Abstract: A method and an apparatus for preparing cellulose pulp, in which a lignin-containing raw material is impregnated with impregnation liquor and the impregnated raw material is cooked. The black liquor obtained by cooking is concentrated in an evaporation plant integrated in a chemical recovery plant. In the impregnation, the lignin-containing raw material is impregnated with a circulating alkaline impregnating liquor, which impregnating liquor is concentrated by evaporating water from it in at least one evaporator unit of the evaporation plant arranged in the chemical recovery plant of a pulp mill.

Abstract: A high pH and a low pH process for reducing the degree of polymerization of a pulp having a hemicellulose content of at least 7%. The high pH is greater than 8, and the low pH process is 2 to 8. The high pH process reduces the degree of polymerization without substantially increasing the copper number. The low pH process requires a subsequent treatment with alkali to reduce the copper number of the pulp to less than 2. The process can be practiced in pulp mills with a bleaching sequence having one or more E or D stages. At the end of the bleach sequence, a pulp having a degree of polymerization of 200 to 1100, a copper number of less than 2, and a hemicellulose content of at least 7% is provided. The pulp can be used to make lyocell fibers.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention is a fibrous structure that may comprise: cellulosic pulp fibers and pretreated cellulosic pulp fibers. The pretreated cellulosic pulp fiber is formed by pretreating cellulosic pulp fiber with a thermoplastic resin having a property selected from the group consisting essentially of water soluble, water dispersible, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: A machine for producing and/or treating a material web, in particular of paper or board, in which the material web can be guided along a material web guide path by means of at least one material web guide device from a material web production section or material web input section, in order to pass at least one material web treatment device, having an apparatus for forming a transfer strip of the material web and transferring the transfer strip through the machine, it being possible for the material web to be transferred along the material web guide path in that, by means of the apparatus for forming and transferring the transfer strip, a leading transfer strip of the material web is formed and guided through the machine, and the width of the transfer strip is increased to the full material web width (what is known as “tail widening”), and having an apparatus for detecting a break in the material web.

Abstract: Apparatus for continually joining paper webs, comprising means able to compress the said webs (5, 6) onto an impression cylinder or roller (4) while the webs advance toward an outlet section of the apparatus, characterized in that said compressive means include a roller or cylinder (2) which exhibits a hard outer surface (20) supported by an underlying elastic surface (23).

Abstract: A method of casting a refractory article. The method includes providing a mold formed from a slurry composition comprising plaster and fibers and adding a refractory composition to the mold. The method also includes allowing the refractory composition to set. The refractory composition comprises colloidal silica.

Abstract: This inventinn is related to a method and a system for continuously csst copper alloys with high affinity for carbon, where the casting die is at least partly made of, or at least partly covered with, material resistant to copper alloy to be cast and the flux cover is made of material resistant to copper alloy to be cast.

Abstract: Apparatus for abstracting heat comprises a container charged with a first liquid and with small auxiliary containers free to circulate in the first liquid. Each of the small auxiliary containers is charged with a second liquid. The first and second liquids each have a selected temperature of transformation that facilitates use of the apparatus to heat or cool a substance contacted by the apparatus.

Abstract: A cabinet which utilizes an air-to-air heat exchanger to remove heat generated from within the cabinet prevents water and dust from entering the air-to-air heat exchanger by forcing cooler external air up along a first side wall, through the air-to-air heat exchanger, and down along a second side wall.

Abstract: An air conditioner comprises: at least one outdoor unit having a compressor and an outdoor heat exchanger; an air process unit including a heat exchanger connected to the outdoor unit by a refrigerant pipe, in which the air is heat exchanged, and a blower fan blowing the heat exchanged air; and a duct having one side connected to the air process unit and another side connected to a plurality of rooms, and introducing to the room, the air blown after heat exchange. Accordingly, the refrigerant pipe is shortened, which reduces a pressure loss and a head loss. Also, oil discharged outside of the compressor together with the compressor refrigerant is easily recovered, and the amount of accumulated refrigerant is reduced, thereby reducing the risk of suffocation due to leakage of a refrigerant.

Abstract: A heat riser for bridging the gap between a heat source and a heat dissipation device in an electronic component, the heat riser formed of a flexible graphite article having two operative surfaces, one of which is in operative contact with a surface of the heat source and the other of which is in operative contact with a surface of the heat dissipation device.

Abstract: A heat dissipating device with heat conductive tubes comprises a heat dissipating unit including a plurality of fins; a bottom edge of each fin having a plurality of concave portions; a seat; a surface of the seat having a plurality of protruding surfaces; a top of the seat having a plurality of trenches; each trench being parallel to at least one protruding surface; a plurality of recesses being vertically passing through the plurality of trenches; the concave portions being formed corresponding to the trenches; the fins are inserted into the recesses and the concave portions cover upon the trenches; a plurality of heat conductive tubes; one end of each heat conductive tube being installed between one respective trench and respective concave portions of the plurality of concave portions so that the heat conductive tubes are positioned in the seat. A method for forming the unit is included.

Abstract: An apparatus for cleaning deposits from the interior surfaces of an industrial vessel, such as a kiln. The apparatus utilizes an air cannon manifold for selectively directing and venting a high volume of pressurized fluid to any one or more of a plurality of access ports defined in the vessel whereby the pressurized fluid is directed at the deposits to prevent them from adhering and accumulating on the walls of the vessel. A controller is provided to permit selection of a desired exhaust port for directing the pressurized fluid to the access ports and for sequencing an inlet valve in cooperation with a desired exhaust port.

Abstract: A fluidized bed cooler comprises a blower and a heatsink with a base and heat exchanging means. The blower comprises an electric drive with a stator and a rotor, an impeller and a casing with blower inlet and outlet. The base made as a heat spreader with a plate and provides a thermal contact with the electronic components and the heat exchanging means. The heat exchanging means are surrounded by a housing thus forms a fluidized bed chamber with inflow and outflow side openings. The fluidized bed chamber partially filled up with particulate solids and covered from both openings by intake and outtake grilled structures. The blower hydraulically connected by the inlet with the outflow side opening, so cooling gas flows through the inflow side opening, the fluidized bed chamber thus fluidizing the particulate solids, the outflow side opening, the blower inlet, the impeller and the blower outlet.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for a vehicle is provided having a core with a set of flow tubes connected to a header. The header includes a receiver/dryer housing in fluid communication with the flow tubes. An insert assembly is received in an end of the receiver/dryer housing and includes a sleeve having a substantially smooth outer surface, a filter portion received within the sleeve, and a plug portion configured to form a substantially fluid-tight seal with the sleeve. The inner diameter of the receiver/dryer housing and the outer diameter of the sleeve are substantially equal to each other.

Abstract: A heat exchanger assembly includes a core having first and second header tanks covered by tank caps. A pair of core reinforcing members presenting terminal ends extend between the first and second header tanks. A least one tab and an opening for receiving the tab are used for connecting the core reinforcing members to the tank caps.

Abstract: A plate type heat exchanger employing flat tubes, which can be manufactured easily and which have a high heat exchange performance includes a thin strip-shaped metal plate cut in the width direction and having remaining small connected portions and many cut portions disposed at fixed intervals in the longitudinal direction slits are formed in both sides of the cut portions having the same center. The strip-shaped metal plate is bent at the connected portions in a zigzag manner to form an aggregation of fin elements, and the flat tubes are engaged with the front and rear sides of the aggregation of the fin elements.

Abstract: A tube support device for a plurality of elongated members is disclosed. The support device includes an elongated longitudinally extending strip having a pair of opposing faces. The strip includes a plurality of engaging members extending from the pair of opposing faces. The support device is sized such that the support device is located between adjacent rows of elongated members. The plurality of engaging members arranged such that a portion of the plurality of engaging members extend from one face of the opposing faces and are arranged to contact the elongated members positioned adjacent one face and another portion of the plurality of engaging members extend from another face of the opposing faces and are arranged to contact the elongated members positioned adjacent the other face. The plurality of engaging members are located adjacent one end of the strip and extend along only a portion of the length of the strip. The remaining portion of the strip contains no engaging members.

Abstract: A heat exchanger of a ventilating system, including a plurality of heat exchanging plates which are laminated at a predetermined interval, a first heat exchange member which is laminated among the heat exchanging plates and is formed in a mesh type to increase turbulence of the outdoor air which flows while being attached on a first air path through which outdoor air passes and a second heat exchange member which is laminated among the heat exchanging plates crossed with the first heat exchange member and is formed in a mesh type to increase turbulence of indoor air which flows while being attached on a second air path through which the outdoor air passes can improve heat transfer performance by increasing turbulence of air by positioning a mesh type heat exchange in a air path through which outdoor and indoor air passes.

Abstract: A heat exchanger, particularly a flat-tube heat exchanger for a motor vehicle, which includes two coolant boxes and a tube block with an inlet tube attached to one of the boxes and an outlet tube attached to another of the boxes, and wherein each tube extends at least in part along one longitudinal side of the associated box and has at least one radial opening which communicates with a side opening formed in the box.

Abstract: The invention relates to the field of mining, namely, to the oil and gas extraction, hydrogeologic, engineering and the geologic and water supply industry and provides an apparatus for the cutting of slot-like key seats in the well bore zone of productive strata by means of hydraulic abrasion.

Abstract: Stabilizer (1) designed to be slid onto a rod (2), particularly a string of drilling rods. It comprises at least one elastic part (4) that can deform when the stabilizer (1) is held in an initial position in compression against a shoulder (5) of the rod (2), this elastic part (4) compensating for play that may appear later between the stabilizer (1) and the rod (2). Application particularly to drilling for oil wells.

Abstract: A method for the thermal stimulation of a geological gas hydrate formation (10) is described in which thermal energy is supplied to the gas hydrate formation (10) so that gas hydrates in the gas hydrate formation (10) are converted and gaseous components are released and the supplied thermal energy is delivered by an exothermal chemical reaction that takes place in a reactor (20) arranged in the gas hydrate formation (10). A device for carrying out the process is also described.

Abstract: A highly flexible, wireline survey tool has roller knuckle joints that enable the survey tool string to penetrate and survey horizontal wells having inclinations of about 80° and more from vertical. The survey tool string includes a nose, roller stems, roller knuckle joints, and a highly accurate electronic gauge embedded in a roller cage. Each component has external wheels that are free to contact and roll when they make contact with the inner surfaces of the well. The wheels act as both friction-reducing elements and stand-offs for the survey tool string with respect to the inner surfaces of the well.

Abstract: A system and method for sensing forces on a load-bearing tool located in a wellbore, according to which forces acting on the tool are sensed, and other conditions in the wellbore are measured. The forces on the tool caused by the measured conditions are subtracted from the sensed forces to determine the direct force acting on the tool.

Abstract: A flow back process usable on a well during a drilling operation includes the steps of flowing the commingled well fluids and solids into a surface-mounted flow back system under wellbore pressure. Alternatively, a flow back process includes the steps of connecting a surface-mounted flow back system to the well while the well is in an underbalanced condition. The operation of sequentially drilling through each of a plurality of isolation plugs is then initiated while flowing the well fluids and plug fragments into a surface-mounted flow back system. In yet another aspect, a large particle filter includes a filter section, a monitoring assembly, a bypass system and a purge assembly. The large particle filter can be connected to a Christmas tree and used to remove plug fragments from commingled flow leaving the well during a drilling operation.

Abstract: A solids-stabilized oil-in-water emulsion and a method for preparing the solids-stabilized oil-in-water emulsion. The oil-in-water emulsion is formed by combining oil, water, solid particles and a pH enhancing agent and mixing until the solid-stabilized oil-in-water emulsion is formed. The low viscosity oil-in-water emulsion can be used to enhance production of oil from subterranean reservoirs. The low viscosity oil-in-water emulsion can also be used to enhance the transportation of oil through a pipeline.

Abstract: The invention includes a method of increasing of the well rate of exploitation and recharge wells, comprising a means of decreasing the stress state in the well area by constructing of slot-like discharge key seats, wherein the slot-like key seats have a screw-like shape, wherein preliminary internal rock friction angles ? are determined for a rock composing a productive strata, and a pitch of the slot key seat screw is selected such that the tangent of the angle of deviation of the slot surface from the ? vertical will be between tg(45??/2)?tg(?)?1/?3, where ?—is the internal rock friction angle where the key slot is being made.

Abstract: A connection system to be used in conjunction with a perforating gun comprising a top sub formed to receive one end of a gun body of a perforating gun, a circumferential groove disposed on the outer surface of the gun body, and a collet secured to the top sub. The collet has at least one finger that engages the groove. Engaging the groove with the at least one finger of the collect connects the gun body to the top sub. A cover sleeve is included that retains the finger in connective engagement with the groove.

Abstract: Various propellant assemblies are disclosed herein for use in fracturing formations in well operations.

Abstract: A system and method for fracturing a hydrocarbon producing formation in which a fracturing tool is inserted in a wellbore adjacent the formation, and fracturing fluid is introduced into the annulus between the fracturing tool and the wellbore and flows to the formation.

Abstract: A riser connector connects the upper portion of a riser (12) having a latching enlargement (32) to a receptacle (14) on a vessel (16), so the riser upper end (22) can connect to a fluid coupling (42) leading to a conduit (40) on the vessel. A double-click mechanism (88), with parts on the enlargement and on the receptacle, turns a load ring on the enlargement to latch the enlargement in place when it is lifted to an upper position and lowered to a latched position, and releases it by again lifting and lowering. A cable coupling (24) is temporarily mounted on the top of the riser to enable the riser to be lifted by a cable (26), the cable coupling being later removed to connect the riser upper end to the fluid coupling on the vessel.

Abstract: A tool for radially expanding casing having a tool body that includes a proximal end, a distal end, and an outer surface. The tool includes at least one hydraulic channel disposed axially. The at least one hydraulic channel transmits hydraulic pressure from behind the expansion tool forward in the direction of travel of the expansion tool.

Abstract: One embodiment includes an apparatus comprising a surface slip to support drill tubing and having a communications instrument.

Abstract: The present invention generally provides a downhole valve for selectively sealing a bore. The downhole valve generally includes a closing member for seating in and closing the bore, and a pressure-actuated, retention member having first and second opposed piston surfaces for initially holding the valve in an open position but, in the event of a pressure differential between the piston surfaces, permits the closing member to operate and close the valve.

Abstract: A release mechanism is provided for a fire protection sprinkler having a body, including an output orifice sealed with a seal cap. The body has two arms extending therefrom that meet at a hub having a preload mechanism. The release mechanism includes a lever having a first end mounted on the preload mechanism. The mechanism further includes a strut having a first end mounted on the seal cap and a second end mounted on the first end of the lever. A thermally-responsive element is mounted in a second end of the lever, opposite the first end, and the thermally-responsive element has a displaceable member extending therefrom, so as to contact the strut.

Abstract: A dozer blade control system controls the position of a bulldozer blade, maintaining the blade at a constant position as the dozer travels through a worksite. The control system monitors the angle of the dozer blade with respect to the earth and when it senses that the dozer blade is tilting, it corrects the dozer blade's position by extending or retracting hydraulic cylinders that couple the dozer blade to the chassis of the crawler-tractor. When the dozer chassis pitches forwards, the blade begins to tilt forward and to drop closer to the ground. The control system senses this forward rotation of the blade and retracts the hydraulic cylinders that couple the blade to the chassis, causing the blade to return to and maintain its original position.

Abstract: A sod cutter (10) is disclosed including a frame (12) formed by welding the free edges of mount, frame and end plates (46a, 46b 46c) bent relative to one of two side plates (46) to the corresponding edges of the other side plate (48). An axle assembly (160) is pivotal relative to the frame (12) by a depth adjustment lever (198) between a working position where wheels (16) carried by the axle assembly (160) engage tubular members (168) slideably and nonrotatably received on a drive shaft (166) and a transport position where the wheels (16) are spaced from the tubular members (168). A U-shaped handlebar (210) is positionable between an operating position for grasping during operation and a storage position for lifting and handling. A U-shaped control (212) is pivotably mounted in front of and above the U-shaped handlebar (210) for actuating the throttle of the engine (18).

Abstract: A novel drill for the aerification of turf grasses is disclosed. The drill comprises a chuck and a fluted turf drill bit held by the chuck. The chuck includes a locking mechanism which permits the chuck to rotate freely about its longitudinal axis when loaded in compression (as when the drill is inserted into the ground) but which locks, preventing rotation, when the drill is loaded in tension (such as when the drill is withdrawn from the soil). The drill bit has a smooth upper section and a fluted lower section. The smooth section decreases the probability of entangling the turf in the drill bit with subsequent lifting of the turf when the drill is withdrawn. The tip of the drill bit is adapted to provide a torque to the drill bit during insertion into the ground. Thus, the bit spirals into the ground upon insertion, but locks upon removal, thereby permitting the flutes of the bit to cut a cylindrical hole in the ground while removing soil from the hole by retaining it in the space between the flutes.

Abstract: A turf maintenance device for the aeration and vertical cutting of soil, including a conventional aerator, a vertical cutting device mounted to the aerator, operatively connected to a power source such that the aerator and vertical cutting device may be operated independently and/or simultaneously.

Abstract: A safety mechanism for a turf aerator having a frame and an engine with a governor that generally prevents the turf aerator from operating at full power unless the safety mechanism is engaged. A blocking mechanism and a manual actuation device are mounted to the frame. The manual actuation device is in mechanical communication with the blocking mechanism. The blocking mechanism urges the governor toward a loaded position and the engine operates at a generally low power when the governor is in the loaded position.

Abstract: A gardening tool extracts a weed along with a plug of soil. A plurality of blades are circumferentially spaced about an axis of a shaft and extend downwardly beyond the lower end of the shaft for insertion into soil about the roots. Each blade includes a trailing edge and a leading edge that leads the trailing edge during rotation in a selected rotational direction about the axis. An ejector body is positioned between the blades and is axially movable from an upper position to a lower position to eject soil from between the blades. An ejector control member at least substantially surrounding the shaft is axially movable by hand. A plurality of connecting members are circumferentially spaced about the shaft and connect the ejector control member to the ejector body, such that axial movement of the ejector control member causes axial movement of the ejector body.

Abstract: A rotary cultivator (10) has an elongate tubular handle member (12), a cultivator tool (14) rotatably mounted at one end of the handle member (12) and an electric motor drive unit (16) mounted at the other end of the handle member (12), the handle member (12) being curved adjacent the end to which the cultivator tool (14) is mounted, a flexible drive element (22) extending within the tubular handle member (12), the flexible drive element (22) being connected directly at one end to the electric motor drive unit (16) and at the other end to the cultivator tool (14).

Abstract: A ground improvement device capable of cultivating, tilling, aerating, or otherwise improving the ground. The ground improvement device has a motor and an axle with at least one tine positioned thereon. A plurality of tines may be positioned on the axle. The number, design, configuration, and location and positioning of the tines may take a variety of forms. In operation, the power source powers the axle to rotate, causing the tine to contact the ground and mix and/or redistribute the soil. A pin that is capable of performing the functions of a tine may be used to connect the axle to the motor. Specialized attachments may also be attached to the tines to improve the cultivating properties of the device.

Abstract: The present invention involves a locating apparatus which is detachably mountable to a self-propelled vehicle. The vehicle has a pair of opposing lift arms each outwardly adjacent to the sides of the vehicle. The lift arms may be swingable up and down in unison and projecting forward to have front ends in front of a front end of the vehicle. Each of the lift arms has an attachment mechanism that provides for removable mounting of the apparatus to the arms. The vehicle has wheels capable of turning within a turning radius. The locating apparatus has a frame with means for attaching the apparatus to the lift arms; The holder is adapted to support a work implement over a work surface. The attachment has a mechanism that shifts the angular position of the holder and work implement with respect to the frame members so that the holder and work implement may be positioned in a plurality of directions parallel to radii of the turning radius.

Abstract: The Invisible Trencher is a single unit tool made of solid steel having a thin square blade welded to the bottom of a hollow or concrete filled metal cylinder with an insulated grip over a handle made of hollow steel welded to the top of the unit. The Invisible Trencher is a hand operated device for creating a trench for multiple purposes such as burying electrical, fiberoptic cable, low voltage wiring, irrigation pipe, etc. underground. The special characteristic of the device is the ability to create a trench without a major disruption in the ground. The trench depth is determined by the amount of force used during manual operation and whether using the hollow or concrete filled unit. The area trenched can be immediately closed with minimal pressure. After closure of the trench the area is restored to a near original appearance without expensive reconditioning of the area.

Abstract: A manual garden tool having an elongate shaft with an actuator rotatably mounted at its lower end, tine(s) mounted to the actuator, and a cam surface at the lower end of the shaft in contact with a surface of each tine such that, as the actuator is rotated between the first and second positions, the upper portion of each tine rotates with respect to the actuator and the lower portion of the tine moves between extended and contracted positions. The actuator and tines are locked against rotation when the tines are in either position, with the tines being locked against movement by being seated in troughs of a stop plate. The actuator and tines can be unlocked and moved up the shaft to provide clearance past seat walls for the tines to move between the extended and contracted positions. A molded a plastic handle is also provided. The handle can be secured at the upper end of the shaft of a manual garden tool.

Abstract: A drawbar assembly is used to connect a farm vehicle, such as a tractor, to a towed implement. A sleeve is supplied for secure attachment to the frame of the farm vehicle, and dimensioned interiorly thereof to embrace the drawbar and allow sliding, reciprocating, co-axial movement of the drawbar in the sleeve. At least one hydraulic cylinder comprising a casing housing, a hydraulically actuable piston, and rod assembly therein with the rod extensible beyond the casing, is provided. One of the rod and casing is configured for connection to the drawbar, and the other of the rod and casing for connection to the farm vehicle. A hydraulic system is connected to the hydraulic cylinder to effect adjustment of the rod relative to the casing and thereby (1) position the drawbar axially of the sleeve, and (2) to pressurize the cylinder in accordance with the damping qualities desired for the load carried by the towed implement.

Abstract: A system for mounting a blade assembly to a machine includes a mounting assembly having a first retainer assembly configured to assist in securing the blade assembly and a second retainer assembly configured to assist in securing the blade assembly. The first retainer assembly includes an adjusting assembly configured to reposition the first retainer assembly with respect to the blade assembly in at least two directions.

Abstract: A hitch structure for mounting attachments to a vehicle such as a skid steer loader is disclosed herein. The hitch structure includes a universal, reversible hitch structure. The hitch structure includes a first end positioned opposite a second end, a fixed locking structure located adjacent each of the first end and the second end, the fixed locking structure constructed for receiving a toe end of an attachment carrier of a loader vehicle. The hitch structure also includes a removable locking structure with a slot for receiving a locking wedge positioned adjacent a heel end of the attachment carrier. The removable locking structure is removably engageable with the hitch structure alternatively adjacent either the first end or the second end of the hitch structure to form a clamping structure with the fixed locking structure located at the opposite end from the removable locking structure for mounting the attachment to the vehicle.