Abstract: Disclosed is a continuous line process for making a pre-formed object having a plurality of surfaces comprising the steps of: (1) providing a sol phase of the composition comprising a solvent and a gelling agent having a sol-gel transition point between about the melting point of the solvent and about the boiling point of the solvent; (2) forming surfaces of the sol phase composition by passing through a surface forming system, the surface forming system pressing the sol phase composition between a plurality of liners; (3) cooling the sol phase composition into a gel phase; and (4) cutting the gel phase composition; wherein the pre-formed object is free of a supporting substrate.

Abstract: Substantially tubular, or sleeve-type, cartons each with an end opening having a width less than a pitch of flight bars of a packaging machine but having a combined end opening equal to the pitch of the packaging machine are erected and placed between the flight bars. In one embodiment, the cartons are detachably affixed to one another. In another embodiment, the cartons are detachably affixed to one another in collapsed condition such that the composite collapsed carton formed thereby has dimensions substantially similar to a single carton loadable on the machine.

Abstract: A beverage bottling plant for filling bottles with a liquid beverage, having a filling element of a filling machine with a rotary construction for filling bottles or similar containers with a liquid has, in a filling element housing, a liquid duct for the controlled dispensing of a liquid at a dispensing opening. The dispensing opening is located in a recess into which the respective container extends with its container mouth during the filling, and into which at least one additional duct of the filling element empties. During a cleaning or rinsing phase, the recess can be closed by a plate-shaped closing element. The abstract of the disclosure is submitted herewith as required by 37 C.F.R. §1.72(b). As stated in 37 C.F.R. §1.72(b): A brief abstract of the technical disclosure in the specification must commence on a separate sheet, preferably following the claims, under the heading “Abstract of the Disclosure.

Abstract: A method and device for folding an end portion of a substantially elliptical-section, tubular wrapping for a group of cigarettes, whereby the end portion of the tubular wrapping is folded by forming three first and three second folded flaps located on opposite sides of a major axis of the elliptical section of the tubular wrapping; the first and second flaps being defined respectively by a respective central flap and by two respective lateral flaps, each of the second flaps being specular with a corresponding first flap, and being located between the major axis of the elliptical section and a packing wheel supporting the tubular wrapping; the first flaps being folded first, commencing with the first central flap; and the second flaps being folded subsequently, commencing with the second lateral flaps.

Abstract: A packaging machine former (10) having a base (11) upon which there is mounted a former member (12). Strip bag material passes over the member (12) to be arranged from a strip configuration to a tubular configuration into which product to be packaged is delivered. The base (11) and member (12) have passages through which a gas is delivered to be included with the product in the bags being formed.

Abstract: A structure and method of removing semi-rigid debris and demisting gas for use primarily in surface maintenance or conditioning machines, Demisting is accomplished by a combination techniques including rapid pressure reduction and removal of semi rigid debris is accomplished by forcing the debris through a path with curvatures to great for the debris to follow.

Abstract: A cyclone dust-collector which filters out dust and dirt from drawn-in air at least two times, comprising a multiple cyclone unit having a first cyclone and a plurality of second cyclones arranged at the outside of the first cyclone, for centrifugally separating the dust and dirt from the drawn-in air; a cover unit connected to the upper portion of the multiple cyclone unit, for allowing the first and the second cyclones to separating communicate with each other; and a dirt-collecting unit connected to the lower portion of the multiple cyclone unit, for collecting therein the dust and dirt centrifugally separated.

Abstract: A cyclone dust collecting apparatus for a vacuum cleaner comprises a cyclone body having a first cyclone and a second cyclone, an air inlet and an air outlet connected to the cyclone body, and a dust receptacle connected to the cyclone body. The dust receptacle includes a receptacle body and a partition member. The partition member is mounted on an inner circumference of the dust receptacle, and divides the inside of the dust receptacle into an upper and a lower dust collecting chambers. The lower dust collecting chamber is formed larger than the upper dust collecting chamber.

Abstract: An improved cyclone dust-collecting apparatus of a vacuum cleaner for efficient collection of fine dusts. The vacuum cleaner which comprises a cyclone body integrally including a first cyclone part and a second cyclone part formed around the first cyclone part, a first cover mounted on the cyclone body and including air paths through which dust-laden air flows, a second cover concentrating and transferring air exhausted from the second cyclone part to the cyclone body, and a dust receptacle mounted under the cyclone body and collecting separated dusts.

Abstract: A powered air cleaning system (31) and air cleaning method are disclosed. The system comprises a flow path (22) extending through the system from an air inlet (4) to a clean air outlet (5). A motor-driven fan (24) located along the flow path draws particulate debris laden air into the inlet and rotates it about an axis (A-A) to form a rotating flow that stratifies the debris laden air with the heaviest particles in the outermost orbits of the rotating flow. An ejector port (33) is provided for ejecting particulate debris laden air from the stratified rotating flow in the system to the environment. An air filter (9) located within the rotating flow and across the flow path upstream of the outlet filters air from the innermost orbits of the stratified rotating flow.

Abstract: A particulate filter assembly comprises a tube, an end cap secured to the tube, a filter positioned in the tube, and a conductor. The conductor is configured to conduct filtered exhaust gas from the filter to an outlet defined in the end cap.

Abstract: A device for an axial cyclone (1) of the kind which is used for separating a fluid from a gas, where the gas flowing through the axial cyclone (1), primarily in the axial direction of the axial cyclone (1) assigns a rotation around the centre axis (12) of the axial cyclone (1), and where the axial cyclone (1) comprises in the flow direction of the fluid an inlet pipe (2), a transitional part (4) and a downstream pipe (6) where the downstream pipe (6) is supplied with a cross-sectional area smaller than the cross-sectional area of the inlet pipe.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for filtering a gas or liquid stream such as a natural gas stream. The apparatus includes a closed vessel having a longitudinally extending length, an initially open interior, an input port at one extent and an output port at an opposite extent thereof. A partition located within the vessel interior divides the vessel interior into a first stage and a second stage. At least one opening is provided in the partition. A filter element is disposed within the vessel to extend from within the first stage. The filter element is easily mounted or removed from the vessel by rotating a J-slot engagement surface on the element which mates with a mounting structure provided in the vessel interior.

Abstract: A method for plugging a subset of cells of a honeycomb structure having a plurality of open-end cells extending therethrough including providing at least one cylindrically-shaped first roller including an engagement surface having a plurality of outwardly-extending teeth spaced along a length and about a circumference of the at least one first roller, wherein the teeth are spaced so as to engage a first subset of a total number of cells exposed on a first end of the honeycomb structure. The method also includes rolling the engagement surface of the at least one first roller across the first end of the honeycomb structure with the teeth extending into the first subset of cells, thereby deforming the first end of the honeycomb structure and plugging a second subset of the total number of cells substantially different from the first subset of cells.

Abstract: An agricultural harvesting machine that comprises a crop processing mechanism and an elevator assembly for conveying harvested crop material to the crop processing mechanism is provided. The elevator assembly comprises an elevator housing, an elevator mechanism mounted in the housing, at least two flexible endless members and a plurality of slats mounted transversely to the flexible members. The slats have an S-shaped cross section that provides additional strength to the slats while reducing the chance of damage to the crop conveyed by these slats.

Abstract: A dual power path drive and method for controllably decelerating the rotor or rotors of an agricultural combine in reduced time, without causing undesirable wear, shock and energy transfer to other aspects of the power system of the combine. The drive and method use a planetary gear arrangement having an output connected to the rotor or rotors, an input connected to an output of a first power source or path which can be a fluid power source such as a fluid motor of a hydro-static drive or a variable speed electrical motor, the first power source or path being controllable within speed limits thereof for decelerating the rotor from several operating states.

Abstract: An apparatus for moving particulate matter includes a body having a drive mechanism that operatively connects a motor to a shaft of a paddle assembly. A drive housing is disposed on the body and houses the drive mechanism. A cavity having a first side, a second side, and at least a partial semi-circular cross-sectional shape is disposed in the body, and the paddle assembly includes the shaft and a plurality of paddles disposed therefrom. Each paddle includes a bottom wall that is sized and shaped to extend along a width of the paddle in a substantially planar manner between the first side wall and the second side wall of the cavity, and a distal end that travels along the semi-circular cross-sectional shape of the cavity during operation.

Abstract: A pneumatic raisin harvester for harvesting dried-on-the-vine raisins grown on a trellis system comprising a plurality of support stakes and a trellis wire interconnecting the stakes spaced apart from the vine trunk. The harvester has a support assembly attached to and transported by a tractor or other vehicle. A support arm extends outwardly from the tractor to support a harvesting head having a head enclosure configured to straddle the trellis wire and support stakes. A crop separating mechanism, such as a plurality of beater rods, disposed inside the head enclosure dislodges raisins from the vines. A raisin collecting system transports the raisins to a venturi inlet that is hydraulically connected to a hydraulically powered pneumatic conveying system comprising a blower that discharges pressurized air through one or more air tubes so as to deposit the raisins in one or more raisin bins on a bin trailer towed by the tractor.

Abstract: The new art to which this application pertains is an electrically operated boom, of various overall lengths, to extend a small rotary blade electric grass cutter from a nominal 5 to 20 feet down, or out, to cut grass on steep slopes and in ditches. It is a fully mechanized electric grass cutting machine for cutting grass where it is difficult, impossible, or unsafe to stand up. It is an electric, rotary blade, grass cutting-head on the end of a three-section electrically powered telescoping boom, mounted on a powered carrier vehicle; such as, a small riding mower. The carrier vehicle is not a part of this application. It can be operated by persons of limited strength, physical abilities or aptitudes. It is controlled with two electric switches and one hand crank. Complete machine and carrier are inexpensive; less than the cost of a small riding mower. It is a machine for average people who are not skilled in machine operation; and for residential use.

Abstract: Novel lawn mowers and tree shredders or “chippers” designed to prevent the spread of agricultural pathogens, such as citrus canker, for example, are described and claimed herein. Exemplary embodiments of the mower comprise a storage tank containing chemical agent useful in eradicating agricultural pathogen, the tank connected to a series of nozzles arranged on the mower such that the mowing blades, lower frame of the mower, and housing guard, for example, are sprayed with the chemical agent. Embodiments of the “chipper” include one or more nozzles arranged within the hopper and/or the exit chute through which chemical agent may be sprayed onto foliage entering into the chipper and processed foliage exiting the chipper, respectively.

Abstract: The present invention proposes a cutting machine comprising a frame, a tilting element connected to said frame by means of a first pivot articulation, a bracket connected to said tilting element by means of a second pivot articulation, a cutting mechanism connected to said bracket by means of a third pivot articulation and a conveyor device intended to move laterally the product cut by said cutting mechanism. The said conveyor device is connected to said tilting element in such a manner as to be able to pivot relative to said frame about said first articulation together with said cutting mechanism.

Abstract: This invention is an apparatus for a lawn mower having a rotating blade enclosed by a deck. A grass catching hopper is removably secured to the mower. A first conduit communicates with a blower which induces increased airflow and moves grass clips and debris to the hopper interior. Controlled and enhanced air flow results from an air flow insert in the first conduit entrance. Air and entrained materials collide with a hopper interior wall, and a large amount of entrained materials drop to the hopper floor. Air and the small amount of entrained materials remaining in it are directed back toward the first wall and through an opening to a chamber containing a baffle system. Baffles within the baffle system sequentially engage air and entrained materials more of which fall to the floor of the baffle chamber. Air and what remains of the entrained materials are then drawn out of the chamber and back to the intake of the blower through a second conduit.

Abstract: A horticultural or agricultural cutting device is disclosed which comprises a body (4), a rotor (20) rotatably coupled to the body, at least one cutter (54), (56) which rotates along with the rotor and extends radially to the axis of rotation, and a powered drive (eg. an electric motor (40)) which drives the rotor and cutter. The rotor provides a collection surface (58). (60) which follows the cutter as it rotates and so serves to collect cut material. The rotor is formed such as to expel the cut material centrifugally and the body provides a roughly tangential collection channel away from the rotor along which the collected material is thereby propelled. The collection channel is led to a waste receptacle.

Abstract: A lawn mower blade or the like consisting of a rectangular elongated and flattened plate (2) including in its center a bore (3) bordered on either side with holes (4) for its being fixed to a rotating drive shaft, the blade having a leading edge (7), a trailing edge (8) and a raised part (9) located proximate each end of the blade, while each leading edge (1) and trailing edge (8) has, relative to a horizontal plane containing the plate (2), a chamfered profile (6) which is provided with an angle (?) ranging between 0 and 30 degrees and the chamfered profile (6) includes a tapered terminal tip (10) whose land thickness d ranges between 0.1 and 0.5 millimeters.

Abstract: An adapter kit is provided to permit modification of a hay rake to permit single pass hay raking and hay baling. The adapter kit provides an adapter main beam which supports the hay rake with a v-shaped braced rear main beam support positioned between the hay rake main beam and the adapter main beam, and a front main beam support positioned between the hay rake main beam and the adapter main beam. The rear main beam support and the front main beam support may be bolted or welded to the hay rake frame. A drive shaft is supported by the adapter main beam, such that a first end of the drive shaft may be connected to a tractor power take off, and the second end may be connected to a baler. The adapter kit includes hydraulic hoses and connectors to provide hydraulic controls from the tractor to the rake and to the baler.

Abstract: A haymaking machine including a frame carrying at least one pair of rotors connected to carrying arms that may be moved from a working position, in which they are substantially horizontal, to a transport position, in which they are substantially vertical, and vice-versa. The carrying arms of at least one pair of rotors include a latching mechanism that connects them together and locks them with regard to one another in the transport position.

Abstract: A device for combining two rakes to provide a combination raking and picking up apparatus comprising a pair of sleeves pivotally attached to one another. A first rake handle is secured into the first of the connected sleeves. A second rake handle is removably attached to the second of the connected sleeves. The attachment of the second rake handle to the second sleeve allows the second rake to rotate at least 180 degrees within the second sleeve. This allows a user to use the apparatus for raking lawn debris and to easily convert the apparatus into a tool to pick up debris. An attachment for packing leaves into a receptacle is also provided.

Abstract: A metal cord (100) comprising at least two metal strands (101 A-G). At least one strand (lOlD) is welded, said welded strand having an elongation at rupture of more than 30% of the elongation at rupture of an identical strand without weld.

Abstract: The subject matter of the invention concerns a robot with at least one conductor guiding apparatus (1) running at least partially on the outside, in which guiding apparatus conductors, hoses or similar are guided. The conductor guiding apparatus (1) has at least one spatially deflectable section formed by members (4) each having a central body (5) through which a flexible linking element (6) extends. The members (4) form a channel (9) for accommodating supply conductors.

Abstract: An axial-flow turbine has an exhaust diffuser including a hub-side tube and a tip-side tube. In the exhaust diffuser, front struts and rear struts are placed to cross a flow of working fluid. A wake generated behind the front strut diverts from the rear strut and passes through a gap between a pair of the rear struts. Otherwise, a wake generated behind the front strut hits against the front face of the rear strut. The front struts are equal to or multiple of the rear struts in number.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a turbo-jet engine comprising a fixed structure, a fan rotor integral with a drive shaft supported by a first bearing and a second bearing. It is characterized in that it comprises means forming axial retaining means for the fan rotor and/or forming an emergency bearing, cooperating with means of the fixed structure and mounted integral with the drive shaft. In particular it comprises a structural flange on which the second bearing is fixed, and the means forming axial retaining means for the fan and/or forming an emergency bearing comprise a retaining disk mounted on the drive shaft and cooperating with a stop disk of flange for axially retaining fan and with a longitudinal sleeve of flange to form an emergency bearing.

Abstract: A turbojet comprises at least a fan, a compressor, a combustion chamber, a turbine, and a rigid substantially-cylindrical jacket fastened at its upstream end to an intermediate casing and at its downstream end to an exhaust casing, the jacket serving to transmit forces between the intermediate casing and the exhaust casing.

Abstract: The invention relates to a turbojet having two counter-rotatable fans (3, 5) at the front of an intermediate casing (2), said fans being secured to a counter-rotatable low-pressure compressor (7). The blades (14) of the rear fan (5) extend into the by-pass air flow (F2) from a wheel (15) that surrounds the outer rotor (20) of the low-pressure compressor (7). The distance (L) between the blades (10) of the front fan (3) and the blades (14) of the rear fan (5) is not less than twice the length (l) of the projection onto the axis of the cord-line of the blades (10) of the front fan (3).

Abstract: A gas turbine engine exhaust nozzle includes a row of laterally sinuous chevrons extending from an aft end of an exhaust duct. The chevrons have radially outer and inner surfaces bound by a laterally sinuous trailing edge extending between a base of the chevrons adjoining the duct and an axially opposite apex of the chevrons. Each chevron has a compound arcuate contour both axially and laterally, and the sinuous trailing edge of the chevrons further compounds the arcuate configuration of each chevron.

Abstract: A gas turbine including a compressor, combustor and turbine further includes (1) a cooling air system for supplying part of air compressed by a compressor to a high temperature section of the turbine, (2) a heat exchanger for exchanging heat of part of air compressed by the compressor, this heater being mounted on the cooling air system, and (3) a system for adjusting the air temperature downstream from the heat exchanger in conformity to the operation period of the turbine.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for purifying exhaust gases from a combustion engine (1), comprising an arrangement (30) for recirculating exhaust gases from the engine to an air intake (2) thereof, a valve device (12) controlled by a control device (13) for regulating the relation between fresh air and recirculated exhaust gases supplied to the engine, and a regenerable filter (8) adapted to catch particulate constituents of the exhaust gases. The device further comprises means (14) for recording the temperature of the exhaust gases from the engine.

Abstract: A three-way catalyst (30) comprises a microporous catalyst element (30a) having a micropore group whose average pore opening size is smaller than molecular size of HC in a washcoat and a macroporous catalyst element (30b) having a macropore group whose average pore opening size is larger than the molecular size of HC in a washcoat.

Abstract: An apparatus for forming a mixture of reducing agent and exhaust gas, having a mixture-forming region into which an exhaust gas and a reducing agent can be introduced, wherein the wall of the mixture-forming region is embodied at least in part with protuberances and indentations, and in particular in corrugated fashion.

Abstract: Exhaust gases from CVD and plasma processes contain toxic pollutants, particularly fluorine-containing compounds, and must therefore be purified. In a device for the purification of exhaust gases, frequently one comprising a combustion chamber and a fuel gas flame, the pollutants are converted by means of a thermally activated, chemical reaction. A special design of the combustion chamber and the burner improves the economy of the exhaust gas purification process and, above all, reduces the amount of nitrogen oxide contained in the purified exhaust gas. To this end, it is ensured that a flame having a reducing effect over its entire cross section forms in the burner by separately supplying fuel gas and oxygen in an alternate manner into drill holes arranged on a single hole circle and by sealing the combustion chamber such that no additional air is supplied to the vicinity of the burner.

Abstract: A system and method for the regeneration of a particle filter (13) arranged downstream from a catalyzer unit (14) in an exhaust canal (10) arranged to an internal combustion engine (2), where the internal combustion engine (2) is arranged to assume a first operational mode (60) in which a driving torque is emitted and a second operational mode (80) constituting engine braking where the internal combustion engine (2) supplies compression work to a gas mixture which flows through the exhaust canal (10) without a corresponding expansion work having been emitted from the gas mixture, and a vehicle where the method is utilized.

Abstract: A water repellent material, such as PTFE layer, is provided by coating on the surface of a Pt catalyst. A catalytic carrier supporting the Pt catalyst is a metallic tube, such as an aluminum tube. The coolant acting as a heating medium is supplied into this metallic tube. According to this arrangement, the catalyst surface is not covered with the moisture contained in the air, the moisture contained in the fuel gas, or the moisture contained in the exhausted catalytic combustion gas. The catalyst can directly contact with a fuel mixture. The catalyst function does not deteriorate. A sufficient amount of catalytic combustion heat is generated. Accordingly, the catalytic combustion heater can quickly increase the catalyst temperature to the activation temperature within a short time. Furthermore, the temperature of the PTFE layer can be maintained at a temperature range not exceeding its heat-resisting limit.

Abstract: A water separating filter, disposed between a gas mixing chamber and a catalytic combustion chamber in a passage, includes numerous fine passages for trapping waterdrops or steam contained in a fuel mixture produced from the gas mixing chamber and letting the trapped waterdrops or steam dwell in the water separating filter. The fuel mixture contains no water components when it flows into the catalytic combustion chamber. No moisture adheres on the catalyst surface. The fuel mixture surely contacts with the catalyst. The catalytic combustion is stably maintained. The catalytic combustion heat is not consumed by the waterdrops for the latent heat required in the process of evaporation. A catalytic combustion heater can quickly increase the catalyst temperature to the active temperature within a short time.

Abstract: Hydraulic systems generally comprise expansion hose lines and other damping elements which are provided with one or several serially connected hose chambers according to the generated pressure pulsation. The damping measures of the inventive hydraulic system are initiated according to the prevailing pressure during operation thereof. The aim of the invention is to keep the loss of pressure low and save a significant amount of energy during continuous operations. Said aim is achieved by a direct line connection between the source of pressure and the user, which bypasses the dampers. Said bypass line is blocked by a valve when the pressure in the system increases.

Abstract: A variable capacity hydraulic machine has a rotating group located within a casing and a control housing secured to the casing to extend across and seal an opening in the casing. The control housing accommodates a control circuit and a pair of sensors to sense change in parameters associated with the rotating group. One of the sensors is positioned adjacent the barrel on the rotating group to sense rotational speed and the other senses displacement of the swashplate. The control housing accommodates a control valve and accumulator to supply fluid to the control valve.

Abstract: The present invention provides a scroll-type expander that simultaneously performs expansion and re-heating such that efficient expansion is realized and there is no reduction in efficiency caused by pressure loss occurring during the supply of an working fluid to the scroll-type expander, and that minimizes a difference in temperature between a stationary scroll member and a rotating scroll member, as well as a temperature distribution of a scroll wrap. The present invention also relates to a heat exchange system that uses a scroll-type expander to replace pistons in a conventional reciprocating Stirling engine or refrigerator with a pair of scroll-type compressor and expander such that the heat exchange system may be used as a Stirling engine or refrigerator. The present invention also provides a steam engine, in which a steam turbine in the conventional steam engine (Rankine system) is replaced with a scroll-type expander such that the steam cycle has both a re-heating cycle and a regeneration cycle.

Abstract: A new thermodynamic cycle engine consisting of six events repeated continuously. Event 1 is adiabatic compression of a carrier gas to raise its temperature. Event 2 is liquid Injection into the hot carrier gas near the end of event 1. Event 3 is temperature equalization between the carrier gas and injected liquid with the liquid's full or partial vaporization. Event 4 is adiabatic expansion of the mixture. Event 5 exhausts the mixture. Exhaust should be captured to save and separate the mixture into its components to increase efficiency. Event 6 is the induction of a new charge of carrier gas, bringing the cycle back to initial conditions of event one. This cyclical sequence of six events numbered from any starting point in an engine will be referred to as the RAKH CYCLE Engine. Devices reversing this cycle using compression to concentrate heat, and injecting water to cool the carrier gas are RAKH CYCLE Refrigerators.

Abstract: Method and device for converting, thermal energy into kinetic energy . The device includes at least two enclosed chambers. Each enclosed chamber has an expansion chamber, a compression chamber, and a displacer. The device also includes at least one drive to move the displacers, at least one regenerator, and control units are also used. A machine is arranged between the at least two enclosed chambers. The method includes a compression phase where a medium is compressed with one displacer, a heat absorption phase where heat is absorbed in the at least one regenerator, an expansion phase where heat is supplied in an expansion chamber and guided through the machine to release effective work, and a heat dissipation phase where heat is dissipated in the at least one regenerator and returned to the compression chamber. The medium flows back and forth between the at least two enclosed chambers. Heat absorption phase occurs before the machine and heat dissipation phase occurs after the machine.

Abstract: A microelectrical mechanical out-of-plane thermal buckle-beam actuator is capable of providing transverse-plane movement of shutters. The actuator includes a pair of structural anchors secured to a substrate and one or more thermal buckle-beams secured at respective base ends to the anchors. Each buckle-beam extends substantially parallel to and spaced-apart from the substrate and is releasable from the substrate at points other than at the anchors. The thermal buckle-beam actuators are suitable for use in a microelectrical mechanical optical display system.

Abstract: This invention relates to a master cylinder of the so-called “penetration” type, in which a cup (3), which is fitted inside a groove (11) of the master cylinder, bears on the wall (20) of a piston (2) in a sealing manner, and in which such wall (20) is provided with main resupply ports (51). According to the invention, the wall (20) of the piston (2) also comprises secondary resupply ports (52) having a smaller size than that of the main resupply ports (51) and disposed farther from the bottom part (33) of the cup (3), and achieving an outstanding static resupply of the master cylinder with brake fluid, with a reduced dynamic dead stroke.

Abstract: A system for limiting the rotational speed of a turbocharger is disclosed. The turbocharger includes a compressor having an outlet fluidly coupled to an intake manifold of an internal combustion engine and a compressor outlet, a turbine having an inlet fluidly coupled to an exhaust manifold of the engine and an outlet. A control computer is configured to compute a maximum compressor outlet pressure value as a function of the compressor inlet pressure, the compressor inlet temperature, an operating condition other than the compressor inlet pressure or temperature and a maximum allowable turbocharger speed value, and to control a turbine swallowing capacity or efficiency control mechanism in a manner that limits compressor outlet pressure to the maximum compressor outlet pressure value to thereby limit rotational speed of the turbocharger to the maximum turbocharger speed value. The operating condition may be, for example, engine intake air flow rate or engine speed.