Abstract: An Automatic Exposure Control (AEC) regulates the operation of the digital camera sensor array. The acquisition of images and videos is optimized through having the automatic exposure control lock the exposure time of the photo-sensor array prior to performing any digital processing on the acquired image. The automatic exposure control determines the amount of exposure through moving the median brightness to the center of the dynamic range.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a digital image capture system that uses modular replaceable image sensor components. The present invention permits a plurality of image sensors with different optical and opto-electronic properties to be used in the same camera body. The digital camera system of the present invention includes a camera body having a digital interface card connector, lens and series of digital interface cards each of which may interconnected to the camera body. Image sensors are positioned on the interface cards such that it when the card is placed in the camera by engaging the connector, the image sensor is aligned to the light from the lens. A microprocessor affixed within camera body is in electrical communication with said connector for receiving and processing image data communicated through said connector from said image sensor.

Abstract: A method is provided to smooth photometric variations across multi-projector displays. Photometric calibration is performed to generate a luminance attenuation map (LAM) for each projector. An image for each projector is modified using the luminance attenuation map (LAM) for each projector to provide image correction in real time. In the photometric calibration step a digital camera is used to measure the color response of the multi-projector display. Using the generated luminance attenuation map (LAM) for each projector for image correction in real time smoothes out distracting color variations across the multi-projector display while maximizing a perceived dynamic range of the display.

Abstract: A radio controlled tiled video display system, where each RF display tile receives video signal from a central controller and broadcast unit rather than from electrical interconnection. Each RF display tile has a unique ID which is mapped into a control unit. The control unit broadcasts to each tile separately to create the overall image. Complex interconnect schemes of the prior art are thus replaced by complex computing in the central controller and high-speed RF broadcast. By means of the present invention, very large flat-panel displays are now possible to cost-effectively manufacture and install in the field.

Abstract: A digital TV and a driving method thereof enable a user to view the digital TV without interruption even if the present operating system is in an abnormal state. The digital TV includes a digital TV receiving part for receiving and decoding a broadcasting stream from an outside, a host CPU for controlling the digital TV receiving part, a local CPU for controlling the digital TV receiving part if the host CPU operates in an abnormal state, and a programmable logic device for switching the control of the digital TV receiving part from the host CPU to the local CPU if the host CPU operates in the abnormal state.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for processing a video signal is provided for processing an input video signal comprising a plurality of subsequent video images. An additional image is superimposed on the input video signal in accordance with a control signal for producing a mixed video signal. Said control signal indicates the image area for superimposing the additional image. The mixed video signal is subsequently processed by a processing circuit in accordance with the control signal. The control signal indicates a different processing for separate image areas. In that way, a video signal, which has additional image data superimposed thereon may be processed without the occurrence of artifacts originating from a uniform processing of the mixed video signal.

Abstract: A vertical sharpness adjustment device with which a viewer of a TV receiver can choose a degree of vertical sharpness adjustment to enhance a contour of a picture in vertical direction is offered. The vertical sharpness adjustment device includes a terminal to which a vertical sharpness control signal given by the viewer is applied, a control circuit to which the vertical sharpness control signal from the terminal is applied and a vertical sharpness adjustment circuit which adjusts the degree of the vertical sharpness of a video signal according to the vertical sharpness control signal from the control circuit.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and an apparatus for color calibration for calibrating an input color. A target color represented by a first coordinate pair (X1, Y1). An input color, which is going to be calibrated, is represented by a second coordinate pair (X2, Y2) and can be adjusted with a saturation parameter Pb and a chrominance parameter Pr. The first coordinate pair (X1, Y1) and the second coordinate pair (X2, Y2) are compared to obtain a state. In response to the state, Pb and Pr are adjusted until the second coordinate pair is equal to the first coordinate pair. Therefore, the input color is calibrated to match the target color.

Abstract: At least one visual significance metric is determined (12) for at least some frames belonging to an original series of frames (11). Key frames are identified (13) as a function, at least in part, of the visual significance metric. Cumulative visual significance values are then determined (14) for at least some of the frames that intervene between each pair of key frames. These cumulative visual significance values are then used to identify (15) frames of additional content interest. Various frames are then selected (16) for use in a visual summary. In one embodiment, all of the key frames and frames of additional content interest are selected for inclusion in the visual summary.

Abstract: A personal entertainment unit including a chair having at least one arm within which is housed a projector. The arm includes a door enabling an image to be projected from the projector outside of the arm. The door, when closed, hides the projector from view. Alternatively, the door may be located on top of the arm and a periscope configuration is used to project the image upwardly and then horizontally from the arm to be displayed on a surface. The door is generally electrically driven and, when in a closed position, is flush with the upper surface of the arm.

Abstract: A video system comprises at least one media player, at least one display, wherein the at least one display is capable of receiving a first video signal and a first audio signal corresponding to a first program from the at least one media player, an assembly housing for supporting the at least one media player and the at least one display, and a wireless transmitter on the at least one display for wirelessly transmitting at least one of the first video signal and the first audio signal.

Abstract: An optical shifter includes first and second optical shifting sections, each of which can transmit an incoming light ray after having shifted its optical axis and which are arranged such that a light ray transmitted through the first optical shifting section enters the second optical shifting section. Each of the shifting sections includes: a liquid crystal element including a liquid crystal cell, which selectively changes the polarization direction of the incoming light ray responsive to a voltage applied thereto; and a birefringent element, which receives the light ray transmitted through the liquid crystal element and which exhibits one of different refractive indices according to the polarization direction of the incoming light ray. The magnitude of shift caused by the first optical shifting section between the optical axes of the incoming and outgoing light rays is substantially twice greater than that of shift caused by the second optical shifting section.

Abstract: Projection systems having o-plate compensation elements are described. The compensation elements may be negative, positive or biaxial anisotropic element and may have a homogeneous tilt or a splayed tilt. The compensation elements may be formed from a polymer liquid crystal. The compensation elements are designed to maximize azimuth-averaged contrast. The compensation elements may be placed on the same side of a liquid crystal panel when a micro-lens array is used to improve the ease of manufacture.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for fabricating a liquid crystal display.

Abstract: The method of fabricating a liquid crystal display device includes the steps of (a) fabricating a switching device on a substrate, (b) forming an interlayer insulating film on the substrate such that the switching device is covered with the interlayer insulating film, and (c) forming a transparent electrode on the interlayer insulating film, the transparent electrode being electrically connected to the switching device through the interlayer insulating film, the step (c) including (c1) depositing electrically conductive, transparent and amorphous material on the interlayer insulating film, (c2) patterning the material into the transparent electrode, and (c3) turning the transparent electrode into polysilicon by thermal annealing carried out after formation of an alignment film.

Abstract: Liquid crystal mixture comprising one or several compounds of formula (I) wherein R1: is H or a linear or branched alkyl group of 1 to 20 or a linear or branched alkenyl group of 2 to 20 C atoms, wherein in either case optionally one —CH2— group being replaced by cyclohexylen-1,4-diyl, or one or two —CH2— groups optionally being replaced by —O—, if non-adjacent to N, or by —C(═O)—, —Si(CH3)2—; and/or one or more H of the alkyl or alkenyl group optionally being replaced by F or CH3 R2: stands for a) H or F b.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display module includes a liquid crystal display panel having a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between a pair of substrates, an illuminating device disposed behind the liquid crystal display panel, an upper frame, and a lower frame. The upper and lower frames fix therebetween the liquid crystal display panel and the illuminating device as an integral unit in cooperation with each other. The upper frame is provided with at least one recessed portion in a sidewall thereof, the at least one recessed portion is set back in a direction parallel with major surfaces of the substrates from the sidewall, and a bottom of the at least one recessed portion is provided with a tapped hole adapted for engagement with a screw for mounting the liquid crystal display module to external equipment.

Abstract: The end surfaces of a transparent substrate to be adhered to an element-formed substrate are disposed outwardly of the corresponding end surfaces of the element-formed substrate, and the end surfaces of a transparent substrate to be adhered to an opposite substrate are disposed outwardly of the corresponding end surfaces of the opposite substrate, so that stepped portions are formed, with an adhesion portion being formed between the corresponding end surfaces.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a transparent insulating substrate, a gate line and a gate electrode on the transparent insulating substrate, a gate insulating film, an active layer, an ohmic contact layer, source and drain electrodes and a data line on the transparent insulating substrate, a passivation film formed on the transparent insulating substrate including the source and drain electrodes and the data line, a polarizing film formed on the passivation film, and a pixel electrode formed on at least the polarizing film.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display for displaying an image to be visible for a viewer, has a liquid crystal, a pair of electrodes for controlling an orientation of at least a part of the liquid crystal in accordance with an electric field between the electrodes, a light source for generating a light to be transmitted through the liquid crystal to the viewer, a pair of first and second polarizer plates, the first polarizer plate being arranged between the liquid crystal and the light source, and the second polarizer plate being arranged between the liquid crystal and the viewer, and a band-pass filter for absorbing a component of the light, a wave-length of which component is not more than 440 nm, and the band-pass filter being arranged between the light source and the viewer.

Abstract: Pixels of red, blue and green are sequentially arranged in the row. The red and green pixels are alternately arranged in the column while the blue pixels being repeatedly arranged in the column. The four red and green pixels surrounding the two blue pixels at the two neighboring pixel rows face each other around the blue pixels. Gate lines are arranged at the respective rows to transmit scanning signals. Data lines cross over the gate lines in an insulating manner, and are arranged at the respective columns to transmit picture signals. Pixel electrodes and thin film transistor are formed at respective pixels. The blue pixel has the same area as or an area smaller than the red and green pixels. The pixel electrodes are overlapped with the gate or the data lines via a passivation layer of low dielectric organic material or an insulating material such as SiOC, SiOF.

Abstract: A color liquid crystal display is provided comprising a front panel including at least one polarizer, a rear panel including at least one polarizer, liquid crystal placed between the front and rear panels, a reflective layer on the rear panel, and a matrix of color filters. The polarizer on the rear panel is an internal polarizer and placed before the matrix of color filters or between said matrix and the reflective layer. The combined thickness of all layers positioned between the matrix of color filters and the rear polarizer does not exceed 10 microns.

Abstract: An electro-optical apparatus is provided with a pixel electrode, a TFT connected thereto, and a scanning line and a data line connected thereto above a TFT array substrate. Furthermore, a junction layer, which performs the function of a pixel-potential-side capacitor electrode of a storage capacitor, and a capacitor line including a fixed-potential-side capacitor electrode arranged to face this with a dielectric film therebetween, are provided. A multilayer junction-layer connecting the junction layer and the pixel electrode is provided from the same multilayer film as the data line, while covering a notch portion of the capacitor line. The upper film of this multilayer film is made of a material unlikely to be subject to electrolytic corrosion by ITO of the pixel electrode compared with that in the lower film.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display is provided. The liquid crystal display includes a common electrode, a liquid crystal layer, a data line, a transmissive electrode, a reflective electrode, an auxiliary electrode and a dielectric layer. The transmissive electrode is electrically connected to the data line and defines a first capacitor device along with the liquid crystal layer and the common electrode. The reflective electrode defines a second capacitor device along with the liquid crystal layer and the common electrode. The auxiliary electrode is electrically connected to the transmissive electrode. The dielectric layer is disposed between the auxiliary electrode and the reflective electrode and defines a third capacitor device along with the auxiliary electrode and the reflective electrode. The third capacitor device is electrically connected to the second capacitor device in series.

Abstract: The invention relates to a transflective liquid crystal display device that has a high contrast ratio. The transflective liquid crystal panel includes a homogeneous liquid crystal such that the transflective liquid crystal display device will have an optical retardation when the voltage is applied. Therefore, in order to compensate the optical retardation caused by this liquid crystal, a thickness of the liquid crystal layer is adjusted. Moreover, a thickness of the retardation film is also adjusted. Accordingly, the complete dark state and the high contrast ratio are achieved in the liquid crystal display.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a transparent insulating substrate, a gate line and a gate electrode on the transparent insulating substrate, a gate insulating film, an active layer, an ohmic contact layer, source and drain electrodes, and a data line on the transparent insulating substrate, a passivation film formed on the transparent insulating substrate including the source and drain electrodes and the data line, a compensation film formed on the passivation film, and a pixel electrode formed on at least the compensation film.

Abstract: In the display apparatus of the present invention, an anisotropic scattering film having scattering anisotropy is placed covering the display plane so that the relationship between a standardized input signal and standardized output luminance at any view angle is averaged within a predetermined view angle range.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a liquid crystal injected between upper and lower plates, wherein the upper and lower plates have electrodes respectively formed thereon, an upper alignment film formed on the upper plate and a lower alignment film formed on the lower plate, wherein only one of the alignment films on the upper plate and the lower plate is aligned in to determine an incipient alignment direction of the liquid crystal.

Abstract: An In-Plane switching mode LCD device includes a plurality of gate and data lines crossing each other to define a plurality of pixel regions, a plurality of thin film transistor (TFT) formed at crossing points of the gate and data lines to be alternately positioned along lower and upper side pixel regions adjacent to corresponding gate lines, a plurality of storage lines disposed in an offset configuration to be parallel with the gate lines along the TFT regions, a plurality of pixel electrodes within the pixel regions to be connected to drain electrodes of the TFTs, and a plurality of common electrodes disposed at fixed intervals from the pixel electrodes to be connected to the storage lines.

Abstract: An LCD panel of high resolution (with decreased pixel pitch) and a method for manufacturing the same. In the LCD panel, the even numbered data lines are formed only up to the cell region of a substrate and then extended up to the pad region using conductive patterns. With the use of refracted conductive patterns, the even numbered data pads could be extended from the even numbered data lines and arranged parallel to the odd-numbered data pads along the longitudinal direction of odd-numbered data lines, thereby decreasing the pitch. Instead of using the conductive patterns, the even numbered data lines may be made longer than the odd numbered data lines in the pad region and may be refracted appropriately to arrange the even numbered data pads in parallel to the odd numbered data pads along the longitudinal direction of the odd numbered data lines.

Abstract: A display including: a scan line for driving pixels formed on an insulating substrate; a signal line which crosses the scan line; and a driving circuit connected to the signal line and, in a region other than a display region constructed by the pixels, directly mounted on the insulating substrate. A warp amount of a portion corresponding to the region in which the circuit is mounted, in a face opposite to the side of insulating substrate, on which the driving circuit is mounted, is 2 &mgr;m or less. The warp amount of the insulating substrate, which occurs when the driving circuit is directly mounted on a terminal on the insulating substrate, is set to 2 &mgr;m or less, and the display realizing suppressed luminance nonuniformity and high display quality can be obtained.

Abstract: There is provided a liquid crystal display device in which light leaks near spacers are prevented. The liquid crystal display device controls the optical transmissivity of a liquid crystal layer interposed between substrates disposed in opposition to each other, by means of an electric field generated in the layer-thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer, includes spacers formed on a liquid-crystal-side surface of one of the substrates, signal lines formed on a liquid-crystal-side surface of the other substrate, an insulating film formed to cover the signal lines, and electrodes formed on the upper surface of the insulating film, each of which serves as one electrode contributing to control of the optical transmissivity of the liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal optical element includes two substrates, a liquid crystal layer, and at least two electrodes. The liquid crystal layer is provided between the substrates and includes liquid crystal molecules and dichroic dye molecules. The at least two electrodes are provided on the substrates so as to face each other with the liquid crystal layer interposed between them, and define one of multiple unit regions. In each unit region, the liquid crystal layer includes first and second liquid crystal regions within a range, which is approximately half or less as long as the wavelength of visible radiation as measured in a direction parallel to the surfaces of the substrates. The orientation directions of each pair of liquid crystal molecules in the first and second liquid crystal regions have azimuthal directions defining an angle of approximately 90 degrees while no voltage is being applied between the electrodes.

Abstract: A normally white supertwist nematic liquid crystal display of reflective type is provided. This display comprises a reflector, a layer of chiral nematic liquid crystal having a front aligning surface facing a light source and a rear aligning surface facing the reflector, and a front polarizer. The nematic liquid crystal has an optical retardation (&Dgr;nd) of the layer and a distribution of directors, wherein the chiral nematic liquid crystal has a twist angle (&PHgr;) between an alignment direction of the director at the front aligning surface and an alignment direction of the director at the rear aligning surface. The front polarizer is disposed between the layer of chiral nematic liquid crystal and the light source. The front polarizer has a transmission axis forming an angle (&agr;) with the alignment direction of the director at the front aligning surface of the chiral nematic liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: This invention consists of eye, safety, and/or prescription glasses with attached and/or attachable ear plug holders which may be attached or manufactured to glasses temple pieces by multiple means of molding, clips, clamps, screws, nuts, bolts, glueing, snaps, prongs, bands, such as plastic, metal, or rubber bands etc.

Abstract: A contact lens is provided for correction of corneal distortions by provision of a low modulus hydrogel volume placed within the contact lens structure to overlay the pupil area and conform to corneal irregularities without print-through distorting the outer surface of the contact lens. The lenses thereby provide spherical, multifocal, astigmatic, and prismatic corrections without any requirement for orientation control. Corrections for conitis and corneal irregularities are also possible without the need for additional lens modifications. These lenses can also accommodate tear pumping, high oxygen transmission, edges off-the-eye, visibility tints and cosmetic tints.

Abstract: An intraocular lens which is placed between an iris and a crystalline lens, includes: an optical part which has a predetermined refractive power, the optical part being larger in diameter than a diameter of a pupil and including a fine pore formed through the optical part and arranged within a region centering an optical center of the optical part corresponding to a pupil area; and a support part which holds the optical part in an eye.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for designing lenses useful for correcting astigmatism in which there is a progressive cylinder power. The lens of the invention permits the cylinder power to act under low luminance situations to a different extent than in higher luminance situations eliminating the need for extra toric minus power that may interefere near vision at mid range luminances while assisting distance vision at low luminance conditions.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are disclosed for treating near vision loss or deficiency, such as presbyopia. In contrast to conventional techniques, a peripheral ablation is provided in an annular zone of the cornea ranging from 5.5 to about 10+mm to increase the dioptic power of this peripheral zone. The central zone disposed within the peripheral zone of the cornea is left untreated, is corrected for other vision deficiencies or is corrected so that it reverts to its characteristics prior to the peripheral ablation.

Abstract: A method of acquiring images of the ocular fundus includes software processing acquired images to determine which areas of the fundus have been imaged and comparison software for determining which regions of the fundus need to be imaged but have not been thus far. Based on the processing and comparison, audible or visible feedback is provided to the patient prompting them to shift their line of sight so as to enable the capturing of the remaining regions of the fundus.

Abstract: The invention provides a multifocal ophthalmic lens that both corrects for the wearer's refractive prescription and takes into account pupil size of a specific individual or of a population of individuals. The invention provides a lens having an optic zone having a substantially circular central zone containing over-refracted near vision power and a diameter of about 2.5 mm or less.

Abstract: An apparatus for simulating the processing of eyeglass lenses where an operation control means displays a chamfering contour of an end portion of the edge of the eyeglass lens on a display means, and the operation control means is set to be capable of specifying a chamfering location of the chamfering contour. The apparatus can be utilized in connection with an eyeglass frame selecting system in which the eyeglass lens picture can be synthesized with the eyeglass frame image and the customer's facial image so that the effect for the eyeglass lens based on the lens prescription value of the customer can be known, is provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a projection viewing system of simplified construction and high illumination efficiency, which enables at least two of images varying with viewing directions to be simultaneously displayed in a viewable fashion. The system comprises display devices 1L and 1R for displaying images, projection optical systems 2L and 2R for magnifying and projecting images 3L and 3R displayed on the display devices 1L and 1R, a diffusing plate 5 located in the vicinity of images projected through the projection optical systems 2L and 2R and an eyepiece optical system 4 for projecting exit pupils of the projection optical systems 2L and 2R on the positions of the eyeballs of a viewer. The diffusing plate 5 has an angle of diffusion of up to 20° at full width half maximum.

Abstract: A color-separating and -recombining optical system provided between a light source and a projection lens in a projection display, has at least one prism assembly made up of at least two prisms bonded to each other with a bonding layer formed between the prisms. A white light emitted from the light source is divided into red-, green-, and blue-color light components related to primary colors. The light components are modulated by spatial light modulators in accordance with a video signal. The modulated light components are combined and projected onto a screen via the projection lens. The thickness of the bonding layer is varied as thin and thick for optical paths long and short, respectively, from the spatial light modulators to the bonding layer which each modulated light component emitted from the corresponding spatial light modulator reaches.

Abstract: A modular and scalable seamless tiled display apparatus includes multiple display devices, a screen, and multiple lens assemblies. Each display device is subdivided into multiple sections, and each section is configured to display a sectional image. One of the lens assemblies is optically coupled to each of the sections of each of the display devices to project the sectional image displayed on that section onto the screen. The multiple lens assemblies are configured to merge the projected sectional images to form a single tiled image. The projected sectional images may be merged on the screen by magnifying and shifting the images in an appropriate manner. The magnification and shifting of these images eliminates any visual effect on the tiled display that may result from dead-band regions defined between each pair of adjacent sections on each display device, and due to gaps between multiple display devices.

Abstract: Projection system. A projection apparatus is disclosed having a first vertical member and a second vertical member disposed parallel to the first vertical member, the second vertical member substantially the same length as the first vertical member. An upper crossbar member is disposed between the first and second vertical members and perpendicular thereto. An intermediate crossbar member is disposed between the first and second vertical members and perpendicular thereto and below the upper crossbar member to define a viewing area bounded by the first and second vertical members, the upper crossbar member and the intermediate crossbar member. A viewing screen is disposed over the viewing area.

Abstract: A presentation imaging system used for imaging machine readable information on an object is provided. The system includes an imaging device coupled to a processor. The imaging device senses the presence of an object within a field of view. A light source projects a structured beam at a first intensity to define an imaging area generally co-extensive with the field of view. Upon detection of the object, the processor signals the light source to project the beam at a second, higher intensity for imaging.

Abstract: A method of controlling a display system includes projecting an image onto a surface, projecting a control beam onto the surface, tracing an interpretable pattern with the control beam, detecting the interpretable pattern, and correlating the interpretable pattern with a predefined command.

Abstract: The projection display includes a light projector unit for generating and projecting light, an oscillator unit for oscillating light projected from the light projector unit, and a frequency generation and modulation unit. The frequency generation and modulation unit drives the oscillator unit and modulates the light projected by the light projector unit. In turn, the oscillator unit oscillates the light projected by the light projector unit in two dimensions, so that the projected light scans an incident surface in a raster pattern. At the same time, the frequency generation and modulation unit modulates the light produced by the light projector unit in synchronization with the scanning process and image data supplied so that the projected light produces images corresponding to the image data over a scanned area.

Abstract: An increase in size of a device manufacturing apparatus such as an exposure apparatus is suppressed, and at the same time, adverse effects caused by heat generated in a component are effectively prevented. Electrical components are arranged in a duct for flowing temperature adjusting gas, and cables are connected from the electrical components to other electrical components (e.g., a sensor, motor, and the like) arranged outside the duct (A13).