Abstract: A reversible ratcheting wrench includes a handle having a head, a drive member rotatably received in a hole, and a pawl slidably received in the compartment that is defined in an inner periphery delimiting the hole and that is communicated with the hole. A plurality of teeth are formed on a toothed side thereof and have a radius of curvature larger than that of teeth on an outer periphery of the drive member. When the pawl is in either ratcheting position, a portion of the teeth of the pawl meshes with the teeth of the drive member and the other portion of the teeth of the pawl are disengaged from the teeth of the drive member, leaving gap to avoid the seesaw effect that damages the teeth of the pawl and that reduces the torque-bearing capacity.

Abstract: A cylindrical device for removing nuts in recessed locations, comprised of a hollow cylindrical body with physical modifications (lugs, grooves, abrasions, indentations) to one or both ends of the cylinder; cylinder can be made from any firm material that can withstand torque forces applied thereto. The cylinder length is determined by the depth of the recess and the hollow diameters are determined by the internal size of the recess and any rod or other protrusion that must be accommodated within the cylinder to access the nut. The device includes no separate moving parts which may freeze or jam and may be utilized in conjunction with common pliers or other gripping tools.

Abstract: A tool for removing and installing serpentine belts in vehicles has a drive bar, a double box end wrench and a socket. The drive bar has a handle at a first end and a fitting at an opposite second end that is used to connect to the double box end wrench. The double box end wrench has a first end defining a polygonally shaped opening and an opposite second end that defines a ratcheting wrench having a first plurality of teeth on an inner circumference thereof. The socket defines a second plurality of teeth on an outer circumference thereof that are adapted to be received by the ratcheting wrench first plurality of teeth. The socket also defines one of a polygonally shaped opening and a polygonally shaped tang that is received by a work piece of an vehicle idler pulley.

Abstract: The extension handle for increasing the leverage of wrenches of the present invention comprises an elongated member having a side, a length and opposite first and second ends, the first end being adapted to form a handle, and the second end having an elongated slot extending along the side of the member. The slot extends from the second end to a first point towards the handle and the slot has a bottom. The bottom of the slot has an elongated aperture positioned between the second end and the first point. The aperture is dimensioned and configured to permit one of the bifurcated ends of the wrench to pass through the aperture.

Abstract: An engine tilting tool used to tilt transversely mounted General Motors engines includes a tubular bracket member which receives a telescoping tubular member that is driven telescopically by means of a drive rod mounted on the bracket member. The bracket member is attached to the vehicle engine compartment in place of one end of the “dog bone” strut engine support and the telescoping tubular member is attached to the engine in place of the opposite end of the strut engine support. A nut is used to adjust the position of the telescoping tube relative to the tubular bracket member to thereby effect tilting of the engine.

Abstract: A mounting arrangement 1 is provided in which clamping pairs comprising a clamping pad 2 and seating pads 3 are arranged about a mounting end of a component 4. Thus, the component 4 is appropriately presented to a machining device but the component 4 can slip relative to the pads 2, 3 in order to relieve residual stresses in the component due to initial forging processes. A damper 8 is provided in order to augment vibration control in association with the contact abutments between the pads 2, 3. In such circumstances accurate machining of a component 4 to a final profile 6 from an initial rough profile 5 can be achieved more efficiently without periodic release of the component 4 so that distortions are avoided in the final component as a result of retained residual stresses by previous clamping.

Abstract: An improved spindle assembly (23) is adapted to be mounted in an opening (22) provided on a rotatable head (20) of a multi-spindle machine tool. The improved spindle assembly includes a tubular main spindle part (26) that is adapted to be inserted into the head opening and having a first abutment surface (42), a bearing retainer (27) adapted to be threaded into engagement with the head and having a second abutment surface (55) arranged to face toward the first abutment surface, at least one bearing (28) positioned radially between the head and spindle main part, and being arranged axially between the first and second abutment surfaces, and a retaining nut (29) adapted to be threaded into engagement with the spindle main part so as to form therewith an assembled spindle.

Abstract: Power tool 1 may include table 5 on which work W is positioned. A portion of a circular blade 3 protrudes above table 5. Circular blade 3 may be driven by a motor. The motor may be controlled by a control device 90. Work W is cut by means of an operator sending work W positioned on an upper face of table 5 in the direction of the circular blade 3 while circular blade 3 is being driven by the motor. Power tool 1 may include first radar device 86 and second radar device 87 for monitoring a predetermined area in the vicinity of circular blade 3. First radar device 86 may detect whether objects other than work are present in the vicinity of a outer edge of circular blade 3. Second radar device 87 may detect the location of objects moving within the predetermined area in the vicinity of circular blade and detects the speed at which the objects are moving in the direction in which work is sent.

Abstract: A miter box has a housing with support means within the housing for supporting a motor. The motor drives a cutting means. The motor is pivotably disposed with respect to a vertical plane through the housing and is disposed at a desired angular relationship. The motor may be manually moved by the support means. A workpiece is supported on the top of the housing at a selected angular relationship to the cutting means. The workpiece may be miter cut and bevel cut simultaneously.

Abstract: A saw table for fixing frame pieces of frames of paintings, pictures or photos, includes a base table having two arms crossed and substantially perpendicular to each other and a gap at where the arms are crossed, wherein the arms are respectively provided with a fastening device to secure a frame piece to be cut, and a guiding assembly having a guiding shaft provided on one of the arms at where the arms are crossed and is adjacent to the gap and an attracting device movably mounted on the guiding shaft. The attracting device has a magnet thereon for attracting a saw blade attached on the attracting device with a blade cutting portion of the saw blade received in the gap and the guiding shaft and the attracting device are respectively provided with a positioning device to fixedly secure the attracting device on the guiding shaft.

Abstract: A cable receiving device includes a spool member rotatably engaged onto a hub of a plate for receive wires. A clamping member may be engaged onto the spool member and engaged onto the wires, to position the wires in the spool member. A cutter device has a base secured onto the plate and a cutter blade extended from the base, for cutting the wires. The clamping member includes an opening formed by two end beads for engaging with the wires. The plate includes a stop for limiting the clamping member to rotate relative to the plate.

Abstract: A tool assembly is provided comprising a tool retainer having a bore formed therein and a tool disposed within the bore and extending outwardly from the tool retainer. The tool includes a radial groove formed at an end of the tool disposed within the bore that extends around the entire circumference of the tool. A locking mechanism is disposed within the bore and includes a ball biased into the groove for locking the tool to the tool retainer. The groove has a sloped face terminating in a cup portion. The cup portion and groove are shaped to receive the ball. The locking mechanism includes a passage extending from a side of the bore for receiving the ball. The passage is formed at a slight angle to the sloped face of the groove.

Abstract: A saw comprising a planar body includes at least one cutting edge with serrated teeth. The planar body has cutout portions displaced from the outer cutting edges which include sets of secondary teeth which are aligned generally parallel to or in an arc concentric with the outer cutting edge or edges.

Abstract: A computer assisted apparatus and a method are provided that represents and describes a musical work in a graphical way, and using outboard devices or the computer keys and mouse, permits experimentation with musical ideas. Musical devices such as fills, suspensions, bends, overall structure, chord sequences, phrases, degrees of consonance and dissonance and melodic motifs and other musical constructions are visualised. In this way, manipulation and experimentation is accessible and an ordered method is provided to musical invention. Operators can build their own library of ideas as well as manipulate and experiment with ideas gathered from other sources. Playback would employ a musical synthesiser. These ideas so attained, when given life through the operator's personal musical style and voice, become integrated with the mental processes in the usual method of acquired musical language. Empowering the functionality of this invention is a unique view of music theory.

Abstract: An electronic musical instrument with which, without difficulty to a user, it is possible to reproduce and save and the like the musical tones that the user has performed and to carry this out in units having musically satisfactory breaks. For each count of one beat by a beat counter, the time information for the musical tone data that are stored at that timing is stored in a beat time information table. When a skip-back button is operated during the recording, an address having a musically satisfactory break is acquired by computation based on the time information and the storage address of the operation timing, the time information of said table, and the sampling period. Therefore, even in those cases where optimization processing of the memory has been done during the recording, there is no need to update the storage address at that time.

Abstract: A highlight portion is detected to a high accuracy from acoustic signals in say an event, and an index is added to the highlight portion. In an acoustic signal processing apparatus 10, a candidate domain extraction unit 13 retains a domain, a length of which with short-term amplitudes as calculated by an amplitude calculating unit 11 not being less than an amplitude threshold value is not less than a time threshold value, as a candidate domain. A feature extraction unit 14 extracts sound quality featuring quantities, relevant to the sound quality, from the acoustic signals, to quantify the sound quality peculiar to a climax. A candidate domain evaluating unit 15 calculates a score value, indicating the degree of the climax, using featuring quantities relevant to the amplitude or the sound quality for each candidate domain, in order to detect a true highlight domain, based on the so calculated score value.

Abstract: An exemplary device includes a first emitter to emit radiation from a first perspective substantially parallel to a head of a drum or other surface, a second emitter to emit radiation from a second perspective substantially parallel to the head of the drum or other surface, detectors to detect interruptions in the radiation from the first perspective as caused by an object; and detectors to detect interruptions in the radiation from the second perspective as caused by an object, wherein detected interruptions allow for one or more determinations (e.g., sounds, sound effects and control actions). Emitters optionally emit radiation as a fan-beam and detectors are optionally arranged along an arc. Various other exemplary arrangements, devices, systems, methods, etc., are also disclosed.

Abstract: A modular containment structure kit comprises (i) a plurality of elongate members, (ii) a plurality of rectangular, planar side wall members, (iii) a plurality of rectangular, planar roof members, and (iv) a plurality of rectangular, planar metal plates. A method for the handling of the explosive includes the steps of (a) providing the modular structure kit, (b) using the kit to assemble a containment structure around the explosive while avoiding obstacles near the explosive, and (c) handling the explosive within the containment structure.

Abstract: A frangible projectile for expelling from an industrial ballistic tool may be formed by a powder metallurgy process. A preferred embodiment of slug consists essentially of compacted and optionally sintered material and comprises up to 35% ferrotungsten in particulate form, up to 3% lubricant, and the balance iron in particulate form with inevitable impurities.

Abstract: A system for neutralizing a buried mine includes a laser that is configured to generate laser energy that communicates through the covering ground material and accesses the mine in a manner sufficient to neutralize the mine. Neutralization can occur by deflagration or detonation. The laser includes a solid-state lasing medium that is run substantially uncooled during the lasing run. Namely, the lasing medium is operated without cooling until the lasing medium reaches a temperature where thermal population in a lower laser level begins to significantly lower inversion density. Following completion of the lasing run, the lasing medium is cooled at a rate limited only by a thermal stress fracture level of the lasing medium. Operation of the laser in this manner permits the laser to deliver high-irradiance, high-repetition rate pulses according to a burst mode operation that successfully accomplishes neutralization in a desired time period.

Abstract: Breaching apparatus including a housing constructed of a material that disintegrates upon explosion without significant amounts of fragments being given off, and an explosive element disposed in the housing capable of producing an explosive force sufficient for breaching a structure.

Abstract: A pipe severing tool is arranged to align a plurality of high explosive pellets along a unitizing support structure whereby all explosive pellets are inserted within or extracted from a tubular housing as a singular unit. Electrically initiated exploding wire detonators (EBW) are positioned at opposite ends of the tubular housing for simultaneous detonation by a capacitive firing device. The housing assembly includes a detachable bottom nose that permits the tool to be armed and disarmed without disconnecting the detonation circuitry. Because the tool is not sensitive to stray electrical fields, it may be transported, loaded and unloaded with the EBW detonators in place and connected.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for deploying ammunition, wherein a recess (2) provided in the body shell (1) of a vehicle, in particular of a ship, is covered by cover means (4), whereby a heightening of the radar signature caused by this recess (2) and having a negative effect is diminished.

Abstract: The invention relates to a firing direction system for adjusting a rocket launcher, and includes a drive motor (9) that is connected via a safety brake (2-8) with a drive shaft (1) for adjusting the rocket launcher, whereby a rotation of the drive shaft (1) in a first direction effects a raising of the rocket launcher, and a rotation in the opposite direction effects a lowering of the rocket launcher, whereby the safety brake prevents a back-driving torque of the rocket launcher from effecting a rotation of the drive shaft (1) in the opposite direction. In addition, an electric motor (11) is disposed on the drive shaft (1) and is controlled is such a way that upon a rotation of the drive shaft in the first direction, the electric motor effects an additional torque of the drive shaft (1) in the first direction, and upon rotation of the drive shaft in the opposite direction effects a recovery of energy.

Abstract: A gun in which the gun barrel (2) is seated to be axially displaced in a cradle barrel. To avoid a lifting effect of the gun barrel (2) upon firing, and omit the necessity of complicated guide grooves in the cradle barrel (3) and tabs on the gun barrel (2), an elastically deformable, first slide-bushing bearing (5) is provided at the muzzle end of the cradle barrel, and a second slide-bushing bearing (6) with a predetermined amount of fit play is provided at the breech-ring end of the cradle barrel 3.

Abstract: A mine protection device for a wheeled vehicle having a plurality of wheels, wherein each wheel is connected to the vehicle by a wheel suspension, and the device includes: at least one sensor associated with each wheel, wherein each sensor operates to detect when the associated wheel has driven over a mine or when a proximate mine is ignited; at least one ignition and analysis unit connected to receive sensor signals from each sensor, wherein the at least one ignition and analysis unit processes individual sensor signals; and a separation means associated with each wheel, wherein the separation means operates to separate the associated wheel from the vehicle, when the associated wheel has driven over a mine or when a proximate mine has been ignited, by separating the wheel suspension connected to the associated wheel from the vehicle.

Abstract: A traverse laying system for a weapon (1) integral with a frame (2) articulated in traverse with respect to a support (3) providing a large traverse range around a first axis of rotation (G1).

Abstract: A position control system is used for controlling a fluid operated cylinder having at least one fluid chamber defined by a piston located within a housing for movement between first and second end limits of travel. The system includes at least two electrically actuated proportional flow control valves connected to each port of the cylinder for selectively and proportionally controlling fluid flow into and out of the at least one chamber. At least one pressure sensor is provided for measuring fluid pressure with respect to each chamber. At least one discreet position sensor is located adjacent a midpoint of the cylinder for sensing a discreet centered position of the piston. A controller includes a program and is operably connected for controlling actuation of the at least two valves in response to pressure measured by the at least one pressure sensor and location measured by the at least one position sensor.

Abstract: An expander includes a rotor rotatably supported by a casing, a group of axial pistons and cylinders installed so that its axis is surrounded by the rotor, and a swash plate having a rotating surface inclined with respect to the axis of the rotor and is rotatably supported by the casing. The relative rotation of the swash plate and the rotor around the axis is restricted and the relative shifting of the swash plate and rotor in the direction of the axis is allowed, by fitting a slider, fixed to the swash plate by a synchro-pin, into a long hole of an output shaft. Therefore, it is possible to prevent wrenching between the swash plate and the rotor due to thermal expansion while reducing the bending moment acting on the pistons of the group of axial pistons and cylinders of the expander.

Abstract: A vehicle braking system vacuum booster tandem power piston connection design such that the primary piston and the secondary piston are positioned together forming the tandem power piston. A connection design that provides direct alignment between the primary piston and secondary piston upon assembly and also provides an airtight seal between the primary piston and the secondary piston when assembling the tandem power piston.

Abstract: A piston carrier supports an elongated, slender piston rod for reciprocation in a pump cylinder to pump fluid into and out of the cylinder. The piston rod is made of a material such as sapphire or zircon and has a diameter less than about ten millimeters, and the pump can provide flows of from about 50 nanoliters to about 250 microliters per minute at pressures of several hundred bars. A drive motor rotates a threaded screw and a drive nut of a drive system applies a linear drive force to the piston carrier. A ball and socket connection between the drive system and the piston carrier avoids the need for precise alignment to prevent breakage of the fragile piston. A magnet in the socket holds the ball in place and avoids the need for a spring or other mechanical holder. The socket also includes a ring of a low reluctance material surrounding the ball to increase the magnetic retention force.

Abstract: Process for removing natural gas liquids from a gaseous natural gas stream at elevated pressure to obtain a gaseous product stream having a reduced content of natural gas liquids is provided.

Abstract: Filter arrangements include a barrier media, usually pleated, treated with a deposit of fine fibers. The media is particularly advantageous at high temperature (greater than 140° F.) systems. Such systems may include engine systems and fluid compressor systems. Filter arrangements may take the form of tubular, radially sealing elements; tubular, axial sealing elements; forward flow air cleaners; reverse flow air cleaners; and panel filters.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a facilitated transport membrane for separation of alkene hydrocarbons from hydrocarbon mixtures, comprising a porous supported membrane and a transition metal salt-polymer membrane consisting of a transition metal and a polymer, in which the transition metal salt does not chemically react with the polymer but physically dispersed within the polymer which has no functional group capable of forming a complex with the transition metal salt. The facilitated transport membrane according to the present invention is prepared by forming a solid transition metal salt-polymer membrane consisting of a transition metal salt and a polymer capable of dispersing the transition metal salt on the molecular scale; and coating the solid membrane on a porous supported membrane with good permeance and superior mechanical strength.

Abstract: A fuel tank assembly has a cover adapted for attachment to a structural member of a vehicle to define an enclosure between the cover and structural member and a fuel tank is received within the enclosure. Preferably, a space exists between the fuel tank and the cover, and the space is communicated with a fuel vapor canister to remove fuel vapor from the space and prevent it from escaping to the atmosphere. Desirably, the cover shields the fuel tank from the atmosphere, debris, and adjacent vehicle components.

Abstract: A coffee brewing apparatus, comprising an upper cover, a lower cover, a transmission unit and a rotation unit, wherein a brewing chamber is provided on the rotation unit, and the rotation unit is driven by the transmission unit so as to rotate as well as move upward and downward inside the housing enclosed by the upper cover and the lower cover. The rotation unit includes a brewing chamber, a lower filter plate assembly, a water-feeding core, and the transmission unit includes transmission gears, a motor and a brewing shaft. The lower filter plate assembly is provided in the first tubular chamber of the brewing chamber, and the water-feeding core is provided in the second tubular chamber. An intake of the feeding unit for feeding coffee and hot water and a coffee dispensing unit are provided on the upper cover. The operation of feeding, brewing and removing the consumed coffee ground can be performed by the composite motion of rotating and reciprocating upward and downward of the brewing chamber.

Abstract: A grilling system comprises a heat conductive grilling base having a bottom end and an open top end. The base defines a cavity that extends to the open top end. A grill member has an open bottom end, an open top end, and a conduit passing from the bottom end to the top end. The grill member is configured to be coupled to the grilling base so as to extend vertically upward from the top end of the base to permit a fowl to be inserted over the grill member and rest on the base while also permitting smoke or steam rising from the cavity to pass through the grill member to flavor the fowl.

Abstract: An outdoor oven and cooking method including a cooker formed from a base pan, housing and top pan and providing an enclosing cooking chamber. Combustible material is placed in the base pan around the outside of the chamber at the bottom and in the top pan at the top for heating and cooking food in the chamber. A food supporting rack for holding food is positioned inside the housing for cooking the food.

Abstract: A combination cone, collection rim and steamer tray placeable on a wide variety of conventional cooking pots and pans. The device permits a user to selectively prevent heat and/or moisture from escaping a cooking pot. The collection rim contains a reservoir that collects moisture and prevents it from returning to a cooking pot while the cone simultaneously retains most of the heat escaping from the pot upon which the cone and collection rim rests. The steamer tray permits a user to steam cook foods in combination with the cone which collects and returns moisture to a pot on which the cone and steamer tray rests.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for withdrawing a sleeve with sandwich fixings therein from an opening in a bread bun while resisting the sandwich fixings from exiting the bun includes a holding area with a longitudinal axis to receive a sandwich with a sleeve therein. A gripper is disposed with respect to the holding area to selectively grasp the sleeve when the sandwich is in the holding area. The gripper can include a hook extendable through a hole in the sleeve. A stopper is associated with the holding area and positionable at the opening in the bread bun and at one end of the sleeve. The gripper and the holding area with the stopper are displaceable with respect to one another along the longitudinal axis to withdraw the sleeve from the bread bun.

Abstract: A baking oven and a method of operating a baking oven, in particular a shop baking oven, having a baking chamber, in which the goods to be baked can be accommodated has at least one heating system (09) for heating air circulating in the baking chamber (03) and has at least two fans (10, 11) for circulating the air in the baling chamber (03). During a baking operation, at least one co-rotating phase (P1, P3) is provided during which the fans (10, 11) are driven to rotate in the same direction. In addition, at least one contra-rotating phase (P2, P4) during which the fans (10, 11) are driven to operate in the opposite direction is also provided during the baking operation.

Abstract: An arrangement is provided for improving the yield of potato crops. The arrangement includes a bed, a plurality of pairs of parallel rows of potato plants, and a drip irrigation tape. The bed is provided for multiple rows of potato plants. The plurality of pairs of parallel rows of potato plants in the bed have an inter-row gap between the rows in each pair of rows spaced from one another sufficiently to provide a moisture permeable agronomic soil corridor between the rows in each pair of rows to provide a supply of water to a root zone of each row within each pair of rows of potato plants while maintaining aerated soil within and above the agronomic soil corridor to reduce excessively wet conditions adjacent the crop canopy and a solar light corridor provided between adjacent pairs of rows to provide increased solar energy to the potato plants.

Abstract: A liquid dispenser device that is insertable into and removable from a main housing that can be used to dispense a liquid. The types of liquids that can be dispensed from this housing are for example, coffee, tea or other types of flavored drinks. This dispenser device can comprise a housing having a plurality of chambers disposed within this housing wherein each of the plurality of chambers are separated from each other by at least one partition. This device also includes a plurality of spouts coupled to the housing. This spout is in fluid communication with at least one of the plurality of chambers to form a conduit for allowing a fluid to pass from each of the plurality of chambers through the plurality of spouts and out of the housing.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for slicing a food product having a non-uniform cross-sectional area. A laser line scanner scans the cut face of the food product. A line scan camera receives light reflected from the cut face of the food product. The line scan camera is positioned such that the line field of view of the line scan camera intersects the scanning line of the laser line scanner at the cut face of the food product. A controller determines an area of the cut face of the food product using the light reflected from the cut face of the food product and advances the food product to be cut by the cutting device by an amount such that a next slice of the food product cut by the cutting device will have a thickness such that the next slice will be of the predetermined weight based upon the area of the cut face.

Abstract: A food cutting device includes a body having two longitudinal edges and a blade configured such that its cutting edge is a predetermined distance from a removeable plate inserted therein. The device preferably includes a food holder having a guide configured to slideably connect to at least one of said longitudinal edges of the body to bring a food item safely in contact with the blade. A storage caddy, which may used in conjunction with the food cutting device, includes a housing and a pair of housing guides configured to slideably connect to the body, wherein the storage caddy includes a number of partitions or chambers to accept unused plates. At least one of the plates may include a protector designed to at least partially conceal the blade on the underside of the body.

Abstract: A trolley (1) suitable for aircraft or use in all space constraint situations comprising a waste compactor (2) consisting of a metal horizontal plate (16) driven by an electric motor reducer that, by means of a mechanical reducer, drives two telescopic screws (15, 15′) responsible for pushing the horizontal plate (16) onto the waste, compacting it.

Abstract: A mold and a pattern transfer method using the same for a nanoprinting technology. The mold can be released from a substrate accurately and easily. The mold, which is used for forming a fine pattern on a substrate using a press machine, comprises a release mechanism.

Abstract: A system for exposing offset printing media with image data, which have been scaled to compensate for web growth, comprises an imaging engine for exposing the offset printing media in response to scaled image data and a print drive system that receives plate-level image data and generates the scaled image data to the imaging engine in response to web growth information. This system is distinguished from other systems that scale the source images, typically prior to halftoning. Instead, the scaling is performed to the plate-level image data, before it is feed to the imaging engine.

Abstract: A method for drying a printing ink (114) on a printing substrate (14) in a printing press (40), one printing ink (114) having one color pigment being used to print on the printing substrate (14) at one position (18) of a path (16) along which the printing substrate is conveyed through the printing press (40), and, at a chronologically later point in time, at one further position (116) of the path (16), the printing substrate (14) being illuminated with light (12) from a laser light source (10) having a wavelength of between 350 nm and 700 nm, the wavelength being resonant to an absorption wavelength of the color pigment of the printing ink (114). A print unit (30) for implementing the method is described which has a laser light source (10) which emits light (12) of a wavelength of between 350 nm and 700 nm.

Abstract: A heating element for the ignition of a pyrotechnic charge, e.g. for firing an air bag, has increased stability with respect to transient pulses and electrostatic discharge as a result of a selection of this mass, specific resistance and specific heat capacity. In particular the mass is 1.0×10−9 kg to 4.0×10−9 kg, the specific resistance is 1×10−6 &OHgr;m to 2×10−6 &OHgr;m and the specific heat capacity is 100 W/(kg.K) to 400 W/(kg·K).