Abstract: According to the invention, a method for process control or process regulation of a unit for moulding, cooling and/or thermal treatment of metal, in particular for steel or aluminium, whereby the unit is provided with actuators for setting particular operating parameters and the method process is based on a method model can be achieved, with which it is possible to adjust online desired structural features and, by using structural property relationships, desired material properties can be adjusted, whereby at least one current value predictive of the metal structure is recorded online and, depending on said value, suitable process control and/or process regulation parameters for acting on the actuators to set desired structure properties of the metal are determined using a structural model and the method model on which the process is based.

Abstract: A producing method of producing a solid state pickup device is provided. Imaging elements are formed on a wafer in a matrix form. Each of the imaging elements has a light receiving surface and plural contact points. Receiving surface border portions are formed on a glass plate to protrude therefrom in a matrix form by etching. The receiving surface border portions are attached to the wafer to surround the light receiving surface in each of the receiving surface border portions. The light receiving surface is spaced from the glass plate. The glass plate is diced outside respectively the receiving surface border portions, to form shield glass for covering the light receiving surface. The wafer is diced for each of the imaging elements, to obtain the solid state pickup device having the shield glass and one of the imaging elements.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a multi-layer acoustic transducer with reduced total electrical impedance. The method is based on the bonding of two piezoelectric ceramic layers with confronting metallized surfaces to a thin electrical conductor, then electrically connecting the top and bottom surfaces to form a wrap-around electrode while a center conductor forms a second electrode. The total electrical impedance of a two-layer ceramic stack comprised of piezoelectric layers connected in this manner is one-fourth that of a solid ceramic element of the same size. This provides for better matching of the acoustic stack impedance to that of the electrical cable, increased penetration depth for imaging within the body, and improved acoustic element sensitivity.

Abstract: A process for fabricating a ceramic electroactive transducer of a predetermined shape is disclosed. The process comprises the steps of providing a suitably shaped core having an outer surface, attaching a first conductor to the outer surface of the core, coating an inner conductive electrode on the the outer surface of the core such that the inner conductive electrode is in electrical communication with the first conductor, coating a ceramic layer onto the inner electrode, thereafter sintering the ceramic layer, coating an outer electrode onto the sintered ceramic layer to produce an outer electrode that is not in electrical communication with the first conductor, and then poling the sintered ceramic layer across the inner electrode and the outer electrode to produce the ceramic electrode.

Abstract: A metallic ring engages with radially outer peripheries of a first flange portion of a resinous casing and a second flange portion of a housing. One of the resinous casing and the housing accommodates a solenoid actuator. The metallic ring is bent so that a pair of annular hooking pieces is formed. The annular hooking pieces opposes to each other such that the annular hooking pieces interpose the first flange portion and the second flange portion from both sides in an axial direction, so that a connecting end surface of the resinous casing is crimped and fixed to a connecting end surface of the housing. A manufacturing method for the actuator includes the following steps. The metallic ring is set in a molding die for molding the resinous casing. The first flange portion is injection molded using one of the pair of annular hooking pieces as a part of the molding die in an injection molding process.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for the protection of radio frequency identification (RFID) devices are described. In one aspect, a static dissipative material is applied to a web of antenna structures. A coating of the static dissipative material is applied continuously across a plurality of antenna structures of a roll of the web material. An RFID integrated circuit (IC) is attached to the web of antenna structures with the dissipative coating, then subsequently tested on the roll. Additional processing is performed to the RFID tag to produce an RFID label.

Abstract: Two embodiments of a GMR sensor of the bottom spin valve (BSV) spin filter spin valve (SFSV) type are provided, together with methods for their fabrication. In one embodiment, the sensor has an ultra thin (<20 angstroms) single free layer and a composite high-conductance layer (HCL), providing high output, low coercivity and positive magnetostriction. In a second embodiment, the sensor has a composite free layer and a single HCL, also having high output, low coercivity and positive magnetostriction. The sensors are capable of reading densities exceeding 60 Gb/in2.

Abstract: Provided is a thin film magnetic head capable of inhibiting the occurrence of track erasing and improving the reliability of magnetic recording. Two taper surfaces are disposed on both sides of a return yoke layer. As no corner portion which may induce concentration of a magnetic flux exists on the both sides of the return yoke layer, even if the magnetic flux emitted from a pole layer is returned to the return yoke layer through a hard disk, a magnetic field strength is not locally and pronouncedly concentrated in proximity to the taper surfaces of the return yoke layer. Thereby, the concentration of the magnetic flux can be prevented, and the probability of the occurrence of unnecessary recording decreases, so the occurrence of track erasing can be inhibited, and the reliability of magnetic recording can be improved.

Abstract: A gas removing apparatus for heat pipe can be used in a plurality of heat pipes arranged in a row or used for single semi-finished heat pipe. The gas removing apparatus includes a heating unit and a sealing unit. The heating unit is used for heating the heat pipe. The sealing unit is placed atop the heating unit and outside an opening of the heat pipe. The sealing unit includes a sealing die and a sealing mechanism for opening and closing the sealing die. The heating unit includes two heating plates arranged in parallel and separated with each other by a predetermined distance such that an accommodating space is defined between the separated heating plates. The heat pipes are placed between the two heating plates and the two heating plates heat the heat pipes through radiation and convection.

Abstract: A shipping comb for use when moving an actuator of a hard disk drive, the actuator including a swing arm installed on a base member of the hard disk drive capable of pivoting, at least a pair of load beams coupled to an end portion of the swing arm, and at least a pair of sliders respectively coupled to the load beams to face each other. The shipping comb includes a frame operative to be coupled to the actuator and capable of pivoting, a first finger provided at the frame and for maintaining an interval between the load beams by being inserted between the load beams, and a second finger provided at the frame and for preventing collision between the sliders by being inserted between the sliders.

Abstract: A coaxial cable is provided with a specially prepared precoat layer that facilitates removal of the precoat layer when the end of the cable is cored in preparation for receiving a connector. The cable includes an inner conductor; a foam polyolefin dielectric layer surrounding the inner conductor; an outer conductor surrounding said dielectric layer; and a precoat layer disposed between the inner conductor and the dielectric layer. The precoat layer forms a first bond interface with the inner conductor and a second bond interface with the dielectric layer, wherein the ratio of the axial shear adhesion force of the first (“A”) bond to the axial shear adhesive force of the second (“B”) bond is less than 1, and wherein the ratio of the axial shear adhesion force of the “A” bond formed by the precoat layer between the inner conductor to the dielectric layer to the rotational shear adhesion force of the bond is 5 or greater.

Abstract: A controller optimizes an arrangement of component supply parts installed in a component supply unit while position information of mounting points on a circuit board is taken into account, and then optimizes a mounting path to the circuit board under the arrangement. Since the position information of mounting points is taken into account in obtaining the arrangement of component supply parts, wasteful mounting paths are reduced in comparison with the case of optimizing the mounting path on only the circuit board as in the conventional art, so that the mounting time can be shortened.

Abstract: The conductor board has at least one layer of a dielectric provided areally on two mutually opposed faces with at least one metalization on each. There is at least one through contacting in the region of an aperture. The metalizations are applied to cover at least one aperture and are electrically connected to each other through the aperture.

Abstract: A process for repairing a turbine component comprises overlaying a preform of a brazing material onto a surface of the turbine component, wherein the surface comprises a damaged portion; securing the preform of a brazing material to the surface; and heating the turbine component to a temperature effective to form a brazed joint between the brazing material and the turbine component. Also disclosed is a repaired turbine component repaired by the process.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a piezoelectric actuator includes the steps of measuring a thickness of a vibration plate and determining a thickness of a piezoelectric layer based on an amount of deviation in the measured thickness of the vibration plate from a preset reference thickness of the vibration plate. Then, a piezoelectric layer of the determined thickness is formed on a side of the vibration plate which is opposite to a pressure chamber. This makes it easy to correct the thickness of the vibration plate with the thickness of the piezoelectric layer. It is easy to mass-produce piezoelectric actuators having constant and desired characteristics.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a high quality ink jet head, and an ink jet head manufactured by such a method, in which, in a case where a coating resin layer constituting ink flow path walls is formed, even when a solvent having a strong dissolving force is used, it is not feared that a configuration of an ink flow path pattern is distorted. In the method, a photosensitive resin composition layer in which an inter-molecule bridging reaction proceeds by irradiation of an ionization radiant ray having a first wavelength band and a molecule decaying reaction of main chain decomposing type of the resin proceeds by irradiation of an ionization radiant ray having a second wavelength band different from the first wavelength band is formed on a substrate on which energy generating elements were provided. Thereafter, an ink flow path pattern is formed by the irradiation of the ionization radiant ray having the first wavelength band and a developing process.

Abstract: A method for shrinking a heat pipe and a shrinking apparatus for a heat pipe are disclosed. A composite die is provided with a plurality of die blocks. The heat pipe to be shrunk is placed into a die cavity within the composite die. An arbor unit is placed into the heat pipe. The heat pipe is struck by the composite die while the arbor unit upholds a wick structure of the heat pipe against a wall of the heat pipe. The arbor unit is extracted from the heat pipe after the heat pipe is shrunk. The method for shrinking a heat pipe ensures a through heat pipe after swage process.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid container adapted to store liquefied natural gas (LNG). The LNG storage container include a sealing wall directly contacting liquid contained in the tank and a structural wall, which is an exterior wall or inner structure integrated with the exterior wall. The container further includes a plurality of connectors mechanically connecting the sealing wall and the structural wall and an intermediate wall structure positioned between the structural wall and the interior wall.

Abstract: A full complement taper roller bearing consists of an inner ring or cone having an inner track on its radially outer conical surface, and an outer ring or cup having an outer track on its radially inward conical surface and one or more rows of taper rollers having a contact angle of less than 30 degrees freely disposed between the inner and outer rings and guided between said tracks. Each row of rollers is axially located within a recess on the inner track defined by a shoulder abutment disposed at least at the edge of the inner track having the greatest diameter and each of the rollers is in contact with the inner track over the entire length of the taper roller in the axial direction of the bearing. A method of assembly is also enclosed.

Abstract: A razor having a handle, a neck extending from the handle and a blade carrying cartridge, includes at least one heat storing element for time release of heat energy in order to warm one or more parts of the razor. Prior to use of the razor, the heat storing element is heated to a temperature within a predetermined temperature range. During use of the razor to shave body hair, heat stored in the element is released to warm the blades, handle and/or other portions of the razor. In one embodiment, the heat storing element(s) is heated by an external device, such as a heated tray. In another embodiment, the razor is provided with an internal battery powered heat generating device.

Abstract: A shaving apparatus has shaving heads (3) each having an internal cutting member (6) and an associated external cutting member (4); and a drive structure (1) coupled to each of the internal cutting members (6). The external cutting members (4) are each rotatable about an axis of rotation (15) between different shaving positions. The shaving face of each head includes a first shaving field (7) for cutting short hair and a second shaving field (8) for cutting long hair. The shaving fields (7, 8) extend through different segment of the shaving face. For effecting rotation of the external cutting members (4) between the shaving positions, a control member (11) is arranged between the shaving heads (3) and engages the external cutting members (4) of the shaving heads (3) for simultaneously controlling the rotation of the external cutting members (4) of the shaving heads (3).

Abstract: A Utility Knife including a cam clamping lever with opposed forward interlocking lobes that allows the two halves of the utility knife to swivel in a scissor-like motion in one direction for blade change and retrieval. The two halves are held together by the cam clamp tension pin and the cam clamp lever. The rotating motion of the cam clamp lever and tension pins relieve pressure from the two halves of the knife and blade thus allowing sufficient opening clearance for blade change.

Abstract: A knife protection device used in a cutting device; the cutting device has a tool body; the tool body having a cutting section and a handle; the cutting section having at least one cutting portion. The knife protection device comprises a protection unit installed on the cutting section for preventing the cutting section to be expanded. The protection unit is a protection cover; and the protection cover is installed with a retaining portion and a knife protection portion. The tool body has a screwing portion; the screwing portion and the retaining portion have respective screw holes for retaining the protection unit to the tool body. The cutting portion has two knife edges; a clamping space is formed between one of the two knife edges and the knife protection portion; and another knife is capable of being receiving in the clamping space.

Abstract: A knife protection device used in a cutting device; the cutting device has a tool body; the tool body having a cutting section and a handle; the cutting section having at least one cutting portion. The knife protection device comprises a protection unit installed on the cutting section for preventing the cutting section to be expanded. The protection unit is a protection cover; and the protection cover is installed with a retaining portion and a knife protection portion. The tool body has a screwing portion; the screwing portion and the retaining portion have respective screw holes for retaining the protection unit to the tool body. The cutting portion has two knife edges; a clamping space is formed between one of the two knife edges and the knife protection portion; and another knife is capable of being receiving in the clamping space.

Abstract: Tool guiding apparatus for guiding a tool along a path on a surface to be processed, said apparatus comprising at least one path-defining means adapted to be attached to the surface, automatic tool actuating means adapted to advance the tool along the path. Wherein the automatic tool actuation means comprises a flexible force-transferring element comprising a first end and a second end, the first end being attached to the automatic tool actuation means and the second end being attached to the tool.

Abstract: The wallboard cutting tool is a compact, handheld device providing a very accurate first cut through the first surface of a sheet of wallboard material normal to a reference edge of the sheet, without additional aids, such as chalk lines, squares, etc. This is accomplished by a truing lip, which is used to true the device normal to the edge of the wallboard, and a pair of rollers that are rotationally fixed to one another. The relatively fixed rollers assure that the device cannot turn to any significant degree while being drawn across the wallboard sheet, thus assuring a straight line cut. A second blade is provided on the end of the tool opposite the first blade for cutting the backing paper opposite the first cut to complete the job. A supplemental retractable tape and/or belt hanger passage may also be provided with the device.

Abstract: A cutlery implement includes a blade, a handle and a bolster. The bolster is positioned at a balance point, in front of the back edge of the blade. The bolster has a tapered thickness to create a smooth transition from the blade to the handle. The bolster provides a more comfortable gripping portion, such that user may safely grip the cutlery implement at its balance point. A cutlery block is configured to store a cutlery implement having a bolster with a tapered thickness such that the blade is safely concealed.

Abstract: A cutlery implement includes a blade, a handle and a bolster. The bolster is positioned at a balance point, in front of the back edge of the blade. The bolster has a tapered thickness to create a smooth transition from the blade to the handle. The bolster provides a more comfortable gripping portion, such that user may safely grip the cutlery implement at its balance point.

Abstract: A paint can lid remover and punch comprising a handle having a hollow interior, a first end and a second end, the first end having a hole with a bore communicating with the hollow interior, the second end having a hole with a threaded bore communicating with the hollow interior, a sheath, the sheath being a hollow tube having a flange, a punch having a sharpened first end and an opposite second end, an end cap having a threaded portion for engaging the elongate body second end threaded bore, the end cap threaded portion being attached to the punch second end, a spring attached to the end cap and spanning between the end cap and the sheath flange and a “j” shaped paint can lid remover attached to the elongate handle.

Abstract: A cutting tool that improves operability by facilitating operation of a lever for operating a clamp mechanism of a guide member is provided. A clamp mechanism is constituted by a clamp pin that protrudes its distal end to the outside of the blade case while penetrating a depth guide and the blade case, a first lever that is connected to the distal end of the clamp pin and directly moves the clamp pin in the axial direction, and a second lever that is connected to the upper portion of the first lever through a connecting pin and has a cam lever. When the second lever is rotated toward the blade case, the cam lever presses the connecting pin to tilt the first lever, whereby the clamp pin is pulled outward. As a result, the depth guide is pressed to the inner surface of the blade case and clamped.

Abstract: A movable handle and a power tool. The power tool comprises a housing, a motor supported by the housing and operable to drive a tool element about an axis, and a handle supported by the housing for rotation relative to the housing about the axis. Preferably, the power tool is a circular saw. The circular saw further comprises a switch assembly supported on the handle for movement with the handle and means for connecting the switch to the motor to accommodate movement of the switch relative to the motor. The switch assembly is electrically connectable to the motor and selectively connects the motor to a power source, and the connecting means includes a wiring arrangement. The circular saw further comprises a locking assembly for locking the handle in a position relative to the housing.

Abstract: In some embodiments, the invention provides a reciprocating saw including a reciprocatable spindle for supporting a saw blade for reciprocating sawing movement and a body housing a motor and a drive mechanism driven by the motor, the drive mechanism selectively driving the spindle, the body having a forward end supporting the spindle, and a battery connectable to the body and having a forward-most point and a lower surface spaced rearwardly from the forward-most point.

Abstract: It is an object of the invention to provide a useful technique for reducing vibration of a handgrip and improving the cutting efficiency while achieving weight reduction of a reciprocating power tool. According to the invention, a representative reciprocating power tool is provided to comprise a body, a tool bit, an actuating mechanism, a handgrip. The handgrip and the body can rotate with respect to each other via a pivot in a direction crossing the direction of reciprocating linear motion of the tool bit. An elastic element is disposed between the handgrip and the body and serves to absorb vibration transmitted from the body to the handgrip by elastically receiving the relative rotation of the handgrip and the body. According to the invention, vibration in the handgrip can be reduced and the cutting efficiency can be improved without complicating the construction.

Abstract: The patent being sought for is a gadget of combination built-in foam dispenser and a shaver that discharges foam during shaving. On all the design of the razor in the market, the handle is always left empty. This invention puts the empty handle into good use by using it as a reservoir for storing foam. The foam is stored pressurized and when released apply a shaving foam on the skin intended to be shaved. As the razor is moved in a shaving fashion, the foam is at the same time applied to the skin. Since the discharge of the foam is below the blade, it unsure that the skin is applied with the foam before the blade passes thru.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for adjusting the angle of a sighting unit towards a target, in particular for a geodesic-measuring instrument. The inventive device comprises a reference base, at least one bearing for mounting the sighting unit thereon in such a way that it is pivotable with respect to said reference base around an axis, a gear for accurately adjusting an angle of rotation around said axis between the sighting unit and the reference base and a coupling unit for limiting or interrupting a torque flux around the axis. The gear and the coupling unit are in series arranged in the torque flux between the sighting unit and the reference base. The torque flux is carried out around the axis between the sighting unit and the reference base by means of the gear and the coupling unit when it is non-interrupted thereby.

Abstract: Given a situation where a projected laser line appears to have terminated or faded as it intersects with a work-surface (e.g., a wall), a fan-out redirecting means is used to capture and redirect energy radiating above and parallel to, or radiating away from the given work-surface area, where the captured energy is from a line projector mounted to the surface. The radiation capturing and redirecting means aims the captured energy at a greater angle towards the work-surface so that the redirected light is thereafter reflected back to a user to give the perception that a line of enhanced intensity or reborn existence is being created on the work-surface or on a reflective overlayer placed against the work-surface. The radiation capturing and redirecting means may include one or both of optically refractive means and optically reflective means (e.g., lens and mirrors) for performing the capturing and/or redirecting functions.

Abstract: An optical axis adjusting mechanism disposed on a laser ruler for adjusting an optical axis of the laser ruler is provided. The laser ruler includes a main bracket. The optical axis adjusting mechanism includes a main body rotatably assembled to the main bracket of the laser ruler with a shaft, and one or more adjusting elements for selectively rotating the main body about the shaft to adjust an optical axis of the laser ruler.

Abstract: A spirit-level vial comprising a transparent vessel containing a globule of a first liquid suspended in a medium comprising a second liquid, wherein said transparent vessel is essentially completely filled by said medium, and wherein said globule is capable of moving freely through said medium in response to changes in the spatial orientation of said transparent vessel.

Abstract: A method measures values on a workpiece (7) using a coordinate measuring apparatus which has a measuring probe head (5) with a deflectable probe pin (6). The coordinate measuring apparatus can carry out a linear or nonlinear projection (transformation) of the deflection signals (s) determined by the measuring probe head (5) into a coordinate system (XM, YM, ZM) of the coordinate measuring apparatus using parameters (A). In order to be able to use the method for any measuring probe, more particularly probes whose probe pins are not moveably guided in the directions of the coordinates, at least a portion of the parameters (Aanti) describes components of the deflection of the probe pin which are located tangentially relative to the surface of the workpiece on the touch point.

Abstract: A template has an external perimeter, a pair of crossed levels, preferably spirit levels and an alignment opening. In preferred embodiments of the invention, the alignment opening lies between the pair of crossed levels. In some examples, the alignment opening has, at its lower extent, a sight glass. A central mound makes assembly and use of the device easier.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device (1) for supplying moisture into the interior of a laundry drier, wherein the device (1) comprises a receiving area (3) for receiving liquid and a liquid-impermeable sleeve (2) surrounding this receiving area (3) which has at least one outlet opening for dispensing moisture, wherein the device (1) is characterised in that the sleeve (2) is heat-permeable at least from outside in the direction of the receiving area (3). The invention further relates to a use of this device (1) and a method for supplying moisture into the interior of a laundry drier, characterised in that a device (1) which contains liquid, is inserted in the interior of the laundry drier, heat is produced by means of the heating device of the laundry drier, this heat brings the liquid in the device (1) to vaporise and the moisture thereby obtained is dispensed via at least one outlet opening for moisture in the device (1) onto the interior of the drier.

Abstract: The system for drying shopping carts dries a large number of wet shopping carts. The carts are loaded onto a conveyor belt. Side dryers located on either side of the conveyor belt initially dry the carts. The carts are passed under a freestanding arch having support columns situated on either side of the conveyor belt. The arch includes a number of overhead dryers. When the carts move under the arch, they are dried from above by the overhead dryers. Water dispelled from the shopping carts runs into a drainage system situated on the floor. Once the shopping carts are dried, the carts are unloaded from the conveyor belt and are removed from the housing.

Abstract: In a method of drying molds or mold parts for the manufacture of optical lenses, in particular ophthalmic lenses and especially contact lenses, the mold or mold part to be dried is exposed to drying air. For this purpose, humid pressurized air (T) is used to which the mold or mold part is exposed.

Abstract: During the transport of flat products, in particular folded products which are transferred at the end of a transport path to an assembly which forwards them, a great degree of freedom from faults can be attained by the fact that, in the case of lower transport speeds, the products are accelerated during the transfer by air which passes along them at a higher speed in the transport direction than the transport speed. In the case of higher transport speeds, the products are expediently braked during the transfer by reducing the pressure in the gap between one of their surfaces and an adjacent guide surface.

Abstract: A clothes dryer with a dehumidifier is disclosed. The clothes dryer includes a cabinet, a drying container rotatably installed in the cabinet, a driving unit for supplying a rotational force to the drying container, a first air passage connected to a side of the drying container and including a first heat exchanger, a second air passage connected to another side of the drying container and the outer side of the cabinet, and a third air passage including a second heat exchanger for dehumidifying external air of the drying container. The clothes dryer of the present invention performs drying process and dehumidifying process, the clothes dryer can prevent room humidity from increasing.

Abstract: A dehumidification plant for granule material provided with a compressed air source, control means for the flow rate of the compressed air fed by the source, one heating chamber of compressed air which is in communication with the flow rate control means, one container of granular material to be dehumidified, diffuser means of compressed and hot air located inside the container, temperature sensor means arranged to detect the temperature of air leaving the container, one programmable control unit. The dehumidification plant comprises one compressed-air dehumidifying group located downstream of flow rate control means, and one flow rate adjusting group for dehumidified air coming from the dehumidifying group located upstream of the heating chamber.

Abstract: Conduit for conveying and heating a flow of gas, comprising in its interior at least an electric heating element formed by a thick-film layer, in which said electric heating element works as a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) element and is arranged peripherally in relation to the gas flow cross-section of the conduit, i.e. is oriented in a substantially parallel manner to the flow direction of said gas, so that the latter is not even partially obstructed by such a thick-film layer. In a preferred manner, this heating element is subdivided into a plurality of individual and distinct heating elements arranged in parallel and energized in a successive and cumulative manner so that the initial power input can be maintained within pre-established limits, while the power input under steady-state conditions is reduced to a quite lower value, which is however still sufficiently high as to ensure an acceptable power output level.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for eliminating wrinkles in clothes in a washing or drying machine using steam to eliminate the wrinkles in clothes, in a state in which the clothes are worn by a user or stored, as well as in a state in which washing of the clothes is terminated. The method includes determining whether or not a wrinkle-eliminating course is selected; supplying hot air to the clothes to eliminate dust from the clothes when it is determined that the wrinkle-eliminating course is selected; and supplying steam to the clothes, from which the dust was eliminated, to eliminate the wrinkles in the clothes.

Abstract: Articles that provide foot pain-relief for wearers of shoes and methods are disclosed. The foot pain-relief articles comprise removable inserts for foot wear that are activated by exposure to air or breaking an internal bag of the insert and shaking the inserts to provide single use disposable inserts. The disposable inserts provide warming or cooling for an extended period of time for foot pain-relief. A reusable insert is disclosed that is activated by refrigeration or by heating to provide either cooling or warming foot pain-relief. Foot pain relief by cooling of foot wear is provided by foot wear comprising a chamber and an aperture for a compressed gas cylinder. The chamber is recharged as needed to provide continuous cooling of a foot.

Abstract: Protective footgear are provided which are fabricated of stiff but flexible fabrics such as canvas with the sole and at least lower portions at least partially impregnated with a rubbery waterproof material. The footgear or “booties” are designed to be worn over work shoes or boots to protect them from dirty environments or to permit the wearer to enter “clean” areas without removing dirty boots. Optional leggings, extending as high as the knee, can be provided as a removable or permanent part of the footgear. Patterns, materials and instructions can be assembled and provided as a kit for fabrication of personal footgear.