Abstract: A storage roller is disclosed for storing a soft object, such as papers, blueprints, drawing papers, clothes, sporting mats, and etc. The storage roller includes a bar and a fin. The fin guides the soft object to be winding along the outer of the bar. It provides to carry the soft object easily and protects the soft object from folding.

Abstract: The coin ejection unit comprises a case, a motor set, a plurality of ejecting plates, and coin storage canister. The case comprises a base, bottom cover and a rear plate, and a base portion comprising a plurality of coin hoppers. A motor set is attached on a side of the base portion. The motor rotates a dispensing axel, the biasing rollers presses against the corresponding buckling plates of the pulling plates to press the buckling plates inside the corresponding indented grooves of the sliding element, meanwhile the biasing roller of the motor case will make the connecting bar to move backward and forward pulling the sliding element and the pulling plate outwardly, as a result the blocking portion of the pulling plate will pull out a lower most coin stored in the coin magazines.

Abstract: The coin differentiating unit comprises a case, a detecting device, a first motor set, a second motor set and a dispensing plate. The case comprises a coin differentiation area and a coin collection area. The coin collection area comprises a groove. The groove comprises a coin identifying plate and a coin over-load dispensing plate pivotally mounted there within. And the coin collection area comprises a plurality of coin channels comprising a partition plate in between two adjacent coin channels. A circuit board and the detecting device are positioned inside the differentiation area of the case. A plurality of detecting elements is positioned over the circuit board. The first and second motor sets are used to control the coin identifying plate and the coin-overload dispensing plate for differentiating the real coins from phony coins and for closing the coin collection case when the coin collection case is over-loaded with the coins.

Abstract: A transport system for cargo containers includes at least two spaced-apart conveyors for transporting a cargo container in conveying direction along a substantially horizontal transport path, wherein at least one conveyor is driven. Disposed to the side of the other conveyor is an unloading device for discharging the cargo by tilting the container. The unloading device includes a track with a looped section, and a plurality of couplers constructed for engagement with the containers at a leading end of the looped section, as viewed in conveying direction, and for disengagement from the containers at a trailing end of the looped section. The looped section is spatially configured to tilt the container as a one of the couplers engages the oncoming container on one side adjacent the other conveyor and is guided along the track.

Abstract: A power drive unit (PDU) for cargo handling systems comprising a frame arranged to be mounted in use for raising and lowering movement relative to a supporting structure, a drive motor carried by the frame and having an output shaft, a drive roller assembly carried by said frame for engagement in use with a unit load device (ULD) or the like to be moved by the PDU, a first gear train transmitting drive from said motor output shaft to a drive roller of said drive roller assembly, a rotatable lifting cam assembly carried by said frame and driven in use relative to said frame to lift and lower the frame on said mounting, a second gear train for transmitting drive from said motor output shaft to said lifting cam assembly to operate said lifting cam assembly, clutch means operable to connect and disconnect said motor output shaft to and from said second gear train, a torque limiting device limiting the torque transmitted through said clutch, when said clutch is engaged, to said lifting cam assembly, and a brake me

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for moving the belt of a belt conveyor used in continuously operated belt sintering between the drawing drum and the folding drum, and for aligning the belt sintering belt to be moved by the belt conveyor with respect to the sintering device. According to the invention, in order to rotate the drawing drum (2) of the belt conveyor used in belt sintering, in the immediate vicinity of the other end of the drawing drum, there is installed an actuator device (5, 6, 8) of the belt conveyor, where in at least one rotary element (5) that is installed co-centrically with the axis (15) of the drawing drum and cogged on the outer circumference, there is connected at least one actuator element (6) that is essentially smaller in diameter and cogged on the outer circumference, which actuator element (6) can be made to rotate by means of an actuating motor (8) belonging to the actuator device.

Abstract: The tough guide chain is capable of easily connecting and disconnecting link modules. The guide chain includes a plurality of link modules detachably connected. Each link module comprises: a main body section including a bottom plate, a pair of side plates extended from the bottom plate and a flexible hinge plate extended from an edge of the bottom plate: a joint section connecting the flexible hinge plate of the adjacent link module with the bottom plate of the main body section; and a flap detachably attached to the side plates. The main body section is made of an elastic resin material, and the joint section is made of a tough material so as to reinforce and support the bottom plate and the side plates.

Abstract: A switch matrix is disclosed for keypads used in devices such as primary control points for automation systems in homes vehicles, or businesses. The switch matrix preferably includes a support frame for supporting a grid of key positioning members arranged in a series of rows and columns. The key positioning members each preferably include cantilevers which can be deflected by pressing the keys to activate switches associated with the keypad. The cantilevers preferably have knobs which are received in corresponding openings in the keys so that the keys can be removably attached to the cantilevers with a compression fit. This allows keys of different sizes and shapes to be easily attached to the keypad in various configurations without the need for different attaching devices for each situation.

Abstract: Increase in size can be controlled, manufacturing cost can be reduced, and accurate detection is possible even when the number of fixed contacts is increased. An inhibitor switch 1 comprising a pole base 21 on the fixed side supporting fixed contacts 27a and movable bases 23a, 23b that support movable contacts 31a and can move rotationally so as to cause movable contacts 31a to slide under the prescribed contact pressure against fixed contacts 27a the rotation position of manual shaft 5 side being detected by the sliding position of sliding contacts 31a with respect to fixed contacts 27a wherein fixed contacts 31a, 31b, 31c, 31d, 31e, 33a, 33b, 33c, 33d are provided on each of the two side surfaces of pole base 21, and movable bases 23a, 23b are arranged singly on each of the two side surfaces of pole base 21.

Abstract: A locking attachment is for a circuit breaker. The circuit breaker includes a housing enclosing separable contacts and an operating mechanism, an elongated operating member with a handle that operates to open and close the separable contacts, and an opening in the housing through which the elongated operating member protrudes. The opening has first and second ends corresponding to “on” and “off” circuit breaker positions, respectively. The locking attachment includes a locking member having a first end having a compressive segment with opposed portions for compressively capturing the operating member. The second end of the locking member is structured to engage the housing of the circuit breaker at one of the first and second ends of the opening in the housing, thereby locking the circuit breaker in either the “on” or “off” position.

Abstract: An enclosure which supports a standard receptacle for receiving a standard plug and a handle which can be positioned to a first position or a second position is provided. The handle, when in the first position, blocks the removal or insertion of the plug into the receptacle. In the fist position, the receptacle can be selectively connected by a user to a source of power. When the handle is in the second position, the plug can be removed or inserted into the receptacle and the receptacle is prevented from being connected to the source of power.

Abstract: A switch assembly includes a rotary-push switch group placed on a switch lever. The switch group includes rotary and push switches each having movable contacts supported on corresponding fixed contacts. The rotary switch includes a rotary actuating element actuable to rotate about a longitudinal axis of the switch lever to actuate its movable contacts. The push switch includes an actuating element actuable to move axially along the longitudinal axis in response to axially directed pushing movement to actuate its movable contacts. The fixed contacts associated with the movable contacts of the rotary switch lie in a plane transverse to the longitudinal axis. A slider is engaged to the rotary actuating element to rotate therewith to guide the movable contacts of the rotary switch concentrically about the longitudinal axis. The slider is push-decoupled to the rotary actuating element such that pushing movement is absent from being felt by the slider.

Abstract: A seesaw switch apparatus includes a manipulation knob which is tiltably supported, an operation plate which has an approximately L-shape in a plan view and is pushed and driven by the manipulation knob by way of a driver, first and second push switches which support both ends of the operation plate, and a third push switch which supports a bend of the operation plate. The driver is brought into contact with a portion of the operation plate closer to the first push switch than the third push switch, and the driver is brought into contact with a portion of the operation plate closer to the second push switch than the third push switch. The operation plate sequentially operates the first and third push switches in response to a descending amount of the driver and also sequentially operates the second and third push switches in response to a descending amount of the driver.

Abstract: A supporting base for a low-voltage power circuit breaker of the draw-out or removable type, comprising a substantially parallelepipedal body that has a rear wall, a front wall, two side walls, an upper wall and a lower wall, first and second terminals being provided respectively on the upper and lower walls in order to provide direct or indirect electrical connection to corresponding conductors of a power supply circuit; its particularity consists of the fact that third and fourth terminals are provided on the front wall and are suitable to facilitate electrical coupling to corresponding coupling terminals provided on the circuit breaker, the thrid and fourth electrical terminals being spaced from and electrically connected to, respectively, the first and second terminals.

Abstract: To enable to facilitate integration and part control by reducing a number of parts and a number of integrating steps and restrain electric contact performance from being deteriorated by preventing play, in a slide switch including a pole board 3 having a fixed contact and a movable board 11 made of a resin fixedly supporting a base portion 21 of a movable contact 19 and capable of sliding contact portions 25a, 25b, 25c, 25d, 25e at a front end of the movable contact 19 relative to the fixed contact by moving along the pole board 3, the base portion 21 of the movable contact 19 is formed in a shape of a flat plate, the base portion 21 of the movable contact 19 is fixed to the movable board 11 by insert-molding of the resin and the movable contact 19 is inclinedly supported by the movable board 11.

Abstract: To enable to restrain a portion only of a resin at a pole board made of the resin to restrain warp or a sink mark, in a slide switch including a pole board 3 made of a resin insert-molded with fixed contacts 9, 11, 13, 15 and 17 and a movable board supporting a movable contact and capable of sliding the movable contact relative to the fixed contacts 9, 11, 13, 15 and 17 by predetermined contact pressure by moving along the pole board 3, a metal plate 21 is insert-molded to a portion of the pole board 1 at which the fixed contacts 9, 11, 13, 15 and 17 are not present.

Abstract: There is provided an illuminated switch construction, which make it possible to ensure excellent visibility and operability of the illuminated switch, while the illuminated switch can be compact in size, cost-reduced and simple in structure. A substrate is formed therein with a plurality of guide holes. A switch unit and an LED are arranged on the substrate at locations adjacent to each other. The switch unit has a driven part driven for reciprocating motion. A pushbutton unit is formed by a diffuser sheet and a button body which are stacked one upon the other on a lamp house. A plurality of guide pins extend from the lamp house and are fitted through the respective guide holes. The lamp house has a fitting part formed therein with a fitting hole in which a head part of the driven part of the switch unit is fitted and held. When a depressing part of the button body is depressed, the pushbutton unit performs reciprocating motion in a manner interlocked with the driven part.

Abstract: The present invention is for an ambidextrous lockout switch system for use with a power tool. With the system of the present invention in place, a multi-step process must be carried out before the power tool can be activated. The system is adapted for the process to be carried out with either a left or a right hand. The present invention includes a handle body having a switch trigger or lever blockable by a barrier. The barrier is movable with either a left or a right lockout button, with the right lockout button being operably linked to the left lockout button. The system includes also a spring, which is mechanically coupled to the barrier. The spring effectively restores the barrier to a position in which the barrier blocks actuation of the switch trigger or lever.

Abstract: A keyswitch structure for computer keyboard includes a keycap, a first lever, a second lever, a base and a balance rod. The base has two grooves and each groove has a rectangular hole. The rectangular hole has an accommodating section on a bottom side thereof. The balance rod has a center rod section and two lateral rod sections vertically extending from two ends of the center rod section. The center rod section is pivotally connected to the connection stage of the keycap and the two lateral rod sections pass through the rectangular holes. The keyswitch structure has reduced gap between the balance rod and the base and thus reduces noise thereof.

Abstract: A tact switch (100) includes a top cover (1), an actuator (2), a metal dome (3), a rubber disc (4), a conductive disc (5) and a housing (6). The housing has four contacts (7) retained therein. The rubber disc is attached to an underside of the metal dome, and the conductive disc is attached to the rubber disc. The metal dome fits into a bottom of the housing with the conductive disc spaced a short distance above the contacts. The actuator is slidably mounted above the metal dome. The top cover is mounted on the housing and includes a plate (11) with a curved lever (12) extending therefrom. The curved lever confronts a ramp (211) of the actuator. In operation, when the actuator is pressed into the housing, the lever of the top cover is forced downwardly by the ramp of the actuator to depress the metal dome, which pushes the conductive disc into electrical connection with the contacts.

Abstract: A switch device comprises a first rubber switch having a dome provided with a movable contact on an inner ceiling; a second rubber switch having a dome provided with a movable contact on an inner ceiling; a plate spring mounted in a fixed manner onto a holder; a coil spring urged to a direction to space a slider away from a printed board; engagement sections for giving click feelings which are provided on the plate spring; engagement sections to be engaged with the aforementioned engagement sections for giving click feelings; and a pressing force absorbing section provided on the first rubber switch to absorb a pressing force from the slider.

Abstract: This invention relates to a switch selecting conduct or insulation at a point of electrical contact comprising a key member pushing the switch, a cap member made of a material not compatible to the key member and covering the key member. The key member is covered by the cap member, and the key member and the cap member are formed in a united body substantially. A separate hole for separating the cap member is opened in the key member.

Abstract: A method and device for enhancing distillation in an evaporator. The evaporator includes phase change chambers, such as vertically-oriented cylindrical evaporation tubes. Each chamber has an evaporation region that can be heated externally. Each chamber has an inlet for introducing liquid to the chamber and an outlet opening for allowing vapor to exit from the chamber. Packing is inserted into one or more chambers to enhance distillation. The packing may include a rod with bristles emanating from the rod. Other chamber packing may include multiple rods or a mesh.

Abstract: The present invention provides a continuous process for recovering acetone from a waste stream from an acetone purification stage, whereas said waste stream comprises mesityl oxide and optionally acetone by separating the waste stream in a separating device at least in one stream comprising mesityl oxide and optionally a further stream comprising acetone, by than concentrating mesityl oxide in the mesityl oxide containing stream and finally by recycling the concentrated mesityl oxide stream to the separating device and bringing it into contact with a basic or acidic aqueous medium or with an acidic catalyst in the presence of water whereby mesityl oxide is at least partially hydrolyzed to acetone.

Abstract: A process for the catalytic reaction of organic compounds, in which the organic compounds are contacted with a catalyst comprising an interstitial metal hydride, having a reaction surface, to produce a catalyst-organic compound mixture, energy is applied, monatomic hydrogen is produced at the reaction surface of the interstitial metal hydride, and the organic compounds are reacted with the monatomic hydrogen. Reactions accomplished by this process include petroleum hydrocracking and hydrotreating processes. The method's performance can be further enhanced using radio frequency (RF) or microwave energy.

Abstract: A method is provided for the production of biofuels. The method includes contacting at least one of a plant oil, an animal oil and a mixture thereof with a catalyst including an acid or solid acid, thereby producing a catalyst-oil mixture. RF or microwave energy is applied to at least one of the catalyst, the plant oil, the animal oil, the mixture, and the catalyst-oil mixture to produce the biofuel. The process can be adjusted to produce gasoline, kerosene, jet fuel, or diesel range middle distillate products.

Abstract: An apparatus for providing an electrical bias to a substrate in a processing system is described. The apparatus generally includes a conductive annular body defining a central opening. The conductive annular body may have a substrate seating surface adapted to receive the substrate and a plurality of scallops formed on a surface opposing the substrate seating surface. A plurality of electrical contacts may be formed on the substrate seating surface opposite the plurality of scallops. The electrical contacts may be adapted to engage a plating surface of the substrate.

Abstract: An apparatus for securing a substrate in an electrochemical deposition system is provided. The apparatus generally includes a substrate support member adapted to receive the substrate and a thrust plate assembly adapted to exert a downward force on the substrate. For some embodiments, a first sealing member adapted to engage a plating surface of the substrate may be attached to the substrate support member. The apparatus may also include a second sealing member adapted to engage a non-plating surface of the substrate or a surface of the substrate support member to prevent the flow of plating fluid to a non-plating surface of the substrate. The apparatus may also include electrical contacts to electrically contact the plating or non-plating surface of the substrate.

Abstract: A plating device and a plating method are provided that are capable of enhancing uniformity in plating on a treatment surface of an object to be treated.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrolysis device, comprising at least one horizontal electrolytic cell with a housing (6) and an anode (8) that has a membrane or a diaphragm (18), and a cathode (9) that has a gas diffusion electrode (17). The device further comprises supply (21) and discharge (23) means for gas (3) which lead to or away from the gas chamber (22) of the cathode (9), and supply (16; 19) and discharge (16; 20) means for electrolytes (1) which lead to or away from the first electrolytic chamber (4) and to or away from the second electrolytic chamber (5). The anode (8) and the membrane or the diaphragm (18) have at least one respective opening for the supply (19) of electrolytes (1) to the second electrolytic chamber (5), and at least one one further opening for the discharge (20) of electrolytes from the second electrolytic chamber.

Abstract: Object of the invention is an anodic structure for mercury cathode cells for the industrial electrolysis of sodium chloride. The new structure is constituted by a grid array comprising a multiplicity of vertically disposed and mutually parallel titanium blades, covered by an electrocatalytic coating specific for the discharge of chlorine. The ratio between the thickness and the height of the blades is comprised between 1:16 and 1:100 and the ratio between the surface of free passage between the blades and the projected surface is comprised between 15:17 and 25:30. The new grid array is perpendicularly fixed to new or existing frames having the function of mechanical support and current conduction to the grid array. Scope of the invention is simultaneously reducing the energetic consumption of the cell and the costs for restoring the exhausted electrocatalytic coating.

Abstract: Cathode plate edge protector systems formed by secondary and tertiary molding processes, in which fluid plastic is molded around and/or introduced into previously manufactured plastic edge protectors. A U-shaped edge protector system is formed by bevel-cutting abutting ends of edge protector strips, securing the strips in the desired configuration a molding jig, and molding corner pieces around the abutting ends. The system is then removed from the jig and slip-installed over the two sides and the bottom edge of a cathode plate. In an optional tertiary molding process, fluid plastic may be introduced into the remaining void between the edge protector system and the cathode plate. Another edge protector system is formed by mounting edge protector strips on opposing side edges of a cathode plate, damming the open ends, and introducing fluid plastic in the contained voids between the strips and the cathode plate.

Abstract: A one-piece edge strip to be mounted on the bottom edge of a cathode used in electrolysis has a channel running longitudinally of the edge strip. The channel is designed to receive the bottom edge of the cathode. The edge strip is provided with a receptacle at either end of the channel, and each receptacle can accommodate an end portion of an edge strip mounted on a side edge of the cathode.

Abstract: An electrokinetic pump achieves high and low flow rates without producing significant gaseous byproducts and without significant evolution of the pump fluid. A first feature of the pump is that the electrodes in the pump are capacitive with a capacitance of at least 10−4 Farads/cm2. A second feature of the pump is that it is configured to maximize the potential across the porous dielectric material. The pump can have either or both features.

Abstract: Raw material supplying sources, namely a target and a microwave gun are provided in a vacuum chamber such that they oppose a substrate, and a main evacuation port is disposed closer to the microwave gun between both the raw material supply sources. A control system memorizes oxygen gas flow rate under a predetermined argon gas flow rate, and sputter film formation rates comprised of three modes of high-, middle- and low-speeds, namely, high-speed metallic species film forming mode, low-speed compound species film forming mode and intermediate film forming mode depending on the oxygen gas flow rate, as reference data. At the time of film formation under a predetermined argon gas flow rate, an oxygen gas flow rate and an argon gas flow rate corresponding to the high-speed metallic species film forming mode are selected.

Abstract: A rotary target for use in a physical deposition process. The rotary target comprises at least one rotary target segment mechanically disposed on a backing tube.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a novel rectangular sputtering magnetron cathode that significantly improves target utilization and sputtering efficiency. Different from conventional magnetron design that considers only magnetic field distribution and is, therefore, qualitative or empirical, the present magnetron cathode is developed through computer-aided simulation of plasma discharge. The magnetic and electric fields are optimized in a combined manner by quantitatively simulating electron trajectories, electron/Ar collisions, space charge distribution, and target erosion profile. Sputtering tests with Cu target show a target utilization of 55%˜65%, much higher than conventional target utilization which is about 40%. Meanwhile, high sputtering efficiency is achieved by maintaining a relatively strong magnetic field over the surface of the target, which can be thicker than 12 mm, as a result of effective confinement of high-energy electrons.

Abstract: A polymer based enzyme electrode useful for estimation for cholesterol is disclosed. The electrode has an ion-doped layer to increase the conductivity of the poly pyrrole layer. The ion doping is achieved by incorporating dodecyl benzene sulphonate (DBS) in the poly pyrrole film deposited by electrochemical deposition The enhanced conductivity due to ion doping helps in faster estimation of cholesterol having a measured response time of 30 seconds. The shelf life of the electrode is at least eight weeks without a mediator at room temperature.

Abstract: The present invention relates a gas concentration detecting apparatus capable of appropriately making a decision on activation of each of a pump cell, a monitor cell and a sensor cell of its gas concentration sensor. In the apparatus, a control circuit outputs an oxygen concentration value on the basis of a current flowing when a voltage is applied to the pump cell and outputs an NOx concentration value on the basis of a current flowing at the voltage application to the sensor cell. Moreover, the control circuit separately makes a decision on activation of the pump cell and a decision on activation of the sensor cell in the middle of the activation of the sensor. Still moreover, the control circuit makes the decision on the activation of the sensor cell after the activation of the pump cell reaches completion.

Abstract: Two concentration techniques, adsorption and electrodialysis, are combined to enrich lithium ions in brine from a level of several ppm to about 1.5%. At beginning brine is subjected to an adsorption, so that Li content is increased to 1200-1500 ppm, followed by two stages of electrodialysis in series to increase Li ions to about 1.5%. Li depleted solution from the second stage of electrodialysis having a Li content of 1200-1500 ppm is recycled to the first stage of electrodialysis as a feed. Li depleted water from the first stage of electrodialysis is subjected to a residue recovery electrodialysis to form a Li enriched solution of 1200-1500 ppm, which is also recycled to the first stage of electrodialysis as a feed. Li depleted solution from the residue recovery electrodialysis is recycled as a feed of the adsorption, so as to sufficiently recover Li ions from brine.

Abstract: Pulse reverse electrolysis of acid copper solutions is used for applying copper to decorative articles, such as aluminium alloy automotive wheels and plastic parts for automotive use. The benefits include an improved thickness distribution of the copper electrodeposited on the plated article, reduced metal waste, reduced plating times and increased production capacity.

Abstract: Method for the electrolytic coating of a metal strip, in which the strip forms a cathode and is moved in its longitudinal direction relative to an anode, an electrolyte flowing at least between the strip and the anode, characterized in that the flow of the electrolyte is influenced by holding a body between the strip and the anode.

Abstract: A method for cleaning the electrical contact areas or substrate contact areas of an electrochemical plating contact ring is provided. Embodiments of the method include positioning a substrate on a substrate support member having one or more electrical contacts, chemically plating a metal layer on at least a portion of a surface of the substrate, removing the processed substrate from the support member, and cleaning the one or more electrical contacts with a vapor mixture comprising an alcohol. In another aspect, the method includes spraying the vapor mixture on the electrical contacts while rotating the substrate support member.

Abstract: A metal plating bath and metal plating process that contains aldehyde compounds that prevent or reduce the consumption of metal plating bath additives. The metal plating baths provide for an efficient plating method because the plating process need not be interrupted to replenish the plating bath with additives. The metal plating baths may be employed to plate metals such as copper, gold, silver, palladium, platinum, cobalt, chromium, cadmium, bismuth, indium, rhodium, iridium, and ruthenium.

Abstract: Polymers and copolymers comprising repeating units of 5 thieno[3,4-b]thiophene. Water-borne dispersions of such polymers and copolymers can be cast by conventional methods to provide uniform, thin films which possess utility in numerous electroactive applications including electrochromic displays, optically transparent electrodes and antistatic coatings. The compositions of this invention can be doped with conventional p-dopants or n-dopants. The invention also presents an aqueous process for preparing such polymeric compositions.

Abstract: Chlorine is produced by electrolysis of aqueous HCl, in a membrane electrolyzer, using cathodic mediators such as Fe(III) and/or Cu(II) chlorides and a non-catalysed 3-dimensional cathode, with the real surface area at least ten times higher than its projected area. The HCl electrolysis section is combined with an oxidiser for regeneration of the mediator, product water removal step and optional HCl recovery step. Under optimised conditions chlorine can be produced at very high current densities of 30 kA/m2, without initiating undesired H2 evolution reaction at the cathode.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an electrolyzer for electrolyzing water into a gaseous mixture comprising hydrogen gas and oxygen gas. The electrolyzer is adapted to deliver this gaseous mixture to the fuel system of an internal combustion engine. The electrolyzer of the present invention comprises one or more supplemental electrode at least partially immersed in an aqueous electrolyte solution interposed between two principle electrodes. The gaseous mixture is generated by applying an electrical potential between the two principal electrodes. The electrolyzer further includes a gas reservoir region for collecting the generated gaseous mixture. The present invention further discloses a method of utilizing the electrolyzer in conjunction with the fuel system of an internal combustion engine to improve the efficiency of said internal combustion engine.

Abstract: The “atmosphere and seawater hydrogen processor” has the advantage of making hydrogen as needed from the atmosphere and seawater by extracting the moisture from the atmosphere, also the power required in the operation will be generated in the applied application at a much lower cost per kilowatt.

Abstract: An electrochemical process for selectively stripping at least one coating from the surface of a substrate is disclosed. The substrate (often a turbine engine component) is immersed in a composition through which electrical current flows. The composition includes a halide salt, such as sodium chloride, ammonium chloride, and potassium chloride. In preferred embodiments, the electrical current is direct current (DC). The process is especially useful for selectively removing portions of diffusion aluminide coatings. For example, the additive layer can efficiently be removed, without substantially affecting the underlying diffusion layer or substrate. Related stripping compositions and apparatuses are also described.

Abstract: An electrokinetic device is capable of operating for extended periods of time, e.g. days to a week, without producing significant gaseous byproducts and without significant evolution of the pump fluid. Features of the electrokinetic device include: the electrodes in the electrokinetic device are capacitive with a capacitance of at least 10−4 Farads/cm2; at least part of the inner surfaces of the electrodes have an area greater than the effective area of the porous dielectric material; at least part of the inner surfaces of the electrodes have a current flux less than 20 microamperes/cm2; and at least part of the inner surfaces of the electrodes have a current flux that varies by less than a factor of two. The electrokinetic device can have one or several of these features in any combination.