Abstract: A pawl mechanism of a ratchet wrench, including a wrench main body, a pawl, a ratchet wheel and a shift member. Four engaging recesses are formed on a bottom of a first recess of the wrench main body. A first engaging channel and a second engaging channel are respectively formed on two sides of the pawl corresponding to two of the four engaging recesses of the wrench main body. A spring and a steel ball are disposed in each of the engaging channels, whereby the steel balls can be located in the corresponding engaging recesses of the wrench main body.

Abstract: The invention relates to a tool holder for cranes. The tool holder comprises hydraulic cylinder means arranged to detachably be able to lock a tool to the tool holder. Furthermore, hydraulic coupling means is comprised and arranged to be connected with hydraulic coupling means on the tool and hydraulic line means. The object of the invention is, among other things, to reduce the number of requisite lines in the hydraulic line means. According to the invention, the tool holder comprises furthermore valve means provided with switching means arranged to connect the hydraulic line means either to the hydraulic cylinder means or to the hydraulic coupling means of the tool holder. Thereby, the same hydraulic line means may be used for the locking i 5 function and the tool. The invention also relates to a crane provided with such a tool holder as well as use of the tool holder.

Abstract: A torque wrench includes a driving shank received in a handle and having an intermediate portion pivotally attached to the handle with a pivot axle, and having two projections, a follower is slidably received in the handle and biased to engage with the driving shank by a spring biasing member, and two guiding members are fitted and retained between the driving shank and the handle and each includes a groove for slidably receiving the projections of the driving shank, and thus to stably guide the inner end of the driving shank to rotate and to move within the handle and to prevent the driving shank from being tilted or swung or vibrated relative to the handle. The grooves of the guiding members include a center of curvature located at the pivot axle of the driving shank and the handle.

Abstract: A composite wrench kit includes a handgrip 10 coupling with a mating sliding cap 15 to hold a hex wrench (a) for turning and fastening. The handgrip further is coupled with a coupling ring 20 which has a wedge flute 21 on the periphery to engage with a first wrench housing 30. The periphery of the first wrench housing 30 may be coupled with a second wrench housing 40 and a hanging hook 50. One or two sets of hex wrenches of British system and metric system and varying sizes may be held in the kit for use. The first and second wrench housing and the hanging hook may also be coupled to become one set for sales. The kit may be configured in various combinations and hung on user's waist belt to facilitate carrying and use.

Abstract: The present invention specifies a device for through-cutting of an extruded ice mass which is extruded out of a nozzle, comprising cutting means which immediately after the nozzle cuts up the extruded ice mass into product pieces which fall down on a receiving device for further processing, the cutting means comprises a first knife which is reciprocably arranged in a transverse first plane immediately after the outlet of the nozzle and arranged with a first length of stroke and a second knife which is reciprocably arranged in a plane which is parallel to the first plane and which is arranged immediately below the first knife with respect to the flow direction out of the nozzle, the second knife is arranged with a second stroke length which is smaller than the first stroke length, and means for simultaneous reciprocation of the first and the second knife.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method and system for providing workpiece positioning for power tools, such as miter saws. The apparatus includes an adjustable positioning device such as a threaded rod. A retention member is connected to the adjustable positioning device. The retention member is capable of pivotally obtaining an extended orientation and a retracted orientation to alternatively contact a workpiece disposed on the power tool deck and to retract into an unobtrusive storage orientation. The apparatus of the present invention allows for proper positioning while permitting ease of use and storage.

Abstract: A table saw includes a worktable mounted on a first and second workstation. The worktable includes two blade access assemblies for operationally enabling saw blades to extend through the worktable and operate upon a work piece. Each workstation includes a housing disposed with a saw assembly comprising a motor coupled with a saw blade which extends through the blade access assemblies. The table saw allows for the performance of two separate cutting operations upon a work piece, which is engaged with the worktable, by the saw blades.

Abstract: A cutting board apparatus comprises opposing surfaces, including a cutting surface and a serving surface. The apparatus further comprises at least one handle adapted to support the cutting board apparatus on a flat surface (when the cutting surface is in use) and to serve as a gripping member (when the serving surface is in use). In select embodiments, the at least one handle includes a first portion extending away from the cutting board apparatus and a second portion transverse to the first portion, such that an open space is defined between the second portion and a plane of the serving surface.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a power tool including a working element for performing a task. A light source is arranged to project a beam of light adjacent the working element. A detector, such as an electro-optic type detector, is communicatively coupled to the power tool such that the detector is capable of detecting the presence of a human body part in the beam of light. If a body part is detected, the detector may communicate to stop operation of the working element.

Abstract: A power tool control system includes a first and a second laser source which emit a first and second laser beam to provide information (readings) on the settings of a power tool to which the laser sources are attached. The first and second laser sources are communicatively coupled with a graphical user interface which enables user control over and display of the information gathered from the first and second laser sources. In operation with a power tool, the graphical user interface of the power tool control system provides a user with selectable control over the power tool through the computation and display of multiple power tool settings.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an apparatus for maintaining contact between a portion of a workpiece between a kerf intrusion device and an alignment fence. In an aspect of the present invention, a table saw is configured with a support having a support surface for accepting a saw blade extended through an aperture in the support to cut a workpiece. An alignment fence is adjustably coupled to the saw to allow for workpiece positioning with respect to the saw blade. A kerf intrusion device such as a back splitter is coupled to an arbor for rotating the saw blade. An side pressure splitter is further included on the intrusion device such that a portion of a workpiece disposed between the intrusion device and the alignment fence is directed into contact with the alignment fence.

Abstract: A shaping apparatus for cutting, joining, or otherwise affecting a workpiece. The apparatus includes a template having a surface defining a path, a shaper, and a compressing member holding a portion of the shaper substantially against the template. The shaper is in communication with a motive force capable of driving the shaper along at least a portion of the path. The shaper becomes activated to affect the workpiece without direct contact of the shaper with the workpiece.

Abstract: The invention relates to a rotary die cutter. The inventive die cutter includes a bench, a belt which is disposed on the aforementioned bench and which operates by friction at the rear of the pulley of a polyurethane cylinder, a cogged belt which extends from the motor, a variable-speed motor which is disposed on the electrical axis with the die-holder cylinder, an auxiliary motor and a shaft which are used to actuate screws used to lift the polyurethane cylinder, and a reduction gear box having a screw for lifting the aforementioned polyurethane cylinder.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a blade guard assembly capable of allowing increased capacity for saws, such as radial arm saw, miter saws, and the like. The assembly includes a U-shaped guard and a pivot pin for allowing the guard to obtain a plurality of positions including a guarding orientation and a cutting orientation. The guard may pivot so as to allow a larger dimension workpiece to be cut without exposing the saw blade unnecessarily. Additionally, a biasing device may be included for generally forcing the guard into a guarding orientation.

Abstract: An alignment apparatus includes first and second wedging members, each having individually corresponding inclined surfaces, and further includes first and second rail sections, each having a surface defining at least one aperture configured for receiving a fastener. The first and second wedging members are positionable so that at least a portion of each wedging member is within both the first rail section and the second rail section. The first and second wedging members are further positionable so that their corresponding inclined surfaces are forcibly engaged via fasteners introduced through each aperture, the first and second wedging members further engaging with at least a portion of the first and second rail sections so as to connect the rail sections.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an apparatus for providing maximized cutting capacity for the diameter of blade selected. A saw, in accordance with an aspect of the present invention, includes a base, a workpiece positioning fence coupled substantially perpendicular to the base for position against a side of the fence includes a cutting assembly is pivotally mounted to the saw to achieve a full-cut position. Preferably, a motor included in the cutting assembly is orientated generally perpendicularly to the arbor for rotating the circular saw blade. When disposed in a full-cut position an included circular saw blade's periphery is disposed substantially equal to the intersection of the base support surface and workpiece positioning side of the workpiece positioning fence.

Abstract: A trunnion system for a table saw assembly. In an exemplary embodiment, the trunnion system includes a first mounting bracket and a second mounting bracket for mounting the trunnion system to a frame of the table saw assembly. Further, a first trunnion and a second trunnion for allowing a saw blade disposed within the table saw assembly to rotate to different bevel angles is included. The first trunnion being operationally coupled to the first mounting bracket and the second trunnion being operationally coupled to the second mounting bracket. The mounting of the first and second mounting brackets to the frame of the table saw assembly allows the trunnion system to rest upon the frame of the table saw assembly.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an optical alignment system for table saws. In an aspect of the invention, an optical alignment system includes a support for positioning the system so that a first optical indicator and a second optical indicator are projected by at least one emitting device included in the system. An alignment device is further included in the system to permit adjustable alignment of the first and the second optical indicators individually with respect to one of a first side and a second side of a kerf created in a workpiece.

Abstract: A gear and shaft assembly that translates the bevel of a power tool to an indicator more easily readable by an operator provides a front bevel indicator and locking mechanism. A locking mechanism is conveniently placed within reach of the operator and directly controls the motion of the gear assembly. The front bevel indicator may provide a higher resolution of the tilt angle by selection of the various gear ratios of the gears that translate the bevel position of the power tool mounted in the rear to the front of the mount of the power tool.

Abstract: A workpiece stop system for utilization in power tools such as a miter saw. The miter saw includes a support surface for supporting a workpiece to be cut. A positioning fence is coupled to the support surface for positioning the workpiece. The workpiece stop system is integrated with the support surface to permit efficient workpiece position and storage when the stop system is not being utilized. An adjustable positioning member is configured to slide within a slot formed in the support system. The adjustable positioning member includes a tab portion which is capable of being orientated in an engaging orientation in which the tab extends beyond the support surface or the adjustable positioning member may be inverted into a stowed orientation so as not to interfere with operation of the power tool when workpiece positioning is not required.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a multipurpose cutting apparatus having a straight cutter and a multipurpose cutter disposed at either side of the cutting table, the cutting table is provided with two pairs of lateral slide grooves in each of received an adjusting assembly. In addition to straight cutting line, the present invention is also able to make different cutting lines by using the multipurpose cutter. The adjusting assembly is disposed at either end of the rail of the multipurpose cutter. Thereby, not only the multipurpose cutter can be adjusted flexibly, but also the multipurpose cutter can be selectively used according to needs.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for cutting fruit and vegetables, in particular onions, having a cutter member (3) that has a plurality of blades (2) and having a counterpart element (4) against which the cutter member (3) is pressed for cutting the material to be cut, wherein the counterpart element (4) has a punch (5) which presses the material to be cut through the cutter member (3), or the blades (2) thereof. For receiving the cut material, a container (6) is releasably disposed on the cutter member (3), on its side remote from the counterpart element (4), in the region of the blades (2).

Abstract: A rotatable anvil for a rotary cutting unit, including an axle, at least one anvil portion adapted to co-operate with a knife member of a rotary cutter, a pair of load transmitting portions adapted to abut a pair of abutment members of the rotary cutter, the pair of load transmitting portions being arranged on each side of the anvil portion, and deflection means provided underneath at least one of the anvil portion and the load transmitting portions. The invention also relates to a rotary cutting unit including a rotary cutting drum and a rotatable anvil.

Abstract: A blade clamp assembly for retaining a rotary blade on the arbor of a rotary tool comprises a blade washer for engaging the blade to hold the blade on the arbor and a clamp assembly threaded into the arbor to clamp the blade washer against the blade. The clamp assembly includes a planetary gear system for transmitting torque applied to the clamp assembly to the blade washer, wherein the planetary gear system multiplies the torque transmitted to the blade washer so that the torque transmitted to the blade washer is greater than the torque applied to the clamp assembly.

Abstract: A plurality of novel depth of cut scales are eccentrically inscribed on faces of circular cutting blades. The depth of cut marks on the scales are line segments that are easily lined up with the sole of a hand held circular saw, with the table of a table saw, or with the workpiece surface of a radial arm saw or a sliding miter saw. The accuracy of setting the depth of cut is greatly improved by the novel construct of the scales, which provides depth of cut index marks that are separated from each other by a distance larger than the difference between the indicated depths. The circular cutting blades with the novel depth of cut scales can be used in any cutting tool utilizing circular cutting blades without any modifications and without any additional external tools or instruments. The scales provided by present invention resolve to as small a distance as 1/32 of an inch on English units scales or to 0.5 mm on SI units scales.

Abstract: This is a diamond scriber in which the apex region of a triangular pyramid, which is a toe and/or heel of a diamond particle, is formed to a knife-edge shape that follows a ridge line connecting the toe and heel. In this way, an edge of the diamond scriber is formed to a knife-edge shape, and so it is possible to limit the spread of the slot width in the wafer, and it is possible to maintain a good quality scribe line for a longer period. Further, it is possible to prolong the lifetime of the diamond scriber.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for providing minimum note velocity compensation within a player piano, or other instrument, without compromising upper volume range note velocity consistency. The minimum note velocity which needs to be applied to each of the keys in order to generate an audible response, or a response discernable either acoustically, optically, or mechanically, is determined. The minimum note velocity information is stored within the driver circuit, such as in a separate table or as part of an expression table. The received note velocity value has fewer velocity states in its range of input values than are available for output by the driver circuit, wherein minimum note velocity compensation can be performed without detracting from upper end note velocity consistency. The compensation provides improved upper end velocity performance while providing the ability to accurately playback a MIDI stream that is not processed by the control box.

Abstract: The musical instrument strings and a method of instruction comprise a set of strings, each string having colored markings along its length, each mark indicating a note sounded when the string is played at the mark. Additional notes are similarly marked along each string, each of the musical notes having a unique color. Additional markings along the neck of the instrument and at open string positions correspond to the colored markings of the strings. Music notation having colored notes corresponding to the colored markings of the string facilitates a student in learning to play a musical instrument by matching the colored notes to the colored markings on the strings.

Abstract: A stringed instrument and a method of forming the stringed instrument are provided. The instrument includes a head assembly having individually and continuously adjustable nuts for varying the height each string. The head assembly also provides simple and reliable tensioning of the strings. The method of forming the instrument includes in-molded frets to ensure their planarity and alignment.

Abstract: A new and improved instrument bow for use with a stringed instrument is provided. A unique new instrument bow is provided that may be constructed with a braided material and/or composite to form the instrument bow. Additionally, the new instrument bow using a braided composite to form a single piece construction instrument bow for use in conjunction with a stringed instrument. The instrument bow may be a combination of a synthetic material covered with a braided material in a single piece construction that will provide the instrument bow with increased resilient and strength without the necessity for reinforcement and/or repair.

Abstract: A folding stand for a musical instrument includes a cone-like seat having a tapered top. Multiple first slots are radially defined through the seat. A chamber is defined at a bottom side and communicates with the first slots. Multiple grooves are radially defined at the bottom side and alternately between the first slots and communicate with the chamber. A joint is rotatably mounted in the chamber. Multiple second slots are radially defined through the joint and respectively aligned with the first slots in a folded status and aligned with the grooves when the joint is turned in an unfolded status. Multiple legs are respectively and pivotally mounted in the second slots and received in the first slots in the folded status. Whereby, the legs can be folded into the seat, so the stand can be received in a bell-like portion of a musical instrument for convenient transportation.

Abstract: A metronome for an optical and acoustic display of tempo, phase and the division of the phases of musical pieces or movement rhythms includes a housing with a display for the optical display of a movement which describes a curve similar to a parabola and a device for controlling the display, so that the optical movement oscillates with an adjustable frequency. There is preferably a selective electrical generation of tones for acoustically marking the inflection points of the movement and for the selective further acoustic division of the time intervals between the inflection points of the movement. The display may include a row of discrete light sources arranged along a curve similar to a parabola. The light sources may be controlled to generate a moving light which oscillates back and forth along the row of light sources with adjustable frequency.

Abstract: The present invention is a training system comprising a user terminal for executing training for user skill acquisition by using music data of an original work; a trainer terminal for generating training information for user skill acquisition; and a server for carrying out communications with the user terminal and the trainer terminal via a network, wherein the trainer terminal generates training information related to music data of an original work based on instructions from a trainer, and sends it to the server, the server distributes the received training information to the user terminal, and the user terminal repeatedly plays back the original work music data based on the distributed training information.

Abstract: Both the beat and genre of music are used to select or generate a dance robot object for display of a robot icon on a computer monitor or for establishing the movements of a three-dimensional robot. The detected genre can define the type of dance performed by the robot. Also, the detected genre can be used to sort music. The genre can be detected using a neural network or by correlating the compressibility of the music to a genre.

Abstract: A method of simultaneously playing more than 16 channels in a musical instrument digital interface (MIDI) file includes creating a first number of first channels, creating a second number of second channels, wherein each of the second channels is assigned to exactly one of the first channels, and simultaneously playing the second channels when the corresponding first channels are played.

Abstract: Disclosed is a stringed instrument with embedded DSP modeling capabilities to model an acoustic stringed instrument. The stringed instrument has a body and a plurality of strings and each of the plurality of strings is respectively coupled to a pickup to detect a vibration signal for each string. An A/D converter converts the detected vibration signal of a string into a digital string vibration signal. A DSP is located within the body of the stringed instrument to process the digital string vibration signal and to implement an acoustic modeling system to process the digital string vibration signal in order to emulate a corresponding string tone of one of a plurality of selectable acoustic stringed instruments. Acoustic modeling includes acoustic string and body modeling, microphone placement modeling, and pick-sound modeling. The emulated acoustic digital tone signal is then converted to analog form for output to an amplification device.

Abstract: A system electronically detects and registers contact, especially in contact sport embodiments. An example contacting instrument includes a switch, a tone generator and a conductive mesh. An example detecting instrument includes a conductive mesh and a tone decoder. In a contact sport embodiment, each combatant possesses, for example, as part of the combatant's respective uniform, one or more contacting instruments and one or more detecting instruments embedded in prescribed contact zones. The basic goal of a combatant is to strike a contact zone of their opponent with one of their contacting instruments. The detecting instrument will recognize the tone, thereby recognizing a hit.

Abstract: A camblock assembly with a camblock and a guide rod is employed in a firearm having a frame constructed of synthetic polymer material. The camblock has a front flange with flange surfaces that engage corresponding bearing surfaces of the frame to distribute forces and energy to the frame during recoil of the firearm. A shelf member is positioned at a front end of the camblock and a coiled flat wire buffer spring is positioned about the guide rod to resist movement of a reciprocating slide. A detent mechanism positioned within the camblock contacts a surface of a slide stop pin to hold the slide stop latch in place. The interior of the slide stop latch contains an elongated wire having an end that engages the frame such that the slide stop latch is biased in a down position.

Abstract: A camblock assembly with a camblock and a guide rod is employed in a firearm having a frame constructed of synthetic polymer material. The camblock has a front flange with flange surfaces that engage corresponding bearing surfaces of the frame to distribute forces and energy to the frame during recoil of the firearm. A shelf member is positioned at a front end of the camblock and a coiled flat wire buffer spring is positioned about the guide rod to resist movement of a reciprocating slide. A detent mechanism positioned within the camblock contacts a surface of a slide stop pin to hold the slide stop latch in place. The interior of the slide stop latch contains an elongated wire having an end that engages the frame such that the slide stop latch is biased in a down position.

Abstract: A camblock assembly with a camblock and a guide rod is employed in a firearm having a frame constructed of synthetic polymer material. The camblock has a front flange with flange surfaces that engage corresponding bearing surfaces of the frame to distribute forces and energy to the frame during recoil of the firearm. A shelf member is positioned at a front end of the camblock and a coiled flat wire buffer spring is positioned about the guide rod to resist movement of a reciprocating slide. A detent mechanism positioned within the camblock contacts a surface of a slide stop pin to hold the slide stop latch in place. The interior of the slide stop latch contains an elongated wire having an end that engages the frame such that the slide stop latch is biased in a down position.

Abstract: A piston has a piston body made of a material selected from any one of aluminum, an aluminum alloy, magnesium, and a magnesium alloy. An entire surface or a predetermined portion of the surface of the piston body is covered with a plasma oxide film.

Abstract: A trap device including at least one substance delivery element for introducing a substance therein is disclosed. The delivered substance may influence the nature of deposits that have formed within the trap device, may influence the formation of deposits within the trap device, or may cause a precipitate to form. Deposit interaction elements may be employed to influence the distribution or redistribution of deposits within the trap device. Deposit interaction elements may effect thermal conditions, introduce substances, or physically interact with deposits within the trap device. Further, a storage region within the trap device may be used to accumulate deposits. In one embodiment, a substantially continuous path through the trap device may be maintained or preserved so that deposits form within the trap device except substantially along the path. The present invention also encompasses a method of operation of a trap device as well as a system incorporating same.

Abstract: A device used for humidifying the flow of a gas which is to be humidified, e.g., fed to a fuel cell system. A moist gas, e.g. a moist waste gas from said fuel cell system is used for said humidification, whereby said gas flows together with the gas flow in a humidifying device. The two gas flows are separated from each other by a membrane in the humidifying device. The membrane is exclusively permeable for water vapour. According to the invention, at least one bypass line is provides. At least one of the gas flows can be partially guided via said bypass line around the region of the membrane in the humidifying device. The saturation point can thus be freely adjusted in an advantageous manner in the gas which is to be humidified.

Abstract: A method for the treatment of gaseous chemical waste is provided. The water is continuously circulated through an essentially closed loop that incorporates a gas scrubbing unit and an ion absorption unit. The ion absorption unit comprises a water permeable ion absorbing means. The exhaust gas or a reaction product thereof is then fed to the gas scrubbing unit for dissolution in the circulating water thereby to form an aqueous solution containing ionic species derived from the exhaust gas. The circulating water is continuously brought into contact with the ion absorbing means in the ion absorption unit whilst an electrical potential is applied across the thickness of the ion absorbing means. A more concentrated aqueous solution of the ionic species is then removed from the ion absorbing means. A quantity of water corresponding to the quantity of aqueous solution of the ionic species removed from the ion absorption unit is continuously added to the closed loop.

Abstract: The invention relates to equipment for use in the removal of relatively fine particulates from a first substance, using a second substance.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composite material, a method for controlling the thermal effects generated in a physicochemical process using said material, and applications of the material and the method. The composite material comprises an active solid and a phase change material. The phase change material takes the form of micronodules having an average size of between 1 micron and 5 millimeters and it is selected from materials with a liquid/solid phase change temperature of between ?150° C. and 900° C. The active solid is selected from solids that can be used in a method involving reversible physicochemical processes that are exothermic in one direction and endothermic in the opposite direction.

Abstract: A filter arrangement includes a filter element, a frame construction secured to the filter element, and a handle member secured to the filter element. In preferred embodiments, the handle member is secured to the frame construction. Preferably, the filter element includes a central core member, wherein fluted filter media is coiled around the central core member. Preferably, the central core member includes a plurality of corrugations, wherein the corrugations mateably engage at least some flutes. Preferably, the handle member is integral with the central core member, and also includes a fastening member for connection to a frame construction on the filter element. Methods for cleaning air and servicing an air cleaner preferably include constructions as described herein.

Abstract: A filter element formed from at least one flat layer of permeable filter medium alternating with at least one pleated layer in such a way that the resulting channels have an open, especially triangular, cross section, a first group of channels being tightly sealed at one end and a second group of channels being tightly sealed at the other end such that a fluid to be filtered flowing through the filter element from an incident flow side formed by one end face to a discharge side formed by the opposite end face, must pass through one of the layers, a seal for sealing the incident flow side from the discharge side of the filter element at an installation site, and each side of each channel of the first group which is spaced from the periphery of the filter element is bordered by a channel of the second group such that fluid can flow through the full area of the channels except for fold edges, and at least one group of channels is filled with adsorbent particles and closed by a gas-permeable fabric disposed over

Abstract: A wet type air cleaner includes a water tank for storing cleaning water which is installed at a bottom of a housing. The water tank has a partition plate with a central hole dividing the inner side thereof into an upper portion and a lower portion, which communicate with each other through the central hole. The air cleaner further includes a blower unit for dispersing the cleaning water and allowing air to be introduced through the air suction port into the housing and to pass through the dispersed cleaning water and a pumping unit for supplying the cleaning water stored in the lower portion of the water tank to the blower unit to be dispersed thereby.

Abstract: A wet type air cleaner includes a housing storing cleaning water in a bottom portion thereof, a blower unit for dispersing the cleaning water and allowing air to be introduced through the air suction port into the housing and to pass through the dispersed cleaning water, a guide block for guiding the air introduced through the air suction port toward the cleaning water stored in the bottom portion of the housing, and a pumping unit for supplying the cleaning water stored in the bottom portion of the housing to the blower unit to be dispersed thereby. The air cleaner further includes a first purification unit and a second purification unit. The blower unit and the first and the second purification unit are fixed on a same rotation shaft and rotated therewith.