Abstract: A bit error rate or other performance characteristic of a communication link is monitored using a state machine. The state machine includes at least three states — for example, a NO ALARM state, an ALARM DETECTION state, and an ALARM state. A sliding window is used to determine when to transition from the ALARM DETECTION state to the NO ALARM state or the ALARM state. A sliding window is also used to determine when to transition from an ALARM state to a NO ALARM state. A respective sum is calculated as a function of the sliding window for use in making such determinations.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for routing workpieces based upon detecting a fault. The method comprises routing a workpiece to a first processing tool identified by a dispatch system, detecting a fault condition associated with the first processing tool and notifying the dispatch system of the detected fault condition. The method further comprises routing a second workpiece to a second processing tool in response to the dispatch system being notified of the fault condition.

Abstract: The preferred embodiments described herein provide various data allocation and error recovery methods that allow data to be written to a write-once memory array using a write-many file system. Other preferred embodiments described herein relate to methods for generating a set of valid file system structures. The various preferred embodiments can be used alone or in combination with one another.

Abstract: A method and mechanism for testing communication links. A transmitter contact, or transmission point, is assigned a unique identifier. During a given test, the transmitter conveys a test pattern to a receiver via a link. Following this test pattern, the transmitter transmits a bit of its unique identifier to the receiver. The receiver receives both the test pattern and the identifier bit, and determines whether the received test pattern matches an expected value. If the test pattern was correctly received by the receiver, the receiver transmits the received identifier bit back to the transmitter. However, if the received test pattern is not correct, the receiver complements the received identifier bit and transmits the complemented bit back to the transmitter. The transmitter receives the identifier bit from the receiver and determines whether it matches the identifier bit which was originally transmitted by the transmitter.

Abstract: According to an embodiment of the present invention, a method is provided for determining a fail string for a device. The method includes determining a test pattern for a portion of an address space wherein the test pattern includes at least one address in the address space and the portion of the address space includes at least one x address and at least one y addresses. The method executes a test a plurality of times for each test pattern, wherein every combination of the test pattern is tested, wherein the combinations include each address held at a first potential for at least a first test and a second potential for at least a second test. The method includes determining a fail string for the device including pass/fail results for the test pattern, and combining the pass/fail results in the fail string.

Abstract: A semiconductor integrated device provided with a non-scan block being supplied with an input signal and supplying an output signal, and a selector, into which the input signal and the output signal of the non-scan block are input and which selects one of these signals as an externally output signal and outputs it. The selector is controlled such that it selects the input signal of the non-scan block when a scan test is performed and selects the output signal of the non-scan block when a scan test is not performed. Thus, during the scan test it is possible to control the input signal and observe the output signal of the scan block.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing power dissipation during a scan operation during testing of digital logic circuits which provides for scanning data while switching a limited number of nodes during scan-in and scan-out of input and result chains, and which isolates the logic circuit from random stimulation by scan chains as they are scanned. A scan chain includes a plurality of level sensitive scan design LSSD scan latches, each comprising a master latch M and a slave latch S. The master latch has a first input port D used for operation in a functional mode, and a second input port S used for operation in a scan mode, a scan enable input port, and a clock input port. The master latch M produces output scan data Sout which is directed to a slave latch S which produces a data output Q for the logic circuit under test.

Abstract: An emulator for emulating operations of data processing circuitry normally connected to and cooperable with a peripheral circuit includes serial scanning circuitry connectable to the peripheral circuit. The serial scanning circuitry provides to and receives from the peripheral circuit signals which would normally be provided and received by the data processing circuitry. The serial scanning circuitry is connectable to an emulation controller for transferring serial data between the emulation controller and the emulator. The serial scanning circuitry includes a first state machine having plural states controlling the transfer of serial data. The emulator further includes control circuitry connected to the serial scanning circuitry and connectable to the emulation controller.

Abstract: A Scan-BIST architecture is adapted into a low power Scan-BIST architecture. A generator 102, compactor 106, and controller 110 remain the same as in the known art. The changes between the known art Scan-BIST architecture and the low power Scan-BIST architecture involve modification of the known scan path into scan path 502, to insert scan paths A 506, B 508 and C 510, and the insertion of an adaptor circuit 504 in the control path 114 between controller 110 and scan path 502.

Abstract: A central communication apparatus that minimizes a retransmission of messages when an error message is received during a communication handshaking procedure. A receiver receives messages from a remote communication terminal during the communication handshaking procedure to detect whether an error message exists. If a predetermined number of error messages are detected by the receiver, a communication terminating section terminates a communication session.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are disclosed for communicating time and latency sensitive information in a system, such as, but not limited to a computer or communications system. A first block of data is identified and transmitted. A check code is partially determined based on this first data. While the first data is being transmitted, the time-sensitive data (e.g., flow control, other control information, etc.) is identified. This identified time-sensitive data is then contiguously transmitted after the first data. The determination of the check code is completed based on the time-sensitive data, and the check code is contiguously transmitted after the time-sensitive data. One implementation receives the first data, the time-sensitive data, and the check code. If error correction is being used and is needed, the time-sensitive data is first corrected based on the check code, and then subsequently, the first data is corrected. In this manner, the latency of the availability of this time-sensitive data may be reduced.

Abstract: When a DRAM enters an operation mode in which only a data storing operation is performed, a check bit for error detection and correction for plural data is generated and stored. Refresh operation is performed in a refresh cycle which is made long within an allowable range of an error occurrence by an error correcting operation using the check bit. Before the DRAM returns to the normal operation mode from the data holding operation mode, an error bit is corrected by using the data and the check bit.

Abstract: A turbo encoder includes a memory for temporarily storing an incoming data sequence and an interleaved address generator (IAG) designed to generate a sequence of addresses corresponding to the interleaved data sequence. The IAG performs calculations based on the length of the incoming data sequence and is able to generate a first interleaved address by (or before) the time the incoming data sequence has completely shifted into the memory. As a result, the encoder begins to output encoded data substantially as soon as the corresponding incoming data have been received, thus substantially reducing the processing delay. In addition, each interleaved address can be generated on the fly as needed during data output. As a result, the entire set of interleaved addresses does not need to be stored, thus reducing the memory requirements for the encoder.

Abstract: A method for processing error codes in compressed encoded images transmission is disclosed. In this method, when error codes have been detected at the receiving end, the image code stream data with error codes is discarded before decoding the image code stream data, and the discarded image code stream data is replaced with the image code stream data located at the corresponding location of the previous frame, and image code stream data is decoded continually. More preferably, the method further comprises: setting a mark array for the image code stream data before decoding at the receiving end to record the locations where error codes have been detected. With this method, sending intra-frame images at transmitting end and freezing images at receiving end are avoided or their occurrence times is reduced, so image quality is thus improved.

Abstract: A Comma-Free Reed-Solomon decoding circuit based on systolic array architecture that applies to a cell search in a wideband code division multiple access system, and more particularly a decoding circuit that employs a systolic array in its circuit structure. The systolic array for the decoding circuit comprises an input pattern generator, a processing element array designed in the form of a systolic array and a boundary processing element array. Given the skewed-form output results required by the systolic array and generated by the input pattern generator, the processing element array makes a correlating comparison, and outputs the results of the correlating comparison to the boundary processing element, so as to acquire the decoding results required by the Comma-Free Reed-Solomon code. The results indicate the frame boundary and scrambling code groups of the cell search in a wideband code division multiple access system.

Abstract: A memory device that uses error correction code (ECC) circuitry to improve the reliability of the memory device in view of single-bit errors caused by hard failure or soft error. A write buffer is used to post write data, so that ECC generation and memory write array operation can be carried out in parallel. As a result there is no penalty in write latency or memory cycle time due to ECC generation. A write-back buffer is used to post corrected ECC words during read operations, so that write-back of corrected ECC words does not need to take place during the same cycle that data is read. Instead, write-back operations are performed during idle cycles when no external memory access is requested, such that the write back operation does not impose a penalty on memory cycle time or affect memory access latency.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for detecting and correcting bit errors in data structures. A data block and/or data structure is partitioned into adjacent bit pair domains, such that a single adjacent bit pair from each memory device is assigned to a given adjacent bit pair domain. The adjacent bit pair domain data is transmitted over a bus having a plurality of data paths, such that data bits associated with a given memory device are transmitted over a same data path.

Abstract: A stream of recursive systematic convolutional codes Pn is generated by XORing each bit of an input bit stream In with a predetermined bit of the content of a cyclic shift element (22). The content of the shift element (22) is updated by adder (24) under the control of the input bit stream In.

Abstract: A Reed-Solomon decoder includes an inversionless Berlekamp-Massey algorithm (iBMA) circuit with a pipelined feedback loop. An error locator polynomial generator generates error locator polynomial values. A scratch polynomial generator generates scratch polynomial values. A discrepancy generator generates discrepancy values based on the error locator polynomial values and the scratch polynomial values. Multipliers used to generate the discrepancy values are also used to generate the error locator polynomial to reduce circuit area. A first delay circuit delays the discrepancy values. A feedback loop feeds back the delayed discrepancy values to the error locator polynomial generator and the scratch polynomial generator. An error location finder circuit communicates with the iBMA circuit and identifies error locations. An error value computation circuit communicates with at least one of the error location finder circuit and the iBMA circuit and generates error values.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for reducing power consumption of a decoder in a communication system are disclosed. In a communication system communicating a packet, the packet can be arranged among slots of a communication channel so that each slot following the first slot contains redundant bits of the packet with respect to the first slot. A receiving station estimates quality metric of a received slot, determines a quality metric threshold, and delimits an interval in accordance with the modified quality metric threshold. If the estimated quality metric is outside of the interval, the segment is decoded.

Abstract: A method for channel coding in a digital telecommunication system, the method having error protection coding and interleaving, a coherent puncturing and interleaving rule determined in a common calculation step being applied for puncturing of a predetermined error protection coding master code and the interleaving, the rule having been determined under the criterion of optimizing the distance properties after interleaving.

Abstract: A decoder that receives, as input, probability information AMP/CR×yt. This probability information is obtained by dividing a channel value obtained by multiplication of received value yt and a predetermined coefficient AMP by the first additive coefficient CR for regulating the amplitude of the received value yt and the probability information 1/CA×APPt obtained by multiplying the a priori probability information APPt by the reciprocal of the second additive coefficient CA for regulating the amplitude of the a priori probability information APPt to a soft-output decoding circuit. The soft-output decoding circuit, which may be a large scale intergrated circuit, generates log soft-output CI×I?t and/or external information 1/CA×EXt using additive coefficients for regulating the amplitude of arithmetic operations in the inside of the soft-output decoding circuit.

Abstract: Video recordings of meetings and scanned paper documents are natural digital documents that come out of a meeting. These can be placed on the Internet for easy access, with links generated between them by matching scanned documents to a segment of the video referencing the scanned document. Furthermore, annotations made on the paper documents during the meeting can be extracted and used as indexes to the video. An orthonormal transform, such as a Digital Cosine Transform (DCT) is used to compare scanned documents to video frames.

Abstract: A coded presentation comprises a number of sub-presentations, each comprising a number of presentation elements. A presentation element is an elementary part that is to be presented and comprises text, audio, video or an image. A sub-presentation has an interface that provides a reference for the presentation elements in that sub-presentation. This reference can relate to timing aspects and to locations aspects relevant during play out, and to a priority as to whether or not the sub-presentation is to be played out.

Abstract: User-customizable forms in an electronic mail system enable an administrator to select customized field types and customized behaviors. The electronic mail system provides for the receiving and displaying of mail information in conjunction with the use of a user-customizable form. An administrator creates a customized field of a customized form by selecting a field type from a among multiple defined field types and a behavior from among multiple behaviors. When data is entered by a user to the customized field having the selected field type, the selected behavior is applied to the data. In this manner, the administrator has the flexibility of creating a variety of customized forms in the electronic mail system, and is not limited to a relatively small number of predefined forms.

Abstract: A scalable computing system for managing annotations is capable of handling requests for annotations to millions of documents a day. The computing system consists of multiple tiers of servers. A tier I server indicates whether there are annotations associated with a content source. A tier II server indexes the annotations. A tier III server stores the body of the annotation.

Abstract: Multiple different versions of the same multimedia content are available to a multimedia server. An annotation server maintains annotations corresponding to the multimedia content, each such annotation corresponding to each of the different versions of the multimedia content.

Abstract: A View Template allows a template author to create an attractive HTML view template, and flow an arbitrary HTML content document into a series of containers defined in the view template. A content document author creates a standard HTML markup language document that can be displayed in a browser in the bottom-less page model. A view template author designs an HTML view template document that changes how that content document is displayed in the browser or printed. The HTML content document is “flowed” into areas defined by the HTML view template document. The HTML view template document describes where to flow the HTML content document onto the display or printer. There is an object model (OM) that supports the series of containers holding the content document. Each container in the series has a layout that defines the size, location, and ordering for the content document to flow through while in that container. The order of containers that the content document flows through is kept in a view chain.

Abstract: A method of assisting a user with the task of categorizing a received electronic document into a collection includes the steps of classifying the document to obtain one or more most likely categorical labels; displaying, to the user, a representation of the one or more most likely categorical labels; receiving data, from the user, representative of a selected categorical label; and labeling the document within the collection with the selected categorical label. The electronic document can include an electronic mail message, a web page bookmark, an audio file or a video file.

Abstract: Provided are a method, system and program for translating a source character string in a first character encoding into a target character string in a second character encoding. A plurality of specifications are maintained. Each specification has one of a plurality of scopes identifying at least one code page providing a mapping for source character strings in the first character encoding. The scopes specify different portions of the program to which the code page identified by the specification applies. The source character string for which translation is requested in the program is processed and a determination is made of one specification having one scope that is applicable to the processed source character string. The code page identified by the determined specification is used to translate the processed source character string in the first character encoding into the target character string in the second character encoding.

Abstract: A method and system for providing help information for a computer program. The help system provides help information based on a schema that specifies the structure of a valid computer program. The schema provides definitions of program element types that are specific instances of a program element type derived from more general program element types. The help system identifies a “derivation” of program element types relating to the selected program element. The help system then displays the derivation to the user. The user can then select to display documentation associated with the displayed program element types.

Abstract: A method for displaying a reservation guide/confirmation screen in a tv includes the steps of: displaying a reservation guide screen if a user selects a reservation mode, setting the user's desired reservation state using a predetermined key on the reservation guide screen, and displaying a reservation confirmation screen if the user selects a reservation confirmation mode. In the reservation mode, day or date is displayed on a horizontal axis and a user's desired time zone is displayed on a vertical axis in a two-dimensional timetable. Therefore, the user can easily recognize a reservation guide/confirmation screen. Furthermore, since reservation can be set and confirmed on the screen of two-dimensional timetable type using a mouse or key, convenience can be provided to the user.

Abstract: A remotely controllable apparatus has a control panel for specifying a processing operation and is operated in accordance with an indication from the control panel and/or an externally supplied command. A storage device stores control-panel data that represents the appearance of at least principal components of the control panel. Remote control is performed using a virtual control panel, the appearance of which resembles that of the actual control panel, created by utilizing the control-panel data.

Abstract: A multi-layer graphical user interface provides multiple types of information in at least two layers of a common display space, such as a window. In one implementation, a shared network folder includes two layers of display objects to separately represent files contained in the folder and users with whom the folder is shared. The first or top layer may represent the files with conventional words, icons or other symbols. The second or lower level may represent the users with whom the folder is shared with words, icons or other symbols that are dimmed, blurred, or otherwise de-emphasized relative to the top layer.

Abstract: A portable electronic apparatus and method for receiving information from a transmitter and providing the information to a user are disclosed. A display provides visual information to the user, and the visual information includes an image and at least one active area. At least one touch button is associated with the active area. A frame grabber, responsive to data received from the transmitter divides the data into a plurality of frames. A memory stores the plurality of frames into a hierarchy level sequence of memory frames. Each memory frame is uniquely identifiable and includes information portions corresponding to images, active areas and links. A controller identifies which information is to be displayed.

Abstract: Data items contained in personal information are displayed in manner that is indicative of both the importance and the urgency of the data items. A first visual cue is assigned to the data item based on an importance of the data item. The first visual cue may cause more important items to be displayed with increased size and less important items to be displayed with decreased size. A second visual cue is assigned to the data item based on an urgency of the data item. The second visual cue may cause more urgent items to be displayed in a first color and less important items to be displayed in a second color. The data item is displayed using the first and second visual cue as to provide a visual indication as to both the importance and urgency of the data item.

Abstract: A system for controlling the display of pop-up windows in web browsers intercepts a request to display a pop-up window and instead may display a dialog box asking the user to indicate whether the user wishes to display the pop-up window. The dialog box may extract information from the pop-up window to give the user some indication of what the pop-up window is about. The user may then control whether the pop-up window is displayed or not.

Abstract: In a method for altering a protocol in a magnetic resonance apparatus a first parameter for the protocol and a second parameter for the protocol are displayed in a user interface display presentation. In this display presentation, a range of values for the first parameter is shown, including designation of a first sub-range within the range wherein selection of a value for the first parameter does not modify the second parameter, and designation of a second sub-range wherein selection of a value for the first parameter causes modification of the second parameter. If a value for the first parameter is selected in the second sub-range, the display presentation automatically shows how the value selected for the first parameter will modify the second parameter. The user is given an option, via the user interface to confirm selection of the value for the first parameter, or to reject it.

Abstract: Four windows A, B, C, and D are displayed on the display screen. Of the four windows displayed on the display screen, an active window which is currently being accessed is A, and other windows, i.e., windows B, C, and D, are inactive windows. The inactive windows are displayed at a lower luminance than the active window.

Abstract: A window manager proxy method, system, and product are described allowing a Java based desktop to provide window manager services on UNIX. A computer system executes a UNIX-based operating system and a desktop implemented in Java. The computer system does not include a separate window manager. Java applications are presented by the computer system utilizing a graphical user interface. Native UNIX applications are also presented by the computer system utilizing the same graphical user interface. Native UNIX applications interact with the window manager proxy in the same manner in which they would interact with a traditional window manager. The window manager proxy forwards frame window activity related to the desktop to the Java desktop, and is the native interface from the Java desktop to the native platform for frame window activities.

Abstract: The disclosed invention allows the user to move to an area to which the user desires to display in a page to which the user desires to move by a single manipulation and to allow next page/preceding page operation to be done only by a mouse operation. An area displayed on the main screen 50 is displayed on the sub-screen 51 of a reduced image of the page which is currently displayed on the main screen 50 with a rectangular view frame 60. Dragging the view frame 60 by a mouse within the page causes the display area in the main screen to move in real time. Dragging the view frame of the sub-screen 51 to a neighboring page causes the view frame 60 to be moved in the moved sub-screen. Dropping the view frame at the place on the neighboring sub-screen to which the view frame 60 moved causes the main screen to be switched to that page to display the place indicated by the view frame in the main screen.

Abstract: A high volume lens curing system is described. The high volume lens curing system is configured to cure multiple eyeglass lenses in a continuous manner. The lens curing system includes a computer-implemented method configured to collect prescription information, save prescription information, and generate one or more job tickets. One or more of the job tickets may be readable by a monitoring device.

Abstract: A device for managing image and audio files displays thumbnails, which are representative of the files, on a screen in different arrangements, depending on the selected layout and order. When the user enters input to indicates that he or she wishes to browse through the thumbnails, the thumbnails move across the screen in sequence, following a path through a focus outline in the center of the screen. The path followed by the thumbnails depends on the selected layout.

Abstract: The present invention provides an information input/output device for visually impaired users whereby the visually impaired users can easily obtain information for the operation and perform the operation without confusion. This device comprise a braille output unit having a plurality of projectable dotted portions and which enables output of a plurality of braille patterns by controlling the projection of the dotted portions, and a recognition means which recognizes that an operation concerning the braille patterns output by the braille output unit is input when the braille output unit is pushed within a predetermined period of time after the braille patterns are output by the braille output unit. When the user inputs an operation concerning the braille patterns, the user pushes the braille unit in which the braille patterns are output.

Abstract: A system for using machine-learning to create a model for performing integrated circuit layout extraction is disclosed. The system of the present invention has two main phases: model creation and model application. The model creation phase comprises creating one or more extraction models using machine-learning techniques. First, a complex extraction problem is decomposed into smaller simpler extraction problems. Then, each smaller extraction problem is then analyzed to identify a set of physical parameters that fully define the smaller extraction problem. Next, models are created using machine learning techniques for all of the smaller simpler extraction problems. The machine learning is performed by first creating training data sets composed of the identified parameters from typical examples of the smaller extraction problem and the answers to those example extraction problems as solved using a highly accurate physics-based field solver. The training sets are then used to train the models.

Abstract: A multi-mode latch timing circuit has a first set of latches and a second set of latches in each logical path. In a first mode of operation, first and second phase clock signals are provided so that the latch timing circuit functions as a two-phase non-overlapping transparent latch timing circuit. In a second mode of operation, the first set of latches is held in a transparent state in some or all of the logical paths, thereby reducing clock power. In one embodiment, the first set of latches in each long path is held in a transparent state while the second phase clock signal is supplied to the second set of latches. In one embodiment, the first set of latches in each short path is held in a transparent state while a second phase clock signal comprised of shortened duty cycle pulses is supplied to the second set of latches.

Abstract: An apparatus for and method of modifying an IC design layout of an integrated circuit, comprising: accessing an initial IC design layout, with the initial layout including a plurality of MOSFET devices having a common substrate; and removing a plurality of body contacts of the MOSFET devices to create a first modified IC design layout.

Abstract: An apparatus having two or more parallel carry chain structures, each of the carry chain structures comprising a series of logical structures, where at least one of the logical structures within each of the carry chain structures has an associated input node, output node and carry node. The input node corresponds to a function input term, the output node corresponds to an output term of the function and the carry node corresponds to a carry value to a following logical structure in the series of logical structures.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method and apparatus for mapping platform-based design to multiple foundry processes. According to an exemplary aspect of the present invention, a predefined (or pre-specified) slice is successfully mapped on to a first fabrication process with a first set of design rules to produce a first result. Then the slice's ability to be mapped to a second fabrication process with a second set of design rules is evaluated to produce a second result. Next, the comparison between the two results is computed to produce a third result. The third result may be then used to modify the slice architecture, optimize the metalization process and/or modify the first or second fabrication process. The slice definition, the first set of design rules, the second set of design rules, the first result, the second result, and the third result may be stored into a database.

Abstract: Some embodiments provide a method of computing the estimated distance between an external state and a set of states in a multi-state space that represents a region of a design layout. The method identifies a polygon that encloses the set of states. It then identifies vectors to project from the vertices of the polygon based on a model that allows penalizes measurements in certain directions more than other directions. Based on the projected vectors, the method then identifies the estimated distance.