Abstract: A method of producing lithium aluminosilicate (LAS) ceramics, which uses a mixing powder of lithium carbonate, aluminum oxide, and silicon oxide as a raw material powder. After being mixed by ball milling and baked dry, the raw material powder is processed with a calcinations process such that the raw material powder becomes a precursor. The precursor is then pressed into the green ceramic. Significantly, the high heat conducting metal sheets are tightly attached above and below the surfaces of the ceramic during sinter and heat-treatment processes. A solid-state sinter process is performed with the green ceramic. Next, the ceramic is treated with a proper heat-treatment process. Since the top and bottom surfaces of the ceramic are capped with the high heat conducting metal, the ceramics are uniformly heated during all the heating processes.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of manufacturing a single-use, disposable absorbent laminate containing one or more layers of hydrophilic meltspun material bonded to a breathable film. The meltspun fabric layer may include at least one spunbonded fabric, meltblown fabric or other nonwoven fabric that is made hydrophilic prior to bonding to the film. The filaments or microfibers of the spunbonded or meltblown fabrics may contain a hydrophilic additive in or on the filaments or microfibers. The film of the surgical drape remains breathable while enabling the laminate to resist penetration by liquids and viruses.

Abstract: A flexible container is provided for the storage and administration of medical solutions. The container incorporates a transparent front sheet made from a planar layer of a polymer and an opposing rear sheet. The rear sheet is made from a planar laminate layer. The front and rear sheets are sealed together along a common peripheral edge to form a volume enclosure. The volume enclosure is constructed of materials having high oxygen and moisture barrier properties which allows the container thermoplastic to be stored for extended periods of time without degrading the contents. The volume enclosure is then inflated with a pressurized gas to permanently stretch the front and rear sheets outwardly and to thereby increase the volume capacity of the container. An alternative embodiment of the container incorporates multiple compartments, separated by peelable seals, for containing a diluent and a medicament.

Abstract: A decoration includes a thin cover sheet onto which an image has been printed and which has been formed into a contoured shape at least partially corresponding to the image. A filler support layer is added to the hollow side of the cover sheet and hardens.

Abstract: An adhesive system for forming reversible adhesive bonds includes at least one polymeric adhesive component comprising at least one of polyurethanes, polyureas, or epoxy resins and at least one additional component that includes a functional group that can be activated by the introduction of energy, such that a chemical reaction with the adhesive component takes place involving a partial breakdown of the adhesive component. Reversible bonding of articles and controlled parting of an adhesive bond between articles can be achieved with the adhesive system.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus are provided for bonding a coating to a web of cloth or foam without sacrificing the characteristics of the spandex mesh or foam. The coating and the cloth or foam are bonded and heated and then conveyed to an aspiration device for removing air between the coating and the cloth, thereby providing a thorough bonding therebetween.

Abstract: The present invention is directed toward a tamper evident informational article such as a temporary vehicle registration which may be made of paper or paperboard. The informational article includes a substrate having a zone for inserting information and a refractive image disposed within the zone. A covering is secured to at least a portion of the zone. In that way, efforts to remove the covering from the substrate will result in removal of a portion of the refractive image.

Abstract: A batch-type etching device and a method, which enable a stable process with high reproducibility by preventing contamination of CVD equipment by effectively removing H2O, CH3OH or CH3COOH and by-products adsorbing and remaining on the surface of a semiconductor wafer after etching is completed, are provided. The device comprises a reaction chamber, an exhaust port for evacuating the air inside the reaction chamber, a wafer-supporting boat for supporting at least one batch of semiconductor wafers inside the reaction chamber, a gas inlet port for introducing a reaction gas into the reaction chamber, and a microwave generator. The microwave generator is adapted to introduce microwaves into reaction chamber so that substances which adsorb and remain on the semiconductor wafers are desorbed and removed after etching is completed.

Abstract: Apparatuses (10, 100), and methods of using same, for the simultaneous thinning of the backside surfaces of a plurality of semiconductor wafers (W) using a non-crystallographic and uniform etching process, are described. The apparatuses (10, 100) include a fixture (12, 102) having a plurality of horizontal receptacles (14, 16, 18, 20, 104, 106, 108, 110) for receiving the semiconductor wafers (W). The loaded fixtures (12, 102) are then immersed into an etchant solution (36, 146) that is capable of isotropically removing a layer of semiconductor material from the backside surface of the semiconductor wafers (W). The etchant solution (36, 146) is preferably heated to about 40° C.-50° C. and constantly stirred with a magnetic stirring bar (48, 158). Once a sufficient period of time has elapsed, the thinned semiconductor wafers (W) are removed from the etchant solution (36, 146).

Abstract: The present invention is directed, in general, to packaged polishing pads for chemical mechanical polishing of semiconductor wafers and integrated circuits. More specifically, the invention is directed to a method of preparing and packing the pad and the packaging therefor. Prior to placing the pad on a platen and polishing with the pad, a polishing pad having an hygroscopic absorbency is soaked with an aqueous media for a time sufficient to equilibrate the pad. The pad maybe packaged by placement in a sealable moisture tight package after soaking or before soaking along with a sufficient quantity of aqueous media to allow the pad to equilibrate.

Abstract: When a substrate 30 is to be subjected to a magnetron plasma process, a dipole ring magnet 21 is provided, in which a large number of anisotropic segment magnets 22 are arranged in a ring-like shape around the outer wall of a chamber 1. A magnetic field gradient, wherein the magnetic field strength decreases from the E pole side toward the W pole side in a direction perpendicular to a magnetic field direction B, is formed in a plane perpendicular to the direction of an electric field between a pair of electrodes separated from each other. The anisotropic segment magnets have a first section a including anisotropic segment magnets arranged in the vicinity of a region A located outside an E pole side end of the process substrate with an N pole thereof being directed toward this region, and a second portion b including anisotropic segment magnets arranged with an S pole thereof being directed toward this region, to locally increase the magnetic field strengths of the first and second regions.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method and an apparatus for forming and thermosealing one end of a packaging container which is manufactured from thermosealing material. The packaging container is placed in a conveyor which brings it into contact with mechanical forming devices (22) which progressively reform the packaging container end so that a sealing fin (6) oriented in the direction of movement of the packaging container is formed. In a subsequent sealing station (12), thermoplastic material located in the sealing fin (6) is heated to sealing temperature, whereafter wall portions included in the sealing fin are mechanically urged against one another during simultaneous cooling and continued advancement.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a paper product that is printed with a masking pattern. The masking pattern is such that it is not discernible on the paper product, yet is heavy enough to obscure objects which may appear behind the product to the eye of the consumer. In this manner, the consumer perceives the paper product to have a greater opacity than the product actually has, and thereby the consumer is not misled to assume the absorbency and/or strength of the paper product is less than is actually the case.

Abstract: A vibration-minimizing suspension mechanism for a press roll is provided. The press roll and an opposing roll each having a rotational axis and cooperate to form a press nip adapted to impart a linear load on a fiber web passing therethrough. The linear load is oriented through the rotational axes of the press roll and the opposing roll. As such, the suspension mechanism comprises a suspension arm having opposed ends and a medially-disposed pivot, wherein the press roll is rotatably engaged at the rotational axis thereof with one of the opposed ends of the suspension arm. The suspension arm is further pivotably and adjustably mounted at the pivot so as to allow the pivot to be adjusted in substantially parallel relation to the linear load.

Abstract: A substrate is coated with a solar management coating system including at least one infrared (IR) reflective layer. A diamond-like carbon (DLC) inclusive protective coating system (e.g., including at least one highly tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) inclusive layer having sp3 carbon—carbon bonds) is provided on the substrate over at least the IR reflective layer in order to make the coating system scratch resistant, abrasion resistant, and generally mechanically durable. The DLC inclusive protective coating system may be hydrophobic, hydrophillic, or neutral in different embodiments of the invention. Optionally, at least one fluoro-alkyl silane (FAS) compound inclusive layer may be provided on the substrate over at least one of the DLC inclusive layer(s) in hydrophobic embodiments in order to increase contact angle &thgr; of the coated article.

Abstract: A multi-layer antistatic/antireflective coating having high electrical conductivity (103 ohms) and low reflectivity (0.7%) is applied to the outer surface of a video display screen by sputtering. The multi-layer coating includes an inner antistatic layer deposited directly on the video display screen and comprised of ITO, TiO2, etc., having a light refractive index in the range of 1.8-2.2 and a thickness in the range of 18-35 nm. The outer antireflective layer is comprised of SiO2, MgO, etc., having a light refractive index in the range of 1.3-1.47 and a thickness in the range of 110-140 nm. The multi-layer coating is applied using a sputtering apparatus having a dual vacuum chamber, a diffusion pump connected to one of the chambers, and plural vacuum pumps connected to the diffusion pump and to the dual vacuum chamber with various gauges and valves for monitoring and controlling the sputtering operation.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved electrode for use in an electrochemical sensor for measuring an analyte in a sample. The electrode includes a thin working layer whose thickness is from 2 to 10 microns. Also disclosed is an electrode strip that includes an electrode with a thin working layer. Typically, the thin working layer includes an enzyme and a redox mediator. In an electrode for measuring glucose, the enzyme can be glucose oxidase and the redox mediator can be ferrocene.

Abstract: A gas sensor suitable for measuring hydrogen concentration, including a proton conductive layer (1); a first electrode (3) and a second electrode (5) provided on the proton conductive layer (1); a gas diffusion-limiting inlet (19) provided between the first electrode (3) and a measurement gas atmosphere (6) containing hydrogen gas; and a gas diffusion-limiting outlet (21) provided between the second electrode (5) and the atmosphere (6); wherein the ratio (a/b) between the diffusion resistance (a) of the diffusion limiting portion (19) and the diffusion resistance (b) of the gas outlet portion (21) is not greater than 2.

Abstract: Impedance measurements between the electrodes in an electric field is utilized to detect the presence of pathogens trapped in the electric field. Since particles trapped in a field using the dielectiphoretic force changes the impedance between the electrodes by changing the dielectric material between the electrodes, the degree of particle trapping can be determined by measuring the impedance. This measurement is used to determine if sufficient pathogen have been collected to analyze further or potentially to identify the pathogen.

Abstract: Two concentration techniques, adsorption and electrodialysis, are combined to enrich lithium ions in brine from a level of several ppm to about 1.5%. At beginning brine is subjected to an adsorption, so that Li content is increased to 1200-1500 ppm, followed by two stages of electrodialysis in series to increase Li ions to about 1.5%. Li depleted solution from the second stage of electrodialysis having a Li content of 1200-1500 ppm is recycled to the first stage of electrodialysis as a feed. Li depleted water from the first stage of electrodialysis is subjected to a residue recovery electrodialysis to form a Li enriched solution of 1200-1500 ppm, which is also recycled to the first stage of electrodialysis as a feed. Li depleted solution from the residue recovery electrodialysis is recycled as a feed of the adsorption, so as to sufficiently recover Li ions from brine.

Abstract: An electronic device manufacturing method comprises forming an insulating film above a substrate, forming a to-be-filled region which includes at least one of an interconnection groove and a hole in the insulating film, forming a first conductive film containing a catalyst metal which accelerates electroless plating, so as to line an internal surface of the to-be-filled region, forming a second conductive film on the first conductive film by the electroless plating, so as to line the internal surface of the to-be-filled region via the first conductive film, and forming a third conductive film on the second conductive film by electroplating, so as to fill the to-be-filled region via the first conductive film and the second conductive film.

Abstract: Provided is a process for metallizing an insulating substrate by depositing a uniform thin film of a metal on the insulating substrate. The process comprises placing the insulating substrate in an electrochemical cell which contains as the electrolyte a solution of a salt of the metal in a solvent, and which comprises an anode of the metal and a cathode in direct contact with the insulating substrate. A conducting film, which will constitute the cathode, is initially applied to one end of the substrate. The substrate is placed in the electrochemical cell in such a way that the surface to be metallized is vertical and the cathode is located in the upper part. A current is imposed on the electrochemical cell with an intensity such that it creates a current density of between 1 and 50 mA/cm2 in the horizontal section of the electrochemical cell level with the growth front of the film which is deposited.

Abstract: A process for producing an aluminum support for a planographic printing plate, the process comprising the steps of: (a) preparing an aluminum plate; (b) disposing said aluminum plate in an aqueous acidic solution; and (c) electrochemically surface-roughening said aluminum plate using an alternating current, wherein a ratio QC/QA of a cathode-time quantity of electricity of said aluminum plate QC to an anode-time quantity of electricity of said aluminum plate QA is from 0.95 to 2.5. An aluminum support for a planographic printing plate formed by the process. A planographic printing master plate comprising at least a positive-type or negative-type light-sensitive layer on the aluminum support.

Abstract: A method of and system for flushing one or more cells or components thereof in a particle-based electrochemical power source is provided. Reaction solution is delivered to and withdrawn from the one or more cells when the electrochemical power source is in a standby mode of operation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the electrolytic transformation of at least one furan-base starting compound (A) in an electrolysis circuit. This process may be carried out in an electrolysis cell and include the electrolytically oxidizing the furan-based starting compound (A) to produce at least one alkoxylated furan compound (B) which has a C—C double bond in the five-membered heterocyclic ring, and hydrogen followed by hydrogenating the C—C double bond using hydrogen obtained at a cathode in the oxidizing step, hydrogen fed to the electrolysis circuit from outside or by electrocatalytic hydrogenation.

Abstract: In one aspect of the invention, an apparatus for ECM grooving of a workpiece is provided. A portion of a conical workpiece is supported on a frame, with the cone opening facing a Z-axis. A slide electrode assembly is provided, including an electrode movable along the Z-axis and having, on a face aligned across a machining gap from the workpiece, a pattern of grooves to be defined on the workpiece; As an electrolyte is pumped into or through the machining gap at a constant static pressure, the electrode reacts to the pressure by moving toward or away from the workpiece to establish a certain gap width to create the necessary groove depth and definition. The force acting on the slide electrode assembly is the primary controlling factor for establishing the machining gap as the electrode and support move in response to the constant static pressure of pumped electrolyte.

Abstract: A novel measurement system for determining total NOX, including NO and NO2 concentration without interference from CO, from a gas sample is presented. The measurement system comprises a gas conduit having an upstream end and a downstream end. The gas conduit carries a gas comprising NOX. Disposed within the gas conduit is a catalytic filter comprising platinum and a zeolite. The gas flowing through the gas conduit interacts with the catalytic filter to form an equilibrium mixture of NO and NO2 from the gas comprising NOX. The measurement system further comprises a sensor element comprising an electrolyte substrate upon which are disposed a sensing potentiometric electrode adapted to contact the equilibrium mixture of NO and NO2 and a reference potentiometric electrode. In practice, there should be a temperature difference between the catalytic filter and the sensor element. Also provided is a method of determining the total NOX content in a gas comprising NOX based on the measurement system.

Abstract: A method of producing petroleum coke in a petroleum coking system comprising the steps of (a) adding a fluid to a live coking drum while warming a second drum so that additional vapor is provided in the live drum and (b) reducing pressure loss in the live drum by regulating the addition of the fluid based upon a target pressure for the live drum and by regulating the flow of warm-up vapor from the live drum to the second drum based upon a target pressure for the second drum. The flow of warm-up vapor from the live drum to the second drum is preferably conducted via a conduit system having a total length of less than 100 feet.

Abstract: A refrigerant filter, attachable to automotive air-conditioning systems, for removal of debris from air-conditioning refrigerants. The filter media is contained within a two-part hollow body for flow-through filtration of the refrigerants. The first and second parts of the hollow body are sealingly and removably attachable to one another to easily gain access to the filter media, which permits replacement of the filter media without removal of the filter body from the refrigerant line. The apparatus includes a first and second filter media, in which the second filter media prevent transfer of portions of the first filter media into the air-conditioning system.

Abstract: A reservoir for a water filtering system includes a tank having a separate board to define an upper space and a lower space in the tank. A water level control system is connected to the tank and located in the upper space to control the volume of the filtered water entering the upper space. An aperture is defined through the separate board and a pipe connected between the aperture and a pump so that filtered water is pumped from an outlet defined through a wall of the tank to a faucet via a pipe. A water quality improvement device is received in the upper space of the tank to ensure the quality of the filtered water in the tank.

Abstract: A water treatment system having a reverse osmosis unit (14) includes a storage tank (40) having an outer tank housing (42) that encloses an expandable bladder (50). A pressurized region (62) is defined between the outside of the bladder (50) and inside of the housing(42). A control valve assembly (44) controls communication of source water under pressure to pressurizing region (62) and communicates the region (62) with a drain (22). The assembly (44) includes a pilot valve (70) that is responsive to a state of dispensing and includes a valve element (76) that moves between a first dispensing position and a second non-dispensing position.

Abstract: A sediment filtering apparatus and a method for removing sediment from a waterway. One or more collector assemblies are secured to a river bottom and have a leading, ramp surface facing upstream and over which the water flows. As the water/sediment mixture passes the apex of the collector, the trailing edge drops off rapidly thereby reducing the stream velocity and allowing the sediment to settle from the flow. The sediment then collects on the downstream side of the collector and via one or more openings reaches an internal cavity. A suction pipe is placed under negative pressure and draws the water/sediment mixture to a filtering apparatus which then returns filtered water to the waterway. The sediment and debris filtered therefrom is then easily removed.

Abstract: A filter external to a tank, including a vessel, a lid for closing the vessel, a basket disposed in the vessel for housing filtering components, a top wall bearing sealingly in a central part of the lid allowing communication with the central part, a water-circulating pump disposed in the central part, and means for automatically removing air from a water delivery side, wherein the water is conveyed through the lid by first piping passing through the lid, the water moving down into the vessel on an outside of the basket, entering the basket via a bottom of the basket, passing upward through the basket over the filtering components and leaving the basket at a top of the basket in the central part to be sucked up by the pump and delivered to second piping passing through the lid toward a pipe delivering to the tank.

Abstract: The invention discloses an apparatus for filtration of water from hydrocarbons comprised of a fresh-feed inlet, a first dead end filter, having a filter medium that is hydrophobic, a second cross-flow filter, having a membrane that is hydrophobic, a common housing to contain both the first and second filters, a system for the recirculation of the retentate, a chamber for water settling, and an outlet for clean fuel permeate. This invention takes advantage of the properties of the functional groups of a surfactant, by using the surfactant to allow a hydrophobic medium to attract water, attach the water molecules to the hydrophobic medium, and then allow for agglomeration of the water molecules, which finally become large enough to detach and be swept away by the cross-flow. The hydrocarbon may then pass through the second membrane filter uncontaminated by water and be used as clean fuel.

Abstract: A method reduces levels of waterborne disease organisms, parasites and other infectious agents in open waters reducing their spread and improving it for man's uses. Large numbers of bivalve mollusks are used to filter infectious agents from moving water. The bivalve mollusks then process these agents by extracellular digestion, intracellular digestion or, encapsulation within the bivalve's feces or pseudofeces. The destruction of infectious agents is enhanced by sedimentation and the activities of benthic infauna. These benthic organisms may feed on the infectious agents or help to bury them by their burrowing activities. Additional sedimented material achieves sequestration and entombment of surviving infectious agents. The bivalve mollusks in the aquaculture system are harvested and disinfected destroying more of the infectious agents.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a lagoon partitioned for hog waste treatment, and the method of waste treatment in said lagoon. More particularly, the present invention relates to a lagoon for hog waste, which is partitioned into zones separated by walls, comprising a first zone for storing and settling hog waste, a second zone for carrying out sequence batch reaction onto the supernatant from the first zone, a third zone for storing processed liquid materials from the second zone, and a fourth zone for fermenting the solid materials from the first and second zones, wherein a passageway with a pump is installed between the respective two zones for transference of solid and liquid waste materials.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process of coating inorganic particles with organic compositions, and agglomerating, compacting and heating of the coated particles into granules. Coating and compacting the agglomeration may be conducted continuously, and may be used to form granules having sizes ranging from about 1 to about 200 mesh. In one embodiment, these particles can be used to purify drinking water by removing heavy metals such as arsenic, lead and mercury and to remove or kill microorganisms in the drinking water, air and gas.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of controlling water and/or oxygenate concentrations of an olefin stream. The method includes contacting the olefin stream with a liquid absorbent. The liquid absorbent is selected from the group consisting of a polyol, amine, amide, nitrile, heterocyclic nitrogen containing compound, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A method for the extraction of hydrophobic constituents, such as benzene, toluene, xylene and/or chlorinated hydrocarbons, from an aqueous solution, involving the steps of contacting said solution with a porous, preferably dimensionally stable granular or powdery material, of which the pores have a size of from 0.1 to 50 &mgr;m and contain a hydrophobic substance with affinity for the hydrophobic constituents to be extracted, which granular or powdery material has a particle size of from 0.1 to 10 mm, and is wetted more readily by the hydrophobic substance immobilized in the pores than by the aqueous solution to be treated, and regenerating the product of step a), essentially without the granular or powdery material being freed from the hydrophobic substance, by removal of the hydrophobic constituents.

Abstract: A separation apparatus (A) for separating solids from a slurry of liquid and solids includes a separation tank (10). An intake assembly (12) communicates with the separation tank (10) for conveying the slurry through an entrance end (14) into an inlet (16) formed in the tank (10). An outlet assembly (18) communicates with the separation tank (10) for conveying decanted liquid (20) through an outlet (22) formed in the tank (10) to an exit end (24) of the outlet assembly (18) positioned in a desired location. A pump (26) is adapted to convey the decanted liquid (20) from the separation tank (10) through the outlet assembly (18). The tank (10), intake assembly (12), and outlet assembly (18) form an airtight, compartmented system when the entrance end (14) of the intake assembly (12) and the exit end (24) of the outlet assembly (18) are sealed.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a fluid ejection device comprises a substrate having a fluid slot defined from a first surface through to a second opposite surface; an ejection element formed over the first surface and that ejects fluid therefrom; and a filter having feed holes positioned over the fluid slot near the first surface. Fluid moves from the second surface through the feed holes to the ejection element. In a particular embodiment, the filter is formed of a first material that is surrounded by a second material. In another particular embodiment, the filter is formed from the back side and is formed of the same material as the substrate.

Abstract: In a plasma processing apparatus according to the present invention, a gas inlet port and a discharge port are provided on a chamber for introducing and discharging gas into and from the chamber respectively. A sample to be etched is placed on an electrode part, so that a high-frequency power source applies a high-frequency bias to the sample. An electromagnet provided on the periphery of a plasma generation area generates a magnetic field while a waveguide connected to an upper potion of the chamber introduces a microwave into the plasma generation area through a microwave introduction window. Electron cyclotron resonance is excited for the gas for generating plasma. At least a surface of the microwave introduction window exposed to the plasma generation area is made of quartz, while the gas contains fluorine. The apparatus having the aforementioned structure can remove a material adhering to the surface of the microwave introduction window when the sample is etched.

Abstract: A powder for forming a R—Fe—B bonded magnet, wherein an R compound, such as an R oxide, an R carbide, an R nitride or an R hydride, which is contained in a raw material powder such as a super rapidly cooled powder or a hydrogen treated powder (HDDR powder) and reacts with water vapor to change into R(OH)3, has been converted to a R hydroxide R(OH)3 being stable in the air by subjecting the raw material powder to a heat treatment in an atmosphere of a pressured water vapor. The powder for forming an R—Fe—B bonded magnet is free from the generation of a white powder in the surface of or inside a bonded magnet formed from the powder and accordingly, is free from the occurrence or cracking, chipping, swelling or the like in the bonded magnet caused by volume expansion of a white powder.

Abstract: Fine spinel-type ferrimagnetic particles of the present invention have a composition represented by the formula (I): (CoO)x(NiO)y.n/2Fe2O3  (I) wherein 2.0<n=Fe/(Co+Ni)<3.0, 0.4≦x≦0.9, 0.1≦y≦0.6 and x+y=1. The fine spinel-type ferrimagnetic particles exhibit a high coercive force in spite of fine particles.

Abstract: A piezoelectric ceramic composition is provided, which includes a ceramic composition expressed by a general formula: Sr1-x-yM1xM2yBi2(Nb1-aTaa)2-zTizO9, wherein M1 is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ca and Ba, M2 is at least one element selected from the group consisting of La, Y, Dy, Er, Yb, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu and Gd, and x, y, z and a in the general formula respectively are in the range of 0.0≦x<0.9, 0.0<y<0.3, 0.0≦z<0.3, and 0.0≦a≦1.0. This makes it possible to provide a piezoelectric ceramic composition that is free of lead and has a larger electromechanical coupling factor than a conventional bismuth layered compound, and a piezoelectric element using the same.

Abstract: Phosphate ester based functional fluids containing novel anti-erosion additives provides enhanced results in erosion control.

Abstract: Phosphate ester based functional fluids containing novel anti-erosion additives provides enhanced results in erosion control.

Abstract: The present invention provides supported peroxides, and a method of forming supported peroxides. Supported peroxides according to the invention are solid particles that include an organic peroxide, a metallic soap, and a polymer. In accordance with the method of the invention, supported peroxides are preferably formed by dispersing a mixture that includes at least one peroxide and at least one C4 to C30 carboxylic acid into an aqueous solution that includes a compound that is capable of reacting with the C4 to C30 carboxylic acid to form a water soluble soap. Dispersing the mixture into the aqueous solution results in the formation of an emulsion. Polymer is then added to the emulsion, and forms a polymer suspension. A polyvalent metal compound that is capable of reacting with the water soluble soap to form a water insoluble metallic soap is then added to the polymer suspension, which converts the water soluble soap into a water insoluble metallic soap that precipitates from the suspension.

Abstract: Substantially solid compositions are provided having therein a compound with the structure of Formula I wherein A is a saturated ring formed by a plurality of atoms in addition to the N1 atom, the saturated ring atoms including at least one carbon atom and at least one of O, S, and N atoms, the substituent R1 bound to the N1 atom of the Formula I structure including either (a) a C1-24 alkyl or alkoxylated alkyl where the alkoxy is C2-4, (b) a C4-24 cycloalkyl, (c) a C7-24 alkaryl, (d) a repeating or nonrepeating alkoxy or alkoxylated alcohol, where the alkoxy unit is C2-4, or (e) —CR2R3C≡N where R2 and R3 are each H, a C1-24 alkyl, cycloalkyl, or alkaryl, or a repeating or nonrepeating alkoxyl or alkoxylated alcohol where the alkoxy unit is C2-4, the R2 and R3 substituents being each H, a C1-24 alkyl, cycloalkyl, or alkaryl, or a repeating or nonrepeating alkoxyl or alkoxylated alcohol where the alkoxy unit is C2-4, Z is a value in the range of 0 to 10, and wherein Y is monovalen

Abstract: A stratified-phase-separated composite comprises a liquid layer, such as a liquid crystal layer, and a polymeric layer. In order to obtain a more complete stratification resulting in less liquid being present in the polymeric layer, the polymeric layer is crosslinked. The stratified composite is preferably obtained by photo-polymerization induced phase-separation of a phase-separable composition provided on a single substrate or dispersed between two opposite substrates.