Abstract: An electronic steering wheel lock apparatus having high reliability. The electronic steering wheel lock apparatus (11) includes a lock pin (12) for locking a steering shaft (21). The lock pin (12) is moved by a motor or a plate cam (41). When an engine is activated and the steering shaft is unlocked, a solenoid (31) is engaged with the plate cam (41) to restrict the movement of the plate cam (41).

Abstract: A key case comprises three parts, a center body, a first case piece, and a second case piece. The center body has a first cavity which side facing the first case piece is opened. The second case piece has four tabs extending toward the first case piece at positions substantially opposite to the peripheral surface of the first cavity. Each tab includes a claw on its distal end. The center body has apertures through which the corresponding tabs can pass therethrough. Following to each aperture, a groove and a shoulder are formed in the peripheral surface of the first cavity. A wireless module is contained in the first cavity while claws pass through the corresponding apertures to be engaged with the shoulders. The wireless module is sized to prevent the claws from disengaging from the shoulders.

Abstract: Certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention provide a lock keying system comprising: a lock cylinder comprising: a cylinder body; a plug assembly disposed in the cylinder body and comprising a plurality of pins and a one-to-one corresponding plurality of racks for relocating the plurality of pins; and a rack alignment tool receiving aperture defined by the lock cylinder; and a rack alignment tool comprising: a base plate; and a plurality of spaced elongated prongs, each prong from the plurality of prongs comprising a first longitudinal end adapted to engage a corresponding one of the plurality of racks, each prong from the plurality of prongs dimensioned lengthwise to relocate to a first predetermined position the corresponding one of the plurality of racks, the first predetermined position common to each of the plurality of racks, each prong from the plurality of prongs comprising a second longitudinal end connected to the base plate, wherein the rack alignment tool is adapted to restrain a carrie

Abstract: The subject matter of the present invention is a method of manufacturing, in a tool mold provided with a final contour as desired, a hollow metal body the cross-sectional shape of which varies in the longitudinal direction, an internal pressure being applied to a tubular hollow body with approximately uniform initial wall thickness, the tubular hollow body having the highest temperature in the zones of greatest deformation, the temperature in these zones being reduced once the hollow body fits against the wall of the tool mold, the temperature being subsequently increased in zones with lower degrees of deformation.

Abstract: A method for cutting a hollow extruded profile section into lengths in a press flow, wherein the extruded profile section is bent upon exit from the press either simultaneously with or directly after the forming extrusion process by a force acting thereon in a transversal manner in relation to the direction of the extruding press, and a force component acts as a traction of pressure force during the forming extrusion process on the cross-sectional area of the hollow-profile walls thus arising. The bent extruded profile section is cut in the press flow by the mechanical action of a saw, whereby force exerted on the extruded profile section during cutting is compensated by a supporting device arranged adjacent to the extruded profile section, so that deformation of the bent extruded profile section is prevented.

Abstract: The invention concerns an impact machine for forming, cutting, or punching a working material in a mould die by impact action during an impact operation carried out by means of impact devices, preferably from two opposite directions, said impact devices being provided to strike the working material or impact members which transfer the impact energy of the impact devices to the working material, said die (9) being carried by a carrier (2) included in the impact machine. According to the invention, the die is resiliently mounted in the carrier, which e.g. may consist of a stationary or moveable table.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method and a device for clinching metal sheets disposed one over the other in planar fashion. A joining tool, composed of a punch and a die having an anvil, is used to jointly displace metal sheets, profiles, or multi-sheet connections, out of the sheet-metal plane, under the action of forming energy introduced by ultrasound, compressing and integrally connecting the same.

Abstract: A variable function voting solenoid-operated valve apparatus is provided having both high safety availability and high plant reliability that does not require a plant system to be bypassed during testing. Also provided is a variable function voting solenoid-operated valve apparatus wherein initiation of a safety action will occur only if each of a pair of operatively associated solenoid-operated valves in the apparatus are actuated, and wherein either of the solenoid valves can singly default to a pre-designated safety action without inadvertently actuating the process valve and isolating or venting the process fluid. Also provided is a variable function voting solenoid-operated valve apparatus wherein either a “1 out of 1 with hot stand-by” operational mode or a “2 out of 2 with high diagnostics” operational mode may be selected by an operator using a logic control system depending on the technical requirements of a given plant environment.

Abstract: A combustion gas analyzer for measuring the concentration of a gas constituent in an exhaust gas stream is provided. The gas analyzer includes a sensor cell assembly coupled to a transmitter having electrical circuitry configured to provide an output of the concentration of the gas constituent as sensed by the sensor cell assembly. The combustion gas analyzer also includes a filter substantially enclosing the sensor cell assembly and a conduit coupled to the filter at a first end of the conduit and coupled to a valve assembly at a second end of the conduit. The conduit is used for supplying a calibration gas to the sensor cell assembly or for supplying a blow-back gas used to purge the filter.

Abstract: The present invention is a sample valve for use in conjunction with a gas chromatograph. The sample valve design provides for both the inertness and low permeability performance of a diaphragm, and an elastomeric material to apply adequate sealing pressure to the diaphragm to seal with the mating surface of a center plate of the sample valve. This valve design allows the active sealing surface to be well polished without the previous concern for maintaining critical flatness of the mating surfaces of the machined parts.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for detecting gases, gasified agents or other analytes. The apparatus includes a solid body having a first surface area and a second surface area. A first, preferably polymeric, coating is superimposed on the first surface area of the solid body. A second, preferably polymeric, coating is superimposed on the second surface area of this solid body. The first coating and the second coating are different materials which adsorb different agents at different rates. A wave propagating transducer is positioned adjacent the solid body to propagate a first wavefront adjacent the first surface area of the solid body. This wave propagating transducer also propagates a second wavefront adjacent the second surface area of the solid body. These first and second wavefronts interfere to produce an interference pattern which is unique to the particular agent which is adsorbed by the first and second coatings.

Abstract: An apparatus for testing domestic water piping systems and a method for testing such systems from a washing machine box. The apparatus has a body and a set of flexible detachable hoses. The body has a central elongated member. At the top most portion of the central elongated member is an IPS connection. This IPS connection connects to a 100 PSI gauge. At opposing sides of the uppermost portion of the central elongated member are second IPS connections. Connected to these IPS connections is a compression 90° elbow. At the other end of the compression 90° elbow is a third IPS connection. On the left section of the lowermost portion of the central elongated member is a female garden hose fitting. On the right side of the lowermost portion of the central elongated member is a pressure bleed valve (shrader valve) controlled by a control knob at its base. Two flexible detachable hoses are provided each having a female hose connection at one end and a nut at the remaining end.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method for forming the sensor comprises: disposing capacitance electrodes and a heater on green layers; disposing the layers such that the capacitance electrodes are disposed between adjacent green layers and the heater is disposed on a side of a green layer opposite one of the capacitance electrodes; disposing a gap insert in physical contact with the capacitance electrodes, wherein the gap insert has a higher sintering temperature than the green layers; sintering the green layers; and removing the gap insert.

Abstract: At least one parameter of at least one fluid in a pipe is measured using a spatial array of acoustic pressure sensors placed at predetermined axial locations along the pipe 12. The pressure sensors provide acoustic pressure signals, which are provided to a signal processing system that determines the speed of sound amix of the fluid (or mixture) in the pipe 12 using acoustic spatial array signal processing techniques. Numerous spatial array processing techniques may be employed to determine the speed of sound amix. The speed of sound amix is provided to another logic system that calculates the percent composition of the mixture, e.g., water fraction, or any other parameter of the mixture or fluid which is related to the sound speed amix. The signal processing system may also determine the Mach number Mx of the fluid. The acoustic pressure signals measured are lower frequency (and longer wavelength) signals than those used for ultrasonic flow meters, and thus are more tolerant to inhomogeneities in the flow.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for manipulating the surface of a sample including a cantilever, a first tip mounted on the cantilever, and a second tip mounted on the cantilever, the first and the second tip being configured to combine to form an imaging probe and to separate to form a manipulation probe. The first and second tips are configured to form a first position characterized in that the tips combine to form an imaging tip and the first and the second tip are configured to form a second position characterized in that the tips separate to manipulate particles on a surface of a sample. The tips can be configured to form the first position when a voltage is applied across the tips, and preferable extend downwardly from the cantilever substantially perpendicular thereto.

Abstract: Systems and methods for radio wave measurement of surface roughness using electromagnetic boundary conditions. A representative method includes measuring electromagnetic wave fields by monitoring a plurality of signals at several frequencies from different directions; obtaining a plurality of electromagnetic boundary conditions from the plurality of signals; and determining a roughness energy spectrum by utilizing the plurality of electromagnetic boundary conditions.

Abstract: This atomic force microscope has a probe for surface analysis of a sample (E), comprising a support body and an elastically deformable strip linked to the body, the strip being provided with a tip designed to come into contact with the sample (E) to be analysed. The microscope also has a mechanism for relative displacement of the analysis probe with respect to the surface of the sample (E), a detector for determining the position of the strip, and elements for vibrating the strip. These means for vibrating the strip include elements for conduction of electricity along a continuous path forming a loop, an alternating-current generator, and a magnetic-field source designed to set up a magnetic field ({right arrow over (B)}) in the region of the strip of the analysis probe.

Abstract: An improved method is provided for performing nanomanipulations using an atomic force microscope. The method includes: performing a nanomanipulation operation on a sample surface using an atomic force microscope; determining force data for forces that are being applied to the tip of the cantilever during the nanomanipulation operation, where the force data is derived along at least two perpendicularly arranged axis; and updating a model which represents the topography of the sample surface using the force data.

Abstract: A device for contacting and/or modifying a surface having a cantilever connected to an almost plane carrier element staying apart from said surface, said cantilever having a tip at its loose end being in close contact to said surface. It is proposed that the cantilever stand out of the plane of said carrier element. Further, a method for producing the cantilever having a tip at its loose end. The device is suitable for thermomechanical writing and thermal readout of binary information, lithographic and imaging techniques, and for surface modification.

Abstract: There is provided a compact rotary sensor which can be assembled easily by improving the shape and mounting of a spring member. There is provided a housing, a rotary body rotatably supported in the housing, a detection unit operated by rotating the rotary body, and a driving shaft inserted in a recess formed on the rotary body for rotating the rotary body. A spring member made of metal having at least a pair of arm sections and a connecting section for connecting the arm sections is disposed in the recess of the rotary body, and the driving shaft is elastically pressed and sandwiched by the pair of arm sections.

Abstract: The regeneration responses of diesel engine exhaust filters are mapped by conducting multiple regeneration runs under controlled conditions of soot loading, exhaust temperature, exhaust flow rate, exhaust oxygen content and/or other regeneration condition variables to generate a multivariate response surface or filter map that can be used to predict regeneration response under other conditions and aid in the design and active management of the filters to improve filter efficiency and extend filter service life.

Abstract: Intake air pressure of an internal combustion engine is detected at a plurality of timings during a full stroke, a threshold pressure is set between the minimum and maximum values of detected intake air pressures, detected intake air pressures lower than the threshold pressure are averaged, and an intake air volume is measured using the average intake air pressure as a parameter. A method for measuring the intake air volume in an internal combustion engine is thereby provided in which the relation between a detected intake air pressure and an intake air volume is linear regardless of crank timing when the intake air volume is estimated based on the intake air pressure.

Abstract: This pressure sensor (8) is intended to be placed in a tire mounted on a rim (2) equipped with a valve (6) allowing air to be let into and removed from the tire. It comprises a support (22) fixed at the level of the valve (6) by a screw or the like. The support (22) comprises a wall (30) for bearing on the valve (6), this wall (30) being elastically articulated to the rest of the support (22).

Abstract: In a thermal-type air flow measuring apparatus, a heater is set to a reference temperature which is a predetermined temperature higher than an intake air temperature detector. A flow amount detector is disposed at an upstream side of the heater with respect to a forward direction of an intake air flow. The heater is turned at a plurality of points in a direction perpendicular to the forward direction of the intake air flow and has a predetermined width in the intake air flow direction so that heat transfers less in the intake air flow direction in the heater. If the intake air flow direction reverses, the temperature distribution in the heater also reverses. As a result, an intake air amount varying in response to the air flow direction is detected by comparing the temperature of the flow amount detector with the reference temperature.

Abstract: A reciprocating-piston type meter for measuring liquid volume comprises a meter body 2 having a measuring chamber disposed therein. In a space 11 existing between the meter body 2 and the measuring chamber 7, the meter has means 13 for creating a swirling stream of liquid and means 14 for confining particles present in the liquid.

Abstract: An improved liquid level sensor is disclosed which provides a reliable and simple device for accurately determining the level of a liquid within a vessel. The sensor utilizes a plurality of thermocouple junctions grouped in pairs with the pairs being spaced along a line extending generally in the direction in which the liquid level may vary. A first thermocouple junction of each pair is located in relatively close thermal proximity to an electrically powered heater and the second of each pair of thermocouple junctions is spaced away from the heater. The thermocouple junctions are connected in series and produce a signal indicative of the level of liquid along the sensor. Alternatively, a single threshold liquid level sensor is provided for use with a hermetic interface to provide a signal to indicate a level of liquid within a container. Additionally, a pressure sensing circuit may also be incorporated with either liquid level sensor.

Abstract: A system and method are disclosed for dispensing an amount of imbalance correction weight for attachment to a rotary element to reduced an imbalance in the rotary element. The imbalance correction weight includes a number of individual weights provided on a length ot double-sided adhesive tape. A guide directs the imbalance correction weight though the channel provided by the guide toward a tape divider. A driver pulls a protective backing away from the tape causing the imbalance correction weight to move through the channel toward the tape divider. A sensor counts the individual weights that move past it. When the sensor has counted a desired number of individual weights, a controller instructs the driver to stop pulling on the protective backing thereby stopping, movement of the imbalance correction weight and then instructs the tape divider to divide the tape to provide the amount of imbalance correction weight.

Abstract: A tuning fork gyroscope typically including at least one proof mass with an upper sense plate disposed above the proof mass and a lower sense plate disposed below the proof mass and means for sensing changes in the nominal gaps between the sense plate and the proof mass and for outputting a signal indicative of the gyroscope angular rate.

Abstract: A case of tilt angle measuring apparatus is composed of a case body for housing ultrasonic sensors and a cover for covering a top of the case body, and the case body includes a bottom plate having windows for exposing the ultrasonic wave transmitting/receiving faces of the ultrasonic sensors, a side plate extending upward from the peripheral edge of the bottom plate and abutting against the bottom surface of the cover, and horn parts extending downward from the bottom plate so as to surrounding the windows.

Abstract: A remote, non-contact system for detecting a defect in a railroad wheel as the wheel is stationary or moving along a railroad track includes; (1) a pulsed, laser light source for generating an ultrasonic wave in the wheel, the ultrasonic wave having a direct portion and reflected and transmitted portions if the direct portion encounters a defect in the wheel, (2) an optical component in the path of the light from the light source for forming the light into a specified illumination pattern so that the generated ultrasonic wave has a specified wavefront, (3) an air-coupled transducer or a group of transducers for sensing the acoustic signal emanating from the wheel that results from the ultrasonic wave traveling through the wheel, and (4) a signal processor, responsive to the sensed acoustic signal, capable of distinguishing whether the sensed signal has a component that indicates the existence of a reflected portion in the ultrasonic wave, wherein the presence of such a component in the acoustic signal indicat

Abstract: A load sensor comprises a load detecting element and a temperature compensating element. The load detecting element is made of the material and acting the load thereon. The temperature compensating element is made of the same material with the load detecting element, and made as the same dimension or similar figure with the load detecting element. The load detecting element and the temperature compensating element are arranged closely each other. Further, each of the load detecting element and the temperature compensating element comprises conductive part which is made of the same composite. The conductive parts of the load detecting element and the temperature compensating element are electrically connected to a power source in parallel each other. Difference between voltages which act on the conductive parts of the load detecting element and the temperature compensating element is detected as a equivalent of the load.

Abstract: Disclosed is a differential capacitive type MEMS sensor apparatus provided with a MEMS structure including a differential capacitive type MEMS sensor and a capacitance compensator having a MEMS structure. The differential capacitive type MEMS sensor apparatus includes a fixed frame unit including first and second fixed frames prepared in pairs, partially fixed to the MEMS base; a movable frame unit movably connected to the MEMS base substrate so that first capacitance is generated between the movable frame unit and the first fixed frame and second capacitance is generated between the movable frame unit and the second fixed frame; first capacitance compensating frame units serving to compensate for the first capacitance using capacitances generated between the movable frames and the movable electrodes; and second capacitance compensating frame units serving to compensate for the second capacitance using capacitances generated between the movable frames and the movable electrodes.

Abstract: A chain wear measurement system and/or method for determining an amount of wear in a section of chain comprises a chain or section of chain having a plurality of chain links connected together by a plurality of pins or bolts or the like. At least one end of at least one of the pins or bolts may have an extension extending longitudinally therefrom. A sensor is provided along a conveying path of the chain for sensing the presence of the pin or bolt and/or extension as the section of chain is conveyed along the conveying path. The sensor provides a signal indicative of a detection of the pin or pins or bolts. A control may be responsive to the sensor, such as to determine the degree of wear in the section of chain in response to one or more signals from the sensor.

Abstract: A portable electro-hydraulic test bed apparatus with analog control station and methodology for performing hands-on materials and components testing. A portable test bench is provided having a hydraulic pump and a reservoir of hydraulic oil. The pressurized hydraulic fluid flows through a pressure relief valve, filter, and ball valve to a servo control valve. The servo control valve controls the action of the hydraulic ram. Any return hydraulic fluid flows through check valve, filter, and heat exchanger back to the reservoir. The servo control valve with the hydraulic ram may be moved to the location where the test is to occur. Whenever the hydraulic ram is moved to a different location displacement interlock is also required. The hydraulic ram is anchored at one end and the test is performed on the test item with the other end of the ram. A displacement sensor is included to determine how much the test item is being displaced.

Abstract: A device is provided for measuring heat flux from a test material exposed to a flame. The device includes of an elongate element defining a passageway for a fluid, a fluid flowing through the passageway, a mechanism for measuring the rate of water flow through the passageway, and a plurality of temperature-sensing elements positioned along the passageway and within the elongate element. The temperature-sensing elements are spaced from one another longitudinally with respect to the passageway.

Abstract: A surface pressure distribution sensor includes a row-line portion and a column-line portion that face each other with a certain spacing therebetween by a spacer. The row-line portion includes a glass substrate, multiple row lines formed on the glass substrate so as to extend in parallel to each other in a first direction, and an insulating film that covers the row lines. The column-line portion includes a flexible film and multiple column lines formed on the flexible film so as to extend in parallel to each other in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction.

Abstract: A sampler for collecting vertically continuous media samples from aggregate liquid filtering systems. The sampler includes a sample collecting lower section have an inner member rotatably carried within an outer member. These lower members have slots which may be aligned by relative rotation of the members. An upper extension section has inner and outer members which are releasably coupled to the lower inner and outer members. The extension section has handles which allow manual rotation of the inner members relative to the outer members. The handles are used to insert the sampler into an aggregate bed, open the slots to collect a sample, close the slots and remove the sampler from the bed.

Abstract: A non-destructive plastic butt weld inspection method in which the weld bead 42 is removed from an exterior surface of a weld zone region 44 of a butt weld and the weld zone region 44 is heated to a temperature sufficient to visualize the weld zone 44. After heating, defective joints are readily identified by the appearance of a bond line 40 in the weld zone 44 while satisfactory joints merely show the weld zone 44 with no evidence of a bond line 40. Surface irregularities such as ridges 46 and indentations 48 may also form in the weld zone during the heating step.

Abstract: A guide for a video pipe inspection system that includes a camera head and a tubular coil spring having a central axis. A guide member with radially extending fins is configured to surround the tubular spring. At least one pin is removably engageable with the guide member and the tubular coil spring to retain the guide member in position with respect to the tubular coil spring. The straight segments of a pair of opposing U-shaped pins can be inserted into grooves in the guide member so that they extend between adjacent coils of the tubular coil spring. In alternate form, the guide member may include an inner capture ring assembly that receives the pins. An outer yoke assembly surrounds, and is freely rotatable about, the inner capture ring assembly and includes a pair of axles for rotatably supporting a pair of wheels that engage an interior wall of the pipe.

Abstract: A geared motor comprising an electric motor, a reduction gear having an input connected to a rotational shaft of the electric motor, an output shaft connected to an output stage gear of the reduction gear, which has a coupling member of resilient material attached thereto and a position sensor for detecting a rotational angle position of the output shaft, which has an input shaft connected to the output stage gear through the coupling member wherein the output stage gear has a protrusion imbedded in the coupling member so as to reinforce the coupling member and prevent it from being twisted whereby there occurs no difference between a rotational angle of the output shaft and that of the input shaft of the position sensor.

Abstract: A clamping mechanism for an adjustable steering column for a vehicle includes an actuating lever for actuating a clamping device which is coupled to an operating lever to which is mounted an operating handle. The two levers are interconnected intermediate their ends such that one lever can pivot and slide in a slot relatively to the other and the lever having a moveable fulcrum to allow for adjustment of the steering column. The fulcrum of the lever is fixed and the geometry is such that the clamping device always returns to the same, fully locked position, regardless of the rake and/or reach adjustment position of the steering column.

Abstract: A shift lever for a bicycle having a derailleur, includes a housing including a clamp head for mounting the housing on a handlebar of the bicycle and a cavity therein; a gear connected with the cable, rotatably mounted in the cavity and having first and second sets of teeth; a major pawl element mounted to the housing and biased by a spring into engagement with the first set of teeth; a main lever rotatably mounted to the housing, having a thumb engaging end and a substantially common axis of movement with a person's thumb during a shifting operation, such that the main lever moves in a natural direction of movement of the thumb to tighten a grip of the person on the handlebar on which the shift lever is mounted; and a minor pawl element for engaging the second set of teeth.

Abstract: A conduit cover is configured to protect hoses, wires, cables and the like that run along a portion of a bicycle frame. The conduit cover basically has a rigid body portion, a first contact portion and a second contact portion in which the body portion is substantially straight. The body portion and the first and second contact portions define a substantially straight longitudinally extending slot that is sized and configured to receive a conduit therein. The body portion preferably has a pair of at fixing portions with threaded bores for easy attachment to bicycle frame.

Abstract: An adjustable pedal assembly for a vehicle includes a support bracket having a top wall, a bottom wall, a rear wall, and a pair of opposed side walls. The pedal assembly includes a carrier bracket slidingly supported by the support bracket, and the carrier bracket includes a generally inclined front wall, a floor extending from a lower edge of the front wall, and a pair of opposed side walls extending between the front wall and the floor. The carrier assembly also includes a pedal pivotally attached to the carrier bracket along a pivot axis that extends longitudinally therealong the carrier bracket. The carrier assembly further includes a pedal adjustment mechanism operatively attached to the carrier bracket, for adjusting the position of the carrier bracket relative to the support bracket to adjust the position of the pedals along a predetermined path.

Abstract: A footswitch having an adjustable treadle and switch placements, thereby helping to make the footswitch ergonomically more correct for a variety of users.

Abstract: An electric machining tool includes a plurality of functional components in separate housings (1, 2, 3), whereby the individual housings (1, 2, 3) are coupled to one another and axially aligned. A mounting (5) is provided having a spring-elastic belt (6) that surrounds at least partially coaxially an exterior of one of the housings (1, 2, 3). The belt (6) has a plurality of branching gripping arms (7-12) extending in an axial direction, and the ends (13-18) of the gripping arms are engageable in one or more of the housings (1, 3) adjacent to the housing about which the belt (6) extends. The mounting (5) secures the housings (1, 2, 3) against an opposite movement in the axial direction and rotational movement.

Abstract: A controllable, multi-mode, bi-directional overrunning clutch assembly and a shift system are adapted for use in a power transmission device. The clutch assembly includes a first ring journalled on a first rotary member, a second ring fixed to a second rotary member, and a plurality of rollers disposed in opposed cam tracks formed between the first and second rings. The first ring is split to define an actuation channel having a pair of spaced end segments. An actuator ring is moveable between positions engaged with and released from the end segments of the first ring. The shift system includes a moveable clutch actuator which controls movement of the actuator ring for establishing engaged and disengaged clutch modes. An alternate embodiment clutch assembly includes first and second rings non-rotatably coupled to one another. A third ring is selectively engageable with a rotary component to transfer power thereto.

Abstract: A jar opener including a lid clamp adapted to clamp onto a lid of a jar; a motor connected to the lid clamp; and a frame having the motor connected thereto. The frame includes at least three frame sections which are vertically slidingly connected relative to one another in series in a general telescoping fashion. The motor is connected to a top one of the frame sections.

Abstract: A wrench comprises an enclosed box portion comprising an opening having an upper groove, an internal crescent cavity adjacent a handle and being in communication with the opening, a positioning mechanism including a ring disposed in the opening and a spring urged against a wall of the cavity, a pawl in the cavity leaned against the wall of the cavity, a ring member having an annular recess, a flexible C-ring put on the recess, and a ratchet wheel in the opening and having an upper portion with the ring member fitted therearound so that the C-ring can be disposed in both the recess and the groove. Counterclockwise rotating the wrench will transfer exerted force to projections on an inner wall of the opening since the pawl is prevented from rotating about the ratchet wheel. Clockwise rotating the wrench will disable the projections for enabling an angle adjustment of exerted force.

Abstract: A ratchet wrench includes a wrench body, an operation body, a limit plate, a pawl member, a cover plate, a snap ring, and a rotation member. The pawl member is rotated by the limit plate, so that the engaging teeth of the pawl member mesh with the ratchet teeth of the drive head, and the operation body is operated in one direction only by rotation of the drive head. Thus, the ratchet wrench that can be operated easily and conveniently, thereby facilitating the user operating the ratchet wrench.