Abstract: A method includes providing an apparatus that includes a scoring device for making transverse score lines on a roll of sheet material, a dimpler device or dimpler roller for making dimples adjacent the score lines at predetermined width locations, and a rollformer adapted to continuously form the sheet material into a tubular shape with channels. A welder is positioned in line with the rollformer and is adapted to weld the tubular shape into a permanent tube. A break off device positioned in line with the rollformer is adapted to break off sections of the tube at the score lines as the permanent tube exits the rollformer.

Abstract: A fastener such as a self piercing rivet is inserted into sheet material without full penetration such that the deformed end of the rivet remains encapsulated by an upset annulus of the sheet material. The sheet material is disposed between a nose and a die of fastening apparatus. The rivet is inserted into the sheet material by means of a plunger that is reciprocal relative to the nose. Prior to rivet insertion no significant clamping force is applied to the sheet material and material immediately around the rivet insertion location is allowed to flow towards the rivet as to rivet is inserted. Thereafter during a second stage (being after said first stage) of rivet insertion a clamping force of sufficient magnitude is applied between the nose and the die in the region around the rivet insertion location so as substantially to prevent flow of displaced sheet material away from the rivet. The invention may also be applied to panel clinching.

Abstract: Techniques are described for making one-piece tubes for surgical instruments in which an inner tube that carries a cutting implement is disposed for movement within an outer tube having a cutting window that exposes the cutting implement to tissue. Swaging is performed to close an end of a tubular member that is to serve as either the inner tube or the outer tube. Other processing steps are also performed. For example, a selected amount of a protrusion formed by the swaging is cut away, the tube material is fused together at a seam formed by the swaging, and the closed distal end of the tubular member is formed into a selected shape. For example, the selected shape is rounded so that the distal end defines convex (e.g., substantially hemispherical) interior and exterior distal surfaces. This renders the tube suitable for use in full-radius surgical instruments. Alternatively, the selected shape is flattened so that the distal end defines flattened interior and exterior distal surfaces.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a metallic artificial nail for attachment to a natural nail includes the step of heat-stamping a metallic substrate having a heat-activatable layer to a surface of a contoured nail body whereby the metallic substrate is bonded to the nail body. Also provided is a die set for heat-stamping a metallic substrate onto a contoured nail body to form a metallic artificial nail which includes a die including a first contoured surface substantially corresponding to the contour of a bottom surface of the nail body for supporting the nail body in the die set and a punch including a second contoured surface positioned opposite the first contoured surface. The second contoured surface substantially corresponds to the contour of a top surface of the nail body for conforming the metallic substrate to the contour of the top surface of the nail body during heat-stamping.

Abstract: A stator core extends along a longitudinal axis and includes a yoke, and a plurality of radially-inwardly projecting teeth separated by intervening slots. A radially innermost portion of each tooth initially includes a pair of legs separated by a recess disposed therebetween. The conventional tooth tips are unformed in the first stage, thereby defining an increased-size slot opening for allowing the insertion of stator windings. In a second processing stage, after the core itself has been manufactured and wound with stator windings, the legs are cold-formed in order to form tooth tips, which define a reduced-size slot opening to provide a magnetic flux path and provide a wire retention function. A higher stator slot fill is provided, which allows and enables higher generator efficiencies and output for a given package size.

Abstract: A progressive stamping die assembly apparatus and method in which strip stock material advances in a first direction through the apparatus and substantially simultaneously with the strip stock movement, a transversely moveable die station moves in opposite second and third directions substantially perpendicular to the first direction to one of a plurality of predetermined positions.

Abstract: A method for attaching an additional object to a resonator body. The method includes the steps of (1) placing the additional object in a recess of a pushing part of an extrusion machine; (2) pressing the pushing part against a bloom of a resonator body; and (3) pulling the pushing part back from the resulting resonator body. The attaching of the additional object occurs in conjunction with the extrusion process.

Abstract: To provide a method of manufacturing a thin film magnetic head capable of realizing an accurate control of a pole width and a sufficient overwrite characteristic even when the pole width is narrowed. In a connecting portion of an intermediate portion and a tip portion in a top pole, a step face in a width direction of almost the right angle is provided. The step face has a first corner at an intersection portion between the step face and a side face in the tip portion. A positive photoresist is used for a photolithography process to form the top pole. A photomask used at the time of exposure includes a projection in a shape having an acute angle portion in a portion corresponding to the first corner in the top pole. Consequently, a wedge-shaped recess is formed in the first corner in the top pole. Thus, even when the throat height is changed, the recording track width is not changed and the recording track width can be prevented from being widened.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a combination type thin film magnetic head having an inductive type thin film magnetic head supported by a substrate including forming a first magnetic layer extending from an air bearing surface and forming an insulating layer on a surface of a portion of the first magnetic layer such that the insulating layer extends at least the air bearing surface and includes a -shaped cut-out portion.

Abstract: A component assembly system precisely aligns a plurality of components in a circumferential direction and assembles the components together. A plurality of guide channels extending radially from an axis are formed in a disc-shaped base member. A plurality of slide members on which the upper and lower ends of coils are mounted are supported in the guide channels in a slidable manner. The slide members are positioned so as to make contact with a circular first positioning member by moving the slide members inward along the guide channels in the radial direction and further positioned by fitting a cylindrical second positioning member around the outer periphery of the slide members. In the course of the slide members converging on the circumference of a circle having a center on the axis, the coils mounted on the slide members mesh with each other so as to be unified.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for mounting components on a carrier comprising a frame (25) in which a shaft (8) is accommodated, the shaft is provided with a longitudinal bore (16), and means for displacing said hollow shaft (8) in vertical direction through said frame (25), wherein said shaft (8) at one end (8a) facing away from the carrier can be coupled to means (17) for generating an under pressure or vacuum within said bore (16) and wherein the other end (8b) of the shaft facing towards the carrier is provided with means for picking up and mounting a component. According to the invention, the device is characterized in that said shaft (8) is coupled to a yoke (12) which forms part of said displacement means, which coupling can be temporarily disengaged the moment the shaft makes contact with a component or a carrier.

Abstract: A portable roof panel structure assembly mechanism that may be transported to a construction site and that is used to automatically assemble roof panel structures at the site. The assembly mechanism includes a purlin feeder, subpurlin clamping mechanisms and feeders, and a diaphragm feeder. The purlin feeder lifts a purlin into position, and advances the purlin into an assembly station. The subpurlin feeders insert a subpurlin into each of a plurality of subpurlin clamping mechanisms, and the clamping mechanisms advance into the assembly station and hold the subpurlins against the section of the purlin that has been advanced. The diaphragm feeder places a diaphragm onto the subpurlins and the purlin at the assembly station. The components are attached by automatic nailers.

Abstract: Apparatus for assembling injection devices includes first and second pairs of shafts spaced apart from one another and defining axes extending parallel to a first inclined axis. The shafts include grooves extending helically between ends of the shafts, the helical grooves together defining passages extending vertically between the shafts. The shafts are rotated about their axes such that the passages move between first and second ends of the shafts. Syringes are introduced into successive passages to carry the syringes downwardly along the inclined axis between the first and second ends of the shafts while maintaining the syringes oriented vertically and spaced apart. Guards are carried along a horizontal axis that converges with the inclined axis at a convergence region. The guards are spaced apart and suspended vertically below corresponding syringes such that the syringes are received in successive guards at the convergence region.

Abstract: The present invention provides a number of techniques for laminating and interconnecting multiple high-layer-count (HLC) substrates to form a multilayer package or other circuit component. A solder bump may be formed on the conductive pad of at least one of two HLC substrates. The solder bump preferably is formed from an application of solder paste to the conductive pad(s). An adhesive film may be positioned between the surfaces of the HLC substrates having the conductive pads, where the adhesive film includes an aperture located substantially over the conductive pads such that the conductive pads and/or solder bumps confront each other through the aperture. The HLC substrates then may be pressed together to mechanically bond the two substrates via the adhesive. The solder bump(s) may be reflowed during or after the lamination to create a solder segment that provides an electrical connection between the two conductive pads through the aperture in the adhesive film.

Abstract: A reliable, long-lived soldered electrical connection is made to a ceramic substrate having a thick-film metallization thereon, over which is deposited a joint-structure-stabilizing thin-film metallization. The thin-film metallization is a multilayered structure having an adhesion layer overlying and in contact with the thick-film metallization, a readily wettable base-metal layer overlying and in contact with the adhesion layer, and an oxidation-prevention layer overlying and in contact with the base-metal layer. An electrical conductor is soldered to the thin-film metallization of the ceramic substrate. The electrical conductor may be a bonding pad of a flip chip having a solder bump thereon.

Abstract: Method of manufacture of a composite wiring structure for use with at least one semiconductor device, the structure having a first conductive member upon which the semiconductor device can be mounted for electrical connection thereto. A dielectric member, made of ceramic or organo-ceramic composite material, is bonded to the first conductive member and contains embedded therein a conductive network and a thermal distribution network. A second conductive member may be incorporated with the composite wiring structure, with a capacitor electrically connected between the conductive network and the second conductive member. Bonding between the dielectric member and the conductive members may be in the form of a direct covalent bond formed at a temperature insufficient to adversely effect the structural integrity of the conductive network and the thermal distribution network.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a wiring substrate 1 includes a conductor layer forming step for forming a second conductor layer 29, through electroless copper plating and copper electroplating, on a first resin dielectric layer 7, which is surface-roughened to a predetermined roughness and to which palladium adheres; a cyan treatment step for cleaning a substrate 41 on which the second conductor layer 29 is formed, using a cyanide-containing solution; and an upper resin dielectric layer forming step for forming a second resin dielectric layer 9 on the first resin dielectric layer 7 and the second conductor layer 29 of the cyan-treated substrate 41.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided that crimps an electrical wire having a water-proof plug onto a connector terminal in a given positional relationship and can be applied to an automatic assembling operation. In the vicinity of upper crimping members and lower crimping members of the apparatus which crimp an electrical wire having a water-proof plug onto the connector terminal, there are provided a water-proof plug positioning member which has a positioning protuberance used for placing a water-proof plug in a given position with respect to the front end of the connector terminal and a terminal positioning member which is vertically movable and engages with a positioning groove of the connector terminal. The front end face of a water-proof plus sealing section is brought into contact with the rear surface of a positioning protuberance, thereby placing the water-proof plug in a predetermined position.

Abstract: A method of machining rotationally symmetrical parts, in particular crankshafts, in particular the bearing surfaces of crankshafts, until they are in a condition of being ready for use, that is to say the condition in which the crankshaft can be installed in an engine without the further removal of material at the bearing surfaces. The object of the invention is to simplify the removal of material when machining bearing locations of a crankshaft. In the method according to the invention for finishing machining rotary parts, in a condition such that they are ready for use, after the original shaping operation removal of material is effected only by cutting machining with a given cutting edge and subsequent finishing.

Abstract: A presently-preferred process for manufacturing a connecting rod comprises placing a heated preform suitable for being formed into the connecting rod into a closed forge die, and forging the preform in a first forging operation while the preform is at a forging temperature to form an as-forged connecting rod having vertical flash extending therefrom. The presently-preferred process further comprises placing the as-forged connecting rod in a second forge die while the as-forged connecting rod is at a temperature substantially equal to the forging temperature, and forging the vertical flash in a second forging operation. The presently-preferred process also comprises removing the as-forged connecting rod from the second forge die, and machining the as-forged connecting rod to predetermined dimensions.

Abstract: Internal combustion engine performance can be enhanced by precise cylinder firing. To accomplish this objective, a preferred billet camshaft rebuilding method provides removing and replacing the distributor drive gear on the camshaft for precise alignment therewith. The method also demonstrates the detailed steps required to carry out the camshaft rebuilding process and the manufacture of a one-part distributor drive gear. An alternate method of using a two-part distributor drive gear on a camshaft is also described for camshafts having an interior distributor drive gear.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of manufacturing curveable reinforcement presenting a pattern comprising solid portions and open portions and intended for use in making a reinforced sealing section member, the method comprising: a) extruding a bead or preform of thermoplastic material; and b) calendering the bead or preform of thermoplastic material to impart said pattern thereto.

Abstract: Heat exchanger header tanks are constructed from a basic set of components. The basic components are castings and simple formed sheet parts. The components are assembled to produce a heat exchanger tank having a desired size and geometry.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a support structure. In one embodiment, the method is comprised of providing a mold. The mold is for defining the physical dimension of the support structure. The mold is disposed upon a substrate surface. In one embodiment, the method is further comprised of depositing a powder into the mold. The present method is further comprised of compacting the powder deposited in the mold. The compacting forms the support structure. In one embodiment, the method is further comprised of removing the mold from the substrate surface upon which it is disposed. The removal of the mold exposes the support structure. The fabricated support structure is then implementable during assembly of a display device. In one embodiment, the powder deposited in the mold is a metal powder.

Abstract: A hydroformable frame element is formed from the combination of at least two elements. The at least two elements are designed with a partially overlapping region, with an annular space defined within the overlapping region. The annular space is filled with adhesive, which is then cured to bond the at least two elements together. The adhesive bond is designed to withstand the stresses caused by the hydroforming operation and to retain its strength so that the hydroformed article is then usable as a vehicular frame element.

Abstract: A method of assembling a bearing house for a rotary shaft, such as a camshaft, comprising a bearing cap secured to a relatively massive component, such as a cylinder head. The bearing cap and the massive component afford respective semi-circular recesses which cooperate to define a circular hole in which the rotary shaft may be received. The method comprises connecting the bearing cap to the massive component, deforming at least spaced portions of the bearing cap into intimate contact with the massive component so as to produce a unique relocation position, boring the circular hole in the bearing cap and the massive component, removing the bearing cap, inserting the shaft into the semi-circular recess afforded by the massive component and reconnecting the bearing cap to the massive component.

Abstract: An improved structure art design knife that provides for stabler and safer manual grasping, the arrangement of which includes a front cover, a back cover, a hatch, a flat spring, and a blade holder mechanism. In addition to convenient blade replacement, the art design knife of the present invention contains a plurality of spare blades, thereby enhancing the utility of such structures and, furthermore, increasing practical value from a production standpoint.

Abstract: A utility knife includes a handle having a first casing and a second casing, a blade holder slidably received in a chamber of the handle and having a supporting portion at where a blade is attached, wherein the supporting portion has an elastic piece with a lock portion to be engaged with recesses of the blade and a pushing portion at a top of the lock portion, and disassembling member for pressing the elastic piece of the blade holder to disassemble the blade from the blade holder. The second casing has a blade room at where relates to the blade holder to receive reserved blades therein, an elastic member in the blade room to push the reserved blade toward the blade holder and a post to push the pushing portion of the elastic piece of the blade holder.

Abstract: There is provided a blade assembly having a stationary comb or blade and a recepricating cutter. The blade Assembly permits for adjustment over a range of cut lengths and detachability/convertability to a range of hair clippers.

Abstract: A filament trimmer includes a rotatable trimmer head having an outwardly extending filament. The trimmer has a rear shield and a front wire guard. A cutoff blade is adjustably mounted on the rear shield to move between two different radially inward and outward positions. In the radially outward position, the cutoff blade cuts off the filament at a length in which the filament extends beyond the front guard prior to the filament becoming shortened due to breakage or wear. In the radially inward position, the cutoff blade cuts off the filament at a length in which the filament extends short of the front guard prior to the filament becoming shortened due to breakage or wear.

Abstract: A limb trimmer apparatus is provided comprising a blade releasably secured to a housing assembly. The housing assembly comprises a housing having first and second flat sides for alternatively securing the blade to the housing assembly in desired extended or storage positions. A clamp and fastener may be provided for selectively securing the blade to one of the first or second flat sides. The blade being secured to the second flat side may be loosened and rotated about the fastener selectively between an extended position and a storage position. The blade being secured to the first flat side may be removed from its extended position in securement thereto and repositioned against the second flat side in the storage position. The clamp is configured with a recess to receive the handle end of the blade and the first or second flat side in either an extended or storage position.

Abstract: The invention entails a motor saw which includes a brake system for braking the motor, and which further includes a brake-system actuation arrangement comprising a lever and a positioning element which lever is held by the positioning element in a defined position and can be deflected in order to actuate the brake system. The positioning element of the actuating system engages with parts of the brake system, the positioning element limits the movement of the lever in a non-actuated brake system with a first force and the positioning element limits the movement of the lever with a second force in an actuated brake system by engaging with the brake system.

Abstract: A small reciprocating saw device is provided which is adapted for one hand operation and which enables delicate sawing or filing work to be carried out. An eccentric drive arrangement includes a motor mounted in a housing at one end of the device and a slender drive rod for the saw blade disposed in a gripping handle connected to the motor housing. Motor control switches are mounted on the motor housing and gripping handle.

Abstract: A reciprocating saw including a housing, a motor supported by the housing, a spindle mounted for reciprocation relative to the housing and having a front end for supporting a saw blade, the spindle being movable through a cutting stroke and a return stroke, the cutting stroke having a stroke length, and a pivot body interconnecting the spindle and the motor. The position of the pivot axis of the pivot body may be movable relative to the housing to change the stroke length of the spindle. A shock absorber may be operatively positioned between the motor and the front end of the spindle and may be at least partially mounted within the spindle.

Abstract: An improved structure of a hand-saw having adjustable sawing blade includes two holding sections, a front and a rear holding section, a sawing blade, a front-mounted ratchet teeth fine tuning block having one end with four teeth ratchet, the other end thereof being a semicircular and having a protruded cylindrical bar for the insertion of the sawing blade, a ratchet teeth adjusting sleeve being cylindrical shape having one end with inner edge being ratchet teeth shape, and the other end thereof being a larger internal radius, a rear-mounted ratchet wheel fine tuning block having an external edge with four ratchet teeth for engagement with the ratchet-teeth adjusting sleeve for the insertion of the other end of the sawing blade, a hexagonal pull-push engaging connector module having a circular shape center and a cavity adaptable to a hexagonal shape screw nut, a loosening button located at the root section of the rear holding section being an arch-shaped body and having a gripping section provided with a reces

Abstract: A laser verticality/horizon indicator for construction is provided that realizes irradiation of laser beam, and indication of both a vertical point and a horizontal line using optical refraction. The laser verticality/horizon indicator embodies a scientific and systematic use mechanism through electrically controlled operation of equipment to indicate vertical and horizontal positions as a precise measurement, and to enhance the handling efficiency of the equipment. The laser verticality/horizon indicator includes a mounting board having a driving motor, a rotary bulb, a prism mounted in the rotary bulb, a battery receiving bulb used as a power supply, and a laser inducing hole. The laser verticality/horizon indicator further includes a laser generator separately mounted on the mounting board, and a plumb bob forming a body structure of the verticality/horizon indicator, the mounting board and the laser generator being installed in the plumb bob.

Abstract: A luminescent indication compass includes an electric power supply, a luminescent driver, a luminescent panel, a control panel, a voltage dropping circuit, and an electronic compass module. The electronic compass module may detect the signals of orientation and process the detected signals. Then, the processed signals may be output from the luminescent driver and may then be transmitted to the luminescent panel for indicating the present orientation to the user. Thus, when the luminescent indication compass of the present invention is mounted on the car, the driver may understand the present orientation of the car.

Abstract: The invention is a masonry tool that is a framing square with a retractable straightedge, where the framing square can be fitted to a level. The major components of the invention are a foldable flat straightedge, a mounting bar and housing which seats a notched disk that rotates on an axial shaft that is joined to the straightedge, a finger activated switch that moves a spring loaded slideable pin that clicks into a notch on the disk corresponding to an angle, and fastening components and elements for longitudinally affixing the mounting bar and housing to the end of the level. The retractable straightedge, when unlocked, can be rotated from a retracted position to a reversibly locked right angle position, and vice versa.

Abstract: A lens shape measuring apparatus is disclosed, which is capable of identifying a size of an outer-diameter shape of a lens fixing jig by using a measuring element also used for measuring a lend shape. This lens shape measuring apparatus comprising: a lens fixing jig installed in an eyeglass lens to be processed to clamp the eyeglass lens; a lens rotation shaft for clamping and rotating the lens to be processed; a measuring element abutted on a refracting surface of the lens clamped by the lens rotation shaft; a measuring element position switching mechanism for controlling rotation of the measuring element around a rotation shaft roughly parallel to the lens rotation shaft; and a measuring unit for measuring a moving distance of the measuring element in a direction roughly parallel to the lens rotation shaft.

Abstract: A workpiece measuring apparatus for measuring at least one of a size and a shape of a workpiece, machined by a turning or a grinding process system, includes a machine base, a column mounted on the machine base and having a mounting mechanism on at least one of the sides thereof, a measuring gauge unit removably mounted at an arbitrary position on the mounting mechanism of the column, and a conveying unit for conveying the machined workpiece to the measurement position where measurement can be performed by the measuring gauge unit. Thus, in the workpiece measuring apparatus according to the present invention, a measuring gauge unit can be fixedly added or removed in response to the change in the shape of the workpiece or the number of the desired measurement points.

Abstract: An end fixing block fixed to one end in a length measuring direction of a frame body has a parallel plate spring mechanism capable of absorbing a thermal expansion of the frame body. The frame body has a plate spring mechanism which is provided at the end of the frame body fixed by the end fixing block, the plate spring mechanism being capable of absorbing a deflection of the one end of the frame body in a direction perpendicular to a direction to which the thermal expansion occurs.

Abstract: A scale which is suitable for an absolute position determination, the scale includes a track which extends in at least one measuring direction and in which graduation areas of identical width and different optical properties are alternatingly arranged. At least first, second and third graduation areas with different optical properties that are arranged in the track, wherein a first logical signal is unequivocally assigned to a first combination of two successive different graduation areas, and a second logical signal is unequivocally assigned to a second combination of two successive different graduation areas, and wherein the first and second combinations differ from each other.

Abstract: A plastic suit drying system comprises a drying chamber with an air warmer, and a mobile dryer rack. The mobile rack has a wheeled air plenum base, a number of drying positions (each comprising three perforated air pipes protruding up from the base), and a flanged air inlet in the back of the base that mates with a connection flange in the drying chamber. Through this flanged connection hot air is forced into the base/plenum and then into the perforated pipes. For use, wet plastic suits are placed upside down on the drying positions. Then, the mobile rack is rolled into the drying chamber so that the rack's flange mates with the drying cabinet's connection flange. Next, the drying chamber doors are closed, and the drying cycle started, during which heated air is blown into the mobile rack plenum and up into the air pipes extending into the suits.

Abstract: A hot air drying apparatus for noodles which makes possible steady production of high quality instant noodles by blowing hot air at an optimal velocity and in an optimal flow rate all over noodle ribbons to be dried in a short period of time and thereby makes a texture of noodle ribbons uniform and fine is to be provided. In a hot air drying apparatus, a conveyor runs from one end of a lengthwise direction of this apparatus to the other, and noodle ribbons carried from a preceding step riding on this conveyor move within an apparatus at a prescribed speed. The apparatus includes a plurality of drying chambers D1, D2, D3, D4, D5 and so forth into which it is divided in the lengthwise direction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the treatment of wood, and is particularly concerned with a method for increasing the permeability of wood, especially moist wood.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a spin rinse dry (SRD) chamber for a semiconductor processing system. The SRD chamber includes a selectively rotatable substrate support member having an upper substrate receiving surface formed thereon, and a selectively rotatable shield member positioned above the upper substrate receiving surface, the rotatable shield member having a substantially planar lower surface that may be selectively positioned proximate the upper substrate.

Abstract: A method in consolidation and drying of paper. A wet web is contacted with superheated steam, whose temperature is 200-600° C. for the purpose of reducing, by heat transfer from the superheated stream, the water content of the web by evaporation of a substantial part of the water in the same. The wet web is supported and transported by means of a heat-conductive, gas-impermeable belt whose width is equal to or exceeds the width of the web, and jets of the superheated steam are directed towards the side of the web facing away from the belt.

Abstract: A semiconductor wafer drying apparatus is provided. In one embodiment, this apparatus includes a bath which can contain much deionized water so that semiconductor wafers soak in the deionized water; a chamber providing a space where vapor flows over the bath; a vapor supply line supplying vapor to the internal space of the chamber; an exhaust line discharging vapor contained in the chamber; a deionized water exhaust line discharging deionized water in the bath; a semiconductor wafer holder supporting the semiconductor wafer in the bath; and pitch guides placed at left and right sides of the semiconductor wafer, movable to a first position and a second position in a vertical direction, wherein the pitch guides are separated from the semiconductor wafer at the first position and contact the semiconductor wafer at the second position thus preventing the movement of the semiconductor wafer.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus are disclosed for detecting an occurrence of a liquid dry condition in a container containing a liquefied compressed gas while the gaseous phase of the liquefied compressed gas is being removed from the container over time. The apparatus includes a first sensor, a second sensor, and a computer, preferably a programmed logic controller (PLC). The first sensor senses temperature (T) inside the container and provides a signal indicative thereof. The second sensor senses pressure (P) inside the container and provides a signal indicative thereof. The computer receives signals from the first and second sensors, and determines the rates of change in the pressure (dP/dt) and the temperature (dT/dt) inside the container over time.

Abstract: Method for drying wood in a short period of time by maintaining the concentration of a combustion gas contained in a drying room atmosphere for use in drying the wood to a high value and by maintaining the pressure of the drying room atmosphere to a high value. Wood fuels such as waste wood are put into a combustion chamber ins lower area of a combustion gas generating furnace and then the wood fuels are burned, followed by introducing the high-temperature combustion gas generated by the burning of the wood fuels into an upper area of a drying room housing the green wood to thereby dry the wood. Thermal drying of the wood is carried out by maintaining the concentration of the combustion gas present in the drying room atmosphere at a the high value and by maintaining the pressure of the drying room atmosphere at a high value.