materials into a pulp in a superatmospheric refiner, and adding chemicals in the post refining blow-line.

Abstract: This invention, in one aspect, relates to a multi-ply paperboard having at least three inner plies and, in some aspects, a top liner and a back liner, wherein the multi-ply paperboard is derived from fiber sources comprising at least about 80% by weight recycled fiber. The multi-ply paperboard of the present invention exhibits strength characteristics comparable those of paperboard prepared from virgin board. In further aspects, the invention relates to methods of making the multi-ply paperboard of the present invention.