Abstract: A notebook computer with hidden multimedia controller. The notebook computer has a cavity and a multimedia device. A multimedia controller with a plurality of keys to control the multimedia device movably pivoted to the main body. The notebook computer has a switch with a rod. Two magnets are individually disposed on the rod and the multimedia controller. The multimedia controller is attracted, remaining in the cavity. When the switch is pressed, the multimedia controller is pushed out from the cavity by the repulsive magnetic force.

Abstract: The invention relates to the casings for portable communications devices. In particular the invention provides a casing formed from precious materials.

Abstract: A certificate-based encryption mechanism in which a source client does not access the entire certificate corresponding to a destination client when encrypting an electronic message to be sent to the destination client. Instead, the source client only requests a portion of the certificate from a certificate server. That portion includes encryption information, but may lack some or even all of the self-verification information in the certificate. The certificate server preferably performs any validation of the certificate prior to sending the encryption information to the source client. The certificate need not be separately validated by the source client, especially if the certificate server is trusted by the source client.

Abstract: In symmetric methods of encryption the key should be as long as the plaintext message. Such a key is difficult to generate if the plaintext data to be encrypted is enormous. The present invention provides a method of creating a random key of variable length which may be extremely long. It is generated by consecutively applying sub-keys having shorter non-repeating random lengths.

Abstract: A technique for modular multiplication of multi-precision numbers involves providing a table of pre-computed residues and reducing a large modular product to smaller modular equivalent using the table.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for encrypting/decrypting information, and the encrypting/decrypting system using the same, and a computer readable recording medium storing programs for realizing the above are disclosed. A method for encrypting information on a basic element-by-basic element basis, includes the steps of: a) receiving information to be encrypted; b) generating random number maps; c) decomposing the information into a plurality of basic elements which are classified into multiple channels; d) encrypting the basic elements and generating encrypted information; and e) outputting the encrypted information.

Abstract: An encryption apparatus comprises first and second N-round DES devices and first and second input circuits. The first N-round DES device cryptographically converts a digital input data block into a first digital output data block nonlinearly, based on an input of a set of encryption keys. The first input means receives and inverts the digital input data block. The second input means receives and inverts the set of encryption keys. The second N-round DES device cryptographically converts the inverted digital input data block into a second digital output data block nonlinearly, based on an input of the inverted encryption keys. The first and second N-round DES devices perform a cryptographic conversion process at the same.

Abstract: A microprocessor with multiple random bit generators is disclosed. The multiple random bit generators each generate a stream of random bits. One of the streams of random bits is selected to be used to accumulate into random bytes for provision to application programs. Which of the multiple random bit generator random bit streams is selected is determined by a selection value stored in a control register of the microprocessor. The selection value is programmable by an instruction executed by the microprocessor.

Abstract: A capacitance sensor usable as a fingerprint sensor is provided in which a timing controller (16) provides such a switching control as to first cause a switch (SA) in a sensor cell (100−k) to turn on to set the potential at a sense electrode to a reference potential and then a switch SB to turn on after the switch (SA) is turned off, whereby charge is stored from the sensor cell (100−k) into a reference capacitance Cf1 of a sensing circuit (13−k), the sensitivity of sensing the capacitance is raised by increasing the number of times the charge storage is repeated and only signal components are extracted by reducing noise components by averaging.

Abstract: A system and method of controlling ciphering of call information between a mobile communication terminal and a network initiates the transmission of a ciphering request from the terminal to the network. The network then transmits a ciphering authentication request message to the terminal and the terminal responds by transmitting a ciphering authentication response message to the network. The network then transmits a ciphering activation completion message to the terminal in accordance with the ciphering authentication response message. A system and method for controlling deactivation of ciphering of call information initiates transmission of a ciphering deactivation request from the mobile terminal to the network. The network then performs the ciphering deactivation and transmits a ciphering deactivation completion message to the terminal. Through these systems and methods, the user terminal controls ciphering and deciphering of call information instead of the network.

Abstract: The present invention uses a group key management scheme for admission control while enabling various conventional approaches toward establishing peer-to-peer security. Various embodiments of the invention can provide peer-to-peer confidentiality and authenticity, such that other parties, such as group members, can not understand communications not intended for them. A group key may be used in combination with known unicast security protocols to establish, implicitly or explicitly, proof of group membership together with bi-lateral secure communication.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the computer-assisted production of public keys for encoding information, whereby a piece of information can be encoded using a public key (14) and can be decoded using a private key (16) which is adapted to the public key (14). The public key (14) is composed of a first part and a second part (18,20). According to the invention, the first part (18) of the public key (14) is the same for all receivers (12, 12′, 12″) of encoded information, and the second part (20) of the public key (14) is calculated taking into account the data clearly indicating a receiver (12).

Abstract: A method for decoding an audio signal includes receiving a digital audio signal having a plurality of channels defined thereon, wherein one of the plurality of channels is a center channel and at least one of the other of said plurality of channels is a remaining audio channel; comparing the center channel with the at least one of the other of the plurality of channels to determine a ratio of the center channel to the other of the plurality of channels; and automatically adjusting the center channel and the at least one of the plurality of other channels when a predetermined value for the ratio is not met.

Abstract: A sound system and method for modeling a sound field generated by a sound source and creating a sound event based on the modeled sound field is disclosed. The system and method captures a sound field over an enclosing surface, models the sound field and enables reproduction of the modeled sound field. Explosion type acoustical radiation may be used. Further, the reproduced sound field may be modeled and compared to the original sound field model.

Abstract: In a sound reproducing apparatus, a target control value is determined automatically from a noise and a sound radiated from a loudspeaker unit, and a volume of a reproduced sound is naturally compensated according to an amount of the noise against a masking due to a noise at a listening point. A first microphone is located near a loudspeaker box, and a second microphone is located in the loudspeaker box. A gain of s variable gain amplifier is changed so that an integrated value of a signal obtained by filtering and adding the outputs of the microphone may be equal to an integrated value of the filtered signal of the output of the variable gain amplifier.

Abstract: An audio effector circuit includes a first automatic level control circuit for processing an input audio signal into a first control-resultant audio signal, and a second automatic level control circuit for processing the input audio signal into a second control-resultant audio signal. The first automatic level control circuit has a first predetermined attack time and a first predetermined release time longer than the first predetermined attack time. The second automatic level control circuit has a second predetermined attack time and a second predetermined release time. The second predetermined attack time is longer than the first predetermined attack time. The second predetermined release time is substantially equal to the first predetermined release time. A subtracter operates for providing a difference signal representing a difference between the first control-resultant signal and the second control-resultant signal. An adder operates for adding the difference signal to the input audio signal.

Abstract: In an electronic stethoscope, a filter unit receives and filters an audio signal attributed to a human body part and received by a receiver so as to output a set of target signals associated with the audio signal. The target signals have frequencies within specific frequency bands and are converted into a set of digital signals. An operating unit is operable so as to generate an input mode signal corresponding to a selected operating mode for selecting one of the digital signals. A processor receives the set of digital signals and the input mode signal, and processes and outputs one of the digital signals that is selected according to the input mode signal. An audio playback unit receives and reproduces output of the processor.

Abstract: Harmonic interference caused by limit cycles occurs in the resultant signals of filters for noise conversion as a consequence of limit cycles. A feedback loop is connected downstream of the actual filter and is used to effectively suppress the limit cycles. A feedback signal yFB that is added to the output signal of the filter block is generated in the feedback loop. The invention can be implemented using both analog and digital technology.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus and method thereof include a plurality of sound input channels through which audio signals are input, a plurality of individual volume controllers to individually control output volume levels of the audio signals input through the sound input channels, and a mixer to mix the audio signals provided by the individual volume controllers and to output mixed audio signals. The electronic apparatus includes a selection part through which one of the sound input channels is selected, and a controller controlling the individual volume controllers to make the selected sound input channel have a normal volume level and to lower the output volume levels of unselected input channels below a predetermined volume level.

Abstract: A microphone is equipped with an element (13) for measuring the distance to a sound emitter, for example the face of an artist. The distance measurement element (13) can be part of the acousto-electric transducer (7) of the microphone, and it can be a piezo-electric ultrasound echo range finder (15, 16).

Abstract: Provided is a portable multi-channel amplifier. The portable multi-channel amplifier includes an input/output adapter and a body. The input/output adapter includes a plurality of cable connectors for connecting an external audio system for reproducing an audio signal, a device for outputting an audio signal as sound via cables, and a circuit connector for connecting the cable connectors to an external circuit. The body includes a connection portion into which the circuit connector of the input/output adapter is inserted and which can be detached from the circuit connector, and a processing circuit for processing the audio signal, which is input from the external audio system through the connection portion, as a multi-channel signal and outputting the multi-channel signal to the outside through the connection portion. A user that carries the portable multi-channel amplifier, which is connected to a portable audio system, can listen to surround stereophonic sound anywhere.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed for automatically detecting the current speaker configuration of a home theater system. An audio/video receiver of a home theater system automatically detects which sound channels have speakers attached so that audio output may be provided according to the current speaker configuration.

Abstract: A device with acoustic effect and a housing for being located in the cavum conchae of a human ear. The housing has a face adapted for abutment on the tragus, a face adapted for abutment on the antitragus, a mouthpiece adapted for being inserted into the mouthing of the auditory tract. A resilient means is adpated to abutment on the cartilage arch between the antihelix and the concha and influences the housing by a force oriented forwards towards the tragus. The resilient means is a leaf spring with a spring rigidity that decreases with the distance from the housing, whereby a uniform distribution of the force towards the cartilage arch at the concha is provided. The device may be a passive noise shield or it may have on eor two transducers for one-way or two-way communication.

Abstract: A hearing aid includes a signal path having an input transducer, a processor and an output transducer, the hearing aid further including a radio frequency receiver, where the receiver includes a single crystal oscillator providing a single oscillator frequency and where means are provided for generating a further number of receiving frequencies by transforming the oscillator frequency to the desired receiving frequencies. The hearing aid and the RF receiver may be separate or integrated. The invention further relates to a separate element comprising a RF receiver, the separate element being adapted for mounting on a hearing aid.

Abstract: A device to be insertion in an auditory canal of the ear of a human user to assist teh delievry of an auditory stimulus to the middle ear near the eardrum has a shell with a generally cone-shaped exterior defined by a larger end for positioning toward the external end of the auditory canal and a smaller end for positioning toward the internal end of the auditory canal. At least one internal passage communicates the larger end with the smaller end. the shell is formed from a material selected from the group consisting of soft thermoplastics (STP), thermoplastic elastomers (TPE), thermoplastic rubber (TPR) and any combination of the foregoing, so that it has a Shore A hardness of less than about 80 and the exterior of the shell compresses to be frictionally retained in the auditory canal of the user. In another embdiment of the device, a soft pliable shell is provided to enclose a rigid case of a hearing assistance device which is worn behind the pinna of the ear of a human user.

Abstract: An information display device is assembled with at least one temple of a spectacle frame. The information display device includes a circuit and a speaker located close to a user's ear. The circuit is connected to the speaker via a wire. The information display device converts the electromagnetic wave from the base station to a direct current that make the speaker sound. Since the information display device is arranged inside the temple of the spectacle frame close to the user's ear, the user is quickly alerted of an incoming telephone call.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a fastening device formed at a cable of an earphone, the fastening device comprising a first half member and a second half member, both of the two members having a clipping end at one end, a holding end at the other end and a central hinge disposed therebetween with a shaft passing therethrough and a spring put on the shaft, the spring having both ends urged against the first half member and the second half member; wherein the first half member further comprises a recess for fitting a receiver of the earphone therein and a fastening element for securing the receiver in the recess.

Abstract: An improved structure for the sound coil of loudspeaker comprises a cylinder provided with multiple layers of coils surrounding one end thereon. The coils are divided into sections in the middle position which provide more than two conducting wires. The cylinder is rolled by a single plate and is provided with four layers of coils. The conducting wire extends to the other end of cylinder and is wrapped with oilpaper; and connects to a piece of thick wire. The cylinder is provided with several ventilation holes. Every two layers of coil being a independent wire material, the sound coil comprised four conducting wires; or each layer of coil being a independent wire material, the sound coil comprised eight conducting wires. Thus the sound coil produces larger output power and reduces the size of sound coil, the coils surrounding the cylinder, production costs, and the size of products.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for monitoring the stamps on mail items. According to the invention, said method is characterized in that graphic information is captured in at least one selected read area of the mail, whereupon the stored graphic information is compared to the graphic representation of the stamps. If the graphic information does not match one of the stored images, said mail is subjected to a another monitoring step. The invention also relates to a device which is suitable for carrying out the above-mentioned method.

Abstract: Provided is a technology for helping safe driving and realizing automatic driving of vehicles, or for counting the number of passing vehicles on the road or monitoring those passing vehicles for their driving. Using a plurality of cameras mounted in a vehicle or provided above a road, even if the relationship between the road plane and the respective cameras constantly changes in relative position or posture due to camera vibration or a change in road tilt, any obstacles located on the road such as other vehicles ahead, parked vehicles, and pedestrians on the road are detected without confusing those with textures including white lines, road signs, paint, road stains, and shadows of roadside objects, all of which do not disturb vehicle driving.

Abstract: A mobile apparatus is provided, which includes a plurality of imaging devices, a measurement device for measuring a current position and direction of the imaging devices, a map data storing section which stores map data including at least registered information on positions of stationary objects, a recognized distance calculating section which obtains a parallax for a plurality of images, a reference distance calculating section which calculates a reference distance from the imaging devices to a front border of each stationary object, a retracting section for determining a range of image processing, which selects a set of pixels to be processed so as to generate a retracted image, a detecting section for detecting objects from the retracted image, a transport device, and a transport controller for controlling movement of the transport device according to information about the objects detected by the detecting section.

Abstract: The disclosed image processing system detects the position and speed of a vehicle with high accuracy by accurately measuring the orientation of a rotatable surveillance camera 3 by means of image processing. This system allows mode setting to be switched between an automatic monitoring mode and a manual operation mode. When the mode is switched from the manual operation mode to the automatic monitoring mode, an image processing apparatus 7 recognizes on a screen a plurality of reference points 11 whose locations on a road are given, calculates orientation parameters of the surveillance camera 3 based on the positions of the reference points on the screen, and detects the position and speed of the vehicle based on photographed images of the vehicle using the orientation parameters, thereby detecting phenomena such as traffic congestion and accidents.

Abstract: An image analysis method for analyzing the motion of an object by using the time-series image data. The method comprises inputting time-series image data, generating time-series object image data by extracting an object region from the time-series image data, and analyzing the motion of the object from the time-series object image data.

Abstract: In an information device, a fingerprint image capture section captures a fingerprint image of an operator. When a fingerprint image captured by the fingerprint image capture section is referred to as a first fingerprint image and a fingerprint image captured at a given time interval after the first fingerprint image is captured is referred to as a second fingerprint image, a comparison section compares minutiae points of the first and second fingerprint images extracted by a minutiae point extraction section. An image generation section generates image information which is changed while reflecting the comparison results of the comparison section. A display section displays an image based on the image information generated by the image generation section. The information device may be provided with a check section, and display control by the display section may be performed after a fingerprint image is checked by the check section.

Abstract: Secure detection of a finger in contact with a sensor. A fingerprint collation program is proposed, in which data outputted from a fingerprint reading sensor is classified into predetermined patterns according to data of a maximum threshold value or more, data of a minimum threshold value or less and an amplitude constituted by a difference obtained based on the maximum and the minimum values of the outputted data. Such fingerprint collation program determines the object that is in contact with the sensor based on the classified patterns. For example, determines whether the object is a finger or not. The present invention may be applied to a fingerprint collation apparatus.

Abstract: A method for coloring of voxel and image data processing and visualization system That consists of providing an intensity function for each one of the voxels, and mapping of each one of the intensity functions to at least first and second color coordinates of a color continuum to provide a color for each one of the voxels.

Abstract: A functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), and in particular the trigeminal ganglion (TG), to determine activation in response to sensory input. The sensory input may, for example, be application of heat and/or mechanical stimuli to the face to produce pain.

Abstract: A method for determining the best entry point for a percutaneous procedure, such as with a biopsy needle, comprises selecting first and second arbitrary entry points on a patient; determining the three dimensional (3-D) orientation of the needle at the first arbitrary entry point for pointing the needle at the primary target; determining the 3-D orientation of the needle at the first arbitrary entry point for pointing the needle at the secondary target; determining the 3-D dimensional orientation of the needle at the second arbitrary entry point for pointing the needle at the primary target; determining the 3-D orientation of the needle at the second arbitrary entry point for pointing the needle at the secondary target; determining a 3-D line representing the intersection of a first plane containing the first arbitrary entry point, the primary target point, and the secondary target point, and a second plane containing the second arbitrary entry point, the primary target, and the secondary target point, whereb

Abstract: A method for determining the best entry point for a percutaneous procedure, such as with a biopsy needle, comprises selecting first and second arbitrary entry points on a patient; determining the three dimensional (3-D) orientation of the needle at the first arbitrary entry point for pointing the needle at the primary target; determining the 3-D orientation of the needle at the first arbitrary entry point for pointing the needle at the secondary target; determining the 3-D dimensional orientation of the needle at the second arbitrary entry point for pointing the needle at the primary target; determining the 3-D orientation of the needle at the second arbitrary entry point for pointing the needle at the secondary target; determining a 3-D line representing the intersection of a first plane containing the first arbitrary entry point, the primary target point, and the secondary target point, and a second plane containing the second arbitrary entry point, the primary target, and the secondary target point, whereb

Abstract: An extracting method of a pattern contour, includes acquiring an image of a pattern to be inspected, calculating a schematic edge position of the pattern from the image, preparing an approximate polygon by approximating a polygon consisting of edges having predetermined direction components to a contour shape of the pattern on the basis of the calculated edge position, dividing the approximate polygon into star-shaped polygons, calculating the position of a kernel of the star-shaped polygon, and searching an edge of the pattern in a direction connecting the kernel to an arbitrary point positioned on the edge of the approximate polygon.

Abstract: An indentation hardness test system includes a frame having a movable turret, a movable stage for receiving a part, a camera, a display, a processor and a memory subsystem. The turret includes an objective lens of a microscope and an indenter and the movable stage is configured for receiving the part to be tested. The camera captures images of the part through the microscope, which can then be provided on the display. The processor is coupled to the turret, the movable stage, the camera and the display, as well as the memory subsystem. The memory subsystem stores executable code that instructs the processor to capture and store a series of real-time images of the part using the camera, store associated stage coordinates provided by the stage for the images and display a composite image, which includes the series of real-time images assembled according to the associated stage coordinates, of the part.

Abstract: A method and software program for determining printability of a defect on a reticle or photomask onto a substrate during processing. That is performed by creating a pixel grid image having a plurality of individual pixel images showing the defect. A gray scale value is assigned to each pixel image of the pixel grid image and a probable center pixel of the defect is selected. Then the polarity of the defect is determined, with a coarse center pixel of the defect optionally selected using the probable center defect and polarity of the defect. If a coarse center pixel is selected, then a fine center of the defect can optionally be selected from the coarse center pixel and polarity of the defect. From the center pixel the physical extent of the defect can be determined followed by the determination the transmissivity energy level of the physical extent of the defect.

Abstract: An inspection system, and process for use thereof, allows for inspecting of semiconductors or like substrates with minimal or no wasted image space.

Abstract: A method for approximating an object's pose from a camera generated image of a scene is performed by first extracting a binary map from the image. The binary map is filtered to include silhouettes of objects located within a predetermined range of distances from the camera. An initial binary shape template may be applied to the binary map to locate potential target object silhouettes. Iterative stages of binary templates are applied to the each target object silhouette that represent a range of poses of the target object. Each stage of templates has higher spatial fidelity than the previous stage and poses corresponding to templates that do not sufficiently match the silhouette are eliminated from consideration. The target object's pose is approximated based on a set of templates that best matches the target object silhouette.

Abstract: The invention relates to reconstruction of 3-dimensional scenes from uncalibrated images, and provides a robust and systematic strategy for using cheirality in scene reconstruction and camera calibration. In particular, the invention is directed towards upgrading a general projective reconstruction to a quasi-affine reconstruction. The idea according to the invention is to deduce a number of cheirality constraints with regard to the cameras by statistical use of the scene points in a voting procedure. The deduced cheirality constraints act as constraints on the position of the plane at infinity, and by using linear programming a tentative plane at infinity can be determined. Based on this tentative plane at infinity, the initial projective reconstruction can be transformed into a reconstruction that is quasi-affine with respect to the cameras, a so-called QUARC reconstruction.

Abstract: A method of enhancing a source image for analysis. The method comprises the steps of digitizing the source image to obtain pixel data comprising location data and density data, generating a three-dimensional model of the pixel data with the location data represented in first and second axes and the density data represented in a third axis, and analyzing the three-dimensional model to determine features of the source image.

Abstract: This invention is related to a method and an apparatus for reducing the zippers of image. The method uses a recovery model to reduce the zippers of image. The recovered model performs calculations which comprise the steps of setting a type of light sources and a sensing mode, measuring a voltage difference, estimating an amount of interference by a statistic method and establishing an interference model according to the amount of interference, and calculating the recovered model according to the interference model.

Abstract: A method and computer program product are disclosed for identifying output classes with multi-modal dispersion in feature space and incorporating multi-modal structure into a pattern recognition system architecture. A plurality of input patterns, determined not to be associated with any of a set of at least one represented output class by a pattern recognition classifier, are rejected. The rejected pattern samples are grouped into clusters according to the similarities between the pattern samples. Clusters that contain samples associated with a represented output class are identified via independent review. The classifier is then retrained to recognize the identified clusters as output pseudoclasses separate from the represented output class with which they are associated. The system architecture is reorganized to incorporate the output pseudoclasses. The output pseudoclasses are rejoined to their associated class after classification.

Abstract: A calculation method of nuclear reactor core on neutronic characteristics and thermal hydraulic characteristics is provided, which is capable of getting an equivalent calculation precision to a heterogeneous core calculation by a coarse mesh core calculation thereby achieving curtailment and reduction of calculation time and memory capacity.

Abstract: An adaptive image segmentation system and methodology based on Mixed Raster Content (MRC) format. A L*a*b* color image is processed into an object-based MRC representation. By using L*a*b* data, an expectation-maximization algorithm is used to estimate a mixture of two 3-D Gaussians, with one Gaussian representing the background pixels and the other the foreground pixels. A resultant-quadratic decision surface is calculated and all image pixels are compared against it. Depending on which side of the decision surface any given pixel falls, that pixel goes to either the background or foreground plane. The pixel-by-pixel decisions are used to comprise a mask plane. The mask plane is converted into run lengths, which are “cleaned”, and regions are merged. Large connected components are reserved as windows and are used to mask out portions of the foreground. The result is a background plane, a mask plane, a foreground plane and any number of foreground/mask pairs, consistent with the ITU T.